tap chi kientruc-xaydung so 03

1 S 3 - 2010

Tng bin tp TS.} }nh }c

Ph Tng bin tp PGS.TS.KTS.Nguyn T Lng

Hi ng khoa hc

TS.} }nh }c Ch tch Hi ng

PGS.TS.KTS.Nguyn T Lng Ph Ch tch Hi ng

PGS.TS.Vng Ngc LuTS.KTS.L QunTS.Phm Minh HPGS.TS.Vng Vn ThnhPGS.TS.KTS.}ng }c QuangPGS.TS.KTS.L }c ThngTS.Mai Lin HngPGS.TS.KTS.Ng Thm GS.TS.KTS.Nguyn Hu DngPGS.TS.KTS.} HuPGS.TS.KTS.Ch }nh HongTS.Nguyn Trung Ho

TS.KTS.V An Khnh Thng trc Hi ng

Bin tp v Tr s

TS.KTS.V An Khnh Trng Ban Bin tp

CN.V Anh Tun Trng Ban Tr s

Thit k m thut Ho s Phm Vn }ng

To sonPhng Khoa hc Cng ngh - Hp tc quc tTrng }i hc Kin trc H NiKm10, ng Nguyn Tri, Thanh Xun, H Ni}T: (84-4) 3854 2521 Fax: (84-4) 3854 1616Email: [email protected] php xut bn s 184/GP-BTTTT ngy 05.02.2010.Ch bn ti: Trng }i hc Kin trc H NiIn ti: Cng ty c phn In Cng }onNp lu chiu: 11.2010

2 TP CH KHOA HC KIN TRC - XY DNG 3 S 3 - 2010

Mc lcS 3/2010 - Tp ch Khoa hc Kin trc - Xy dng

3 7KFD%WUQJ%;k\GQJJLFiFWK\F{JLiRQKkQQJj\1KjJLiR9LW1DP

5 +RWQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJK7UQJLKF.LQWU~F+j1LJLDLRQYjQKQJQKKQJFKRJLDLRQ

Khoa hc v cng ngh

10 6ELQLYjFKX\QGFKKuQKWKiLNLQWU~FFDFiFOjQJYHQ{WUX\QWKQJWURQJTXiWUuQKSKiWWULQ{WKKyDFD7K{+j1L

76.76+83+

20 iQKJLiWKFWUQJVGQJWYjWFKFNK{QJJLDQFiFNKX{WKPLWL+j1L

76.7691*+,/21*

24 7QJQJYjNKiFELWWURQJNLQWU~FFKD.KPH7k\1DPEYjFKD9LW

7K6.761*7+/$13+1*

28 %LQLNLQWU~FQLWKWFQKFKXQJFFDRWQJQKPQkQJFDRKLXTXVGQJYWOLXYjWLWNLPQQJOQJ

7K6.761*0,1+9

31 0WGQJTXWtFKYjQJGQJ

7K6.76%,;817+1

33 QKLPNKyLELYjTXQOP{LWUQJNKt{WK

761*8


N

ContentsNumber 3/2010 - Science Journal of Architecture & Construction

,08

+RWQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKWURQJ7UQJLKF.LQ WU~F+j1L Fy Y WUt Yj YDL WUz F ELW TXDQWUQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKOjQKkQWKjQJXWURQJYLFQkQJFDRFKWOQJjRWRWRUDQKQJNLQWKFNKRDKFPLFKRjRWR&iFFVWULQNKDLKRWQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKFD1KjWUQJOjQLVLQKYLrQQWKFKjQKQkQJFDRFKWOQJjRWR&{QJWiF.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKmFyyQJJySWULQNKDLFiFWjL1&.+GiQVQ[XWWKWKQJKLPSKFYFKRQKXFXFDQJjQK;k\GQJ

&{QJWiF.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKJySSKQQkQJFDRWUuQK Yj QQJ OF FD L QJ FiQ E NKRD KF YjJLQJYLrQFD1Kj WUQJ WURQJYLF WLSFQ WUuQKNKXYFYjTXFW+RWQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKJySPWSKQNLQKSKtFKRFiFKRWQJFKXQJFD1KjWUQJXWWKrPPWVWUDQJWKLWESKFYjRWR1JRjLUDF{QJWiF.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKJySSKQFLWKLQQkQJFDRLVQJFiQEF{QJQKkQYLrQ

7LPOFYLQJFiQENKRDKFFD7UQJLKF.LQWU~F+j1L

7KHRVOLXWKQJNrQ7UQJLKF.LQWU~F+j1LFy*676.+*6763*676767K6Yj.6FiFFKX\rQQJjQK

&VYWFKWSKFYSKiWWULQ.+&1EDRJP

3KzQJWKtQJKLPKRiQFYLVLQKSKzQJWKtQJKLPFKXQTXFJLD

3KzQJWKtQJKLPYjNLPQKFKWOQJF{QJWUuQK[k\GQJSKzQJWKtQJKLPFKXQTXFJLD

3KzQJ WKtQJKLP/$6;'SKzQJ WKtQJKLPFKXQTXFJLDYYLNKtKXYjP{LWUQJ

7UXQJWkP7K{QJWLQ7KYLQYLFiFWK{QJWLQVKRiSKFYKRWQJNKRDKFF{QJQJKYjjRWR

1JkQViFK1KjQFFSYjFiFQJXQNKiFFKRKRWQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKJLDLRQ

7QJNLQKSKtWKFKLQWjL.+&1FS1KjQF

7QJNLQKSKtWKFKLQFiFQKLPY.+&1FS%YjGiQVQJKLSNLQKWOj

.LQK SKt FKR FiF WjL SKF Y +j 1L

.LQK SKt W FiF KRW QJ KS WiF TXF W

.LQKSKtX W WQJFQJQQJ OFQJKLrQFX

.LQKSKtWFiFQJXQNKiF

.LQKSKtFKRKRWQJ.+&1WQJXQNLQKSKtFD1KjWUQJEDRJP

7QJ NLQK SKt WKF KLQ FiF QKLP Y.+&1FSWUQJ

.LQKSKtKjQJQPFKRF{QJ WiF1&.+VLQKYLrQ

.LQKSKtELrQWSYj[XWEQViFKYjWjLOLXSKFYJLQJG\

,,1+*,71++1++271*.+2$+&9&1*1*+*,$,21

7uQKKuQKWKFKLQFiFQKLPY.KRDKFYj&{QJQJK

&iFQKLPY.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKFS1KjQF

7URQJQPTXD7UQJmWKFKLQWjLFOSFS1KjQFFWKOjWjL1JKLrQFXF{QJQJKWUDEOFYWOLXQL[OFSQFVLQKKRW&1WjL767UQ7KDQK6QWjLKLQDQJWULQNKDLYjVKRjQWKjQKYjRFXLQP

&iFQKLPY.+&1FS%

7URQJQPTXD7UQJmYjDQJWKFKLQWjLFS%KXKWmQJKLPWKX7URQJVWjLmQJKLPWKXFyWjL[SORL[XWVFWjL[SORLNKi+XKWFiFWjLmFQJGQJSKFYjRWRYjVQ[XW WKF WQJRjL UD1Kj WUQJFzQ WULQNKDLWKFKLQGiQVQJKLSNLQKW

&iFQKLPY.+&1FSFV

&iFWjLQJKLrQFXNKRDKFFSWUQJQKPJLLTX\W QKX FX SKiW WULQ FD.KRD KF Yj&{QJ QJKQJjQK;k\GQJSKFYQKXFXjRWRSKFYFKRF{QJ WiF QkQJ FDR KLX TX TXQ O FiF FS FD1KjWUQJ

6OQJYjFKWOQJFiFWjLFy[XKQJWQJWUQJOLrQWF7URQJJLDLRQFyWjLFSWUQJmYjDQJFWULQNKDLYLWQJNLQKSKtWULXQJ

+RWQJQJKLrQFXNKRDKFFDVLQKYLrQ

6LQKYLrQFD7UQJmWtFKFFWKDPJLDKRWQJ1&.+7URQJQPTXDGmWKFKLQWjL%*LiRGFYjjRWRYj4X9,)27(&mWQJJLLWKQJ

Hot ng Khoa hc v Cng ngh Trng }i hc Kin trc H Ni giai on 2006-2010V NHNG }NH HNG CHO GIAI }ON 2011-2015

3 /HWWHURI0LQLVWHURIWKH&RQVWUXFWLRQWR7HDFKHUVRQWKH9LHWQDPHVH7HDFKHUVGD\WK1RYHPEHU

5 6FLHQWLILFDQG7HFKQRORJ\$FWLYLWLHVRI+$8LQ3HULRGDQG2ULHQWDWLRQIURPWR

SCIENCE & tECHNOLOGY

10 $UFKLWHFWXUDO)RUPV&KDQJHVDQG7UDQVIHULQWKH7UDGLWLRQDO6XEXUE9LOODJHVLQWKH8UEDQL]DWLRQ'HYHORSPHQWRI+DQRL

'U$UFK'2+883+8

20 (YDOXDWLRQRI([LVWLQJ6LWXDWLRQRI/DQGDQG6SDWLDO6WUXFWXUHLQ1HZ8UEDQ$UHDVLQ+DQRL

'U$UFK9821*+$,/21*

24 7KH6LPLODUDQG'LIIHUHQFHVLQ$UFKLWHFWXUHRI:HVW6RXWKHUQ.KRPH3DJRGDDQG9LHW3DJRGD

0$$UFK'$1*7+,/$13+821*

28 &KDQJHVLQ$UFKLWHFWXUDO,QWHULRURI$SDUWPHQWVLQ+LJKULVH%XLOGLQJWR,PSURYHWKH8VHG(IIHFWVDQG(QHUJ\6DYLQJV

0$$UFK1*20,1+98

31 $/RFXV7\SHDQG$SSO\LQJ

0$$UFK%8,;8$17+,1

33 6PRNHDQG'XVW3ROOXWLRQDQG8UEDQ$LU(QYLURQPHQWDO0DQDJHPHQW

'U1*8


FKRFiFWjLFDVLQKYLrQ7URQJyFyJLL1KWJLL1KuJLL%DYjJLL.KX\QNKtFK1KjWUQJFE*LiRGFYjjRWRWQJ%QJNKHQYuFyQKLXWKjQKWtFK[XWVFWURQJF{QJWiFQJKLrQFXNKRDKFVLQKYLrQWURQJQKLXQP

