tanzania basic demographic and socio-economic profile - 2014

5/24/2018 Tanzania Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile - 2014

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The United Republic of Tanzania

Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile

National Bureau of Statistics

Ministry of Finance

Dar es Salaam


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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES


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Foreword

The 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC) for the United Republic of Tanzania was carriedout on the 26thAugust, 2012. This was the fifth Census after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

in 1964. Other censuses were carried out in 1967, 1978, 1988 and 2002. The 2012 PHC, like

previous censuses, will contribute to the improvement of quality of life of Tanzanians through the

provision of current and reliable data for policy formulation, development planning and service

delivery as well as for monitoring and evaluating national and international development

frameworks.

The 2012 PHC is unique as the collected information will be used in monitoring and evaluating the

Development Vision 2025 for Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar Development Vision 2020, Five

Year Development Plan 2011/122015/16, National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

(NSGRP) commonly known as MKUKUTA and Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of

Poverty (ZSGRP) commonly known as MKUZA. The Census will also provide information for the

evaluation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015. The Poverty Monitoring

Master Plan, which is the monitoring tool for NSGRP and ZSGRP, mapped out core indicators for

poverty monitoring against the sequence of surveys, with the 2012 PHC being one of them. Several


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mass media and the general public for their contribution towards successful implementation of the

Census.

Last but not least, we would wish to acknowledge the vital contributions to the Census project by

Hajjat Amina Mrisho Said, the 2012 Commissioner for Population and Housing Census and Mr.

Mwalim Haji Ameir, the Census Commissar for Zanzibar. Special thanks should also go to the

Management and staff of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Office of Chief Government

Statistician, Zanzibar (OCGS). Their commitment and dedication made significant contribution to

the overall efficiency of the Census operations. We would also like to convey our appreciation to

all other Government Officials who worked tirelessly to ensure successful implementation of the

2012 Population and Housing Census.


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Executive Summary

The 2012 Tanzania Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile provides a short descriptiveanalysis and related tables on main thematic areas covered in the 2012 Population and Housing

Census. Areas covered are population size; growth and distribution; age and sex profile; household

composition; marital status; citizenship; birth registration and disability. Other topics are survival

of parents; education and literacy; economic activity; housing conditions; household assets and

amenities; agriculture and livestock; fertility and mortality. In many cases, characteristics have

been disaggregated by location (rural and urban) and where possible comparisons have been made

with past Census(es) to observe the trend over time. Related tables are presented in a separate

publication (Detailed Statistical Tables for National Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic

Profile - Volume IIID).

The new topics that were covered in 2012 PHC for the first time since 1967 which was the first

Census after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar were; Birth Registration, Agriculture and

Livestock, Day Population, Diaspora, Social Security Schemes, Refuse Disposal, Cause of Death

and Maternal Health.


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population of Tanzania will double in the next 26 years. Tanzanian population is predominantly

rural with 70 percent of total population living in Rural Areas.

Chapter Three is about age and sex profile of the Tanzanian population. The Chapter gives

population by major age groups and sex. The data depicts a young population age structure with a

median age of 17.1 years. Forty four (44) percent of the population is aged below 15 years, and

only 4 percent is aged 65 years and above. The structure is similar to that of Tanzania Mainland

and Tanzania Zanzibar. The results also depict a higher percentage of females compared to males in

almost all age groups, except below 10 years, 5054 and 5559 years.

Household composition is explained in Chapter Four. Tanzania had a total of 9,276,997 private

households, out of which 6,192,303 (67 percent) were in Rural Areas and 3,084,694 (33 percent)

were in Urban Areas. One third (33.4 percent) of households in both Rural and Urban Areas were

headed by females. Percentage of households in Urban Areas had increased from 26 in 2002

Census to 33 in 2012 Census indicating increasing urbanization in the country. Average household

size was 4.7 persons per household. Rural households with an average household size of 5 persons

per household were relatively bigger than urban households (4.2 persons per household). Moreover,

f l h d d h h ld l t t i bi th h d d b l A b f


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Chapter Six reveals that 99 percent of the enumerated population were Tanzanians. Majority of

foreigners were from neighbouring countries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya,

Uganda and Rwanda. A large number of Burundians may be explained by refugees who were in

Tanzania at the time of 2012 PHC. India and China represented a relatively large number of Asians

in the country. Other countries with significant number of foreigners in the country were Great

Britain and United States of America.

Despite an intensified campaign to issue birth certificates, only 15 percent of the Tanzania

population had birth certificates. The percentage of the population with birth certificates was

relatively higher among younger persons than the older population indicating an improvement in

registration activities in recent years.

Chapter Seven is about survival of parents. Results reveal that 70 percent of all persons in Tanzania

and 92 percent of all children below 18 years had both parents alive. The results further show that

one (1) percent of population below 18 years had both parents dead. However, in international and

Tanzanian context, an orphan is a person who has lost one or both of his or her parents. By that

broad definition, eight (8) percent of the population were orphans. Incidences of orphan-hood were

hi h t i I i (14 4 t) f ll d b Nj b (13 8 t) d th l t i


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percent). Adult literacy for males (83 percent) was significantly higher than that of females (73

percent). Adult literacy rates vary among regions, ranging from 96 percent in Dar es Salaam region

to 59 percent in Tabora. Comparison between 2002 and 2012 reveals an increase in levels of

literacy in Tanzania. Generally, literacy increased from 63 percent in 2002 to 72 in 2012 while

adult literacy increased from 69 percent in 2002 to 78 in 2012.

Census results show an improvement in primary school enrolment. The Net Enrolment Rate (NER)

increased from 69 percent in 2002 to 77 in 2012. NER was higher in Urban Areas (91 percent) than

in Rural Areas (72 percent). Female NER (78 percent) was slightly higher than that of males (75

percent). In 2012, NER by region was highest in Kilimanjaro Region (94 percent) and lowest in

Tabora Region (56 percent). At least nine in every ten school age children (95 percent) were

enrolled in schools (irrespective of the ages of the enrolled children). Gross enrolment ratio was

higher in urban areas (109 percent) compared to Rural Areas (90 percent). There were slight

differences in gross enrolment among sexes in both rural and urban areas.

The 2012 PHC collected information on usual and current economic activities among population

aged 10 years and above. Chapter Ten shows that 63 percent of the total population aged 10 years

d b l d i th 12 th i t C i ht R lt l i di t th t th


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Information on Housing conditions, assets and amenities are elaborated in Chapter Twelve.

Overall, three quarters of the population was living in privately owned houses. However, in Urban

Areas, the percentage of households living in their own houses was 48 percent. Thirty one (31)

percent of house owners had no legal right over the land where the house was built. Majority (50

percent) of land ownership was customary. The 2012 PHC also collected information on building

material of the main house. Results show that 66 percent of all private households had used modern

material (65 percent iron sheets; tiles, concrete and asbestos (less than one percent each) as the

main roofing material. Usage of modern material was very high in Urban Areas whereby 93 percent

of all households had modern roofs compared to 53 percent in Rural Areas. Data on flooring

material reveal that 60 percent of total households had used earth or sand as the main flooring

material and only 37 percent used cement. Fifty three percent of all private households in Tanzania

had their houseswall built of sundried or baked bricks (26.3 percent each). Other commonly used

wall materials were poles and mud (24 percent) and cement bricks (20 percent). On room

occupancy, results show that 62 percent of the households in Tanzania had one or two rooms used

for sleeping.

