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NGUYN CNG KIT

BI TP CHUYN

ANCOL - PHENOL

Nng, ngy 05 thng 08 nm 2017

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Lu gim ti

DN XUT HALOGEN - PHENOL - ANCOL

Cu 1 : S ng phn ca C4H9Br l

A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.

Cu 2: S ng phn dn xut halogen bc I c CTPT C4H9Cl l

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 3: S ng phn mch h (k c ng phn hnh hc) ca cht c CTPT l C3H5Br l

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 4: Mt hp cht hu c Z c % khi lng ca C, H, Cl ln lt l : 14,28% ; 1,19% ; 84,53%. CTPT ca Z l

A. CHCl2. B. C2H2Cl4. C. C2H4Cl2. D. mt kt qu khc.

Cu 5: Dn xut halogen khng c ng phn cis-trans l

A. CHCl=CHCl. B. CH2=CH-CH2F. C. CH3CH=CBrCH3.D. CH3CH2CH=CHCHClCH3.

Cu 6: Danh php IUPAC ca dn xut halogen c cng thc cu to : ClCH2CH(CH3)CHClCH3 l

A. 1,3-iclo-2-metylbutan. B. 2,4-iclo-3-metylbutan.

C. 1,3-iclopentan. D. 2,4-iclo-2-metylbutan.

Cu 7: Cho cc cht sau: C6H5CH2Cl ; CH3CHClCH3 ; Br2CHCH3 ; CH2=CHCH2Cl. Tn gi ca cc cht trn ln lt

l

A. benzyl clorua ; isopropyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; anlyl clorua.

B. benzyl clorua ; 2-clopropan ; 1,2-ibrometan ;1-cloprop-2-en.

C. phenyl clorua ; isopropylclorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.

D. benzyl clorua ; n-propyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.

Cu 8: Cho cc dn xut halogen sau : C2H5F (1) ; C2H5Br (2) ; C2H5I (3) ; C2H5Cl (4) th t gim dn nhit si

l

A. (3)>(2)>(4)>(1). B. (1)>(4)>(2)>(3). C. (1)>(2)>(3)>(4). D. (3)>(2)>(1)>(4).

Cu 9: Nh dung dch AgNO3 vo ng nghim cha mt t dn xut halogen CH2=CHCH2Cl, lc nh. Hin tng xy

ra l

A. Thot ra kh mu vng lc. B. xut hin kt ta trng.

C. khng c hin tng. D. xut hin kt ta vng.

Cu 10: a. Sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch HBr ca CH3CH(CH3)CHBrCH3 l

A. 2-metylbut-2-en. B. 3-metylbut-2-en. C. 3-metyl-but-1-en. D. 2-metylbut-1-en.

b. Sn phm chnh to thnh khi cho 2-brombutan tc dng v i dung dch OH ancol, un nng

A. metylxiclopropan. B. but-2-ol. C. but-1-en. D. but-2-en.

Cu 11: un nng 13,875 gam mt ankyl clorua Y v i dung dch NaOH, tch b l p hu c, axit ha phn cn li

bng dung dch HNO3, nh tip vo dd AgNO3 thy to thnh 21,525 gam kt ta. CTPT ca Y l

A. C2H5Cl. B. C3H7Cl. C. C4H9Cl. D. C5H11Cl.

Cu 12: S tch hiro halogenua ca dn xut halogen X c CTPT C4H9Cl cho 3 olefin ng phn, X l cht no

trong nhng cht sau y ?

A. n- butyl clorua. B. sec-butyl clorua. C. iso-butyl clorua. D. tert-butyl clorua.

Cu 13: Cho hp cht thm : ClC6H4CH2Cl + dung dch OH (long, d, to) ta thu c cht no ?

A. HOC6H4CH2OH. B. ClC6H4CH2OH. C. HOC6H4CH2Cl. D. KOC6H4CH2OH.

Cu 14: Cho hp cht thm : ClC6H4CH2Cl + dung dch OH (c, d, to, p) ta thu c cht no?

A. KOC6H4CH2OK. B. HOC6H4CH2OH. C. ClC6H4CH2OH. D. KOC6H4CH2OH.

Cu 15: Thy phn dn xut halogen no sau y s thu c ancol ?

(1) CH3CH2Cl. (2) CH3CH=CHCl. (3) C6H5CH2Cl. (4) C6H5Cl.

A. (1), (3). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (2), (4). D.(1), (2), (3), (4).

Cu 16: a. un si dn xut halogen X v i n c mt thi gian, sau thm dung dch AgNO3 vo thy xut hin kt

ta. X l

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A. CH2=CHCH2Cl. B. CH3CH2CH2Cl. C. C6H5CH2Br. D. A hoc C.

b. un si dn xut halogen X v i dung dch NaOH long mt thi gian, sau thm dung dch AgNO3 vo thy

xut hin kt ta. X khng th l

A. CH2=CHCH2Cl. B. CH3CH2CH2Cl. C. C6H5CH2Cl. D. C6H5Cl.

Cu 17: hi un nng dn xut halogen X v i dung dch NaOH to thnh hp cht anehit axetic. Tn ca hp cht X

l

A. 1,2- ibrometan. B. 1,1- ibrometan. C. etyl clorua. D. A v B ng.

Cu 18: Hp cht X c cha vng benzen v c CTPT l C7H6Cl2. Thy phn X trong NaOH c

(to cao, p cao) thu c cht Y c CTPT l C7H7O2Na. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu CTCT ?

A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.

Cu 19: Cho s phn ng sau:

CH3

XBr2/as Y

Br2/Fe, to

Zdd NaOH

TNaOH n/c, to, p

X, Y, Z, T c cng thc ln lt l

A. p-CH3C6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4OH.

B. CH2BrC6H5, p-CH2Br-C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4Br, p-HOCH2C6H4OH.

C. CH2Br-C6H5, p-CH2Br-C6H4Br, p-CH3C6H4OH, p-CH2OHC6H4OH.

D. p-CH3C6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4Br, p-CH2BrC6H4OH, p-CH2OHC6H4OH.

Cu 20: Cho s phn ng sau : CH4 X Y Z T C6H5OH. (X, Y, Z l cc cht hu c khc nhau). Z l

A. C6H5Cl. B. C6H5NH2. C. C6H5NO2. D. C6H5ONa.

Cu 21: X l dn xut clo ca etan. un nng X trong NaOH d thu c cht hu c Y va tc dng v i Na va tc

dng v i Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. Vy X l

A. 1,1,2,2-tetracloetan. B. 1,2-icloetan. C. 1,1-icloetan. D. 1,1,1-tricloetan.

Cu 22: Cho 5 cht: CH3CH2CH2Cl (1); CH2=CHCH2Cl (2); C6H5Cl (3); CH2=CHCl (4);

C6H5CH2Cl (5). un tng cht v i dung dch NaOH long, d, sau gn ly l p n c v axit ho bng dung dch

HNO3, sau nh vo dung dch AgNO3 th cc cht c xut hin kt ta trng l

A. (1), (3), (5). B. (2), (3), (5). C. (1), (2), (3), (5). D. (1), (2), (5).

Cu 23: Cho s chuyn ho : Benzen A B C A axit picric. B l

A. phenylclorua. B. o Crezol. C. Natri phenolat. D. Phenol.

Cu 24: Cho s phn ng : NaOHCCl YX

02 500, ancol anlylic. X l cht no sau y ?

A. Propan. B. Xiclopropan. C. Propen. D. Propin.

Cu 25: Cho s sau : C2H5Br ete,Mg

A 2CO

B HCl

C. C c cng thc l

A. CH3COOH. B. CH3CH2COOH. C. CH3CH2OH. D. CH3CH2CH2COOH.

Cu 26: Cho bt Mg vo ietyl ete khan, khuy mnh, khng thy hin tng g. Nh t t vo etyl bromua, khuy

u th Mg tan dn thu c dung dch ng nht. Cc hin tng trn c gii thch nh sau:

A. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete m tan trong etyl bromua.

B. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete, Mg phn ng v i etyl bromua thnh etyl magiebromua tan trong ete.

C. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete nhng tan trong hn hp ietyl ete v etyl bromua.

D. Mg khng tan trong ietyl ete, Mg phn ng v i etyl bromua thnh C2H5Mg tan trong ete.

Cu 27: Cho s : C6H6 X Y Z m-HOC6H4NH2. X, Y, Z tng ng l A. C6H5NO2, m-ClC6H4NO2, m-HOC6H4NO2. B. C6H5NO2, C6H5NH2, m-HOC6H4NO2.

C. C6H5Cl, m-ClC6H4NO2, m-HOC6H4NO2. D. C6H5Cl, C6H5OH, m-HOC6H4NO2.

Cu 28: Cng thc dy ng ng ca ancol etylic l

A. CnH2n + 2O. B. ROH. C. CnH2n + 1OH. D. Tt c u ng.

Cu 29: Cng thc no d i y l cng thc ca ancol no, mch h chnh xc nht ?

A. R(OH)n. B. CnH2n + 2O. C. CnH2n + 2Ox. D. CnH2n + 2 x (OH)x.

Cu 30: un nng mt ancol X v i H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c mt olefin duy nht. Cng thc tng

qut ca X l (v i n > 0, n nguyn)

A. CnH2n + 1OH. B. ROH. C. CnH2n + 2O. D. CnH2n + 1CH2OH.

Cu 31: Tn quc t ca hp cht c cng thc CH3CH(C2H5)CH(OH)CH3 l

A. 4-etyl pentan-2-ol. B. 2-etyl butan-3-ol. C. 3-etyl hexan-5-ol. D. 3-metyl pentan-2-ol.

Cu 32: Mt ancol no c cng thc thc nghim l (C2H5O)n. CTPT ca ancol c th l

A. C2H5O. B. C4H10O2. C. C4H10O. D. C6H15O3.

Cu 33: Ancol no, n chc c 10 nguyn t H trong phn t c s ng phn l

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A. 5. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.