&iFQKLPY1&.+KSWiFYLQFQJRjL

1KjWUQJFyTXDQKYLKQWUQJLKFYjWFKFTXFWWURQJOQKYFjRWRQJKLrQFXNKRDKFYjFiFPWKRWQJTXFWNKiFWLrXELXOj

+S WiF jR WR FDR KF 7KLW N { WK GL VQYj SKiW WULQ EQ YQJ YL 7UQJ L KF .LQ WU~F7RXORXVH3KiSYLVWjLWUFD$8)

/LrQNWKSWiFYL7UQJLKF0HOERXUQHFYjRWRWLQV

' iQ 1kQJ FDR QQJ OF FKR JLQJ YLrQ GR WFKF18)),&+j/DQWjLWU

'iQ1kQJFDRQQJOFTXQOTX\KRFKTXQOP{LWUQJ{WKGR'$1,'$WjLWU

'iQ7KLWOSPQJOLFiFWUQJLKFWURQJWKLWNNLQWU~FYjTX\KRFK{WKEQYQJKSWiFYL7UQJLKF7QJKS%DUFHORQD7k\%DQ1KDYj7UQJLKF0WKXW0LODQ,WDOLDGR(8WjLWU

'iQ7QJFQJQQJ OFFKRLQJFiQEJLiRYLrQ7UQJLKF.LQWU~F+j1LGRTX)RUGWjLWU

'iQ 4X\KRFKYjFKtQKViFKSKiW WULQ{ WKWURQJNQJX\rQWRjQFXKRiKSWiFYL7UQJLKF+DZDLLGR4X)RUGWjLWU

'iQKSWiFYLFiFWUQJLKF3KiSYjRWR.LQWU~FVFQKTXDQ

+SWiFYL7UQJLKF7RULQR ,WDOLDjRWRWKFVFKX\rQQJjQKERWQNLQWU~F

&KQJWUuQKWLrQWLQjRWRNLQWU~FVKSWiFYL7UQJLKF1RWWLQJKDP$QKYjLKF4XFJLD6LQJDSRUH

&iFQKLPY.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKSKFYSKiWWULQNLQKWDSKQJ

1KjWUQJWtFKFFWKDPJLDWKFKLQFiFQKLPY.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKSKFYQKXFXSKiW WULQ

NLQKW[mKL7K{+j1L

&iFWjLNKRDKFWSWUXQJYjRFiFYQQK1JKLrQFXJLLSKiSTXQONLQWU~FTX\KRFKTXQOK WQJYjP{L WUQJ{ WKQJKLrQFXFL WRKWKQJFk\[DQKNKX{WKPL+j1LQJKLrQFXWKLWNKWKQJF{QJWUuQKEmL[HQJPF{QJFQJWUrQDEjQWKjQKSK+j1L

&iFWjLmFWULQNKDLPER\rXFXYWLQYjQLGXQJNKRDKF

&iFKSQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKYLFiFGRDQKQJKLSFVVQ[XW

&iFWjL1&.+SKFYjRWRmF1KjWUQJiSGQJQkQJFDRFKWOQJjRWRFiFWjLSKFYVQ[XWmFQJGQJPWVGRDQKQJKLSPDQJ OL KLX TX FDR FKRGRDQKQJKLSQK&{QJ W\&SKQEr W{QJYj;k\GQJ9,1$&21(;;XkQ0DL1JRjLUD7UQJFzQFy9QSKzQJ7YQ&KX\QJLDR&{QJQJK;k\GQJ9LQ.LQWU~F1KLWL&{QJW\;k\GQJYj3KiWWULQ{WKOjQKQJFVWKFKLQFKX\QJLDRF{QJQJK

7uQKKuQKFKX\QJLDRF{QJQJKNWTXQJKLrQFXSKFYSKiWWULQJLiRGFjRWRSKiWWULQNLQKW[mKL

1KjWUQJOLrQWFWULQNKDLFiFWjLFSQJjQKYFL WLQFKQJ WUuQKjR WRFiFPmQJjQKKLQDQJjR WR&iF WjLQJKLrQFXSKFY WUF WLSQkQJFDRFKWOQJjRWRKLQKSNKXYFYjTXFWiSQJQKXFX[mKLYJLiRGFjRWRQJjQK[k\GQJ6DXNKL FFiFFSQJKLP WKX FiFNWTXQJKLrQFXFFKX\QJLDRWUOLFKR1KjWUQJiSGQJSKFYJLiRGFjRWRQyLFKXQJYjSKFYSKiWWULQ[mKL+LQWLKXKWFiFPmQJjQKjRWRFD1KjWUQJmFy WjLQJKLrQFXYjFyPWV WjLmKRjQWKjQK

9LQ.LQ WU~F1KLWL9QSKzQJ7YQYjFiF7UXQJWkPOjFiFWFKF.+&1FWKjQKOSWKHR1JKQK +%7&KF QQJ FD9LQ Yj FiF7UXQJ WkPOj1&.+YjODRQJVQ[XW+jQJQPmWKFKLQQKLX WjL FiFFS WYQ WKLW NYj WKL F{QJQKLXF{QJWUuQK[k\GQJ'RDQKWKXFD9LQ9QSKzQJ7YQYjFiFWUXQJWkPKjQJQPXWQJ

+RWQJFDFiFGRDQKQJKLSWURQJ7UQJ

7UQJLKF.LQWU~F+j1LFyGRDQKQJKLSOj&{QJW\;k\GQJYjSKiWWULQ{WKKRWQJWKHRFiFTX\QKFD1KjQF&{QJW\;k\GQJYjSKiWWULQ{WK OjGRDQKQJKLSFKX\rQ[k\GQJFiFF{QJWUuQKGRDQKWKXWURQJQPFD&{QJW\XWQJWUQJOLrQWF

&{QJWiFTXQ OYjFFKKRWQJ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJK

&{QJWiF.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKFWULQNKDLFyNKRFKKjQJQP1KjWUQJm[k\GQJFKLQOFSKiWWULQ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKWQJJLDLRQQP

1KjWUQJm[k\GQJ4X\FKFKLWLrXQLEPLEDQKjQKEQTX\FKPLWURQJQPOjPFVFKRKRWQJTXQOWjLFKtQK.KRDKFYj&{QJQJK

+ WKQJ FiF YQ EQ Yj TX\ WUuQK TXQ O .KRDKFYj&{QJQJKF[k\GQJYjFSQKW WKQJ[X\rQKjQJQPOjPFVQkQJFDRFKWOQJTXQO.+&1

m[k\GQJSKQJWKFKRWQJOLrQNWJLD+LQJ.KRDKFYjjRWRFD7UQJSKzQJ.+&1+747+L QJ NKRDKF Yj jR WR FiF NKRD+LQJNKRDKFFiFQY.+&1FiFGRDQKQJKLS

LQJFKX\rQYLrQFiQETXQ O.+&1FWRLXNLQQkQJFDRWUuQKYjFSQKWQKQJWK{QJWLQTXQO

+WKQJKWQJPQJSKFYTXQO.+&1FXWWQJEF

7K{QJWLQ.KRDKFYj&{QJQJK

1KjWUQJFK~WUQJF{QJWiFWK{QJWLQ.+&1+jQJTX7UQJ[XWEQ%QWLQKRWQJ.+&1YjjRWR1JRjLUD7UQJ[XWEQ7X\QWS.+&1Yj7X\QWS&{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFXNKRDKFFDVLQKYLrQKjQJQPWURQJyFyQJWLFiFF{QJWUuQK1&.+Yj&*&1FDJLQJYLrQYjVLQKYLrQ%rQFQKFiFQSKPWUrQ9LQ.LQWU~F1KLWL9QSKzQJ7YQFiF7UXQJWkPYjFiF&{QJW\FzQ[XWEQFiFQSKPULrQJ5LrQJJLiRWUuQKYjFiFQSKPSKFYjRWRUWFTXDQWkP1KjWUQJmWFKFELrQVRQYj[XWEQFXViFKYLWQJNLQKSKtOj

7QP1KjWUQJ[XWEQ7SFKt.KRDKF.LQWU~F;k\GQJYLVOQJVQPEQVWKHRJL\SKpSV*3%7777FD%7K{QJWLQYj7UX\QWK{QJ

iQKJLiKLXTXWF

+LXTXFDRSKFYVQJKLSJLiRGFjRWR

.+&1mJySSKQTXDQWUQJQkQJFDRFKWOQJjRWR7K{QJTXDFiFWjL1&.+YFLWLQQLGXQJFKQJ WUuQK jR WR FiF QJjQK KF P FiF QJjQKPLFLWLQSKQJSKiSG\YjKFFLWLQQLGXQJFKQJWUuQKFiFP{QKF.+&1mJySSKQjRWRQkQJFDRWUuQKQKkQOFFKR1KjWUQJYj[mKL