As for the main source of drinking water, overall 37 percent of all private households used piped

h i i f d i ki (12 h d i d i h i h i h (8)


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With regard to toilet facilities, most of the private households used pit latrines with soil slabs (not

washable) (30 percent) and pit latrine without slab/open pit (27 percent) while 8 percent of the

households had no toilet facilities. Thirty six (36) percent of households reported burying or use of

pits as the most common type of refuse disposal and only 5 percent of households reported that

household refuse was regularly collected.

Concerning ownership of assets, results show that house was the most commonly owned asset by

household (75 percent), followed by hand hoe (74 percent), land or farm (70 percent) and mobile

phones (64 percent). Ownership of essential assets was higher among male-headed than female-

headed households.

The 2012 Population and Housing Census collected data on agriculture for the purpose of obtaining

a frame that can be used in conducting future agriculture sample censuses and surveys. Agriculture

continues to be the main economic activity for the majority of Tanzanias private households.

Results reveal that 66 percent of all privatehouseholds in the country were engaged in agricultural

activities during the 2011/12 agricultural season. Agriculture is also an economic activity even in

Urban Areas where 15 percent of urban households reported engagement in agriculture in 2011/12

season. Likewise, 42 percent of all private households in the country were keeping at least one type

f li k C i h H fi h f i i l l h


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Summary of Key Indicators for Tanzania, Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census

IndicatorTanzania Tanzania Mainland Tanzania Zanzibar

Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

Population Size, Growth and Distribution

Total Population 44,928,923 100.0 43,625,354 100.0 1,303,569 100.0

Male 21,869,990 48.7 21,239,313 48.7 630,677 48.4

Female 23,058,933 51.3 22,386,041 51.3 672,892 51.6

Rural 31,623,919 70.4 30,924,116 70.9 699,803 53.7

Urban 13,305,004 29.6 12,701,238 29.1 603,766 46.3

Average Annual Intercensal Growth Rate (20022012) - 2.7 - 2.7 - 2.8

Age and Sex Profile

Children (0

4 years) 7,273,832 16.2 7,069,895 16.2 203,937 15.6Male 3,637,982 16.6 3,535,673 16.6 102,309 16.2

Female 3,635,850 15.8 3,534,222 15.8 101,628 15.1

Young Population (014 years) 19,725,456 43.9 19,171,107 43.9 554,349 42.5

Male 9,864,400 45.1 9,586,897 45.1 277,503 44.0

Female 9,861,056 42.8 9,584,210 42.8 276,846 41.1


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Marital Status (15 years and Above)

Married 12,570,491 51.1 12,155,757 50.9 414,734 56.5

Never Married 8,730,828 35.5 8,465,009 35.5 265,819 36.2

Living Together 1,578,568 6.4 1,573,992 6.6 4,576 0.6

Separated 232,415 0.9 230,755 1.0 1,600 0.2

Divorced 715,447 2.9 683,617 2.9 31,830 4.3

Widowed 765,284 3.1 749,736 3.1 15,548 2.1

Citizenship and Birth Registration

Citizenship:

Tanzanians 44,266,096 98.5 42,969,131 98.5 1,296,965 99.5

Non-Tanzanians 662,827 1.5 656,223 1.5 6,604 0.5

Birth Registration

Population with Birth Certificates 6,612,433 15.0 5,699,672 13.3 912,761 71.0

Population with Birth Notification 2,424,284 5.5 2,352,344 5.5 71,940 5.6

Orphanhood (one or both parents died)

Child Orphans (0-17 years) 1,696,349 7.7 1,659,704 7.7 36,645 5.8

Male 841,550 7.6 823,460 7.7 18,090 5.7

l 8 4 99 836 244 8 18 9


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Economic Activity

Legislators Administrators and Managers 252,863 1.4 245,673 1.4 7,188 1.9

Professionals 290,205 1.6 277,481 1.5 12,723 3.4

Technicians and Associate Professionals 754,279 4.1 731,348 4.1 22,930 6.0

Clerks 179,975 1.0 171,287 1.0 8,689 2.3

Small Business Managers 176,892 1.0 171,001 1.0 5,892 1.6

Service Workers, Shop and Stall Sales Workers 1,059,429 5.8 995,515 5.6 63,908 16.9

Street Vendors and Related Workers 561,545 3.1 546,436 3.0 15,109 4.0

Crafts and Related Workers 846,456 4.6 807,767 4.5 38,689 10.2

Farmers 11,359,090 62.1 11,245,117 62.8 113,973 30.1

Livestock Keepers 431,436 2.4 427,869 2.4 3,567 0.9

Fishermen 181,382 1.0 155,619 0.9 25,763 6.8

Plant Machine Operators and Assemblers including

Drivers203,875 1.1 195,985 1.1 7,890 2.1

Elementary Occupations 1,151,251 6.3 1,107,548 6.2 43,703 11.5

Others 846,617 4.6 837,507 4.7 9,110 2.4

Disability

Type of Disability

Albinism 16,477 0.04 16,127 0.04 350 0.03

Seeing 848,530 1.93 821,213 1.92 27,317 2.13

Hearing 425,322 0.97 410,182 0.96 15,140 1.18

Walking 525,019 1.19 513,558 1.20 11,461 0.89


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Main Materials Used for Flooring

Earth/Sand 5,569,460 60.0 5,498,025 60.9 71,436 28.6

Non Earth 3,707,537 40.0 3,528,760 39.1 178,776 71.5

Main Materials Used for Roofing

Iron Sheets 6,069,525 65.4 5,782,877 65.1 196,648 78.6

Grass/Leaves 2,359,906 25.4 2,315,153 25.6 44,753 17.9

Mud and Leaves 729,337 7.9 728,000 8.1 1,337 0.5

Others 118,229 1.3 110,755 1.2 7,473 3.0

Household Amenities

Main Source of Energy for Lighting

Kerosene 5,400,077 58.2 5,270,271 58.4 129,806 51.9

Electricity 1,974,503 21.3 1,866,966 20.7 107,457 42.9

Others 1,902,417 20.5 1,889,548 20.9 12,949 5.2

Main Source of Energy for Cooking

Firewood 6,353,229 68.5 6,192,436 68.6 160,793 64.3

Charcoal 2,381,837 25.7 2,311,471 25.6 70,366 28.1

Kerosene 225,270 2.4 219,751 2.4 5,518 2.2

Electricity 158,987 1.7 149,109 1.7 9,875 3.9


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Ownership of Household Assets

Radio 5,714,351 61.6 5,539,545 61.4 174,806 69.9

Mobile Phone 5,926,801 63.9 5,725,937 63.4 200,864 80.3

Hand Hoe 6,896,351 74.3 6,760,257 74.9 136,094 54.4

Television 1,448,489 15.6 1,362,241 15.1 86,248 34.5

Land or Farm 6,529,907 70.4 6,423,155 71.2 106,752 42.7

House 6,940,569 74.8 6,752,418 74.8 188,151 75.2

Bicycle 3,702,602 39.9 3,590,797 39.8 111.805 44.7

Motorcycle or Vespa 463,596 5.0 438,459 4.9 25,137 10.0

Power Tiller 67,326 0.7 66,325 0.7 996 0.4

Households Membership to Social Security Schemes

National Health Insurance or Community Health (NHIF

or CHF)509,068 5.5 507,717 5.6 1,351 0.5

Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) 165,468 1.8 163,746 1.8 1,722 0.7

Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF) 38,397 0.4 4,248 0.1 34,149 13.6

Parastatal Pensions Fund ( PPF) 74,410 0.8 73,617 0.8 793 0.3

National Social Security Fund (NSSF) 226,355 2.4 223,305 2.5 3,050 1.2

Local Authorities Pension Fund (LAPF) 38,951 0.4 38,827 0.4 124 0.1


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Contents

Page

Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................iExecutive Summary ........................................................................................................................ iiiSummary of Key Indicators for Tanzania, Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

.........................................................................................................................................ixList of Tables ..................................................................................................................................xixList of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xxvList of Maps .............................................................................................................................. xxviiiList of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................xxixConcepts and Definitions .............................................................................................................. xxx

Chapter One ..................................................................................................................................... 1Overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census ............................................................... 11.1 What is a Population Census? ........................................................................................... 1


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Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................. 12Population Size, Growth and Distribution .................................................................................. 122.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 122.2 Enumerated Population by Record Type ........................................................................ 122.3 Population Size and Growth ........................................................................................... 15

Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................... 21Age and Sex Profile ....................................................................................................................... 213.1 Quality of Age and Sex Data .......................................................................................... 213.2 Age and Sex Profile ........................................................................................................ 223.2.1 Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups ........................................................ 223.2.2 Population Pyramid......................................................................................................... 243.3 Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups ........................................................... 273.3.1 Young Population (0-14 Years) ...................................................................................... 293.3.2 Youth Population (15-24 Years) ..................................................................................... 293.3.3 Working Age Population (15-64 Years) ......................................................................... 313.3.4 Elderly Population .......................................................................................................... 32


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Chapter Six .................................................................................................................................... 54Citizenship and Birth Registration .............................................................................................. 546.1 Citizenship ...................................................................................................................... 546.2 Birth Certificate .............................................................................................................. 556.3 Birth Registration ............................................................................................................ 55

Chapter Seven ................................................................................................................................ 58Survival of Parents ........................................................................................................................ 587.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 587.2 Survival of Parents .......................................................................................................... 587.3 Orphans in Tanzania ....................................................................................................... 67

Chapter Eight ................................................................................................................................ 70Diaspora ........................................................................................................................................ 708.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 708.2 Number of Persons Living in Diaspora .......................................................................... 70


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Chapter Ten ................................................................................................................................. 101Economic Activity ....................................................................................................................... 10110.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10110.2 Usual Economic Activity .............................................................................................. 10110.3 Current Economic Activity ........................................................................................... 10710.4 Employment Status ....................................................................................................... 11210.5 Main Occupation........................................................................................................... 11410.6 Main Industry ................................................................................................................ 118

Chapter Eleven ............................................................................................................................ 122Disability ...................................................................................................................................... 12211.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 12211.2 Persons with Disabilities (Five Year Age Groups) ....................................................... 12211.2.1 Population with Albinism ............................................................................................. 12511.3 Persons with Disabilities (Ten Year Age Groups)........................................................ 127


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Chapter Thirteen ......................................................................................................................... 167Agriculture and Livestock .......................................................................................................... 16713.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 16713.2 Households Engaged in Agriculture ............................................................................. 16713.3 Livestock and Poultry ................................................................................................... 17013.4 Fish Farming ................................................................................................................. 180

References ..................................................................................................................................... 182

Annexes: Questionnaires ............................................................................................................... 183


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List of Tables

Table 2.1: Enumerated Population by Record Type, Rural and Urban Areas; Tanzania,2012 Census ............................................................................................................... 13

Table 2.2: Enumerated Population by Record Type and Sex; Tanzania, 2012 Census .............. 14Table 2.3: Current Population Size and Growth Indicators; Tanzania, 1988, 2002 and 2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................... 15Table 2.4: Population Size and Growth Rate; Tanzania, 19882012 Censuses ......................... 18Table 2.5: Population Distribution by Region, Rural and Urban Areas; Tanzania, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 19Table 2.6: Population Size and Growth by Region and Rural - Urban; Tanzania, 1988-2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................... 20

Table 3.1: Population by Five Year Age Groups and Sex; Tanzania, 2012 Census .................. 22Table 3.2: Population by Five Year Age Groups and Sex; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census ........ 23Table 3.3: Population by Five Year Age Groups and Sex; Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census ....... 23Table 3.4: Population by Key Age Groups; Tanzania, 2012 Census ......................................... 28


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Table 5.5: Percentage of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year AgeGroups and Marital Status; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census ........................................ 46

Table 5.6: Percentage of Female Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year AgeGroups and Marital Status; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census ........................................ 47

Table 5.7: Percentage of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year Age Groupsand Marital Status; Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census ................................................... 47

Table 5.8: Percentage of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year AgeGroups and Marital Status; Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census ....................................... 48

Table 5.9: Percentage of Female Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year AgeGroups and Marital Status; Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census ....................................... 48

Table 5.10: Percentage of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Region and MaritalStatus; Tanzania, 2012 Census .................................................................................. 49

Table 5.11: Mean Age at First Marriage by Region and Sex; Tanzania, 2002 and 2012Censuses .................................................................................................................... 52

Table 6.1: Number and Percentage Distribution of Enumerated Population by Citizenship,Rural-Urban and Sex; Tanzania, 2012 Census .......................................................... 54

Table 6.2: Percentage Population by Age Group, Status of Birth Certificate and Sex;Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 55

Table 6.3: Percentage Population by Age Group, Status of Birth Certificate and Sex;


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Table 7.8: Regional Percentage of Persons by Survival Status of Parents; Tanzania, 2012Census: Urban ........................................................................................................... 65

Table 7.9: Percentage of Persons by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents;Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 66

Table 7.10: Percentage of Persons by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents;Tanzania, 2012 Census: Males .................................................................................. 66

Table 7.11: Percentage of Persons by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents;Tanzania, 2012 Census: Females .............................................................................. 66

Table 7.12: Percentage of Persons by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents;Tanzania, 2012 Census: Rural ................................................................................... 67

Table 7.13: Percentage of Persons by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents;Tanzania, 2012 Census: Urban .................................................................................. 67

Table 7.14: Percentage of Children below Age 18 Years by Region, Survival of Parents andSex; Tanzania, 2012 Census ...................................................................................... 69

Table 8.1: Number and Percentage of Households with Diaspora by Region and Rural-Urban; Tanzania, 2012 Census .................................................................................. 71

Table 8. 2: Number and Percentage of Households with Diaspora by Region and Number ofPersons; Tanzania, 2012 Census ............................................................................... 72

Table 8.3: Number and Percentage of Tanzanians as Reported at Household Level Living


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Table 9.8: Percentage of Population of Aged Five Years and Above by Literacy Status andRegion; Tanzania, 2012 Census ................................................................................ 87

Table 9.9: Percentage of Population Aged Five Years and Above by School AttendanceStatus and Sex; Tanzania, 2012 Census .................................................................... 89

Table 9.10: Percentage of Population Aged Five Years and Above by School AttendanceStatus; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census ........................................................................ 91

Table 9.11: Percentage of Population Aged Five Years and Above by School AttendanceStatus; Tanzania Urban, 2012 .................................................................................... 92