Cu 34: Mt ancol no n chc c %H = 13,04% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l

A. C6H5CH2OH. B. CH3OH. C. C2H5OH. D. CH2=CHCH2OH.

Cu 35: Mt ancol no n chc c %O = 50% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l

A. C3H7OH. B. CH3OH. C. C6H5CH2OH. D. CH2=CHCH2OH.

Cu 36: C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca chng

c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18% ?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 37: C bao nhiu ng phn c cng thc phn t l C4H10O ?

A. 6. B. 7. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 38: C bao nhiu ancol bc III, c cng thc phn t C6H14O ?

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 39: C bao nhiu ancol thm, cng thc C8H10O ?

A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.

Cu 40: C bao nhiu ancol thm, cng thc C8H10O khi tc dng v i CuO un nng cho ra anehit?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 41: C bao nhiu ancol C5H12O khi tch n c ch to mt anken duy nht?

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 42: S ng phn ancol ng v i CTPT C5H12O l

A. 8. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.

Cu 43: S ng phn ancol ti a ng v i CTPT C3H8Ox l

A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. khng xc nh c.

Cu 44: X l ancol mch h c cha 1 lin kt i trong phn t. khi lng phn t ca X nh hn 60. CTPT ca X

l

A. C3H6O. B. C2H4O. C. C2H4(OH)2. D. C3H6(OH)2.

Cu 45: A, B, D l 3 ng phn c c ng cng thc phn t C3H8O. Bit A tc dng v i CuO un nng cho ra andehit,

cn B cho ra xeton. Vy D l

A. Ancol bc III. B. Cht c nhit si cao nht.

C. Cht c nhit si thp nht. D. Cht c kh nng tch n c to anken duy nht.

Cu 46: X, Y, Z l 3 ancol lin tip trong dy ng ng, trong MZ = 1,875MX. X c c im l

A. Tch n c to 1 anken duy nht. B. Ha tan c Cu(OH)2.

C. Cha 1 lin kt trong phn t. D. hng c ng phn c ng chc hoc khc chc. Cu 47: Ancol X n chc, no, mch h c t khi hi so v i hiro bng 37. Cho X tc dng v i H2SO4 c un nng

n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. X l

A. propan-2-ol. B. butan-2-ol. C. butan-1-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.

Cu 48: Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng v i HBr c dn xut Y cha 58,4% brom v khi lng. un X

v i H2SO4 c 170oC c 3 anken. Tn X l

A. pentan-2-ol. B. butan-1-ol. C. butan-2-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.

Cu 49: Mt cht X c CTPT l C4H8O. X lm mt mu n c brom, tc dng v i Na. Sn phm oxi ha X bi CuO

khng phi l anehit. Vy X l

A. but-3-en-1-ol. B. but-3-en-2-ol. C. 2-metylpropenol. D. tt c u sai.

Cu 50: Bc ca ancol l

A. bc cacbon l n nht trong phn t. B. bc ca cacbon lin kt v i nhm -OH.

C. s nhm chc c trong phn t. D. s cacbon c trong phn t ancol.

Cu 51: Bc ancol ca 2-metylbutan-2-ol l

A. bc 4. B. bc 1. C. bc 2. D. bc 3.

Cu 52: Cc ancol c phn loi trn c s

A. s lng nhm OH. B. c im cu to ca gc hirocacbon.

C. bc ca ancol. D. Tt c cc c s trn.

Cu 53: Cc ancol (CH3)2CHOH ; CH3CH2OH ; (CH3)3COH c bc ancol ln lt l

A. 1, 2, 3. B. 1, 3, 2. C. 2, 1, 3. D. 2, 3, 1.

Cu 54: Cu no sau y l ng ?

A. Hp cht CH3CH2OH l ancol etylic. B. Ancol l hp cht hu c trong phn t nhm -OH.

C. Hp cht C6H5CH2OH l phenol. D. Tt c u ng.

Cu 55: Ancol etylic tan tt trong n c v c nhit si cao hn hn so v i ankan v cc dn xut halogen c khi

lng phn t xp x v i n v

A. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic tc dng v i Na.

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B. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro v i n c.

C. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro lin phn t.

D. B v C u ng.

Cu 56: A, B, C l 3 cht hu c c c ng cng thc CxHyO. Bit % O (theo khi lng) trong A l 26,66%. Cht c

nhit si thp nht trong s A, B, C l

A. propan-2-ol. B. propan-1-ol. C. etylmetyl ete. D. propanal.

Cu 57: Ancol etylic c ln mt t n c, c th d ng cht no sau y lm khan ancol ?

A. CaO. B. CuSO4 khan. C. P2O5. D. tt c u c.

Cu 58: Phng php iu ch ancol etylic t cht no sau y l phng php sinh ha ?

A. Anehit axetic. B. Etylclorua. C. Tinh bt. D. Etilen.

Cu 59: Anken thch hp iu ch 3-etylpentan-3-ol bng phn ng hirat ha l

A. 3,3-imetyl pent-2-en. B. 3-etyl pent-2-en. C. 3-etyl pent-1-en. D. 3-etyl pent-3-en.

Cu 60: Hirat ha 2-metyl but-2-en thu c sn phm chnh l

A. 2-metyl butan-2-ol. B. 3-metyl butan-1-ol. C. 3-metyl butan-2-ol. D. 2-metyl butan-1-ol.

Cu 61: Hirat ha propen v mt olefin A thu c 3 ancol c s C trong phn t khng qu 4. Tn ca A l A.

etilen. B. but-2-en. C. isobutilen. D. A, B u ng.

Cu 62: X l hn hp gm hai anken ( th kh trong k thng). Hirat ha X c hn hp Y gm 4 ancol (khng

c ancol bc III). X gm

A. propen v but-1-en. B. etilen v propen.

C. propen v but-2-en. D. propen v 2-metylpropen.

Cu 63: Hirat ha 2 anken c hn hp Z gm 2 ancol lin tip trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 0,53 gam

Z ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,05M c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH

l 0,025M ( i s th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). Cng thc cu to ca2 anken l

A. CH2=CH2 v CH2=CHCH3. B. CH2=CHCH3 v CH2=CHCH2CH3.

C. CH2=CHCH3 v CH3CH=CHCH3. D. CH2=CHCH3 v CH2=C(CH3)2.

Cu 64: Mt chai ng ancol etylic c nhn ghi 25o c ngha l

A. c 100 ml n c th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.

B. c 100 gam dung dch th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.

C. c 100 gam dung dch th c 25 gam ancol nguyn cht.

D. c 75 ml n c th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.

Cu 65: Pha a gam ancol etylic (d = 0,8 g/ml) vo n c c 80 ml ancol 25o. i tr a l

A. 16. B. 25,6. C. 32. D. 40.

Cu 66: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng v i ancol etylic l

A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (t

o), CH3COOH (xc tc). B. Ca, CuO (t

o), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.

C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc). D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CHCO)2O.

Cu 67: Cho cc hp cht sau :

(a) HOCH2CH2OH. (b) HOCH2CH2CH2OH. (c) HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH.

(d) CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. (e) CH3CH2OH. (f) CH3OCH2CH3.

Cc cht u tc dng c v i Na, Cu(OH)2 l

A. (a), (b), (c). B. (c), (d), (f). C. (a), (c), (d). D. (c), (d), (e).

Cu 68: a. Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng) :

Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l

A. CH3COOH, CH3OH. B. C2H4, CH3COOH.

C. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH.

b. Cho s chuyn ho : lucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l

A. CH3CH2OH v CH=CH. B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. C. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH. D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.

Cu 69: Cho Na tc dng va v i 1,24 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc X, Y, Z thy thot ra 0,336 lt kh H2 (kc).

hi lng mui natri ancolat thu c l

A. 2,4 gam. B. 1,9 gam. C. 2,85 gam. D. 3,8 gam.

Cu 70: Cho 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht v i 4,6 gam Na c

12,25 gam cht rn. l 2 ancol

A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.

C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.

Cu 71: 13,8 gam ancol A tc dng v i Na d gii phng 5,04 lt H2 ktc, bit MA < 100. Vy A c cng thc cu

to thu gn l

A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H6(OH)2. D. C3H5(OH)3.

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Cu 72: C hai th nghim sau :

TN 1: Cho 6 gam ancol no, mch h, n chc A tc dng v i m gam Na, thu c 0,075 gam H2.

TN 2: Cho 6 gam ancol no, mch h, n chc A tc dng v i 2m gam Na, thu c khng t i 0,1 gam H2. A c cng

thc l

A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H7OH. D. C4H7OH.

Cu 73: Cho 12,8 gam dung dch ancol A (trong n c) c nng 71,875% tc dng v i lng Na d thu c 5,6 lt

kh (ktc). Cng thc ca ancol A l

A. CH3OH. B. C2H4 (OH)2. C. C3H5(OH)3. D. C4H7OH.

Cu 74: Ancol A tc dng v i Na d cho s mol H2 bng s mol A d ng. t chy hon ton A c mCO2 =

1,833mH2O. A c cu to thu gn l

A. C2H4(OH)2. B. C3H6(OH)2. C. C3H5(OH)3. D. C4H8(OH)2.

Cu 75: un 12 gam axit axetic v i 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t t i trng thi cn

bng thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l

A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%.