1KjWUQJmjRWRFKRWQFWURQJJLDLRQ.76.6[k\GQJ.6+WQJNWKXWYj 0{L WUQJ { WK 7K6 Yj 76 FiF FKX\rQQJjQK

7UXQJ WkP QkQJ FDR QQJ OF Yj 1JKLrQ FX {WK FD7UQJ OLrQ WFPFiF NKRijR WR WKHR FiF

FKX\rQQJjQKFSQKWNLQWKFFKRFiFFiQEWLFiFDSKQJWURQJFQF

.KRDKFYj&{QJQJKyQJJySWtFKFFFKRSKiWWULQNLQKW[mKLFDWQF

9SKFYSKiWWULQNLQKW[mKLFiFWjLGR1KjWUQJTXQOYjWKFKLQmJLLTX\WFiFYQWKHR\rXFXFD WKF WQkQJFDRKLXTXFKW OQJFDVQSKPJySSKQYjRVQJKLSF{QJQJKLSKRiKLQLKRiWQF

&iF VQSKPNKRDKF FD FiF Q Y KRW QJNKRDKFYjFKX\QJLDRF{QJQJKSKFYWUFWLSFKRVSKiWWULQFDQJjQK;k\GQJ9LW1DP

WKLXTXFDR WURQJ YLFX W FiFGiQ WQJFQJQQJOFQJKLrQFX

7LP OF .KRD KF Yj &{QJ QJK F 7UQJ mFWQJFQJYjSKiWWULQ

7UuQKFKX\rQP{QFDLQJJLQJYLrQFQkQJFDRFE[XQJFiFFiQEFyWUuQKFDRFiFWLQVWKFVjRWRWURQJYjQJRjLQFFiQEFjRWRELGQJQkQJFDRWUuQKWLQKFQJRLQJYjWX\QFKQQKkQWjL

7UDQJWKLWEFVYWFKWFiFSKzQJWKtQJKLPWKYLQSKFYjRWR1&.+FXWWQJEFYjDYjRKRWQJ

iQ SKiW WULQ.+&1QQPF1KjWUQJ[k\GQJYjWULQNKDLFyKLXTX

7UQJmjRWRKjQJQJKuQNLQWU~FVNVyQJ JyS QJXQ QKkQ OF TXDQ WUQJ FKR KRW QJ.+&1FDWQF

1Kj WUQJ m [k\ GQJ FPQJ OL QJKLrQFX.+&1WLFiFEP{QNKRD9LQ.LQWU~F1KLWLYjFiF7UXQJWkPQJKLrQFX

&FKTXQO.+&1FD7UQJWQJEFFLPL

9LFSKkQF{QJSKkQFS WURQJTXQ O.+&1FD7UQJWQJEFFKRjQWKLQWK{QJTXDFiFTX\QKU}UjQJYFKFQQJQKLPYYjWUiFKQKLPFDFiFQYWURQJ7UQJ

+WKQJTXQOWWUQJQFiFNKRDEP{QmFSKkQFSU}UjQJJySSKQWKFKLQFiFPFWLrXSKiWWULQFD7UQJ&iFYQEQSKiSTX\Y.+&1FD7UQJWKQJ[X\rQFKRjQWKLQFKRSKKSYLLXNLQWKFW

&iF WjLGiQ.+&1mEiPViWQKLPYSKiWWULQFD7UQJFDQJjQK;k\GQJYjLXNLQNLQKW [m KL FD W QF 1Kj WUQJ Fy F FK WX\QFKQFiFFiQKkQWFKFFKWUuWKFKLQFiFQKLPY.+&1PERGkQFKF{QJNKDL~QJFiFTX\QKFKXQJYjWKLXTXWULQNKDLYjFKWOQJVQSKP

1KQJLPKQFKYjQJX\rQQKkQ

1KQJLPKQFK

9LQJFiQE.+&1FzQWKLXFiQEXjQJLLL QJ FiQE WU N FQ WX\mFFK~ ELGQJQKQJYQWKLXQKLXYVOQJ

XWFKR.+&1FzQWKSWUDQJWKLWEFzQWKLX

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

6 TP CH KHOA HC KIN TRC - XY DNG

Hi tho khoa hc v tit kim nng lng


PWVWUDQJWKLWENK{QJQJEOFKX

&{QJWiFjRWRWX\mFyQKQJQOFYWEFQKQJYQFKDiSQJQKXFXQJXQQKkQOF.+&1FKWOQJFDRFKRQJjQK;k\GQJ

0LOLrQNWKXFJLD.+&1jRWRYjVQ[XWNLQKGRDQKJL7UQJYjGRDQKQJKLSFKDFKWFK

&FKTXQO.+&1FKDLPLYjWKHRNS\rXFXFDQQNLQKWWKWUQJSKQQjRFzQPDQJWtQKKjQKFKtQK

3KQJWKFTXQOKRWQJ.+&1FKDWLrQWLQGRFKDQJGQJF{QJQJKWK{QJWLQYjQKQJWKjQKWXFDNKRDKFTXQOPWFiFKWRjQGLQYjKWKQJ

L QJ FiQ E TXQ O .+&1 WX\ WKQJ [X\rQFjRWRELGQJQkQJFDRQQJOFQKQJKLQYQFKDiSQJWW\rXFXQJKLSYWURQJWuQKKuQKPL

7KWUQJ.+&1WURQJ7UQJFKDSKiWWULQNS\rXFXFKXQJ

1JX\rQQKkQFDQKQJKQFK

.LQK SKt GjQK FKR KRW QJ .KRD KF Yj &{QJQJKQKuQFKXQJFKDiSQJQKXFXSKiWWULQ

&FKTXQOWjLFKtQKFKDWRWKXQOLFKRFiFQKjNKRDKF&FKWFKWjLFKtQKFKDLOLQYLWFKYTXQOQKkQOFQrQKLXTXFzQKQFK

&KDFyLXNLQQJGQJUQJUmLQKQJWKjQKWXF{QJQJKWLQKFYjTXiQOKLQLYjRF{QJYLFFWKTXQOKRWQJ.+&1

&iQETXQOKRWQJ.+&1FKDFXWELGQJQkQJFDRQQJOFQJKLSYWKQJ[X\rQ

&iFGiQX WQkQJFDRQQJ OFQJKLrQFXFy WQJNLQKSKt WKSFKDiSQJQKXFXFD1KjWUQJ

+LXTX WKXF WKRWQJ.+&1FKDFDRVRYLQKQJKRWQJNLQKW[mKLNKiFGRyFKDQJYLrQNKX\QNKtFKFiFFiQEFyQQJOFYjWkPKX\W

1Kj QF FKD Fy QKQJ FKtQK ViFK QJ YLrQNKX\QNKtFKDGQJYjSKKSFKRQKQJQJLOjPF{QJWiF.+&1

,,,0761++1*9*,,3+31+0


WK{QFKLPNKRQJWULXQJL WO { WK KyD FKLP NKRQJ 9GEiRTX\KRFKVGQJWWQJTXW[k\GQJFWKjQKWKYjQ{QJWK{QNKRQJKDWURQJy W [k\ GQJ WKjQK WK FKLPNKRQJ KD W [k\ GQJQ{QJWK{QFKLPNKRQJKD1JXQ4X\KRFKFKXQJ7K{+j1L

+LQ QD\ +j 1L DQJ SKL LPW YL QKLX YQ WQ WL WURQJTXiWUuQK{WKKyDQKVSKiWWULQTXi W,YFiFPWGFKY\ WFVJLiRGF{QKLPP{,WUQJKWKQJJLDRWK{QJQWFGRNK{QJNLP VRiW F TXi WUuQK JLD WQJGkQVQKWOjKLQWQJGLGkQWFiFYQJSKFQYjRWKjQKSKWuP NLP YLF OjP 7KLX FiF FKLQOFYjFKtQKViFKNLPVRiWTXQO{WKJk\OmQJSKtWjLQJX\rQWDLYjQJXQOFXW

0WWURQJFiFYQTXDQWUQJFQFWLSWFQJKLrQFXYjJL,TX\W WURQJ TXi WUuQK WULQ NKDL YjWKF KLQ TX\ KRFK+j1L Oj JLLTX\W FiF iS OF { WK KyD DQJQJj\PWJLDWQJYLWFFDROjPQKKQJQKWKQJGLVQYQKyDYjFQKTXDQFD+j1LFQJQKKWKQJFiFOjQJFYHQ{YjTXWQ{QJQJKLS

1JKLrQFXTXiWUuQKKuQKWKjQKYj SKiW WULQ FD +j1L FK~QJ WDQKQ WK\ U} UjQJ Oj W QP YXD / 7KiL 7 GL { W +RD /1LQK%uQKUDWKjQK7KQJ/RQJWULTXDWKN+j1LYLFiFWrQJL7KQJ /RQJ {QJ{ +j1L WX\OX{QyQJYDLWUzOjWKSKFD1KjQF SKRQJ NLQ FiF WKL QKj /7UQ /r 1JX\Q QKQJ YL TX\P{UWQKFKEDRJPNKXWKjQKFNKXSKFSKSKQJQPFD{YjPWVOjQJQJKWUX\QWKQJYHQ { QK 1KW 7kQ 1JKL 7jP4XQJ%i%L.LP/LrQ7UXQJ7%FK0DL+RjQJ0DLQFXLWKN;,;7KF GkQ3KiS [kPFKLPQF WDYj WURQJVXW WKL N3KiSWKXF+j1LFQJFKSKiW WULQPFQKSKFYFKRFKtQKViFKFDLWUFD3KiSOj[k\GQJWKrPFiFNKXSK3KiSWLNKX%DuQK+RjQ.LPFiFNKXSKFGRQJL9LW[k\PWSKQNKX+DL%j7UQJYjQJD7KLNVDXKzDEuQK OSOLWQPPFGFzQQKLXNKyNKQYNLQKWYjQKLPY X WUDQK WKQJ QKW W QF+j1LFQJQKQFVTXDQWkPFDQJYj1KjQFYjSKiWWULQ

