tankless water heater buying guide
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Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide
What is a Tankless Water Heater?
How do Tankless Water Heaters work?
Selecting a Tankless Water Heater
Tankless Water Heater Installation and Maintenance Tankless Water Heater Manufacturers
Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide Video
What is a Tankless Water Heater? Tankless Water Heaters, also called Instantaneous or Demand Water Heaters,
provide hot water only as it is needed. Traditional storage water heaters produce
standby energy losses that cost you money. We do not leave our homes heated
while vacationing. We only heat our homes when there is a demand for heat. In the
same way, a Tankless Water Heater is used only when there is a demand for hot
water.
How do Tankless Water Heaters work? Tankless Water Heaters heat water directly
without the use of a storage tank. Therefore,
they avoid the standby heat losses associated
with storage water heaters. When a hot water
tap is turned on, cold water travels through a
pipe into the unit. In an electric TanklessWater Heater an electric element heats the
water. In a gas-fired Tankless Water Heater a
gas burner heats the water. As a result,
Tankless Water Heaters deliver a constant
supply of hot water. You don't need to wait for
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a storage tank to fill up with enough hot water. Typically, Tankless Water Heaters
provide hot water at a rate of 2 – 5 gallons (7.6 – 15.2 liters) per minute. Typically,
gas-fired Tankless Water Heaters will produce higher flow rates than electric
Tankless Water Heaters. Some smaller Tankless Water Heaters, however, cannot
supply enough hot water for simultaneous, multiple uses in large households. For
example, taking a shower and running the dishwasher at the same time can stretch
a Tankless Water Heater to its limit. To overcome this problem, you can install a
“whole house” type Tankless Water Heater or install two or more Tankless Water
Heaters, connected in parallel for simultaneous demands of hot water. You can alsoinstall separate Tankless Water Heaters for appliances—such as a clothes washer or
dishwater—that use a lot of hot water in your home.
Other applications for Tankless Water Heaters include the following:
• Remote BBQ or outdoor sink
• Poolhouse or pool shower
• Remote bathrooms or hot tubs
• To serve as a booster, eliminating long pipe runs, for solar water heating
systems, dishwashers and sanitation.
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For homes that use 41 gallons or less of hot water daily, Tankless Water Heaters
can be 24% – 34% more energy efficient than conventional storage tank water
heaters. They can be 8% – 14% more energy efficient for homes that use a lot of
hot water, around 86 gallons per day. You can achieve an even greater energy
savings of 27% – 50% if you install a Tankless Water Heater at each hot water
outlet.
Selecting a Tankless Water HeaterBefore buying a Tankless Water Heater, consider the following:
1. Fuel Type
2. Location, Size and Demand
3. Application
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1. Fuel Type
The first thing that you'll need to decide when selecting a Tankless Water Heater is
the fuel type. You will need to select between an Electric Tankless Water Heater
(like Eemax Tankless Water Heaters or Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters) or a
Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater (like Rheem Tankless Water Heaters).
• Requirements for Electric Tankless Water Heaters
•
Requirements for Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters
If you plan to purchase an Electric Tankless Water Heater, consider the ElectricalRequirements:
• Voltage
• Amperage
• Circuit Breaker
Voltage
Many retailers sell units that will accommodate 110V, 120V, 208V, 220V, 240V, and 277V.
Amperage
Different Electric Tankless Water Heaters will have various requirements in amp draw. You willwant to ensure that you can support the electrical demands of your Electric Tankless Water Heater.
Circuit Breaker
You must ensure that you have a circuit or circuits that will support your Electric Tankless Water Heater. It may be necessary to put your Electric Tankless Water Heater on its own circuit or
circuits.
You should consult with a qualified, licensed electrician for more information.
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If you plan to purchase a Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater, consider the Gas-Type and VentingRequirements:
You will first need to identify whether your gas type is Natural Gas or Propane. It is imperitive that you examineyour current gas line to ensure that it will meet therequirments of your new Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater.
The requirements of the Tankless Water Heater may exceedthat of your existing tank-style water heater.