Cu 76: hi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este l n nht thu c l 2 3

mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ho 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l

(bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin c ng nhit )

A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456.

Cu 77: hi un nng butan-2-ol v i H2SO4 c 170oC th nhn c sn phm chnh l

A. but-2-en. B. ibutyl ete. C. ietyl ete. D. but-1-en.

Cu 78: hi un nng 2 trong s 4 ancol CH4O, C2H6O, C3H8O v i xc tc, nhit thch hp ch thu c 1 olefin

duy nht th 2 ancol l

A. CH4O v C2H6O. B. CH4O v C3H8O. C. A, B ng. D. C3H8O v C2H6O.

Cu 79: hi tch n c ca ancol C4H10O c hn hp 3 anken ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc).

Cng thc cu to thu gn ca ancol l

A. CH3CHOHCH2CH3. B. (CH3)2CHCH2OH.

C. (CH3)3COH. D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.

Cu 80: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C5H12O, khi tch n c to hn hp 3 anken ng phn (k c

ng phn hnh hc). X c cu to thu gn l

A. CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH3. B. (CH3)3CCH2OH.

C. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH. D. CH3CH2CH2CHOHCH3.

Cu 81: hi un nng hn hp ancol etylic v ancol isopropylic v i H2SO4 c 140oC c th thu c s ete ti a

l

A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.

Cu 82: hi un nng hn hp gm C2H5OH v C3H7OH v i H2SO4 c 140oC c th thu c s ete ti a l

A. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.

Cu 83: un nng hn hp gm 3 ancol l AOH, BOH v OH v i H2SO4 c 140oC th thu c ti a bao nhiu

ete ?

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.

Cu 84: un nng hn hp n ancol n chc khc nhau v i H2SO4 c 140oC th s ete thu c ti a l

A. 2

1)n(n . B.

2

1)2n(n . C.

2

2n. D. n!

Cu 85: Cho s chuyn ha : But-1-en HCl

A NaOH

B C170 , SOH oc 42 E

Tn ca E l

A. propen. B. ibutyl ete. C. but-2-en. D. isobutilen.

Cu 86: un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v i H2SO4 c

140oC. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam n c. Cng thc phn t ca

hai ru trn l


C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. Cu 87: un nng t t hn hp etanol v propan-2-ol v i H2SO4 c c th thu c ti a s sn phm hu c l

A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4.

Cu 88: C bao nhiu ng phn ng v i cng thc phn t C8H10O, u l dn xut ca benzen, khi tch n c cho

sn phm c th tr ng hp to polime ?

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 89: A l ancol n chc c % O (theo khi lng) l 18,18%. A cho phn ng tch n c to 3 anken. A c tn l

7

A. Pentan-1-ol. B. 2-metylbutan-2-ol. C. pentan-2-ol. D. 2,2-imetyl propan-1-ol.

Cu 90: hirat ha 14,8 gam ancol thu c 11,2 gam anken. CTPT ca ancol l

A. C2H5OH. B. C3H7OH. C. C4H9OH. D. CnH2n + 1OH.

Cu 91: un nng hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc lin tip trong dy ng ng v i H2SO4 c 140oC. Sau phn

ng c hn hp Y gm 5,4 gam n c v 19,4 gam 3 ete. Hai ancol ban u l


C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.

Cu 92: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol CH3OH v 0,2 mol C2H5OH v i H2SO4 c 140oC, khi lng ete thu

c l

A. 12,4 gam. B. 7 gam. C. 9,7 gam. D. 15,1 gam.

Cu 93: un nng ancol n chc X v i H2SO4 c 140oC thu c Y. T khi hi ca Y i v i X l 1,4375. X l


Cu 94: un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h v i H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp gm cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam

mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hai ancol l

A. C2H5OH v CH2=CHCH2OH. B. C2H5OH v CH3OH.

C. CH3OH v C3H7OH. D. CH3OH v CH2=CHCH2OH.

Cu 95: hi un nng mt ancol n chc no A v i H2SO4 c iu kin nhit thch hp thu c sn phm B

c t khi hi so v i A l 0,7. Vy cng thc ca A l

A. C4H7OH. B. C3H7OH. C. C3H5OH. D. C2H5OH.

Cu 96: un nng mt ru (ancol) n chc X v i dung dch HSO4 c trong iu kin nhit thch hp sinh ra

cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so v i Y l 1,6428. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C3H8O. B. C2H6O. C. CH4O. D. C4H8O.

Cu 97: Ch ra dy cc cht khi tch n c to 1 anken duy nht ?

A. Metanol ; etanol ; butan -1-ol.

B. Etanol; butan -1,2-iol ; 2-metylpropan-1-ol.

C. Propanol-1; 2-metylpropan-1-ol; 2,2 imetylpropan-1-ol.

D. Propan-2-ol ; butan -1-ol ; pentan -2-ol.

Cu 98: Ancol X tch n c ch to mt anken duy nht. t chy mt lng X c 11 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam H2O. X

c th c bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp ?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 99: un nng hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc no (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) 140oC. Sau khi phn ng c

hn hp Y gm 21,6 gam n c v 72 gam ba ete c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc 2 ancol ni trn l

A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.

Cu 100: un nng V (ml) ancol etylic 95o v i H2SO4 c 170

oC c 3,36 lt kh etilen (ktc). Bit hiu sut phn

ng l 60% v ancol etylic nguyn cht c d = 0,8 g ml. i tr ca V (ml) l

A. 8,19. B. 10,18. C. 12. D. 15,13.

Cu 101: Ancol no b oxi ha to xeton ?

A. propan-2-ol. B. butan-1-ol. C. 2-metyl propan-1-ol.D. propan-1-ol.

Cu 102: Ancol no n chc tc dng c v i CuO to anehit l

A. ancol bc 2. B. ancol bc 3. C. ancol bc 1. D. ancol bc 1 v ancol bc 2.

Cu 103: Oxi ha 6 gam ancol no X thu c 5,8 gam anehit. CTPT ca ancol l

A. CH3CH2OH. B. CH3CH(OH)CH3. C. CH3CH2CH2OH. D. t qu khc.

Cu 104: Cho m gam ancol n chc, no, mch h qua bnh ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon

ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp thu c c t khi hi i v i H2 l 19. i tr m l


Cu 105*: Oxi ha 4 gam ancol n chc A bng oxi khng kh (c xc tc v un nng) thu c 5,6 gam hn hp

anehit, ancol d v n c. A c cng thc l


Cu 106: Oxi ha 6 gam ancol n chc A bng oxi khng kh (c xc tc v un nng) thu c 8,4 gam hn hp

anehit, ancol d v n c. Phn trm A b oxi ha l

A. 60%. B. 75%. C. 80%. D. 53,33%.

Cu 107: Dn m gam hi ancol n chc A qua ng ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thy

khi lng cht rn trong ng gim 0,5m gam. Ancol A c tn l

A. metanol. B. etanol. C. propan-1-ol. D. propan-2-ol.

Cu 108: Dn hi C2H5OH qua ng ng CuO nung nng c hn hp X gm anehit, ancol d v n c. Cho X tc

dng v i Na d c 4,48 lt H2 ktc. hi lng hn hp X l (bit ch c 80% ancol b oxi ha)

A. 13,8 gam B. 27,6 gam. C. 18,4 gam. D. 23,52 gam.

8

Cu 109: Dn hi C2H5OH qua ng ng CuO nung nng c 11,76 gam hn hp X gm anehit, ancol d v n c.

Cho X tc dng v i Na d c 2,24 lt H2 ( ktc). % ancol b oxi ho l

A. 80%. B. 75%. C. 60%. D. 50%.

Cu 110: t chy mt ancol X c 22 COOH

n n . t lun no sau y l ng nht?

A. X l ancol no, mch h. B. X l ankaniol.

C. X l ankanol n chc. D. X l ancol n chc mch h.

Cu 111: hi t chy ng ng ca ancol n chc thy t l s mol OHCO 22

n : n tng dn. Ancol trn thuc dy

ng ng ca

A. ancol khng no. B. ancol no. C. ancol thm. D. khng xc nh c.

Cu 112: t chy hon ton m gam ancol n chc A c 6,6 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. i tr m l

A. 10,2 gam. B. 2 gam. C. 2,8 gam. D. 3 gam.

Cu 113: t chy mt ancol n chc, mch h X thu c CO2 v hi n c theo t l th tch

5 : 4 V : V OHCO 22 . CTPT ca X l

A. C4H10O. B. C3H6O. C. C5H12O. D. C2H6O.

Cu 114: t chy mt ancol a chc thu c H2O v CO2 c t l mol 2 : 3 n : n22 COOH . Vy ancol l

A. C3H8O2. B. C2H6O2. C. C4H10O2. D. tt c u sai.

Cu 115: hi t chy mt ancol a chc thu c n c v kh CO2 theo t l khi lng 44 : 27 m : m22 COOH .