WKrPFiFNKXQKjWSWKQK.LP/LrQ7UXQJ77KjQK&{QJ*LQJ9}0DL+QJ

7KLNVDXWKQJQKWWQFW PF G FzQ QKLXNKyNKQKQFKYNLQKWWKLNVDX FKLQ WUDQK QKQJ YL F FK1Kj QF Yj QKkQ GkQ FQJ OjP+j1LFQJmSKiWWULQWQJLPQKFYFKLXUQJOQFKLXVkXQKQJ FQJ FzQ GQJPF WQJQJL GkQ W FL WKLQ FK FzQ1Kj QF FQJ FK WS WUXQJ [k\GQJQKQJFVVQ[XWYjWUVFTXDQOjPYLFPFKQFK7KLNLPLWQQD\GRQJYj1KjQFWKFKLQQJOLSKiWWULQNLQKW[mKLWKHRFFKWKWUQJFyQKKQJ[mKL

FKQJKDNLQKWFQFQyLFKXQJYj +j 1L QyL ULrQJ m Fy QKQJFKX\QELQ WWLVQJQKkQGkQWQJ EF F FL WKLQ [m KLWKF KLQ GkQ FK Yj P ER DQQLQKNLQKWSKiWWULQWRjQGLQYjQQK&QJWURQJWKLNQj\7K{+j1LmFyQKQJWKD\LOQYGLQPR{WKQKLXNKX{WKPLPF OrQQK/LQKjPQK&{QJ0uQK07Uu1DP7KQJ/RQJOjQJTXFW7KQJ/RQJ7UXQJ+zD1KkQ&KtQK7UXQJ

12 TP CH KHOA HC KIN TRC - XY DNG 13 S 3 - 2010Hnh 3. Khu th Vit Hng Hnh 6. }nh lng Vn PhcHnh 4. Khu th Trung Ho - Nhn Chnh Hnh 7. }nh lng Kim Lin

WUXQJWkPVLrXWKEX{QEiQVPXW7UrQWWFFiFSKSKQJYjWURQJWWFFiFQJ}KPFD+j1LPLQKjPLQJLW\WKHRNKQQJNLQKWYjQKXFXVGQJXDQKDX[k\GQJOLKRF[k\GQJPLQJ{LQKjFDPuQKYLTX\P{WUXQJEuQKWWQJ%WXWWKLNQj\QKjFDW DL [k\GQJEW QJVQNK{QJFKOjWjLVQOQFyJLiWUPjFzQOjORLKjQJKyDFELWFyNKQQJPDQJOLOLQKXQNLQKWFDR*Li F QKj FD W DL [k\ GQJEWQJVQ WQJQKDQKYL WFFKyQJ PW +LQ QD\ WUrQ D EjQWRjQ WKjQK SK Fy NKRQJ WUrQ GiQOQDQJWULQNKDLXW

4XiWUuQKSKiWWULQ{WKKyDFD7K{+j1LmKQJOQOWQFiF OjQJ TXr WUX\Q WKQJ Fy Y WUtWtQK WYjQKDL WKjQKSK WU UD*LDLRQXWQKQJQPWKSNFDWKN;;OjFiFOjQJYHQ{ViWQJD\YjQKDLYjQKDLFDWKjQK SK QK 1JF +j %L$Q7KiL9}QJ7K1JKL7jP4XQJ%i/iQJ+/iQJ7UXQJ/iQJ7KQJ/LQK jP *LDL RQ W QKQJQPWKSNFDWKN;;OjFiFOjQJYHQ{ WURQJNKXYFYjQKDL YjQK DL FD WKjQK SK QK0 LQK 0 7Uu QK &{QJ 3KiS9kQ .LP /LrQ 3KQJ /LrQ 1DP7KQJ /RQJ {QJ 1JF ;XkQ /D;XkQQK&1KX1KW7kQ3K~7KQJ 'FK 9QJ 0DL 'FK


7X\ Y\ FiF QJ{L OjQJ WUX\QWKQJYHQ{FD+j1LNK{QJWKJLQJX\rQKLQWUQJEDQXWUFiSOF{WKKyDQJj\FjQJJLDWQJYL WF FDR FD TXi WUuQK SKiWWULQ[k\GQJ7K{+j1LXWLrQOjV[XWKLQFDKjQJORWFiF{WKPLQK/LQKjPQK&{QJ0uQK07Uu1DP7KQJ/RQJ/jQJ TXF W 7KQJ /RQJ 7UXQJ+zD 1KkQ &KtQK 7UXQJ


KHOA HC & CNG NGH

KjQJYLFiFVQSKPF{QJQJKLSQrQQJKWUX\QWKQJGRWWLrQFKD{QJOLEPDLPWYjGQELQPWQKQJKVQ[XWJL\YLWFiFVFFKFDFiF9XDWULXLSKRQJNLQ FD OjQJ


FKWYjWLQKWKQFDQKLXJLDuQKQJLGkQYHQ{m WWKQ WUFQKLX OQQKFyNKRQ WLQ OQGREiQ W K Fy WK [k\ QKjPL WRS KQ [D YL FiF WUDQJ WKLW EWLQQJKLSKFYVLQKKRWJLDuQKKLQLLPLQKWLYLWOQKEGjQ QJKH QKF NDUDRNH EjQ JKJLQJ WFQL WKW [HPi\{ W{+Fy WKXW OjPQVQ[XW NLQK GRDQK EX{Q EiQ FKX\QL QJK QJKLS WKtFK QJKL YLKRjQFQKPL%DQFiLPFYjVLQKKRWKjQJQJj\FDKFQJWWOrQQKLXFRQFiLFDKFyWKGjQKQKLX WKL JLDQ KF KjQK WW KQWQJODLFDKYjFRQFKiXKFyLXNLQWjLFKtQKERPWWKQQKViQJYQKyDYjOLVQJ{WKDQJ GQ GQ KzD QKS YjR FXFVQJFD WQJJLDuQKKGkQFiFOjQJTXrYHQ{ WUX\Q WKQJ WURQJTXiWUuQK{WKKyD7X\Y\PWWUiLFDYQSKiWWULQ{WKKyDFD7K{+j1LWiFQJQFiFOjQJTXrWUX\QWKQJYHQ{FQJNK{QJSKLOjQK7UFKWOjPWVQJKWUX\QWKQJWKF{QJmEPDLPWYjWKWWUX\QGRNK{QJFzQSKKSYLFXFVQJKLQLKRFGRNK{QJFzQ KS GQ Yj VF FQK WUDQKYLWKWUQJKjQJF{QJQJKLSKLQLWLSyOjFXFVQJYjF{QJQYLF OjP FD KjQJ QJjQ KjQJ YQQJLGkQQJRLWKjQKNKLNK{QJFzQWVQ[XWQ{QJQJKLS

9PWNLQWU~FTX\KRFKTXiWUuQKSKiWWULQ{WKKyDFD7K{+j1LmKQJVkXVFQGLQPR NLQ WU~FTX\ KRFK FD FiFOjQJTXrWUX\QWKQJYHQ{9PWWtFKFF WUFKWQKFyTXW

Q{QJ QJKLS FD FiF OjQJ TXr YHQ{FiFNKX{WKPLFUDLmJLLTX\WFFKFKRKjQJWULXQJLGkQWKjQKSKGLQPRNLQWU~FTX\KRFKFD7K{mFFL WKLQ iQJ N 7LS y E PWNLQWU~FFDFiFOjQJTXrYHQ{mQKDQKFKyQJFyQKQJLPLQKV OQJ NKi QKLX FiF F{QJ WUuQKELWWKQKjOLrQNF[k\GQJWURQJPL OjQJ Y S NLQ WU~F YjFKW OQJ [k\ GQJ FD WQJQKjQyL FKXQJ Oj NKi WW 7LS y Oj VKQJWKFiFXmLFDKWKQJKWQJNWKXW{WKWKjQKSKQKKWKQJFXQJFSLQVLQKKRWYjVQ [XW K WKQJ FXQJ FS QFVFKK WKQJ WK{QJ WLQ OLrQ OFmFDQWKHRQKXFXFDWQJKJLDuQKWURQJWWFFiFOjQJTXrYHQ{7X\QKLrQQKQJQKKQJWLrXFFQGLQPRNLQWU~FTX\KRFKFDFiFOjQJTXrWUX\QWKQJYHQ{FQJQKQKQJKTXFDTXiWUuQK{WKKyDFiFOjQJTXrYHQ{ WiF QJ WU OL YL P{L WUQJVQJFD7K{FQJNK{QJSKLOjQK7UFKWYLFWSKiEQKQJFQQKjWUDQKQKjQJyLFNWQJWL WjQ FKW FKL NpP WLQ QJKL WKD\YjRyQKQJQJ{LQKj WRSKQWLQQJKLKQWKHRQJX\QYQJFD WQJKJLDuQK OjFKtQKiQJYjFQ WKLW VRQJGRNK{QJFyTX\KRFKYjTXQO[k\GQJQrQPFGWQJQJ{LQKj[k\PLFyWRSQ kX L FKQJ QD QP [HQ NYL QKQJ QJ{L QKj F WURQJ OjQJWKrPYjRyEQWKkQFiFQJ{LQKjPL OL PL FiL PW NLX YL FKLXFDR NKiF QKDX KQJ QKj NKiFQKDXWKuEFWUDQKWQJWKYNLQ