Table 9.12: Net Enrolment Rates in Primary Schools by Sex, Region, Rural and Urban;Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 97

Table 9.13: Population of Aged Five Years and Above by Level of Educational Attainment;Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 99

Table 10.1: Percentage of Total Population Aged 10 Years and Above by 5 Year Age Groupsand Type of Usual Activity; Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................. 102

Table 10.2: Percentage of Total Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year AgeGroups and Type of Usual Activity; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census ....................... 103

Table 10.3: Percentage of Total Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year AgeGroups and Type of Usual Activity; Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census ...................... 103

Table 10.4: Percentage of Total Male Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year


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Table 10.13: Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups andEmployment Status; Tanzania, 2012 Census .......................................................... 112

Table 10.14: Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Employment Status andRegion; Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................. 113

Table 10.15: Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups andMain Occupation; Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................. 115

Table 10.16: Percentage of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five YearAge Groups and Main Occupation by Region; Tanzania, 2012 Census ................. 116

Table 10.17: Percentage of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five YearAge Groups and Main Industry; Tanzania, 2012 Census ........................................ 119

Table 10.18: Percentage of Employed Population of Age 10 Years and above by Five YearAge Groups, Main Industry and Region; Tanzania, 2012 Census .......................... 120

Table 11.1: Number of Persons with Disability by Type of Disability and Region; Tanzania,2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 123

Table 11.2: Number and Percentage of Persons with Albinism by Five Year Age Groups andSex; Tanzania, 2012 Census .................................................................................... 125

Table 11.3: Number and Percentage of Persons with Albinism by Five Year Age Groups andSex; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census .......................................................................... 126

Table 11.4: Number and Percentage of Persons with Albinism by Five Year Age Groups and


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Table 12.6: Percentage of Households by Region and type of Wall Materials Used;Tanzania, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 139

Table 12.7: Percentage of Households by Number of Rooms for Sleeping and Region;Tanzania, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 142

Table 12.8: Percentage of Households by Region and Main Source of Drinking Water;Tanzania, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 144

Table 12. 9: Percentage of Households by Region and Main Source of Energy for Cooking;Tanzania, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 148

Table 12. 10: Percentage of Households by Region and Main Source of Energy for Lighting;Tanzania, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 151

Table 12.11: Percentage of Households by Region and Type of Toilet Facility; Tanzania,2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 156

Table 12.12: Percentage of Households by Region and Type of Refuse Disposal; Tanzania,2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 159

Table 12.13: Percentage of Households by Ownership of Assets Sex of the Household Head

and Region; Tanzania, 2012 Census ....................................................................... 161Table 12 14: Percentage by Membership of Social Security Scheme and Region; Tanzania,

2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 166

Table 13.1: Total Number of Households Engaged in Agriculture by Region, Rural and


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List of Figures

Figure 2.1: Average Annual Inter-Censal Population Growth Rates; Tanzania, 19672012Censuses .................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.2: Average Annual Inter-censal Population Growth Rates by Region, Tanzania20022012 Censuses ................................................................................................. 17

Figure 3.1: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania, 2012 Census ................. 24Figure 3.2: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census ......... 25Figure 3.3: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census ........ 25Figure 3.4: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Mainland, 2012 Census . 26Figure 3.5: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .. 26Figure 3.6: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania

2012 Census ............................................................................................................... 27Figure 3.7: Percentage of Young Population (0-14 Years); Tanzania 1988, 2002 and 2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................... 29Figure 3.8: Percentage of Youth Population (15-24 Years); Tanzania 1988, 2002 and 2012


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Figure 5. 3: Mean Age at First Marriage by Rural-Urban and Sex; Tanzania, 2002 and 2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................... 51Figure 5. 4: Mean Age at Marriage by Region; Tanzania, 2012 Census ...................................... 53

Figure 7. 1: Percentage of Children below Age 18 Years by Survival of Parents; Tanzania,2012 Census ............................................................................................................... 68

Figure 9. 1: Literacy for Persons Aged Five Years and Above by Sex, Rural and Urban Areas;Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 78

Figure 9. 2: Adult Literacy Rates by Sex, and Rural-Urban; Tanzania, 2012 Census .................. 80Figure 9. 3: Literacy Rates by Sex; Tanzania, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ...................................... 83Figure 9.4: Percentage of Population Aged Five Years and Above by and Literacy Status;

Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 84Figure 9.5: Percentage of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Literacy Status;

Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census .................................................................................... 86Figure 9.6: Percentage of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Literacy Status;

Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census ................................................................................... 86Figure 9.7: Percentage of Population Aged Five Years and Above by School Attendance

Status and Sex; Tanzania, 2012 Census .................................................................... 90


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Figure 12. 4: Percentage of Households by Type of Toilet Facility; Tanzania 2002 and 2012Censuses .................................................................................................................. 158

Figure 13.1: Percentage of Households Engaged in Agriculture by Rural and Urban; Tanzania,2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 169

Figure 13.2: Percentage of Households that Kept Livestock by Rural and Urban; Tanzania,2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 173


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List of Maps

Map 9.1: Literacy Status for Persons of Age 15 Years and Above by Region;Tanzania, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 81

Map 9.2: Net Enrolment Rates of Primary School Age Population ( 713 )Years byRegion; Tanzania, 2012 Census ................................................................................ 98

Map 12. 1: Percentage of Households that Used Pipe Water as the Main Source ofDrinking Water by Region; Tanzania, 2012 Census ............................................... 146

Map 12. 2: Percentage of Households Using Electricity as their Main Source of Energyfor Lighting by Region; Tanzania, 2012 Census ..................................................... 154


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List of Abbreviations

CHF - Community Health Fund

DCC - District Census Coordinator

DfID - Department for International Development

DRC - Democratic Republic of Congo

EA - Enumeration Area

EAC - East African Community

GER - Gross Enrolment Rate

GIS - Geographical Information System

GPS - Global Positioning System

JICA - Japanese International Co-operation Agency

MDAs - Ministries, Departments and Agencies

MHR - Member of House of Representatives

MP - Member of Parliament

NA - Not Applicable

NBS - National Bureau of Statistics


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Concepts and Definitions

Population and Housing Census

Census Night is a reference night of the Census. According to the Tanzania 2012 Population

and Housing Census, the Census night was the night of 25th/26thAugust, 2012.

De facto Methodologymeans persons were enumerated where they slept on the Census night.

Enumeration Area (EA)is a designated area with an average of 60 to 100 households.

Geographical Information System (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate,

analyse, manage and present all types of geographical data.

Optical Mark Reader (OMR) is the process of capturing data by optical scanner by measuring

the reflectivity of light at pre-determined positions on a surface.


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Authorities as urban (Countries differ in their definitions of urban, although it is fairly common

for the urban population to consist of those living in towns and cities of a few thousand persons

or more especially if the population of such areas is largely non-agricultural).

Population Size, Growth and Distribution

Population Growthrefers to the change inpopulation over time, and can be quantified as the

change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for measurement.

Population Growth Rate is the fractional rate at which the number of individuals in a

population increases. It specifically refers to the change in population over a unit time period,

often expressed as apercentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning

of that period.

Age and Sex Profile

Age is the number of years one had lived as at last birthday i.e. in reference to the census night.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction_(mathematics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction_(mathematics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population


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Young People are the population age 0 to 14 years.