CTPT ca ancol l

A. C5H10O2. B. C2H6O2. C. C3H8O2. D. C4H8O2.

Cu 116: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam ancol n chc X thu c 13,2 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam H2O. Xc nh X

A. C4H7OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H5OH. D. tt c u sai.

Cu 117: Ba ancol X, Y, Z u bn v c khi lng phn t khc nhau. t chy mi cht u sinh ra CO2 v H2O

theo t l mol OHCO 22

n : n = 3 : 4. Vy CTPT ba ancol l

A. C2H6O ; C3H8O ; C4H10O. B. C3H8O ; C3H8O2 ; C3H8O3.

C. C3H8O ; C4H10O ; C5H10O. D. C3H6O ; C3H6O2 ; C3H6O3.

Cu 118: t chy ru A bng O2 va nhn thy: nCO2 : nO2 : nH2O = 4 : 5: 6. A c cng thc phn t l

A. C2H6O. B. C2H6O2. C. C3H8O. D. C4H10O.

Cu 119: t chy ancol ch cha mt loi nhm chc A bng O2 va nhn thy :

nCO2 : nO2 : nH2O = 6: 7: 8. A c c im l

A. Tc dng v i Na d cho nH2 = 1,5nA. B. Tc dng v i CuO un nng cho ra hp cht a chc.

C. Tch n c to thnh mt anken duy nht. D. hng c kh nng ha tan Cu(OH)2.

Cu 120: Ancol n chc A chy cho mCO2 : mH2O = 11: 9. t chy hon ton 1 mol A ri hp th ton b sn

phm chy vo 600 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th lng kt ta l

A. 11,48 gam. B. 59,1gam. C. 39,4gam. D. 19,7gam.

Cu 121: X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X c cng thc l

A. C3H5(OH)3. B. C3H6(OH)2. C. C2H4(OH)2. D. C4H8(OH)2.

Cu 122: t chy hon ton ancol X c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3: 4, th tch oxi cn d ng t

chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch CO2 thu c (o c ng k). X l

A. C3H8O. B. C3H8O2. C. C3H8O3. D. C3H4O.

Cu 123: X l mt ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi n c v 6,6

gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l

A. C3H5(OH)3. B. C3H6(OH)2. C. C2H4(OH)2. D. C3H7OH.

Cu 124*: X l hn hp 2 ancol n chc, c ng dy ng ng, c t l khi lng 1:1. t chy ht X c 21,45

gam CO2 v 13,95 gam H2O. Vy X gm 2 ancol l

A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. CH3OH v C4H9OH.

C. CH3OH v C3H7OH. D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.

Cu 125: t chy hon ton a gam ancol X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh n c vi trong d thy khi

lng bnh tng b gam v c c gam kt ta. Bit b = 0,71c v c = 1,02

ba . X c cu to thu gn l

A. C2H5OH. B. C2H4(OH)2. C. C3H5(OH)3. D. C3H6(OH)2.

Cu 126: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp gm metanol v butan-2-ol c 30,8 gam CO2 v 18 gam H2O. i tr a

l

A. 30,4 gam. B. 16 gam. C. 15,2 gam. D. 7,6 gam.

9

Cu 127: t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp X gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v ancol isopropylic ri hp th ton

b sn phm chy vo n c vi trong d c 80 gam kt ta. Th tch oxi (ktc) ti thiu cn d ng l

A. 26,88 lt. B. 23,52 lt. C. 21,28 lt. D. 16,8 lt.

Cu 128: t chy hn hp X gm 2 ancol c s mol bng nhau thu c hn hp CO2 v H2O theo l mol tng ng

2 : 3. X gm

A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. C. C2H5OH v C2H4(OH)2.

B. C3H7OH v C3H6(OH)2. D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.

Cu 129: t chy hon ton a mol ancol A c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O. Bit a = c - b. t lun no sau y ng

?

A. A l ancol no, mch vng. B. A l ancol no, mch h.

C. A la 2ancol cha no. C. A l ancol thm.

Cu 130: t chy mt lng ancol A cn va 26,88 lt O2 ktc, thu c 39,6 gam CO2 v 21,6 gam H2O. A c

cng thc phn t l

A. C2H6O. B. C3H8O. C. C3H8O2. D. C4H10O.

Cu 131: Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc c ng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X,

thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l

A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3. B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.

C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2. D. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2.

Cu 132: hi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO2( ktc) v a

gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l

A. m = 2a - V/22,4. B. m = 2a - V/11,2. C. m = a + V/5,6. D. m = a - V/5,6.

Cu 133: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu

cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va v i m gam Cu(OH)2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. i tr ca m v tn gi

ca X tng ng l

A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol. B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol.

C. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol. D. 4,9 v glixerol.

Cu 134: a. Kh CO2 sinh ra khi ln men ru mt lng glucoz c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to c 40g

kt ta. hi lng ancol etylic thu c l


b. Nu hiu sut phn ng ln men l 80% th khi lng glucoz d ng l bao nhiu gam ?

A. 45 gam. B. 90 gam. C. 36 gam. D. 40 gam.

Cu 135: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh C2H5OH v i hiu sut 81%, hp th ht lng CO2 sinh ra vo dung dch

Ca(OH)2 c 55 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un nng dung dch X li c 10 gam kt ta na. i tr m l


Cu 136: Th tch ancol etylic 92o cn d ng l bao nhiu iu ch c 2,24 lt C2H4 (ktc). Cho bit hiu sut

phn ng t 62,5% v d = 0,8 g ml.

A. 8 ml. B. 10 ml. C. 12,5ml. D. 3,9 ml.

Cu 137: i t 150 gam tinh bt s iu ch c bao nhiu ml ancol etylic 46o bng phng php ln men ancol?

Cho bit hiu sut phn ng t 81% v d = 0,8 g ml.

A. 46,875 ml. B. 93,75 ml. C. 21,5625 ml. D. 187,5 ml.

Cu 138: hi lng ca tinh bt cn d ng trong qu trnh ln men to thnh 5 lt ru (ancol) etylic 46 l (bit

hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 72% v khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g ml)

A. 5,4 kg. B. 5,0 kg. C. 6,0 kg. D. 4,5 kg.

Cu 139: Ln men hon ton m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO2 sinh ra trong qu trnh ny c hp

th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to ra 40 gam kt ta. Nu hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 75% th gi tr ca m

l

A. 60. B. 58. C. 30. D. 48.

Cu 140: Ln men m gam glucoz v i hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO2 sinh ra hp th ht vo dung dch n c vi

trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. hi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam so v i khi lng dung dch n c

vi trong ban u. i tr ca m l

A. 20,0. B. 30,0. C. 13,5. D. 15,0.

Cu 141: X l hn hp gm phenol v ancol n chc A. Cho 25,4 gam X tc dng v i Na (d) c 6,72 lt H2 (

ktc). A l


Cu 142: C bao nhiu hp cht hu c C7H8O va tc dng v i Na, va tc dng v i NaOH ?

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

10

Cu 143: A l hp cht c cng thc phn t C7H8O2. A tc dng v i Na d cho s mol H2 bay ra bng s mol NaOH

cn d ng trung ha cng lng A trn. Ch ra cng thc cu to thu gn ca A.

A. C6H7COOH. B. HOC6H4CH2OH. C. CH3OC6H4OH. D. CH3C6H3(OH)2.

Cu 144: hi t chy 0,05 mol X (dn xut benzen) thu c d i 17,6 gam CO2. Bit 1 mol X phn ng va v i

1 mol NaOH hoc v i 2 mol Na. X c cng thc cu to thu gn l

A. CH3C6H4OH. B. CH3OC6H4OH. C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D.C6H4(OH)2.

Cu 145: Ha cht no d i y d ng phn bit 2 l mt nhn cha dung dch phenol v benzen.

1. Na. 2. dd NaOH. 3. n c brom.

A. 1 v 2. B. 1 v 3. C. 2 v 3. D. 1, 2 v 3.

Cu 146: A l hp cht hu c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2. A tc dng v i NaOH theo t l 1 : 2. Vy A thuc loi

hp cht no d i y ?

A. i phenol. B. Axit cacboxylic C. Este ca phenol. D. Va ancol, va phenol.

Cu 147: C bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng bezen), cng thc phn t C8H10O, khng tc dng v i Na?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 148: A l cht hu c c cng thc phn t CxHyO. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol A ri hp th ton b sn phm

chy vo n c vi trong thy c 30 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta em un nng phn n c lc thy c 20 gam kt ta

na. Bit A va tc dng Na, va tc dng NaOH. Ch ra cng thc phn t ca A.

A. C6H6O. B. C7H8O. C. C7H8O2. D. C8H10O.

Cu 149: Ch ra th t tng dn mc linh ca nguyn t H trong nhm -OH ca cc hp cht sau: phenol,

etanol, n c.

A. Etanol < n c < phenol. C. N c < phenol < etanol.

B. Etanol < phenol < n c. D. Phenol < n c < etanol.

Cu 150: T 400 gam bezen c th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam phenol. Cho bit hiu sut ton b qu trnh

t 78%.


Cu 151: Ha cht no d i y c th d ng phn bit cc l mt nhn cha cc dung dch : C6H5ONa, NaCl,

BaCl2, Na2S, Na2CO3 l

A. dd NaOH. B. dd HCl. C. Na. D dd KCl.

Cu 152: So v i etanol, nguyn t H trong nhm -OH ca phenol linh ng hn v :

A. Mt electron vng benzen tng ln, nht l cc v tr o v p.

B. Lin kt C-O ca phenol bn vng.

C. Trong phenol, cp electron cha tham gia lin kt ca nguyn t oxi tham gia lin hp vo vng benzen

lm lin kt -OH phn cc hn.

D. Phenol tc dng d dng v i n c brom to kt ta trng 2, 4, 6-tri brom phenol.

Cu 153: C bao nhiu phn ng xy ra khi cho cc cht C6H5OH ; NaHCO3 ; NaOH ; HCl tc dng v i nhau tng

i mt ?

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.

Cu 154: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng v i phenol l

A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na. B. n c brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.

C. n c brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH. D. n c brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.