WU~FTX\KRFKFDPLOjQJTXrYHQ{VWUQrQOPNKPNFKFPWSQKDPPWL V WKXQNKLW YjWKLX WtQK WKQJ QKW 7LS y PW[k\GQJWLFiFOjQJTXrYHQ{GQGQWQJOrQNqPWKHRQyOjGLQWtFKFk\[DQKPWQFFQJJLPGQ[XQJQJWKLFiFNKX{WKPLYLTX\P{OQOQOWPFOrQOjPFKRFKWOQJP{LWUQJ[DQKFDWKjQKSKJLPLiQJNFKFQQJ LX KzD NK{QJ NKt LX KzDWKRiWQFYjOiSKL[DQKFKRWKjQKSK FD FiF OjQJ TXr YHQ { KXQKNK{QJFzQ WiFGQJFQK[D0WNKiFFiFGLQWtFKWQ{QJQJKLSYHQ{E{WKKyDSK\QKj FD QJ [i FzQ EQ WKkQWURQJFiFOjQJTXrWKuFiFDRKEOSLEiQW[k\QKj&QKWKWQJGLQWtFKDRKLXKzDWUQFPDFQJQK WQJGLQ WtFKPWWFyWKWKPWKXQFPDFDWRjQWKjQKSKJLPLiQJNPWFiFKQKDQKFKyQJWKrPYjRyKWKQJWLrXWKRiWQFPDQFWKLFDWRjQWKjQKSKFKDQQJOFJLLTX\WWKRiWQFWLrX~QJNSWKL%LY\PLNKLWULFyPDWRWURQJYjLJLQJKWURQJQKLXNKX YF QL QJRL WKjQK FD WKjQKSK+j1LEQJS~QJFQJLJk\WFQJKQJLDRWK{QJYjWKLWKLWjL VQNK{QJQK9tGQK WURQJWUQ OW FXL QP QKLX YQJWURQJ WKjQKSKEQJSQFPDKzD WUQ QF WKL WURQJ YjL QJj\FKQQJQQKWOjNKXYF


TS.KTS. VNG HI LONG

}nh gi thc trng s dng tV T CHC KHNG GIAN CC KHU } TH MI TI H NI

WYQ4XiWUuQK{WKKRiDQJGLQ

UDYLWFFDRWLFiFWKjQKSK9LW1DPFELWOj+j1LYLYWKWK{FQJFiFKRWQJNLQKWFKtQKWUYQKRi[mKLTXDQ WUQJ NKiF WR WKjQK LPKSGQWKXK~WWSWUXQJGkQFYjNpRWKHROjQKXFXOQYQKjYFKW Yj OQJ+j1L FQFyTXW{ WK UW OQiSQJ QKX FX 9LF WKjQK SKOLrQ WFP UQJ EiQ NtQK FQJSKQQjRNKQJQKLXQj\

&iF NKX { WK PL .70F[k\GQJJLDLRQYDTXDm EF O QKLX WQ WL Yj PkXWKXQ0{LWUQJWURQJ.70FKDiSQJFQKXFXVGQJ FD QJL GkQ GRPW [k\GQJFDRQKQJWKLXNK{QJJLDQ Fk\ [DQK FiF F{QJ WUuQKF{QJFQJFK[H

7URQJ NKL TX W GjQK FKRSKiWWULQQKjUWWKLXWKQWKuWURQJFiF.70FK[k\GQJFiFF{QJ WUuQK Q FKF QQJ GjQWULWUrQPWW+LQWLQKQJNKXYFQLWKjQKWKXQWLQFKRSKiW WULQ QKj { WK m NKDQKLP NKLQ WKjQK SK SKL WULQNKDL QKLX G iQ NKX PL WLFiF Y WUt [D KQ LX Qj\ GQQWQJFKLSKtXWKWKQJN WKXW K WQJ FiF F{QJ WUuQKWR OS { WK NKiF Yj WiF QJQ FXF VQJ VLQK KRW FDQJLGkQWURQJ{WK iQK JLi WKF WUQJ V

GQJWTXDPWVFKWLrXNWKXWYjNKRViWWKFW'LQ WtFK FD QKLX G iQ

.70+j1LNK{QJWTX\P{\rXFX

7FiFVOLXFD.70WL +j 1L WKHR 6 4X\ KRFKNLQWU~FWKjQKSK+j1LTX\P{ FiF G iQ .70 FWQJKSWURQJEQJ

1KLXGiQ.70FWULQNKDLWWUFQrQNKLVRViQKTX\P{ WKHR 1JK QK V 1&3 QJj\ FD&KtQKSKY4X\FKNKX{WKPLFKRWK\

&iFGiQ.70FyTX\P{WUrQKDFKLP

&iF G iQ .70 Fy TX\P{WLWKLXWKDFKLP

&iF G iQ .70 Fy TX\P{QKKQKDFKLP7KF FKW k\ FK Oj FiF QKyPQKjQOJQQKFKEWUtQKj FDR WQJ FiF FKF QQJSKFYFKRNKXGDYjRFiFF{QJWUuQKVQFy[XQJTXDQK

1KY\FiF.70mF[iF QK Yj W \rX FX Y TX\P{ WKHR 4X\ FK .70 FKLPNKRQJ 7URQJ V Qj\ YQFzQQKLXGiQDQJ WURQJJLDLRQ WULQNKDL FKXQEX WKRFDQJ[k\GQJYjPLFKPW SKQ ED V OQJ Qj\ mKRjQFKQKDYjRVGQJ6OQJFiF.70NK{QJW \rXFX Y TX\P{ GLQ WtFK W VNKyWFKFNK{QJJLDQNLQWU~FGRNK{QJiSGQJWLrXFKXQQjRk\ FQJ Oj QJX\rQ QKkQ QKLXGiQQKj[k\GQJJLDLRQYD TXD WKLX FiF WKjQK SKQFKFQQJWURQJNKX&K WLrX W FiF WKjQK SKQ

FKFQQJWURQJ.70WL+j1LNK{QJ QJ X FKD iS QJQKX FX V GQJ KuQK WKF W

Tm tt: &iFNKX{WKPLF[k\GQJJLDLRQYDTXDmEFOQKLXWQWLYjPkXWKXQ0{LWUQJWURQJNKX{WKPLFKDiSQJFQKXFXVGQJFDQJLGkQPW[k\GQJFDRQKQJWKLXNK{QJJLDQFk\[DQKFiFF{QJWUuQKF{QJFQJ

FK[H7K{QJTXDYLFiQKJLiWKFWUQJVGQJWTXDPWVFKWLrXNWKXWYjNKRViWWKFWEjLEiR[XWFQFyQJKLrQFXOWKX\WP{KuQKWKSNK{QJJLDQNLQWU~FWURQJNKX{WKPLWL+j1LSKKSYLLXNLQFWKPERQKXFXVGQJOkXGjLWLWNLPWjLQJX\rQWYjWKtFKQJYLWQJYWUtWURQJ

{WK

Abstract:1HZXUEDQDUHDVZKLFKKDYHEHHQEXLOWUHFHQWO\KDYHH[SRVHGPDQ\SUREOHPVDQGFRQWUDGLFWLRQV7KH

HQYLURQPHQWKHUHGRHVQRWPHHWWKHXVLQJGHPDQGVRILQKDELWDQWVVXFKDVKLJKFRQVWUXFWLRQGHQVLW\ZLWKWKHGHILFLHQF\RIJUHHQWUHHVSDFHSXEOLF

ZRUNVSDUNLQJSODFHVHFW%\DVVHVVLQJFXUUHQWVWDWXVRIODQG

XVHWKURXJKVRPHWHFKQLFDOVWDQGDUGVDQGSUDFWLFDOVXUYH\VWKLVSDSHUSURSRVHVWKDWLWLVQHFHVVDU\WR

FRQGXFWWKHRUHWLFDOUHVHDUFKHVRQFRPSOH[PRGHORIDUFKLWHFWXUDOVSDFHFRQIRUPDEOHWRVSHFLILFFRQGLWLRQVHQVXULQJORQJWHUPXVHVDYLQJODQG

UHVRXUFHVDQGVXLWDEOHWRHDFKORFDWLRQLQQHZXUEDQDUHDVRI+DQRL

FKFOmQJSKtNK{QJJLDQ+LQWLFiFGiQ.70XiS

GQJ WKHR 7LrX FKXQ 4X\ FKXQ[k\ GQJ 9LW 1DP GD WUrQ WLrXFKXQGjQKFKRWKLWNWLXNKXYjNKXQKjWUFk\0WWKFWOjGRFFXVGQJWFDFiFNK{QJJLDQFKFQQJErQWURQJFQJQKTX\QKFKRYLFOSTX\KRFKFKLWLW PW NKX YF { WK FKD \ QrQ WURQJ TXi WUuQK WKLW N TX\KRFK .70 FiF G iQ Fy WK{QJVFKWLrXNKiFQKDXSKWKXFYjRWKLLP[k\GQJYWUtDOLXNLQP{LWUQJWQKLrQ[mKLFKX W L WQJ V GQJ7 VOLXFKWLrXWFiFWKjQKSKQFKFQQJFD.70W \rXFXTX\P{ WKHR 4X\ FK .70 m F[k\GQJWUrQDEjQ+j1LFyWKiQKJLiFKXQJQKVDX

9 QKj &K WLrX W [k\GQJQKjFD.70[k\GQJJLDLRQVDXFKLPFDRKQ7&91 FKQJ W ErQ FQK [X

KQJQkQJFDRFKWOQJJLPPWFWU~WKuFKtQKORLKuQKELWWKWKD\WKQKjFKLDO{mNKLQTXW QKj WURQJ .70 WQJ /RLKuQKQKjQj\FKLPQKLXWJk\OmQJSKtWjLQJX\rQWLYL{WKOQQK+j1L WURQJ NKL JLD FiFQKj FK FiFK QKDX NKRQJ PNK{QJPERNK{QJJLDQULrQJWWURQJVGQJ