Youth Population is the population aged 15-24 years (international definition). However,

according to Tanzanias Youth Policy, Youth Populationis the population aged 15 to 35 years.

Household Composition

Average Household Size is the average number of persons per private household. Average

household size is obtained by dividing the total number of persons living in private households

to the total number of private households.

Collective Households is a group of persons residing in one dwelling or compound having nohead of household. Boarding schools, hospitals and camps are examples of collective

households.

Head of Householdis a person who is acknowledged as such by other household members.


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Living Together is an act of persons who are not formally married but are in a consensual

unions or are living in a socially recognized stable unions.

Marriage is an act of persons who are living together or separately but are formally married

irrespective of the type of marriage, which may be customary, civil or religious marriage.

Mean Age at First Marriageis defined as the average length of single life expressed in years

among those who marry before age 50.

Never Married means persons who have remained single all their lives excluding persons who

have lived with another person and are now living alone.

Separated is the act of persons who were once married but now are living apart. Those who

live apart because their spouses are employed far away from home or for similar reasons are

considered to be married.

Widowed is the act of persons whose marriages were terminated by death and have not


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Literacy and Education

Educational Attainment is the highest grade completed according to the countrys

educational system. A grade is a stage of instruction usually covered in the course of a school

year.

Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)is defined as the number of children attending primary school

regardless of age divided by the total number of children age 7-13 years.

Literacy is the ability to read and write with an understanding a short simple sentence in

everyday life.

Literacy Rateis the percentage of a population that can read and write in Kiswahili, English,

both Kiswahili and English or in any other language(s) (2012 PHC).

Net Enrolment Rate (NER) is defined as the number of children age 7-13 years who are

attending school divided by the total number of children in that age group.


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Family Workeris a person working without payment in cash or kind in a family enterprise.

Full Time Student is a person who is not performing any economic activity during the

reference period due to schooling.

Home Maintenance Worker is a person, who during the reference period, performed

household chores without pay. These include cooking, cleanliness, caring for elderly, children

and the sick.

Non-Agriculture Worker is a person who performs work other than agriculture activities for

profit or family gain.

Not Looking but Available for Work is a person who, during the reference period, did not

perform any economic activity nor take any efforts to seek employment although he/she was

available for work.

Not Working but Looking for Work is a person who, during the reference period, did not

B i D hi d S i E i P fil


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Household Conditions and Amenities

Room for Sleeping is defined as any space within a dwelling which is currently used forsleeping by the household members. Any space within a dwelling can be termed as a room for

sleeping if currently used by the household members for sleeping purposes and can be a sitting

room, a dining room or even a store.

Social Security Fundis a fund that provides its members with long and short terms financialsecurity which can be used as social safety nets especially at older ages.

B i D hi d S i E i P fil


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Chapter One

Overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census

1.1 What is a Population Census?

A population census is the total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and

publishing or otherwise disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a

specified time, to all persons in a country or in a well delineated part of a country (United Nations).

Modern day censuses collect additional information on housing units inclusive of housing structural

characteristics, household amenities and living conditions and hence the title Population and

Housing Census.

1.1.1 A Brief History of Census Undertaking in Tanzania

The history of population counts or censuses in Tanzania dates back to 1910. The first modern

census was conducted in 1958. After the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964, a total of five

other censuses have been successfully conducted in 1967, 1978, 1988, 2002 and 2012. All the post-

Basic Demographic and Socio Economic Profile


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Data collected by the censuses show that

Tanzanias population increased from 12.3

million in 1967 to 44.9 million persons in 2012.

The average annual growth rate however, has

decreased from 3.3 percent between 1967 and

1978 to 2.7 percent in the 20022012 period.

1.2 Objective of the 2012 PHC

The 2012 PHC objective was to provide the Government with information on the size, distribution,

composition and other social economic characteristics of the population as well as information on

housing conditions. This information is important in providing updated benchmark data for

formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of population programmes and policies,

including Tanzania Development Vision 2025 and Vision 2020 for Tanzania Zanzibar.

1.3 Preparations for the 2012 PHC

1 3 1 Legal Framework



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The President of the United Republic of Tanzania, H.E. Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, his wife and

family being enumerated at the State House on 26th August 2012



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Basic Demographic and Socio Economic Profile

Planning. These were also the respective parent ministries of NBS and OCGS. The Regional and

District Census Committees chaired by Regional and District Commissioners were formed in each

region and district. They were responsible for ensuring that all Census activities were successfully

undertaken in their respective regions or districts. Members of these committees also included

representatives of main religious institutions in their respective regions and districts.

The Commissioner of Population Census and the Census Commissar (Zanzibar) were responsible

for educating, sensitizing and mobilizing people for the census exercise, resource mobilization and

acted as a link between the Government and National Bureau of Statistics and Office of the Chief

Government Statistician in Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar respectively. The Census

Commissioner was also in-charge of the data processing exercise.

1.3.3 Development of Census Instruments

The Census instruments (questionnaires, manuals and other census documents) were developed in

collaboration with national experts from higher learning institutions and national MDAs. The 2012

PHC questionnaires incorporated topics of previous censuses for comparison purposes, added new

topics to cater for current country needs, needs of other data users as well as other data producers in



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g p f

hotels or lodges, hospitals and travelers; as well as a community questionnaire that covered all

social amenities, land use pattern and environmental or natural features (e.g. water tanks, forest or

vegetation cover). All 2012 PHC instruments were paper-based.

Data collected were mainly demographic characteristics (Relationship, Sex, Age, Disability,

Marital Status, Citizenship and Place of Residence); Literacy and Education; Migration; Economic

Activity; Fertility; General and Maternal Mortality; Social Security Funds; Tanzanians Living

Abroad (Diaspora); Agriculture; Ownership of Assets and Housing Conditions.

1.3.4 Cartographic Work

Like previous censuses, the 2012 PHC enumeration was preceded by extensive cartographic work

covering the entire country. Besides its Census objective, the cartographic work also had other

equally important national applications. The main Censusrelated objective of cartographic work

was to delineate the entire country into Enumeration Areas (EAs) in order to produce large scale

maps required for Census operations. The EA sizes ranged from 60 to 100 households in both

Rural and Urban Areas.



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g p f

Unlike the previous population count undertaking, the 2012 PHC cartographic work fully took

advantage of available Geographical Information System (GIS) technology. In particular, the 2012

Census cartographic work used satellite imagery and aerial photography. Delineation of EA

boundaries was done using a Global Positioning Systems (GPS). In addition, coordinates of

prominent features existing in each particular EA were also picked and recorded. Overall, 108,000

EAs were delineated countrywide.

1.3.5 Pilot Census

One of the most important aspects of the Census preparations was to undertake a Pilot Census

enumeration a year before the actual Census enumeration. The Pilot Census was intended to test the

Census protocol for the 2012 PHC. The Pilot census started on the 2 ndOctober, 2011 and involved

a complete enumeration of the population in 44 randomly sampled Enumeration Areas (38 for

Tanzania Mainland and 6 for Tanzania Zanzibar). Experience and results obtained from the Pilot

Census, provided valuable inputs in the final preparations towards 2012 Population and Housing

Census enumeration.

1.3.6 Census Publicity and Advocacy Campaign

The 2012 PHC used intensive and extensive publicity and advocacy programmes to educate,



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Enumeration day was approaching. The live and extensive media coverage of the event provided,

not only the much needed momentum, but also a timely reminder of the 2012 PHC. The media

coverage campaign which lasted throughout the enumeration period, hooked the entire country to

the 2012 PHC.