Cu 155: Hin tng ln lt xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch HCl c vo ng nghim cha mt t dung dch

HCOONa v mt t dung dch C6H5ONa ri lc mnh l

A. C s phn l p ; dung dch trong sut ha c. B. Dung dch trong sut ha c.

C. C phn l p ; dung dch trong sut. D. Xut hin s phn l p c 2 ng nghim.

Cu 156: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia phenol v i

A. dung dch NaOH. B. Na kim loi. C. n c Br2. D. H2 (Ni, nung nng). Cu 157: Cht c cng thc phn t no d i y c th tc dng c c Na, c NaOH ?

A. C5H8O. B. C6H8O. C. C7H10O. D. C9H12O.

Cu 158: Ba hp cht thm X, Y, Z u c cng thc phn t C7H8O. X tc dng v i Na v NaOH ; Y tc dng v i

Na, khng tc dng NaOH ; Z khng tc dng v i Na v NaOH Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z ln lt l

A. C6H4(CH3)OH ; C6H5OCH3 ; C6H5CH2OH.B. C6H5OCH3 ; C6H5CH2OH ; C6H4(CH3)OH.

C. C6H5CH2OH ; C6H5OCH3 ; C6H4(CH3)OH. D. C6H4(CH3)OH ; C6H5CH2OH ; C6H5OCH3.

Cu 159: Cho ln lt cc cht C2H5Cl, C2H5OH, C6H5OH, C6H5Cl vo dung dch NaOH long un nng. Hi my

cht c phn ng ?

A. C bn cht. B. Mt cht. C. Hai cht. D. Ba cht.

Cu 160: a. S ng phn ca C3H5Cl3 l

A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.

11

b. Trong s cc ng phn ca C3H5Cl3 c th c bao nhiu ng phn khi thu phn trong mi trng kim cho

sn phm phn ng c c v i Na v dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag ?

A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.

Cu 161: Hp cht X c cha vng benzen v c CTPT l C7H6Cl2. Thy phn X trong NaOH c, to cao, p cao thu

c cht Y c CTPT l C7H6O. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu CTCT?

A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.

Cu 162: Cho cc hp cht sau : (I) CH3CH2OH. (II) C6H5OH. (III) NO2C6H4OH.

Chn pht biu sai

A. C 3 cht u c nguyn t H linh ng.

B. C 3 u phn ng c v i dung dch baz iu kin thng.

C. Cht (III) c nguyn t H linh ng nht.

D. Th t linh ng ca nguyn t H c sp xp theo chiu nh sau : III > II > I.

Cu 163: Cho cc cht sau A : CH4O ; B: C2H6O2 ; C: C3H8O3.

iu no sau y lun ng ?

A. A, B, C l cc ancol no, mch h. B. A, B, C u lm mt mu dd thuc tm.

C. A, B, C l cc hp cht hu c no. D. A, B, C u l este no, n chc.

Cu 164: Cho 2 phn ng :(1) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

(2) C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3

Hai phn ng trn chng t lc axit theo th t CH3COOH, H2CO3, C6H5OH, HCO3- l

A. Tng dn. B. im dn. C. hng thay i. D. Va tng va gim.

Cu 165: Cho dy cc cht : phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht trong dy phn ng

c v i NaOH (trong dung dch) l

A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2.

Cu 166: X l hn hp gm phenol v metanol. t chy hon ton X c nCO2 = nH2O. Vy % khi lng metanol

trong X l

A. 25%. B. 59,5%. C. 50,5%. D. 20%.

Cu 167: Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 4. Hp cht X c

cng thc n gin nht tr ng v i cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc loi hp cht thm ng v i cng

thc phn t ca X l

A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 168: Cho X l hp cht thm ; a mol X phn ng va ht v i a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol

X phn ng v i Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l

A. HOC6H4COOCH3. B. CH3C6H3(OH)2. C. HOC6H4COOH. D. HOCH2C6H4OH.

Cu 169: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc dng c v i Na v v i

NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng v i Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X tc dng

c v i NaOH theo t l s mol 1 : 2. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l

A. C6H5CH(OH)2. B. CH3C6H3(OH)2. C. CH3OC6H4OH. D. C. HOCH2C6H4OH.

Cu 170: Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng v i n c (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp

Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2

lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn

ca X v Y l (Th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k)

A. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. D. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.

Cu 171: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y l ng ng k tip ca nhau, thu c 0,3

mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng v i Na (d), thu c cha n 0,15 mol H2.

Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l

A. C3H6O, C4H8O. B. C2H6O, C3H8O. C. C2H6O2, C3H8O2. D. C2H6O, CH4O. Cu 172: Oxi ho m gam etanol thu c hn hp X gm axetanehit, axit axetic, n c v etanol d. Cho ton b X

tc dng v i dung dch NaHCO3 (d), thu c 0,56 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). hi lng etanol b oxi ho to ra axit l


Cu 173: hi phn tch thnh phn mt ru (ancol) n chc X th thu c kt qu : Tng khi lng ca cacbon

v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ru (ancol) ng v i cng thc phn t ca X l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.

Cu 174: Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi

hi ca Y so v i kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH3CHOHCH3. B. CH3COCH3. C. CH3CH2CH2OH. D. CH3CH2CHOHCH3.

12

Cu 175: Mt hp cht hu c A gm C, H, O c 50% oxi v khi lng. Ngi ta cho A qua ng ng 10,4 gam

CuO nung nng thu c 2 cht hu c v 8,48 gam cht rn. Mt khc cho hn hp 2 cht hu c trn tc dng v i

dung dch AgNO3(d) trong NH3 to ra hn hp 2 mui v 38,88 gam Ag. hi lng ca A cn d ng l


Cu 176: un nng ancol A v i hn hp NaBr v H2SO4 c thu c cht hu c B, 12,3 gam hi cht B chim mt

th tch bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N2 c ng nhit 560oC ; p sut 1 atm. Oxi ho A bng CuO nung nng thu c

hp cht hu c c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch n c brom. CTCT ca A l

A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3CHOHCH3. D. CH3CH2CH2OH.

Cu 177: un mt ancol A v i dung dch hn hp gm Br v H2SO4 c th trong hn hp sn phm thu c c

cht hu c B. Hi ca 12,5 gam cht B ni trn chim 1 th tch ca 2,80 gam nit trong c ng iu kin. Cng thc

cu to ca A l

A. C2H5OH. B. CH3CH2CH2OH. C. CH3OH. D. HOCH2CH2OH.

Cu 178: Anken X c cng thc phn t l C5H10. X khng c ng phn hnh hc. hi cho X tc dng v i MnO4

nhit thp thu c cht hu c Y c cng thc phn t l C5H12O2. Oxi ha nh Y bng CuO d thu c cht hu

c Z. Z khng c phn ng trng gng. Vy X l

A. 2-metyl buten-2. B. But-1-en. C. 2-metyl but-1-en. D. But-2-en.

Cu 179: t chy hon ton 1 th tch hi ancol no n chc A thu c CO2 v H2O c tng th tch gp 5 ln th

tch hi ancol A d ng ( c ng iu kin). Vy A l

A. C2H5OH. B. C4H9OH. C. CH3OH. D. C3H7OH.

Cu 180: Cho 30,4 gam hn hp gm glixerol v mt ru n chc, no A phn ng v i Na th thu c 8,96 lt kh

(ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng v i Cu(OH)2 th ho tan c 9,8 gam Cu(OH)2. Cng thc ca A l

A. C2H5OH. B. C3H7OH. C. CH3OH. D. C4H9OH.

Cu 181: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt ancol no, n chc A, mch h. Cho 2,76 gam X tc dng v i Na d

thu c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76 gam X bng CuO (to) thu c hn hp anehit. Cho

ton b lng anehit ny tc dng v i dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 19,44 gam cht kt ta. Cng thc cu to

ca A l

A. C2H5OH. B. CH3CH2CH2OH.

C. CH3CH(CH3)OH. D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.

Cu 182: Ancol no mch h A cha n nguyn t C v m nhm OH trong cu to phn t. Cho 7,6 gam A tc dng ht

v i Na cho 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Mi quan h gia n v m l

A. 2m = 2n + 1. B. m = 2n + 2. C. 11m = 7n + 1. D. 7n = 14m + 2.

Cu 183: Cht hu c X mch h c to ra t axit no A v etylen glicol. Bit rng a gam X th hi chim th tch

bng th tch ca 6,4 gam oxi c ng iu kin nhit v p sut; a gam X phn ng ht v i xt to ra 32,8 gam

mui. Nu cho 200 gam A phn ng v i 50 gam etilenglicol ta thu c 87,6 gam este. Tn ca X v hiu sut phn

ng to X l

A. Etylen glicol iaxetat ; 74,4%. B. Etylen glicol ifomat ; 74,4%.

C. Etylen glicol iaxetat ; 36,3%. D. Etylen glicol ifomat ; 36,6%.

Cu 184: Oxi ho ancol etylic bng xc tc men gim, sau phn ng thu c hn hp X (gi s khng to ra

anehit). Chia hn hp X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng v i Na d, thu c 6,272 lt H2 (ktc). Trung

ho phn 2 bng dung dch NaOH 2M thy ht 120 ml. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho ancol etylic l:

A. 42,86%. B. 66,7%. C. 85,7%. D. 75%.

Cu 185: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp 2 ancol no n chc X, Y l ng ng lin tip thu c 11,2 lt

CO2 cng v i lng hn hp trn cho phn ng v i Na d th thu c 2,24 lt H2 ( ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2

ancol trn l

A. C2H5OH; C3H7OH. B. CH3OH; C3H7OH.

C. C4H9OH; C3H7OH. D. C2H5OH ; CH3OH.

Cu 186*: Oxi ho 9,2 gam ancol etylic bng CuO un nng thu c 13,2 gam hn hp gm anehit, axit, ancol d

v n c. Hn hp ny tc dng v i Na sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Phn trm ancol b oxi ho l

A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 90%.