9 JLDR WK{QJ VkQ QJ5LrQJ FK WLrX W VkQ QJ FDF .70 FKLP X FDRKQ7&91QKQJWKFWWQJOjGRFiF ORLQKjELW WKFKLPWO FDR NKLQ K WKQJ QJ FQJSKL NpR GjL Yj QJ WKL FKLD FWNKXWKjQKFiF{ELWOSYLQKDXWiFQJQLVQJVLQKKRWFDGkQFFELWOjQJLJLjWUHP1JD\VSKiWWULQFDSKQJWLQ{W{FiQKkQFQJOjQJX\rQQKkQWQJFKLX UQJ K WKQJ QJ WURQJ.70WPWOjQ[HNKRQJPOrQWLWKLXOjP6JLDWQJQKDQK

FKyQJ FiF SKQJ WLQ JLDR WK{QJFiQKkQQKW Oj[H{W{NKLQGLQWtFKJDUDJHXETXiWL.70YQ SKL E WUt FiF EmL [H WUrQPWWWURQJNKLGLQWtFKFk\[DQKVkQFKLYQFzQWKLX

9F{QJWUuQKF{QJFQJ&7&&&K WLrX W &7&& FD .70FKLPmWQJVR7&91WX\ QKLrQ YQ FKD iS QJ FQKXFXVGQJFDQJLGkQ7WFFiFQKjFDRWQJXVGQJWQJErQGLEWUtKWKQJ&7&&FKRWKXrSKFYQKXFX[HWX\QKLrQNK{QJWRFNK{QJJLDQEiQF{QJFQJKD\WRNKRQJP FKX\Q WLS JLD NK{QJ JLDQ SKtD WUrQYLNK{QJJLDQF{QJFQJErQ GL 7URQJ NKL WKLX GLQ WtFK E WUt FiF&7&& KuQK WKF [k\GQJFiFF{QJWUuQKQj\OLQLXGjQWULFKDNKDLWKiFKWFiFJLiWUNK{QJJLDQ

&iFF{QJWUuQKQOFDRQ WQJQP UL UiF WURQJ NKL Fy WK

4X\P{6 6GiQ 7OWUrQWQJVGiQ7OWUrQVGiQm[iF

QK

6KD

KD6KD

KD6KD

KD6KD

KD6KD

6!KD

;iFQKVDXWKHRGiQ

Bng 1. Tng hp quy m cc d n khu th mi

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

Hnh 2. Va h, ng giao thng trong cc K}TM lun b chim dng

Hnh 1. Hnh nh dy bit th trong K}TM khng khc bit vi nh chia l


WSWUXQJQKLX&7&&OL WKjQKPWTXQWK

&iFEmL[HF{QJFQJVkQWHQQLVVkQWKWKDROjFQWKLWLYLQKXFXVLQKKRWFDQJLGkQQKQJYLF[k\GQJFiFF{QJWUuQKQj\ WUrQPWWVFKLPGLQ WtFKFiFNK{QJJLDQNKiF

9 Fk\ [DQK &K WLrX W Fk\[DQKTXiWKLXFyWL.70FKLP WKS KQ7&91k\ OjWKjQKSKQtWFFK~XWYjFQJOLOjNK{QJJLDQGEOQFKLPQKW&k\[DQKEWUtNK{QJWSWUXQJNW QL WR WKjQK QKQJ PQJ Fk\OQKuQKWKFEWUtQKLX WKPFEQ KRD S WKP FKt F VkQ JROIQK.70&LSXWUDVSKKSYLFiFQF&KkXXKQOjFiFQFQKLWLFQQKLXFk\WREyQJPiW

.WTXiQKJLiFiFNK{QJJLDQFKFQQJ WURQJ.70TXDQJKLrQFX WKF WUQJF WSKS WURQJEQJ.KDL WKiF NK{QJ JLDQ FKLX VkX

YjFKLXFDRWURQJFiF.70iQK JLi NKDL WKiF NK{QJ JLDQ

WURQJ FiF .70 WL +j 1L WK{QJTXDYLFF WSKSNKRViWVWQJFDRVF{QJWUuQKVGQJWQJKP Yj V OQJ WQJ F{QJ FQJWURQJQKjFDRWQJFWSKSWURQJEQJ

&KLXFDRQKjFKXQJF WURQJFiF.70QKVDX

&yQKjFDRWQJORLKuQK QKj Qj\ FK \X F [k\GQJWURQJ.709LW+QJ

3KELQQKWOjQKjFDRWQJFyFKLXFDRWWQJFKLPWO

6OQJQKjFDRWQJWWQJtWFKFKLP

7 OQKjFDRWQJWWQJ UW tW FKLP Yj WUrQ WQJPLFKFyGX\QKWF{QJWUuQKF [k\ GQJ WURQJ .70 7UXQJ+Rj1KkQ&KtQKFKLPWO

&KXQJ F WQJ NK{QJ GjQKWQJ SKtD GL OjP GFK Y KRF&7&&QKQJ WW F FiF QKj FDRWQJWWQJWUOrQXEWUt7X\QKLrQVOQJQKjFDRWQJFyEWUtQWQJFKFKLPWURQJNKLVOQJEWUtWQJFKLP

6 GQJ WQJ KP&y F{QJWUuQKQKjWURQJFiF.70VGQJNKDL WKiF WQJKP WX\QKLrQWOQj\FKWSWUXQJQKLXQKWWL

.707UXQJ+Rj1KkQ&KtQKYLWO&iFQKjFDRWQJGLWQJNK{QJ OjP WQJKPFKFyFiFF{QJ WUuQK FDR WUrQ WQJ PL VGQJWQJKP

LX Qj\ FKR WK\ YLF NKDL WKiFFiFNK{QJJLDQFKLXVkXYjFKLXFDRWURQJFiF.70FzQUWKQFK.WOXQ7FiFYQWKFWQrXWUrQFQ

FyQJKLrQFXOWKX\WP{KuQKWKSNK{QJJLDQNLQWU~FWURQJNKX{WKPL WL+j1LSKKSYLLXNLQFWKPERQKXFXVGQJOkXGjL WLW NLP WjL QJX\rQ W Yj WKtFKQJ YL WQJ Y WUt WURQJ { WK *LLTX\WYQQj\NK{QJFKQWKXQKQFKVGQJWjLQJX\rQW{WKPjFQFyJLLSKiSNKDLWKiFKLXTXNK{QJ JLDQ WURQJ NKX { WK PL WQJJLiWUVGQJFDWWUiQKWuQKWUQJWLWNLPSKiW WULQQyQJYuFiFPFWLrXWUFPWQKQJOLJk\OmQJSKtOQWURQJWQJODL

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

7KjQKSKQFKFQQJ iQKJLiWKFWUQJ

&FXQKj

0W[k\GQJGjQWULYjG\F7 OFFXQKj[k\XWLFiFNKXYFNKiFQKDX WURQJ{WK7KLXWSKiWWULQORLQKj[mKL &KW OQJ ELW WK FKD WWLrXFKXQ &K X W PL FK TXDQ WkPQ V OQJ NLQK W [k\ GQJQrQFKWOQJFKDFDR

+WKQJGFKY&7&&

7LrXFKXQW[k\GQJWUrQFVTX\P{FDWLXNKXF&KDWKtFKQJYLQQNLQKWWKWUQJ7KLXWSKiWWULQGRNK{QJGEiR FQKX FX SKiW WULQFD[mKL&KXWNK{QJFK~WUQJXWFELWOjFiFNK{QJJLDQJLDRWLSFQJQJ

+WKQJFk\[DQK

7KLX W WUQJ Fk\ Yj E FWJLPVRYL WLrXFKXQ7&91YjPWVQFWURQJNKXYF&KDFTXDQWkPQJPF SKiW WULQ P{L WUQJ EQYQJ'EOQFKLP%WUtPDQKP~QGjQWULNK{QJWSWUXQJ

+WKQJJLDRWK{QJ

+WKQJJLDRWK{QJLEFKDWiFK YL JLDR WK{QJ F JLL Jk\PWDQWRjQ .K{QJ G EiR F QKX FXSKiWWULQFD[mKLQrQWKLXFK[H/QFKLPFiFNK{QJJLDQNKiF[H&KXWFKDTXDQWkP~QJPF

&K WLrXWFiF WKjQKSKQFKFQQJ WURQJ.70WL+j1LNK{QJQJXFKDiSQJQKXFXVGQJKuQKWKFWFKFOmQJSKtNK{QJJLDQ

Bng 2. }nh gi cc khng gian chc nng trong K}TM

.70

6OQJFKXQJF

&KLXFDRWQJ 6WQJ&7&&GLQKjFDRWQJ6WQJKP

!