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total of 200,000 enumerators and supervisors were recruited and trained to undertake the

enumeration.

1.4.2 Other Preparations for Enumeration

A range of other preparatory activities were carried out in the second and third weeks of August

2012. The activities included distribution of enumeration materials to supervisors and enumerators,

physical identification of EA boundaries and meeting the local authorities in their respective areas.

Zonal Supervisors and Regional Trainers moved around the country to make sure that all

supervisors and enumerators were well equipped for the enumeration roles or duties.

The Regional Census Coordinators were assisted by Assistant Census Coordinators. This team,

together with the Regional and District Census Committees coordinated and monitored preparatory

enumeration activities in their respective areas of jurisdiction.

1.4.3 Enumeration

The target population for the 2012 PHC was all persons who spent the night of 25th/26thAugust,

2012 within the borders of Tanzania. The actual enumeration was conducted by enumerators and



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The President of Zanzibar, H.E. Dr. Ali Mohamed Shein and his wife being enumerated at the Stateh



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1.4.4 Post Field Enumeration Activities

Supervisors collected the questionnaires and other Census materials from the enumerators and

handed them to the District Census Coordinator (DCC) after checking them for completeness and

accuracy. Thereafter, all materials including the questionnaires, EA maps and the population

summaries (SWMT 15A) were transported to the respective Regional Census Offices from where

they were in turn shipped to the Census Data Processing Centre at Kibaha, Pwani Region.

1.5 Data Processing

Data capture and processing of the 2012 PHC was carried out at the Census Data Processing Centre

in Kibaha, Pwani Region. Data processing started with validation of the EAs, followed by sorting

and separation of the questionnaires. The data was captured electronically from the questionnaires

using the Optical Mark Reader (OMR) scanning technology and through manual data entry for

special questionnaires such as community questionnaires. The scanning of the 2012 PHC

questionnaires was completed in a record time of 66 days, starting from the 25thSeptember, 2012 to

30thNovember, 2012. Manual data entry was completed on 12thDecember, 2012.



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A total of 420 temporary staff were recruited as scanner operators, data editors/entrants, batch

registers, box handlers and technicians. The registration and training of the staff started on 16 th up

to 24thSeptember 2012. During the scanning exercise, the staff worked for 24 hours in three shifts

of eight hours each. The whole process of data capture and compilation of basic counts was

completed in three months after receipt of questionnaires from the field. The basic counts at

National level were released by H.E. Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, the President of the United

Republic of Tanzania on 31stDecember, 2012.

Further editing, verification and tabulation of data collected was done in phases and the first

publication,Population Distribution by Administrative Unitswas launched by Honorable Mizengo

Peter Pinda, the Prime Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania on 5 thApril, 2013. The second

publication,Population Distribution by Age and Sexwas launched by Honorable Ambassador Seif

Ali Iddi, the Second Vice President, Zanzibar on 25th

September, 2013. The launching of other

publications will adhere to the Census Results Release Calendar that was posted on the NBS and

OCGS websites. The Release Calendar is reviewed as and when necessary.

1.6 Quality Assurance Procedures


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Chapter TwoPopulation Size, Growth and Distribution

2.1 Introduction

A population is a source of labour for production of goods and services and is responsible for the

consumption of various products. The size, structure, distribution and quality of a population are

among the important parameters for economic development. However, population growth increases

demand for food, water, energy and other natural resources for its survival and development, which

subsequently increases consumption of natural resources. The growth and distribution of the

population also determines the demand for and location of essential social services, such as

education, health, water, transport and housing. Sustainable socio-economic development simply

means improving the well-being of most people. However reducing poverty in a society without

environmental degradation is more difficult to achieve with a rapidly growing population. As such,

population growth should be kept at an appropriate level.



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Table 2.1: Enumerated Population by Record Type, Rural and Urban Areas; Tanzania, 2012 Census

Record typeTotal Rural Urban


Tanzania 44,928,923 100.00 31,623,919 100.00 13,305,004 100.00

Private Households 44,049,876 98.04 31,100,724 98.35 12,949,152 97.33

Special Institutions 38,241 0.09 19,256 0.06 18,985 0.14

Inmates Institutions 33,870 0.08 5,932 0.02 27,938 0.21

Hotel and Tourist Camps 92,808 0.21 27,117 0.09 65,691 0.49

Refugee Camps 117,493 0.26 116,628 0.37 865 0.01

Homeless People 24,915 0.06 17,606 0.06 7,309 0.05

Travellers/In-transit 23,976 0.05 9,291 0.03 14,685 0.11

Health Institutions/Facilities 39,867 0.09 13,701 0.04 26,166 0.20

Educational Institutions 117,309 0.26 44,780 0.14 72,529 0.55

Orphanage Centres 10,818 0.02 3,783 0.01 7,035 0.05

Cloves /Fishing/Timber Campsetc.

379,750 0.85 265,101 0.84 114,649 0.86

Tanzania Mainland 43,625,354 100.00 30,924,116 100.00 12,701,238 100.00





Refugee Camps 117,493 0.27 116,628 0.38 865 0.01

Homeless Person 24,095 0.06 17,449 0.06 6,646 0.05

Travellers/In transit 23 291 0 05 9 132 0 03 14 159 0 11



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Moreover, in private households female population was larger (22,665,168 persons) than male

population (21,384,708 persons). A similar pattern was observed in Tanzania Mainland and

Tanzania Zanzibar.

Table 2.2: Enumerated Population by Record Type and Sex; Tanzania, 2012 Census

Record type

Both Sexes Male Female


Tanzania 44,928,923 100.00 21,869,990 100.00 23,058,933 100.00





Refugee Camps 117,493 0.26 58,283 0.27 59,210 0.26

Homeless persons 24,915 0.06 18,208 0.08 6,707 0.03

Travellers/In-transit 23,976 0.05 15,521 0.07 8,455 0.04

Health Institutions/Facilities 39,867 0.09 13,687 0.06 26,180 0.11

Educational Institutions 117,309 0.26 56,756 0.26 60,553 0.26

Orphanage Centres 10,818 0.02 5,487 0.03 5,331 0.02

Cloves /Fishing/Timber Camps etc. 379,750 0.85 193,388 0.88 186,362 0.81





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2.3 Population Size and Growth

The total population of Tanzania in 2012 was 44.9 million. Out of that, 97.1 percent (43.6 million)

were in Tanzania Mainland and 2.9 percent (1.3 million) resided in Tanzania Zanzibar.

The 2002-2012 population growth rate of Tanzania and that Tanzania Mainland were the same (2.7

percent each). The population growth rate of Tanzania Zanzibar was 2.8 percent. The average

annual growth rate of Tanzania declined from 2.9 percent during the 1988-2002 to 2.7 percent

during the 2002-2012 inter-censal periods.