Cu 187: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:

TN 1 : Trn 0,015 mol ru no X v i 0,02 mol ru no Y ri cho tc dng ht v i Na th thu c 1,008 lt H2.

TN 2 : Trn 0,02 mol ru X v i 0,015 mol ru Y ri cho hp tc dng ht v i Na th thu c 0,952 lt H2.

Th nghim 3 : t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp ru nh trong th nghim 1 ri cho tt c sn phm chy i

qua bnh ng CaO m i nung, d thy khi lng bnh tng thm 6,21 gam. Bit th tch cc khi o ktc. Cng thc

2 ru l

A. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2. B. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H5(OH)3.

C. CH3OH v C2H5OH. D. hng xc nh c.

13

1A 2A 3C 4B 5B 6A 7A 8A 9C 10AD

11C 12B 13B 14D 15A 16DD 17B 18A 19B 20A

21B 22D 23C 24C 25B 26B 27A 28C 29D 30D

31D 32B 33C 34C 35B 36B 37B 38C 39A 40C

41D 42A 43B 44A 45C 46D 47D 48C 49B 50B

51D 52D 53C 54A 55D 56C 57D 58C 59B 60A

61D 62A 63A 64D 65A 66A 67C 68CB 69B 70B

71D 72D 73C 74B 75C 76B 77A 78C 79A 80D

81D 82A 83D 84A 85C 86A 87C 88B 89C 90C

91A 92C 93A 94D 95B 96B 97C 98C 99A 100D

101A 102C 103C 104B 105A 106C 107A 108D 109A 110A

111B 112D 113A 114B 115B 116C 117B 118B 119A 120C

121C 122A 123A 124C 125B 126C 127A 128C 129B 130C

131C 132D 133B 134AA 135A 136B 137D 138D 139D 140D

141A 142C 143B 144C 145D 146A 147D 148B 149A 150A

151B 152C 153B 154C 155B 156C 157D 158D 159C 160AD

161B 162B 163A 164B 165D 166C 167D 168D 169B 170C

171B 172A 173B 174A 175D 176D 177D 178A 179A 180B

181B 182C 183A 184D 185A 186A 187B

.

Ngun: Cng ng mng. p n c th khng ng 100%, c th 1 s p n sai. Tho lun ti bi ng ca Blog Ha Hc (https://bloghoahoc.com)

https://www.facebook.com/groups/nguyencongkiethoahoc/ Trang 1

ANCOL

Cu 1: un nng mt ancol X vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c mt olefin duy nht. Cng thc tng qut ca X l (vi n > 0, n nguyn) A. CnH2n + 1OH. B. ROH. C. CnH2n + 2O. D.CnH2n+1CH2OH. Cu 2: Mt ancol no c cng thc thc nghim l (C2H5O)n. CTPT ca ancol c th l A. C2H5O. B. C4H10O2. C. C4H10O. D. C6H15O3. Cu 3: C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18% ? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 4: Co bao nhie u ancol thm, co ng th c C8H10O khi ta c du ng v i CuO un no ng cho ra anehit? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 5: Co bao nhie u ancol C5H12O khi ta ch n c ch ta o mo t anken du nha t? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 6: X l ancol mch h c cha 1 lin kt i trong phn t. khi lng phn t ca X nh hn 60. CTPT ca X l A. C3H6O. B. C2H4O. C. C2H4(OH)2. D. C3H6(OH)2. Cu 7: Ancol X n chc, no, mch h c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 37. Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c un nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. X l A. propan-2-ol. B. butan-2-ol. C. butan-1-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol. Cu 8: Mt cht X c CTPT l C4H8O. X lm mt mu nc brom, tc dng vi Na. Sn phm oxi ha X bi CuO khng phi l anehit. Vy X l A. but-3-en-1-ol. B. but-3-en-2-ol. C. 2-metylpropenol. D. tt c u sai. Cu 9: Cu no sau l ng ? (1) Hp cht CH3CH2OH l ancol etylic. (2) Ancol l hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm -OH. (3) Hp cht C6H5CH2OH l phenol. (4) Ancol etylic tan tt trong nc v c nhit si cao hn hn so vi ankan v cc dn xut halogen c khi lng phn t xp x vi n. S pht biu ng l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 10: Ancol etylic c ln mt t nc, c th dng cht no sau lm khan ancol ? A. CaO. B. CuSO4 khan. C. P2O5. D. tt c u c. Cu 11: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). B. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH. C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc). D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CHCO)2O. Cu 12: Cho cc hp cht sau : (a) HOCH2CH2OH. (b) HOCH2CH2CH2OH. (c) HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. (d) CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. (e) CH3CH2OH. (f) CH3OCH2CH3. Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l A. (a), (b), (c). B. (c), (d), (f). C. (a), (c), (d). D. (c), (d), (e).


Cu 13 (KA-08): Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-2 (hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l A. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en). B. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en). C. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en). D. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en). Cu 14 (KA-07): Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C4H10O to thnh ba anken l ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. (CH3)3COH. B. CH3OCH2CH2CH3. C. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH. Cu 15 (KB-10): Co bao nhie u cha t h u c ma ch h du ng e ie u che 4-met lpentan-2-ol ch ba ng pha n ng co ng H2 ( u c ta c Ni, t0)? A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4

Cu 16 (KA-12): t chy hon ton mt lng ancol X to ra 0,4 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O. X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam. Oxi ha X bng CuO to hp cht hu c a chc Y. Nhn t no sau ng vi X? A. Trong X c 3 nhm -CH3.

B. Hirat ha but-2-en thu c X. C. Trong X c 2 nhm -OH lin kt vi hai nguyn t cacbon bc hai.

D. X lm mt mu nc brom. Cu 17 (C-11): S ancol ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng thc phn t C5H12O, tc dng vi CuO un nng sinh ra enton l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3 Cu 18: O i ha 9,2 gam ru et lic bng CuO un nng, c 13,2 gam andehit, a it, ru cha phn ng v H2O. Hn hp n tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 3,36 lt H2(ktc). Phn trm khi lng ru b o i ha l? A. 75% B. 25% C. 66,67% D. 33,33% (Chuyn L Qu n- Nng -Ln 2/2013) Cu 19: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l A. 65,2%. B. 16,3%. C. 48,9%. D. 83,7%. (Trch thi TSH khi B nm 2010). Cu 20: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C =12, O = 16) A. 0,92. B. 0,32. C. 0,64. D. 0,46. (Trch thi TSH khi B nm 2007). Cu 21: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong d ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2. (Trch thi TSH khi A nm 2008).


Cu 22: O i ha 53,2g hn hp gm mt ancol n chc v mt anehit n chc hiu sut phn ng 100%, ta thu c mt a it hu c du nht. Lng a it sinh ra tc dng ht vi m (g) dung dch hn hp NaOH 2% v Na2CO3 13,25% thu c dung dch ch cha mui hu c c nng 21,87%. Gi tr c th c ca m l A.350 B. 400 C. 450 D. 500 Cu 23: Tin hnh ln men gim 460 ml ancol et lic 80 vi hiu sut bng 30%. Bit khi lng ring ca ancol et lic ngu n cht bng 0,8 g/ml v ca nc bng 1 g/ml. Nng phn trm ca a it a etic trong dung dch thu c l A. 2,47%. B. 7,99%. C. 2,51%. D. 3,76%. (Trch thi TSH khi B nm 2013). Cu 24: Cho 0,4 mol hn hp gm 2 ancol no n chc, bc 1 l ng ng k tip un nng vi H2SO4 c 140oC thu c 7,704 gam hn hp 3 ete. Tham gia phn ng ete ha c 50% lng ancol c khi lng phn t nh v 40% khi lng ancol c khi lng phn t ln. Tn gi ca 2 ancol trong X l: A. propan-1-ol v butan-1-ol B. etanol v propan-1-ol C. pentan-1-ol v butan-1-ol D. metanol v etanol Cu 25: Chia hn hp gm hai n chc X v Y (phn t khi ca X nh hn ca Y) l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn bng nhau: - t ch hon ton phn 1 thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam H2O. - un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c 1400C to thnh 1,25 gam hn hp ba ete. Ha hi hon ton hn hp ba ete trn, thu c th tch ca 0,42 gam N2 (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hiu sut ca phn ng to ete ca X, Y ln lt l: A. 30% v 30% B. 25% v 35% C. 40% v 20% D. 20% v 40% (Trch thi TSH khi B nm 2011). Cu 26: Chia 20,8 gam hn hp gm hai anehit n chc l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng, thu c 108 gam Ag. - Phn hai tc dng hon ton vi H2 d ( c tc Ni, to), thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol Y v Z (MY < MZ). un nng X vi H2SO4 c 140oC, thu c 4,52 gam hn hp ba ete. Bit hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Y bng 50%. Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Z bng A. 40%. B. 60%. C. 30%. D. 50%. (Trch thi TSH khi B nm 2014). Cu 27: Hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l X v Y (Mx < My), ng ng k tip ca nhau. un nng 27,2 gam T vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z gm: 0,08 mol ba este (c khi lng 6,76 gam) v mt lng ancol d. t ch hon ton Z cn va 43,68 lt O2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca X v Y ln lt l A. 50% v 20% B. 20% v 40% C. 40% v 30% D. 30% v 30% (Trch thi THPT Quc Gia 2015)

Cu 28: Cho hn hp X gm ancol met lic, et len glicol, gli erol c khi lng m gam. t ch hon ton X thu c 4,368 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,04 gam H2O. Cng m gam hn hp X trn cho tc dng va vi kali thu c gam cht rn. Gi tr ca l: A. 13,43. B. 13,24. C. 7,49. D. 13,63.