/LQKjP

QK&{QJ

7UXQJ+Rj1KkQ&KtQK

7UXQJ


KHOA HC & CNG NGH

WKQ FD 3KW JLiR QKP iS QJQKX FX WK SKQJ Yj WX KjQK W{QJLiR WtQ QJQJ FD FiF SKW WFKD.KPHFzQOjQLGLQUDFiFKRW QJ YQ KyD FQJ QJ OKL WUX\Q WKQJ QK7W F WUX\Q&K{OFKQPWKPk\ O{QWD OKL2RNRRPERNKRFFKtQKNKXFKDOjWUQJKFFK3DO\KFJLiROKFQJKFDFQJQJGkQ WF.KPH

.KiF YL FKD 9LW ErQ FQKWK3KWFzQFyWKWKQQKFKD7K\ FK~D /iQJ +j 1L WK 7R +QK Yj / 7KQ 7{QJ XOj QKkQ WKQ FKD FD QJL.KPH FK WK GX\ QKW F 3KW7KtFK &D0kX 1L 7URQJ FKD .KPH FK \X Oj WQJ3KW OjPSKRQJ SK~ NK{QJ JLDQ QL WKW WK3KW QJL .KPH NKDL WKiF WULWFiFWWKFWUQJPLrXWFKRWQJRQL FD3KWQK WQJ

3KW QJL WKLQ QKWQJ3KWQKSQLWEjQ WQJ3KWQJLWUrQUQWKQ0XFKDO-LQGDWQJ3KWQVLQK3KWWURQJWWKNKKQK0W WURQJQKQJ\XWWRQrQKLX TX NKiF ELWJLD FiF ORL WQJy Oj QKQJ FKL WLWPjXVFWUDQJWUtWUrQWUDQJSKFFDWQJ3KWUWNKiFQKDX

&KD FD QJL.KPHFKDQJYjFKXQKKQJQKLXFD FiF \X W YQKyD7KiL/DQYj&DP-SXFKLD 1JK WKXWNLQ WU~F .KPH FzQ

OXOLFKRQQJj\QD\WSWUXQJYjRKQQJ{LFKDQPULUiFNKSFiFDSKQJQLQJL.KPHFWU~1KLXFKDQL WLQJQK6DP-URQJHN WQJ WUX\Q F [k\ WQPFzQOXJLPWVWQJF1RULDEQJiTX&KD$QJNRU-HWWH3DOLFzQJLOjFKDQJFKD.DPSRQ\QL[SUGOH WrQ NKiF Oj FKD+DQJFKD0RQJ5D\FKD'LOjQKQJQJ{LFKDSQLWLQJWOkXYLQKLXQpWFWUQJFDNLQWU~F.KPH 0L FKD F [k\ GQJ QKLX QLrQ L NKiF QKDX VRQJQKQJ F WK Yj F WUQJ WUX\QWKQJ.KPHYQFOXJL

7QJQJYLQJL9LWFKD9LW OX{QJQ OLQ YL VLQKKRW LVQJ YQ KRi WtQ QJQJ WKXFYPW FQJ QJ OjQJ [m WKu FKD.KPH FQJ [XW KLQ Yj WQ WLFQJYLPWFQJQJSKXPVyF

0L SKXP VyF WKQJ FyPW QJ{LFKD &KD WKQJ F OD FKQY WUt [k\ GQJ WUXQJ WkP NK{QJJLDQSKXPVyFWUrQNKXWUQJYjFDRFyKQJ WKtFKKS+jQJUjRQJQ FiFK NKX YF FKD YL NKXQKj FD F GkQ WURQJ SKXP VyFOjQKQJKjQJFk\F WKKRFFk\QWUiL.LXFXWU~FNK{QJJLDQQj\SKQJSKW KuQK GiQJ FDPW FXWU~FNK{QJJLDQWKWFF[DQJ{LQKj OQ WUXQJ WkP VLQK KRW FDWRjQFQJQJQPJLDFiFQJ{LQKjQKTXk\TXQ[XQJTXDQK0LQJ{LFKD.KPHFyNtFKWKFOQQKW\WKXFYjRYWUtLXNLQNLQKWFDWQJSKXPVyF

&KD9LWWKQJ[k\GQJOjPWTXQ WK FiF KQJ PF F{QJ WUuQKNLQ WU~F Fy QKLX FKF QQJ FDFKDJPQKQJQJ{LQKjVS[SFQK QKX KRF QL YL QKDX WKHRQKQJ P{ WKF QKW QK 1KQJNLXFKDNKiFQKDXSKWKXFYjRTX\P{YjFiFKEWUtFDWQJQJ{LQKjWURQJTXQWKFKD&KD9LWWUX\QWKQJFyEFFWQJWKPWEQJSKQJWKHRFK+iQFyGQJJLQJKuQKFKLQKKuQKFK&{QJKuQK FK 7DP Yj KuQK FK 4XF1KLX FKD Fy TX\ P{ OQ WURQJFKD FzQ FyPW V QJ{L QKj NKiFQKQKjWOjQLWKFiFWKKVWUWUuFDFKDmYLrQWFKKRFQKjWQJOjQLFiFOjQLFDFiFQKjVWQJQLJiFFKX{QJWKiSYjWDPTXDQ FQJ FKD &KD FzQ FEFFWKHRQKQJKuQKWKFNWKSQK1LF{QJQJRLTXF

6R ViQK YL FKD 9LW FKD.KPHFQJFyFKtQKLQQKjWQJQKjWKiSVDODFzQJLOjQKjNKiFKYjQKjFDVQJWUQKQJWQJ

Hnh 4. Cng cha Kim Lin - H Ni Hnh 5. Cng cha Khme Hnh 1. Mt bng ch Quc Hnh 2. Mt bng ch Tam

Hnh 3. Mt bng cha cha Khme

ThS.KTS. }NG TH LAN PHNG

TNG }NG V KHC BITtrong kin trc cha Khme Ty Nam b v cha Vit

'kQ WF .KPH7k\ 1DP % OjPWWURQJGkQWFDQKHPFKXQJVQJ WUrQWQF9LrW1DP.KiFYL QJL 9LW QJL .LQK F WU~SKkQ E NKS QL QJL .KPHFKFWU~WSWUXQJFK\XNKXYFFKtQK3KkQE UL UiF WL YQJYHQELQ6yF7UQJ%F/LrX.LrQJLDQJk\OjYQJQJSQFOQFyQKLr UQJ WUjP UQJF ORLEDRSK9QJLQ~LELrQJLL7k\1DP Yj WS WUXQJ QKW WL NKX YF7Uj9LQKWQK9QK/RQJk\OjYQJQJEQJQLFWU~F[DQKWFDQJL.KPH9LW1DP

m W OkX QJL .KPH F WU~WKjQKFPWKHRSKXPVyF+uQKWKFW FKF SKXP VyF Fy FX WU~F JQWQJQJYLFXWU~FOjQJ9LW

1JL .KPH 7k\ 1DP % FyPW QQ YQ KyD UW SKRQJ SK~ YjD GQJ 6F WKiL P j GkQ WF.KPHWUX\QWKQJFOXJLYjELXKLQU}QpWQKW WURQJNLQWU~F&KD PWF{QJ WUuQK WLrXELXFKRLVQJYQKRi.KPH

L YL GkQ WF .KPH QJ{LFKDFyY WUt TXDQ WUQJQKW WURQJLVQJYQKyDWLQKWKQFDFQJQJ1J{LFKDOjVWQJKzDFiFVF WKiL ULrQJ FD YQ KyD.KPH&KtQKWLQJ{LFKDFK~QJWDFyWKWK\FVLQKKRWFQJQJWURQJTXi NK KLQ WL Yj SKRQJ WF WSTXiQKRWQJW{QJLiRWtQQJQJFQJ FiF ORL KuQK QJK WKXW GkQJLDQNLQWU~FLrXNKFYjKLKDFDGkQWF.KPH

1JK WKXW E FF WR KuQK FDQJL .KPH F WK KLQ TXDFiFK VS W FiF NKL FKF QQJWURQJ NKX{Q YLrQ FKD Yj WURQJ FiFFKL WLW WUDQJ WUtF{QJSKX WP WLQKWWUrQFiFQJ{LFKDFDK6SKLKSFiFKD WLWKRDYQFiFKLXYjKuQKFiFYWKQ\ViQJWRYLVFPjXWURQJFiFNKXQJWUDQJWUtKuQKYX{QJKuQKWUzQFKQKWWDPJLiF WRKLXTXVLQKQJ UF UFKRFiFQJ{LFKD

&QJ YL PF tFK SKF Y WtQQJQJ Oj WK 3KW Yj K WKQJ

Tm tt: So snh kin trc cha

Khme vi cha Vit c s tng ng l mi ngi

cha u c khun vin ring v lun gn lin vi mt

cng ng lng x hoc mt cng ng phum v cng c mc ch s dng cho sinh hot vn ho tn ngng l

th Pht. Cha Vit v cha Khme cng c nhng im

khc bit. S cng phu, t m, tinh t trn mi b phn

ca ngi cha Vit v Khme lm nn bn sc ring

ca mi dn tc.

Abstract:&RPSDULQJWKHDUFKLWHFWXUHRI.KPHUSDJRGDDQG9LHWQDPHVH

SDJRGDWKHUHDUHVLPLODUFKDUDFWHUVWKDWLVHDFKRI

SDJRGDKDVLWVRZQSUHFLQFWDQGWKHVDPHXVHSXUSRVH

IRUUHOLJLRXVFXOWXUDODFWLYLWLHVEHLQJWKHWHPSOHRI%XGGKD%XW9LHWQDPHVHSDJRGDDQG.KPHUSDJRGDKDYHGLIIHUHQWSRLQWV(DFKRI.KPHUHWKQLFJURXSDQG9LHWQDPHVHHWKQLFJURXSKDVW\SLFDODQGVSHFLILFDUFKLWHFWXUHZRUNVDVWKH

SDJRGDDSDUWIURPDFTXLULQJWKHFRPPRQTXLQWHVVHQFH

RIHWKQLFJURXSVKRZHYHULWVWLOOUHWDLQVVHSDUDWHFXOWXUDO

FKDUDFWHUV


FD EF WDP FS WUF FKtQK LQ7QJ.\1RJQWUrQFiFXFWFDKjQK ODQJFKtQKLQ WD\PiLKLrQFKD7QJ7LrQJQQJ-KLrQJXFWKLrQ1JRjLUDFzQFyWQJFKLP WKQ*DUXGDFiFXFWEWQJErQFQJFKDWUrQFiFFKLFFWQJRjLKLrQ&QJFyNKLWQJ UQ [XW KLQ WUrQ YzP FDNKXQJFDV7KQJWKuWUrQNKXQJFDVFKtQKLQQJL WDKD\YQKQJE{QJF~FGQJQJX\rQVLQKWFFjQKOi7QJ&KQWKQJFEWUtQJWUFKDLErQFQJFKD KRF TXDQK FD FKtQK LQ7QJ 5uDKX F GQJ WUDQJWUt YzPFDKRFYzPPW WLQFDFKtQKLQ&QJFyNKLWQJFJQGFWQJKD\WUrQFiFFWFKtQKLQ