Table 2.3: Current Population Size and Growth Indicators; Tanzania, 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

Administrative

Unit

Population Size Changes

2002-2012(Percentage)

Growth Rate

(per annum)


Growth Rate

(per annum)


Doubling

Timefrom 2012

(Years)2002 2012

Tanzania 34,443,603 44,928,923 30.4 2.9 2.7 26

Tanzania Mainland 33,461,849 43,625,354 30.4 2.9 2.7 26

Tanzania Zanzibar 981,754 1,303,569 32.8 3.0 2.8 24



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Figure 2.1: Average Annual Inter-Censal Population Growth Rates; Tanzania, 19672012

Censuses

Figure 2 2 reveals that the average annual inter censal growth rates for the period 2002 2012 vary



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Figure 2.2: Average Annual Inter-censal Population Growth Rates by Region, Tanzania 20022012

Censuses



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Table 2.4: Population Size and Growth Rate by Region; Tanzania, 19882012 Censuses

Region

Population SizePercentage

Change

Growth Rate per

annum

Doubling Time

(years)

1988 2002 20121988-

2002

2002-

2012

1988-

2002

2002-

2012

1988-

2002

2002-

2012

Tanzania 23,095,882 34,443,603 44,928,923 49.1 30.4 2.9 2.7 24.3 26.1

Rural 18,848,610 26,500,042 31,622,016 40.6 19.3 2.4 1.8 28.5 39.2

Urban 4,247,272 7,943,561 13,306,907 87.0 67.5 4.5 5.2 15.5 13.4

Dodoma 1,235,327 1,692,025 2,083,588 37.0 23.1 2.2 2.1 30.8 33.3

Arusha 744,135 1,288,088 1,694,310 73.1 31.5 3.9 2.7 17.7 25.3

Kilimanjaro 1,104,673 1,376,702 1,640,087 24.6 19.1 1.6 1.8 44.1 39.6

Tanga 1,280,212 1,636,280 2,045,205 27.8 25.0 1.8 2.2 39.5 31.1

Morogoro 1,220,564 1,753,362 2,218,492 43.7 26.5 2.6 2.4 26.8 29.5

Pwani 636,103 885,017 1,098,668 39.1 24.1 2.4 2.2 29.4 32.1

Dar es Salaam 1,360,865 2,487,288 4,364,541 82.8 75.5 4.3 5.6 16.1 12.3

Lindi 646,494 787,624 864,652 21.8 9.8 1.4 0.9 49.1 74.3

Mtwara 889,100 1,124,481 1,270,854 26.5 13.0 1.7 1.2 41.3 56.6

Ruvuma 779,875 1,113,715 1,376,891 42.8 23.6 2.5 2.1 27.2 32.7

Iringa 1,193,074 840,404 941,238 25.0 12.0 1.6 1.1 43.5 61.2

Mbeya 1 476 278 2 063 328 2 707 410 39 8 31 2 2 4 2 7 29 0 25 5



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Table 2.5 shows that there are large variations in the regional population. Dar es Salaam region

with the population of 4,364,541 has 10 percent of the Tanzania Mainland population while Katavi

region with a population of 564,604 has the smallest proportion of 1.3 percent. Likewise, in

Tanzania Zanzibar, Mjini Magharibi region has the highest proportion of population of 45.5 percent

(593,678 persons) and Kusini Unguja region has the smallest proportion of 8.9 percent (115,588

persons).

Table 2.5: Population Distribution by Region, Rural and Urban Areas; Tanzania, 2012 Census

RegionTotal Rural Urban

Population Percentage Population Percentage Population Percentage

Tanzania 44,928,923 100.0 31,623,919 70.4 13,305,004 29.6


Dodoma 2,083,588 4.8 1,762,394 5.7 321,194 2.5

Arusha 1,694,310 3.9 1,135,188 3.7 559,122 4.4

Kilimanjaro 1,640,087 3.8 1,242,712 4.0 397,375 3.1

Tanga 2,045,205 4.7 1,604,297 5.2 440,908 3.5

Morogoro 2,218,492 5.1 1,582,434 5.1 636,058 5.0

Pwani 1,098,668 2.5 738,297 2.4 360,371 2.8

Dar es Salaam 4,364,541 10.0 N/A N/A 4,364,541 34.4

Lindi 864,652 2.0 702,603 2.3 162,049 1.3

Mtwara 1,270,854 2.9 979,350 3.2 291,504 2.3

Ruvuma 1,376,891 3.2 1,038,071 3.4 338,820 2.7



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Table 2.6 presents the rural and urban population change in Tanzania from 2002 to 2012 Population

Censuses. Rural population in 2012 was 31.6 million, an increase of 19.3 percent from the 2002

rural population. At the same period, urban population increased from 7.9 million in 2002 to 13.3

million in 2012, an increase of 67.5 percent. The region that recorded the largest rural population

change was Manyara (37.4 percent), whereas Pwani region recorded the smallest rural population

change of 5.7 percent. The table further shows that all the population in Dar es Salaam region is

urban. In Kaskazini Unguja region, the urban population increased by 612.7 percent.

Table 2.6: Population Size and Growth by Region and Rural - Urban; Tanzania, 1988-2012 Censuses

Region

Rural Urban

Population sizePercentage

ChangePopulation size

Percentage

Change

2002 2012 20022012 2002 2012 20022012

Tanzania 26,500,042 31,623,919 19.3 7,943,561 13,305,004 67.5

Dodoma 1,478,782 1,762,394 19.2 213,243 321,194 50.6Arusha 884,491 1,135,188 28.3 403,597 559,122 38.5

Kilimanjaro 1,088,611 1,242,712 14.2 288,091 397,375 37.9

Tanga 1,335,084 1,604,297 20.2 301,196 440,908 46.4

Morogoro 1,279,513 1,582,434 23.7 473,849 636,058 34.2

Pwani 698,156 738,297 5.7 186,861 360,371 92.9

Dar es Salaam 151,233 N/A N/A 2,336,055 4,364,541 86.8

Lindi 661,228 702,603 6.3 126,396 162,049 28.2

Mtwara 895,942 979,350 9.3 228,539 291,504 27.6


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Chapter Three

Age and Sex Profile

3.1 Quality of Age and Sex Data

Age and sex data are important and critical for understanding and using demographic and socio-

economic data to support development processes. They are vital for making key decisions in public

administration such as determining the segments of the population which qualify for school

enrolment, voting, labour force participation, pensions, provision of health services, food and

shelter, and for population forecasting. The age and sex data is also used to calculate levels of

fertility and mortality which are vital components of population dynamics and subsequently for

population growth forecasting.

In many developing countries, the quality of data on age is affected by age misreporting mainly due

to ignorance of correct age, carelessness in reporting and recording, and age preferences. As was

the case with preceding censuses in Tanzania, the 2012 Census information on age and sex was

ll t d i b th h t d l ti i All h t th i ht i th



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3.2 Age and Sex Profile

3.2.1 Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups

Tables 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 present the distribution of population by five year age groups, sex ratio and

place of enumeration.

Sex ratio by age groups provides an important index of possible age misreporting. Under normal

circumstances, the general trend of sex ratio is to gradually decline with age, eventually falling

below 100, whereby the number of females begins to exceed the number of males and the

difference grows larger with advancing ages.

The overall sex ratio for Tanzania was 95 males for every 100 females, 96 for Tanzania Rural and

93 for Tanzania Urban which indicates an excess of female over male population. However, the

sex ratio at age groups 0-4 and 5-9 was equal to 100 indicating an equal number of females and

males in that particular age group.