Next, you will need to consider venting requirements for your specific installation scenario. There are a few importantthings to keep in mind when purchasing the gas ventingaccessories for your Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater.
Be sure that you purchase Category III stainless steel(UL1738 certified) venting for your Gas-Fired TanklessWater Heater. "Type B" venting accessories are notacceptable. Also, be sure to check local building code toensure that your specific needs will be completely met.
Additionally, many Tankless Water Heater manufacturersoffer gas venting "kits". It is recommended that customersevaluate the needs of their specific installation to ensure thatthey will be getting all of the necessary gas ventingaccessories. Depending on where you will be installing theTankless Water Heater, a pre-made kit will probably not meetyour needs. Ensure that you measure out the vent route andconsider where the discharge will go through the wall or
ceiling, consider the necessary clearances, and consider ample access to air for combustion, then buy the appropriate gas venting pieces. *Note: Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters may stillrequire a minimal electrical connection. Be sure to review installation requirements for the units
you are considering for purchase.
2. Location, Size, and Demand
When deciding which Tankless Water Heater to purchase, you will also need to
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consider where you will need hot water. Are you looking for a unit that will heat the
water at one bathroom sink (single point application), an entire bathroom
(multipoint application), or an entire house, apartment, or condo (whole house
application)? It is important to recognize the number of fixtures that will require hot
water. Each fixture will have its own demands. The chart below illustrates the
typical flow rates (demand) for some standard fixtures:
Typical Flow Rates in Gallons per Minute (gpm)
Fixture
Type
Lavato
ry
Bathtu
b
Showe
r
Kitchen
Sink
Pastry
Sink
Laundry
Sink
Dish-
washer
Flow
Rates0.5
2.0 –
4.0
1.5 –
3.01.0 – 1.5 1.5 – 2.5 2.5 – 3.0 1.0 – 3.0
The flow rate is especially important, since Tankless Water Heaters will generate a
temperature rise based on the flow rate demanded.
For example, a Stiebel Eltron Tempra 12, running on 240 Volt power, will raise the
water temperature by 54°F at 1.5 gpm, 36°F at 2.25 gpm, and 27°F at 3.0 gpm,
above the ambient incoming water temperature, up to 125°F.
A larger unit, like the Stiebel Eltron Tempra 36, running on 240 Volt power, will raise
the water temperature by 92°F at 1.5 gpm, 92°F at 2.25 gpm, and 82°F at 3.0 gpm,
above the ambient incoming water temperature, up to 125°F.
Temperature Rise Based on Flow
Rate, Up to 125°F
Flow Rate 1.5 gpm 2.25 gpm 3.0 gpm
Tempra 12 54°F 36°F 27°F
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Tempra 36 92°F 92°F 82°F
This means that if you
are using a 1.5 gpm
shower and a 1.5 gpm
kitchen sink
simultaneously, a total
demand of 3.0 gpm,
the Stiebel Eltron
Tempra 12 will raise
the temperature 27°F,
whereas the Stiebel
Eltron Tempra 36 will
raise the temperature
82°F.
Next, you should look
at your ambient incoming water temperature. If you live in a cold climate, like New York, your incoming water temperature will likely be much lower than if you live in a
warm climate, like Florida. Your best bet is to find out how much temperature rise
you will need in order for your hot water to reach the desired heat. If the ambient
incoming water temperature for your shower is 65°F, you are using a 2.0 gpm
shower, and you want to raise that temperature to 115°F, you will want to look for a
Tankless Water Heater that will provide at least a 50°F temperature rise at 2.0 gpm
(115°F - 65°F = 50°F). However, if you anticipate additional simultaneous demand,
such as the hot water from a sink being used while someone is showering, you will
need to add the sink's gpm to the shower's gpm in order to determine your overall
gpm demand and then find the temperature rise necessary to meet your overall
needs.