(Trng THPT Chuyn Long An/ thi th ln 2-2015)


Cu 29: Hn hp X gm cc cht ancol met lic, ancol anl lic , et len glicol. Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi Na d thu c 10,752 l H2(ktc) . t ch m g hn hp X cn 37,856l O2 (ktc) thu c 30,6g H2O . Phn trm khi lng ancol anl lic trong hn hp X l

A. 28,29% B. 29,54% C. 30,17% D. 24,70%

Cu 30: Hn hp X gm etanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol v pentan-1-ol. Oxi ha khng hon ton mt lng X bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c H2O v hn hp Y gm 4 anehit tng ng v 4 ancol d. t ch hon ton Y cn dng va 1,875 mol O2, thu c H2O v 1,35 mol CO2. Mt khc, cho ton b lng Y trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng ra hon ton, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 43,2. B. 64,8. C. 32,4. D. 27,0

( Thi th THPT Chuyn H Vinh/ ln 1-2015)

Bng p n

1D 2B 3B 4C 5C 6A 7D 8B 9B 10D

11A 12C 13B 14C 15B 16C 17D 18A 19B 20A

21A 22B 23C 24B 25C 26B 27A 28A 29C 30B

Hng dn gii Cu 1 Loi A,B, C khng bit r v tr nhm -OH nn cha khng nh c. D ng v nhm -OH s tch ra cng H nh vi C bn cnh nhm CH2. p n D Cu 2 Vi hp cht hu c CxHyOz ta lun c: y 2x + 2 5n 2.2n + 2 n 2. n = 1. Loi v cng thc ancol thiu Hiro. n = 2. C4H10O2. p n B Cu 3 Cng thc tng qut ca ru no n chc mch h l: CnH2n+2O

Theo bi ra: SOLVEC12n.100%

% 68,18 n 514n 18

Cng thc phn t ca ru l C5H12O Cc ng phn ancol bc 2 l:


|C

C C C C C; C-C -C -C ( mi tn l v tr nhm -OH).

p n B Lu : SOLVE l chc nng nhm nghim trong my tnh cm tay (Fx-570ES) Cu 4 Ancol khi un nng cho ra andehit nn n phi l ancol bc I.

Ta c bt bo ha: 2.8 2 10

k 42

. Do bi cho ancol thm nn m vng benzen

tng ng vi k=4 nn nhnh no v khng cha lin kt bi. Vy cc ancol tha mn yu cu bi l ancol thm, bc I. Cc cng thc cu to tha mn:

CH2

CH3 CH2

OH

mi tn l v tr -OH

mi tn l v tr -CH3 (o, m, p)

p n C Lu : Ta ch ly cc ancol bc I. Cu 5

bt bo ha: 2.5 2 12

k 02

. Ancol no, n chc mch h.

C5H12O tch nc cho anken duy nht nn ta c cc anken tha mn nh sau:

3

3

3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2|

3 2 2|

OH; OH;

OH;

CH

CH

CH -CH -CH -CH -CH CH - C H-CH -CH

CH -CH - C H-CH

p n C Lu : Ta loi trng hp anken 3 2 2 3

|

OH

CH -CH - C H-CH -CH v cht n khi tch nc thu

c anken 3 2 3CH -CH -CH=CH-CH c ng phn hnh hc.

Cu 6 Cng thc phn t tng qut ca ancol c z chc v k lin kt i trong phn t: CnH2n+2-2kOz. Bi cho cho X c mt lin kt i k = 1 nn X c cng thc phn t: CnH2nOz Theo bi ra: XM 60 14n 16z 60

Vi z = 1 n < 3,14. + n = 1 X : CHOH (loi) + n = 2 X : CH2=CH-OH nhm -OH lin kt vi C khng no s chuyn ha ngay thnh andehit CH3CHO (loi) + n = 3 X : CH2=CH-CH2-OH (nhn) Vi z = 2 n < 2 n = 1 X : C(OH)2 (loi) Vi z 3 n


p n A Cu 7

X

4 10

M 37.2 74 ;

H O

n 2n+2 (g) X no n chc nn c dng: C H O

14n+18 = 74 n = 4 X: C

Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c un nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. Nn X c cng thc cu to nh sau:

3

OH|

3 3|

CH

CH C CH

Tn gi ca X: 2-metylpropan-2-ol p n D Cu 8

bt bo ha: 2.4 2 8

k 12

. X lm mt mu nc brom nn X cha lin kt C=C

(do k=1). Vy nhm chc khng cha lin kt bi v phn ng vi Na nn X l ancol khng no c 1 lin kt i C=C trong phn t. Cc cng thc cu to ancol bn tha mn l: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH hoc CH2=CH-CH(OH)-CH3. Do Sn phm oxi ha X khng sinh ra anehit nn loi trng hp ancol bc I. Do X l CH2=CH-CH(OH)-CH3 (but-3-en-2-ol) p n B Cu 9 (1) ng. CH3CH2OH c tn thng thng l ancol etylic, tn thay th l etanol. (2) Sai. Chnh xc phi l nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon no. Nguyn t cacbon no l nguyn t cabon ch c lin kt n vi cc nguyn t khc. (3) Sai. Nhm OH phi lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen. cng th bi cho C6H5CH2OH, nhm -OH lin kt vi trc tip vi CH2 nn khng phi hp cht phenol. (4) ng. V trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro vi nc v ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro lin phn t. p n B Cu 10 iu kin ca cht cn lm kh (khan) l + Khng phn ng vi cht cn lm kh hoc phn ng vi nc sinh ra cht phn ng vi cht cn lm kh. + C tnh ho nc. CaO, CuSO4 khan, P2O5 u c tnh ho nc v khng phn ng vi ancol et lic nn u tha mn. p n D Cu 11 Loi B. Th nga phenol (C6H5OH) v OH-CH2CH2-OH (ancol a chc) khng tc dng vi ancol. Loi B. Th nga NaOH hoc MgO khng tc dng vi ancol. Loi D. Th nga Na2CO3 khng tc dng vi ancol. p n A Cu 12 Loi (f) v ete khng c phn ng vi Na.


Cc cht cn li u l ancol nn u phn ng vi Na. phn ng vi NaOH th cn c t nht (2) nhm OH k nhau. Ch c (a), (c), (d) tha mn. p n C Cu 13 CH3 CH - CH CH3 CH3-C=CH-CH3 + H2O CH3 OH CH3 Sn phm chnh (theo quy tc Zaixep ) : L sn phm tch OH cng vi H cacbon c bc cao ( t H hn , ngho th cng ngho hn) . Tn gi sn phm : 2 metyl but 2 en . p n B Cu 14

CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 o

2 4H SO c, t CH3-CH=CH-CH3 (Cis- trans ) + H2O

CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 o

2 4H SO c, tCH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2O p n C Cu 15 Theo bi ra phi l ancol cha no v eton (dng mch C ging nhau). + Ancol cha no: (CH3)2CH=CHCOCH3 ; CH3)2CH2CH2COCH3 + Xeton: CH2=CH(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH3; (CH3)2CH=CHCH(OH)CH3; CH2=CH(CH3)CH2COCH3 ; p n B Cu 16

Ta c: 2 2

CO H On = 0,4 < n = 0,5X l ancol no.

2 2

2 2

CO CO

X H O CO

X

n n0,4

= = 4

n n n 0,5 0,4

C . X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam

X c t nht 2 nhm OH k nhau (v nhiu nht 4 nhm OH) 1 2 3 4

C C C C

OH gn vo C s 2 v 3 th to xeton, OH gn vo C s 1 v 4 th to anehit (tu nhin trng hp ny b loi v OH phi k nhau). Nh vy OH ch c th gn vo C s 2 v 3, hai nguyn t C n u l bc II. p n C Cu 17 ancol tc dng vi CuO un nng sinh ra enton l ancol bc 2:

|C

C C C C C; C-C -C -C ( mi tn l v tr nhm -OH).

p n D Bc ca nguyn t C l s lng nguyn t C khc lin kt trc tip vi n, bc ancol l bc ca C mang nhm OH. Cu 18

2OH COOH H

OH

OH COOH

n (ancol d v HOH) n 2.n 0,3

n (ancol d) = 0,3-0,25=0,0513,2 9,2n (HOH) n n[O] 0,25

16

9,2 0,05.46H .100% 75%

9,2


p n A Cu 19 Cch 1:

3 3

3AgNO /NH[O]

X 3 2 2 3 2

3 3 3 3

hh

ch c c: CH OH : x mol HCHO : x mol

M 46 CH CH CH OH : y mol %m??? CH CH CHO : y mol

CH CH(OH)CH : z mol CH (C O)CH : z mol

Ag : 0,45 mol

m 32x 60(y z) 46.0,2

p / hon ton: x y z 0,2 n

O propan-1-ol

Ag

x 0,10,025.60

y 0,025 %m = .100%= 16,3 %9,2

z 0,075n 4x 2y 0,45

Cch 2:

M = 46 c 1 ancol l CH3OH. Hai ancol cn li ln lt l CH3CH2CH2OH v CH3CH(OH)CH3: c cng CTPT C3H8O

3 3 8

X O

CH OH C H OH

3 8

n n (CuO) 3,2 /16 0,2 mol

32 60 0,2M n n 0,1 mol

2 2

0,1.60.100%%mC H O 65,22%

0,2.46

propan-1-ol l sn phm ph do %m propan-1-ol < 65,22/2 = 32,61 p n B Nhn xt: Nu gii theo cch 1 vic dng ng cho l khng cn thit bi l ta c khi lng hn hp bng khi lng mol trung bnh nhn tng s mol. Hai i lng n bi cho. Vic gii h 3 phng trnh nhanh hn v h hai phng trnh phi biu din mol CH3OH qua mol 2 cht cn li rc ri hn. Cu 20 Khi lng cht rn gim i 0,32 gam l ca O tng ng vi 0,02 mol

2 20,02 0,020,02 0,02

RCH OH CuO RCHO Cu H O

Cch 1: Hn hp hi thu c ngoi andehit cn c nc na nh!!!