Table 3.1: Population by Five Year Age Groups and Sex; Tanzania, 2012 Census




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Table 3.2: Population by Five Year Age Groups and Sex; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census

Age Group


Sex Ratio

Number Percentage Male Percentage Female Percentage

Total 31,623,919 100.0 15,462,594 100.0 16,161,325 100.0 95.7

04 5,509,540 17.4 2,754,812 17.8 2,754,728 17.0 100.0

59 5,084,225 16.1 2,556,674 16.5 2,527,551 15.6 101.2

1014 4,301,929 13.6 2,177,956 14.1 2,123,973 13.1 102.5

1519 3,067,193 9.7 1,550,328 10.0 1,516,865 9.4 102.2

2024 2,447,833 7.7 1,119,907 7.2 1,327,926 8.2 84.3

2529 2,089,548 6.6 946,047 6.1 1,143,501 7.1 82.73034 1,827,646 5.8 853,103 5.5 974,543 6.0 87.5

3539 1,591,593 5.0 755,386 4.9 836,207 5.2 90.3

4044 1,284,196 4.1 623,480 4.0 660,716 4.1 94.4

4549 1,039,836 3.3 491,702 3.2 548,134 3.4 89.7

5054 867,156 2.7 425,262 2.8 441,894 2.7 96.2

5559 555,054 1.8 275,299 1.8 279,755 1.7 98.4

6064 577,289 1.8 279,227 1.8 298,062 1.8 93.7

6569 381,087 1.2 181,814 1.2 199,273 1.2 91.27074 379,284 1.2 180,066 1.2 199,218 1.2 90.4

7579 234,970 0.7 117,131 0.8 117,839 0.7 99.4

80+ 385,540 1.2 174,400 1.1 211,140 1.3 82.6

Median Age 16.4 15.7 17.1



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3.2.2 Population Pyramid

A population pyramid shows the age structure of a population. Figures 3.1 to 3.6 show population

pyramids by five year age groups and place of enumeration. Figures 3.1 to 3.5 have broad basesindicative of high fertility and mortality rates and a youthful age structure. These shapes are

representative of the age-sex composition of many other African countries. However, a typical

pyramid for major urban centres has a different structure. For example, the pyramid for Dar es

Salaam (Figure 3.6) which is the major commercial city of the country shows a bulge in age group

2029 an indication of youth in-migration from other regions.

Figure 3.1: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania, 2012 Census



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Figure 3.2: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Rural, 2012 Census

Figure 3.3: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Urban, 2012 Census



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Figure 3.4: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Mainland, 2012 Census

Figure 3.5: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census



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Figure 3.6: Population Pyramid for Five Year Age Groups; Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania

2012 Census

3.3 Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups



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Table 3.4: Population by Key Age Groups; Tanzania, 2012 Census

Population Group

Tanzania Tanzania Mainland Tanzania Zanzibar


Total Population 44,928,923 100.0 43,625,354 100.0 1,303,569 100.0

Male 21,869,990 48.7 21,239,313 48.7 630,677 48.4

Female 23,058,933 51.3 22,386,041 51.3 672,892 51.6

Children (Under 1 year) 1,499,389 3.3 1,457,151 3.3 42,238 3.2

Male 747,826 3.4 726,536 3.4 21,290 3.4

Female 751,563 3.3 730,615 3.3 20,948 3.1

Children (04 years) 7,273,832 16.2 7,069,895 16.2 203,937 15.6

Male 3,637,982 16.6 3,535,673 16.6 102,309 16.2

Female 3,635,850 15.8 3,534,222 15.8 101,628 15.1


Male 9,864,400 45.1 9,586,897 45.1 277,503 44.0

Female 9,861,056 42.8 9,584,210 42.8 276,846 41.1


Male 11,240,635 51.4 10,922,412 51.4 318,223 50.5

Female 11,263,891 48.8 10,943,846 48.9 320,045 47.6

Youth Population (1524 years) 8,562,875 19.1 8,297,772 19.0 265,103 20.3

Male 4,032,029 18.4 3,909,204 18.4 122,825 19.5

Female 4,530,846 19.6 4,388,568 19.6 142,278 21.1

Youth Population (1535 years) 15,587,621 34.7 15,115,987 34.6 471,634 36.2



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3.3.1 Young Population (0-14 Years)

The proportion of population below 15 years of age declined slightly from 46 percent in 1988

Census to 44 percent in 2012 Census as shown in Figure 3.7. This marginal decline indicates a slowpace of fertility decline in the country over the 24 years period.

Figure 3.7: Percentage of Young Population (0-14 Years); Tanzania 1988, 2002 and 2012

Censuses


i 3 8 f i (1 24 ) i 1988 2002 2012


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Figure 3.8: Percentage of Youth Population (15-24 Years); Tanzania 1988, 2002 and 2012

Censuses

19.1 19.1 19.419.6 19.6

20.0

19.1 19.0

20.3

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0


Percentage

1988 2002 2012


Fi 3 9 P t f th Y th P l ti (15 35 Y ) T i 2002 d 2012


71/245

Figure 3.9: Percentage of the Youth Population (15-35 Years); Tanzania 2002 and 2012

Censuses

35.60 35.6036.24

34.70 34.60

36.20

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00


Percentage

2002 2012


Figure 3 10: Percentage of the Working Age Population (15 64 Years); Tanzania 1988 2002


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Figure 3.10: Percentage of the Working Age Population (15-64 Years); Tanzania 1988, 2002

and 2012 Censuses

49.9 50.0 50.4

51.9 51.8

52.752.2 52.2

54.7

40.0

42.0

44.0

46.0

48.0

50.0

52.0

54.0

56.0

58.0

60.0


Percentage

1988 2002 2012

More than half (52 percent)of Tanzanian population isof working age.


Figure 3 11: Percentage of the Population Aged 60 Years and Above; Tanzania 1988 2002 and


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Figure 3.11: Percentage of the Population Aged 60 Years and Above; Tanzania 1988, 2002 and

2012 Censuses

6.2 6.26.4

5.7 5.7

4.6

5.6 5.6

4.5

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0


Percentage

1988 2002 2012


Figure 3 12: Age Dependency Ratio; Tanzania Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar


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Figure 3.12: Age Dependency Ratio; Tanzania, Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar,

1967 to 2012 Censuses

97.898.8

90.9

101.0 100.7

113.7

100.2 100.0

104.3

93.0 93.092.091.5 91.7

83.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

120.0


Percentage

1967 1978 1988 2002 2012


Chapter Four


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Chapter Four

Household Composition

4.1 Introduction

The 2012 PHC collected information from private and collective households. The information,

which was based on household characteristics and composition, included the number of persons in

households, their sex and relationship to the household head.

A private household was defined as a person or group of persons who reside in the same homestead

or compound but not necessarily in the same dwelling unit, having the same cooking arrangements,

and are answerable to the same household head. However, in consideration of the fact that the 2012

PHC enumeration was de facto, some modifications were made to the above definition. Forinstance, visitors were also included as members of the household if they were present in the

household on the census night. On the other hand, usual members of the household were excluded

if they had spent the census night outside the household, unless they were away on night duty or

were on fishing or hunting trip and the like.


Table 4.1: Total Number of Private Households by Rural-Urban, Age and Sex of Head of Household; Tanzania, 2012 Census

Total Rural Urban


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36

Age Group

Total Rural Urba

tanzania basic demographic and socio-economic profile - 2014

Documents

tanzania mainland

housing census phc

census commissar

census operations

zanzibar development

zanzibar strategy

population size growth

development planning