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60° F
Incoming
Water
2
gpm
Show
er
110° F
Desired Output
Water
Temperature
You will need a Tankless Water
Heater that produces a 50°F
temperature rise at 2 gpm
3. Application
You may have a specific application in mind for your Tankless Water Heater. Here
are a few examples of the different models and their functionality for a specific
application:
Single Point Application
A single point application is one where only one fixture will require an Electric
Tankless Water Heater. Here are some examples of Single Point Electric TanklessWater Heaters:
Eemax Single Point Electric Tankless Water Heaters
Stiebel Eltron Point of Use Electric Tankless Water Heaters
Chronomite Instant-Flow SR Electric Tankless Water Heaters
Eemax Flow Controlled
The "Flow Controlled" range of water heaters from Eemax are ideally suited to serve
two points, like two sinks, in close proximity. Here is an example of Flow Controlled
Electric Tankless Water Heaters:
Eemax Flow Controlled Electric Tankless Water Heaters
Thermostatic
The Thermostatic Tankless Water Heater serves as a booster for temperature loss
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from long pipe runs, dishwashers and sanitation. Thermostatic units are good for
applications where precise temperature control is essential; such as schools,
hospitals and laboratories. Here are some examples of Thermostatic Electric
Tankless Water Heaters:
Eemax Thermostatic Electric Tankless Water Heaters
Stiebel Eltron DHC-E 8 Electric Tankless Water Heater
Stiebel Eltron DHC-E 10 Electric Tankless Water Heater
Eemax Series Two
Eemax Series Two units are ideally suited for residential showers, entire bathrooms,
smaller houses, condos, summer cabins and apartments. They will also
accommodate industrial boosters, higher flow rate applications such as wash down
stations and higher flow rate accurate temperature control applications such as
photo labs. Here is an example of Eemax Series Two Electric Tankless Water
Heaters:
Eemax Series Two Electric Tankless Water Heaters
Whole House Indoor Use
Larger Whole House units are designed to serve an entire house, apartment, condo,
or cabin, where multiple points of use will exist. Here are some examples of Whole
House Electric Tankless Water Heaters for Indoor use:
Eemax EX280T2T Series Three Electric Tankless Water Heater
Stiebel Eltron Tempra Series Electric Tankless Water Heaters
Rheem Indoor Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters
Whole House Outdoor Use
Larger Whole House units are designed to serve an entire house, apartment, condo,
or cabin, where multiple points of use will exist. Here are some examples of Whole
House Electric Tankless Water Heaters for Outdoor use:
Rheem Outdoor Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters
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Tankless Water Heater Installation and MaintenanceProper installation and maintenance of your Tankless Water Heater can optimize its
energy efficiency.
Proper installation depends on many factors. These factors include climate and local
building code requirements. You should have a qualified, licensed plumbing and
heating contractor install your Tankless Water Heater.
Do the following when selecting a contractor:
• Request cost estimates in writing
• Ask for references
• Check the company with your local Better Business Bureau
• Confirm the company will obtain a local permit, if necessary, and understandslocal building codes
Be sure you contractor first consults the manufacturer’s installation and instruction
materials. Manufacturers usually provide the necessary installation and instruction
manuals with the product. Your contractor should also contact your municipality for
information about obtaining a permit, if necessary, and about local water heater
installation codes.
Many Tankless Water Heaters have a life expectancy of more than 20 years. They
also have easily replaceable parts that extend their life by many more years. In
contrast, storage water heaters last 10 – 15 years.
You should consult the manufacturer's website or literature, such as the manual, for
detailed warranty information.
Periodic water heater maintenance can significantly extend your water heater's lifeand minimize loss of efficiency. Read your owner's manual for specific maintenance
recommendations.
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Tankless Water Heater Manufacturers There are many manufacturers of Tankless Water Heaters, including those below:
Eemax Tankless Water Heaters
Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters
Chronomite Tankless Water Heaters
Rheem Tankless Water Heaters
Bosch Tankless Water Heaters
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Bradford White Electric Water Heaters
You may also want to review Gas Venting accessories for your Gas-Fired Tankless
Water Heater:
ProTech Systems Gas Venting
Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide Video
Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide Video
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