SOLVE(R 29).0,02 18.0,0215,5.2 R 15 m 0,02(15 14 17) 0,92 gam

0,02 0,02

Cch 2: Bo ton khi lng:

ru CuO hh Cum m m m m 0,02.80 15,5.2.0,04 0,02.64 m 0,92gam

Cch 3: Tng gim khi lng:

rhh u hi hh h OO ir um m m m m m 15,5.2.0,04 16.0,02 = 0,92 gam

p n A Cu 21 Gi cng thc phn t trung bnh ca hai ru no n chc l RCH2OH RCH2OH + CuO RCHO + Cu + H2O


Hn hp hi Z gm andehit , H2O :

2

3 3

3

SOLVERCHO H O

3

AgNO /NHHCHO CH CHO

3

2 5

HCHO(R 29) 18n n 13,75.2 R 8 an dehit

CH CHO2

1 15Mt khc: R= n n a mol 4a 2a 6a mol Ag

2

CH OH : 0,1 mol64,86a = a 0,1 Ru m (32 46)

108 C H OH : 0,1 mol

.0,1 7,8 gam

Ch : C th tnh khi lng ancol theo R nh sau:

2RCH OHm m n.M (0,2 0,2).(R 14 17) 7,8 gam

p n A Cu 22 CT ca ru l: RCH2OH, ca anhit l: RCHO, ca a it l: RCOOH. Chn m = 100. nNaOH = 2/40 = 0,05 , nNa2CO3 = 0,125 mol BTNT Na: nR-COOH = nR-COONa = nNa+ = 0,05 + 0,125.2 = 0,3 mol mR-COOH = ( R + 45).0,3

2 2 3

2

CO Na CO

dd axit CO

SOLVE

BTNT.C : n n 0,125 mol

m m m m 100 0,3sau

0,3.(R 67).100C% 21,87% R 15

100 0,3(R

R 45

45 ,5

) 5

phn

0,125.44ng =

V a it l CH3COOH, ru l C2H5OH, anehit l CH3CHO. V cng thc ca ancol l CH3CH2OH. Cng thc c ca anehit l CH3CHO. *) Ta c: naxit = 0,003.m Ga s hn hp u ch c CH3CH2OH, naxit = 53,2/46 =1,156 (mol) naxit =1,156 (mol) 0,003m = 1,156 m=385,3 (g) Ga s hn hp u ch c CH3CHO naxit = 53,2/44=1,209 (mol) s mol a it =1,209 (mol) 0,003m =1,209m=403 (g) Khong gi tr ca m l 385,3 < m < 403. p n B Nhn xt: - Vic c nh R dng phng php t chn lng cht tc l khng ph thuc vo m v d kin 53,2. - Gi tr ca m ph thuc vo con s 53,2. Cu 23


2 5 2 5

3

2 2

2

2

C H OH C H OH

CH C O

dd dd

OOH

H O H O

O

V nguy n cht 36,8 ml m =0,8.36,8 29,44 gam

29,44n thu c n 30% 0,192 mol

46

V

m sau =

460 - 36

m

,8 = 423,2 ml m

u +

423,2.1 423,

m 423,2 29,44 0,192.32 458,784

C

2 gam

0,192.60.100%% 2,51%

458,784

p n C Cu 24

PTHH: 22ROH ROR H O ; nhh P/ = 0,5a + 0,4b (mol)

1 2

1BTKL : 0,5a 0,4b 17 7,704 .18 0,5a 0,4b

2

0,5a 0,4b 8 7,704

7,704 7,7048

0,5 a b 0,

(R )

(R

4 a b

a b 0,4 30,52 40 ; R

)

R

R R R

Vi

R1 l C2H5- ( M = 29 ) ; R2 l C3H7- ( M = 43 ) p n B Ch : Dng quan h s mol s nhanh hn:

ete ancol

1 1 1n n (0,5a 0,4b) (2 R 16) (0,5a 0,4b) 7,704...

2 2 2

Cu 25 Phn 1: nCO2 = 0,25 < nH2O = 0,35 ;

2Nn = 0,015 = nete

Ta thy 2H O

n > 2CO

n ancol no, n chc nacol= 0,35 0,25 = 0,1mol

C = nCO2 / nacol =0,25/0,1 = 2,5. 2 ru lin tip l C2H5OH v C3H7OH.

V 2 3

C 2,52

2 5 3 7C H OH C H OH

0,1n n 0,05 mol

2

Phn 2:

2

2

2 5

3 7

ancol ete H O ete

ancol ete H O

C H OH

C H OH

Quan h s mol: n (p /) 2n 0,03 mol; n n 0,015 mol

BTKL : m (p /) m m 1,15 0,015.18 1,52 gam

n (p /) : a mol 46a 60b 1,52 a 0,02t

n (p /) : b mol a b 0,03 b 0,01

H

2 5

2 5

3 7

3 7

C H OH

XC H OH

C H OH

YC H OH

n (p /) 0,02.100%40%

n (b/ ) 0,05

n (p /) 0,01.100%H 20%

n (b/ ) 0,05

p n C Cu 26 Phn 1:


Gi s hai anehit khng c HCHO

Ag

andehit andehit HCHO

n 10,4n 0,5mol M 20,8 M 30

2 0,5 loi

Ag3

30a 44b 10,4HCHO: a mol a 0,22andehit

4a 2a n 1CH CHO: b mol b 0,1

Phn 2:3

2 5 3

CH OH HCHO

C H OH CH CHO

n n 0,2 mol

n n 0,1 mol

Z

Z

ancol(pu)

OH 0,0005H0,052

100

H0,1

100

500,2

2

nn

2

Bo ton khi lng:

2

Zancol(p/) ete H O Z

SOLVEZ

H50m m m 32.0,2 46.0,1 4,52 18(0,05 0,005H )

100 100

H 60%

p n B Cu 27 Tm ancol

2

2 5

3 7

H O ancol et

C H OH6,76M 84,5 2R 16 R 34,25 T

C H OH0,08

n n 0,08(mol); n (p / 2n 0,16(mol)

ete

ete e )

Tnh mol ancol phn ng:

2 5

3 7

C H OH(p / a BTKL : 46a 60b 6,76 0,08.18 a 0,1

C H OH a b 0,16 b 0,06

): mol

(p/): b mol

Tnh mol ancol ban u: ( ch : biu thc h s ca oxi em t 2O

y zn a(x )

4 2 )

2 6

3 8

46x 60y 27,2C H O(b / : x x 0,2

T 6 1 8 1 43,68x 2 y 3C H O : y y 0,3

4 2 4 2 22,4

) mol

(b/) mol

Tnh hiu sut phn ng:

2 5

2 5

3 7

3 7

C H OH

X

C H OH

C H OH

Y

C H OH

n (p /) 0,1.100%H 50%

n (b/ ) 0,2

n (p /) 0,06.100%H 20%

n (b/ ) 0,3

p n A Lu : Ancol tch nc c hn hp sn phm hu c Z. L Z t ch th lng O2 cn cng bng lng O2 cn t ch ancol ban u iu n tng t khi t ch peptit v aminoa it tng ng to nn peptit. Cu 28


2 2

2

2

2

O

CO CO

O

n 2n 2 2 2 2CO

O O

[O]2 2 RCHO

n

BTNT.C : n ( t X) = n ( t Y) = 1,35 mol.

n3n 3n / 2t X: C H O O nCO (n 1)H O 1,5

2 n n

n ( t X)= 1,5.1,35 = 2,205 mol. n 2.(2,205 1,875) 0,3 mol.

RCH OH RCHO H O n : 0,3 m

Agol m 0,6.108 64,8g

p n A Cu 29 ( Thi th THPT Chuyn KHTN H Ni/ ln 3-2015)

2

2

H O2

2

H OH O

CO

n

X C H O

1,32.12 1,7.2 0,96.16

3 6CO OH

n 2n 2 n1,32 0,96

X Na : 2.n n _ n (X) 2.0,48 0,96 mol

0,96 37,856X Chy: BTNT.O: n 0,5. 1,7 1,32 mol

2 22,4

BTKL : m m m m 34,6 gam

C H O : xX: : n n (3x

C H O : y

3 6

2x

C H O

ny) (x ny) x 0,18 mol

0,18.58.100%%m 30,17%

34,6

p n C Cu 30

2 2

2

2

2

O

CO CO

O

n 2n 2 2 2 2CO

O O

[O]2 2 RCHO

n

BTNT.C : n ( t X) = n ( t Y) = 1,35 mol.

n3n 3n / 2t X: C H O O nCO (n 1)H O 1,5

2 n n

n ( t X)= 1,5.1,35 = 2,205 mol. n 2.(2,205 1,875) 0,3 mol.

RCH OH RCHO H O n : 0,3 m

Agol m 0,6.108 64,8g

C th hiu nh sau:

Phn ng o i ha ru H2 trong ancol tch ra = nancol = nadehit v ng trc 1 lng O i nn do mi c s chnh lch v mol o i khi t ancol v t andehit.

p n B

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