9QLWKWFKtQKLQJLDOjE WQJ 3KW KuQK WzD VHQ YX{QJYF Fy Q WQJPL WQJXFFKPKRFSKuQKFiQKVHQQJDKRFVSKRFQKLXOSFiQKKRDFiFKLX7UFEOjGLWKPSQLFWUDQJWUtNKiF{QJSKXYL KuQK5LDKXJLD [XQJTXDQKOjKuQKKRDGk\ OiFXQKuQKNKj;XQJ TXDQK E WQJ FzQ Fy UWQKLX UqP F SKQ OQJ EQJYL Fy WKrX FK QJ VF7UrQE OjWQJ3KW7KtFK&D0kX1LOQW JLD TXDQK y Fy QKLX WQJ3KWQK3KtDGLVDXOQJWQJ3KW OQ WKQJ Fy WQJ Q WKQW1XQJKRQJ3DUD WKRQ OjQJLERY3KWNKL3KWFR7UrQWUQFDFKtQKLQEDRJLFQJFyQKQJKuQKYKRFFKPQLPDQJFKFDQKQJFkXFKX\Q WKQWKRLF WtFK UWSKELQ WURQJLVQJ[mKL FDQJL.KPHQK

KuQK5uDKXQXWPW WUL KRFPWWUQJ +uQK WKQ 0DKDSUXP EQPW +uQK 3UHDK,Q PW [DQK FLYRLWUQJ+uQKQjQJ0HNKDODQJFPQJF Yj FKjQJ 5DPDVXD FP E~D+uQKWKQ1RUrQKLXWD\FLFKLP+uQK FKjQJ 3UHDK 5LrP EQ FXQJJLDRFKLQYL.U{QJ5LW&iFEFWQJFKtQKLQOLOjEWUDQKPLQKKD FKR QKQJ RQ L FD 3KW7KtFK&DWO~F3KWPLVLQKUDQWUQJ WKjQK+RjQJ7 UL +RjQJ7FWWyFLWXWKjQK3KWQKSF}L1LWEjQ

&y WKQyL FKtQKLQFDFKD.KPH Oj PW WQJ KS WiF SKPQJK WKXW WUX\Q WKQJ F WUQJVFQpWKL WFDFiF ORLKuQKQJK WKXW NLQ WU~F LrX NKF KLKD WURQJ PW WQJ WK KjL KzDWUX\QWKQJFDQJL.KPH7k\1DP%

.KiFYLEFFFKD.KPHL YjR F FKtQK LQ QL TXDQWUQJQKWFDQJ{LFKD9LWSKLLTXDQKjEiLQJWLQQJ*LD EiL QJ Yj QKj FKtQK LQQKLXFKDFKFyPWNKRQJWUQJNK{QJUQJOPO\ViQJ1KjEiLQJWKQJWELDiJKLVWtFKQJ{LFKD&KtQKJLDQKjOjKQJiQQL WKSKQJFKtQKFDFKD9LW

7URQJ QJ{L FKD FD QJL.KPHFzQFyFiFJLDQSKzQJUQJGQJ OjP FK F KjQK O GkQJFPYj WFKFFiFVLQKKRWFQJQJ WKHR SKRQJ WF WS TXiQ FDQJL.KPHKD\ OjQKjQFDVVmLFQJOjQKjKSYjyQWLSNKiFK WKS SKQJ .KL QKj Qj\FQJFEWUtKDLErQKRFSKtDVDX FKtQK LQ JL Oj VDOD FKD9LW FzQ F JL Oj KX QJKRF WQJ QJ QP ViW QJD\VDX FKtQK LQ KRF TXDPW KjQKODQJ V GQJ WLS NKiFK Yj OjQLVLQKKRWQFDVVmL WQJQL WURQJ FKD 7URQJ VDOD Fy EjQWK3KWYLQKQJEFWQJQK7UrQWQJYiFKYjWUQVDODFQJFyQKQJKuQKYWUDQJWUtFWUQJFDQJL.KPH

1JL.KPHFySKRQJWFKDWiQJQJL FKW QrQPL QJ{L FKD.KPHWKQJFyPWQKjWKLrX[iF.LXQKjWKLrXSKELQJPSKQ3KQWUrQOjQJNKyLWUzQFDRWKX{QYQKQJ3KQGL OjQJ{LQKjWKLrX KuQK YX{QJ Fy FD UD YjRKQJUDSKtD

0WFWUQJNKiFWURQJWQJWKNLQ WU~F FKD .KPH Oj Fy QKQJ

QJ{LWKiSWKiSFWFyNtFKWKFOQQKNKiFQKDXQPULUiFWURQJNKX YQ FKD [XQJ TXDQK FKtQKLQ.LQ WU~FFD WKiSFW WKQJJLQJQKDXYjJPSKQ&XWU~FFDWKiSYLEPiLPQKFDRKuQKWKiSNWKSYLSKQGLFK UDQKPiLKLrQ&KkQWKiSUQJKuQKYX{QJEQPWSKRDYQGk\ OiKRF SK LrX UQ WKQ Fy PW OQKKjLFWQJLFKW7KkQWKiSWKQJ Fy QKLX WQJ QK GQ OrQWUrQXWKiSFyJQPLQKQGjL&QJFyWKiSXWKQPW0D-KDSUXP 1JRjL QKQJ WKiS FW FDGkQ WKQJ FKD FzQ Fy NKX WKiSFWULrQJFKRFiFKzDWKQJYjFiFSKWWTXDL.WOXQ9LW1DPOjPWTXFJLDDGkQ

WFPLGkQ WF OLFyPWQQYQKyD ULrQJ YL QKQJ JLi WU WUX\QWKQJOkXL7X\FyFKXQKKQJWURQJVJLDROXYjSKiWWULQJLDFiFGkQWFYLQKDXQKQJYQOX{QJLFQKQJVF WKiLF WUQJULrQJFDWQJGkQWF&KD9LWKD\FKDGkQ WF.KPHXJySSKQNK{QJQKQJWRQrQQKQJQpWSULrQJFKRWQJYQJPLQPjFzQWRUDFQKQJNK{QJJLDQJLDROXJQJLJQNWFQJQJWURQJPWGkQWFQyLFKXQJYjFQJQJFiFGkQ WF QyL ULrQJ F ELW L YLFKD.KPH OX{QJuQJLFQKQJ EQ VF Yj YDL WUz FD QKjFKD WURQJ YLF [k\ GQJ L VQJYQKyDFKRFQJQJOjWUXQJWkPVLQKKRWYQKyDWtQQJQJPDQJWtQK F WUQJ FD GkQ WF WKu FQSKLFyQKQJFKtQKViFKSKiWWULQYjXmLiQJN

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

Hnh 8. Thp ct - Cha Di

Ti liu tham kho

1. *61J{+X\4XQK7uPKLXOFK V NLQ WU~F 9LW 1DP1Kj[XWEQ;k\GQJ

2. 1J{ F 7KQK 7tQ QJQJYj YQ KRi WtQ QJQJ 9LW1DP1Kj[XWEQ.KRDKF[mKL

3. 7UQ9QQK/XQiQWLQV9QKRiKF9QKRi3KXPVyF FD QJL .KPH 7k\1DPEYjYQ[k\GXQJLVQJYQKRiFV

4. 7UDQJZHEYLZLNLSHGLDRUJ

WKNLQ WU~FFKD.KPH OL FyEFFFiFQJ{LQKjULrQJELWFiFK[DQKDXPLQJ{LQKjF[k\GQJQKQJYWUtYjWKHRFWUQJULrQJSK WKXFYjR WQJFKFQQJFDKQJPFF{QJWUuQKy

0L NKX{Q YLrQ FKD .KPHFQJ QK FKD 9LW X F [k\GQJ KjQJ UjR QJQ FiFK JLDNK{QJJLDQFKDYtNKXYFNKiF7WFPLOLrQKErQQJRjLYLFKDWK{QJTXDFQJFKD0LPWFKDFy FQJ FKtQK Yj FQJ SK &QJFKD 9LW WKQJ E WUt FD QrQFzQ JL Oj WDP TXDQ FKD 0W VWDPTXDQFKD9LWF[k\GQJQKPW QJ{L QKj QK Fy FD YjRUDEQJNWFXNKXQJJYLWUFW YjPiL OSQJyLQKFQJFKD/iQJFKD.LP/LrQ+j1L FzQSK ELQ FQJ FKD Q JLQ KQFQJ WKQJ F [k\ EQJ WUJFKQKQJWUDQJWUtUWFXN.KiFYL FKD 9LW FQJ FKD .KPHWKQJNK{QJFyFDPjWUrQWUYjPiLFQJFWUDQJWUtWFWrQFKDYLQKQJKRDYQYjWQJWKQUWF{QJSKXYjFKLWLWYLPjXVFUFU&QJ FKD.KPH Fy UW QKLXKuQKWKFNLQWU~FNKiFQKDX%FFWUDQJWUtYjNLQWU~FFQJFQJSKWKXFYjRKuQKWKFNLQWU~FFKXQJYjLXNLQ[k\GQJFDPLQJ{LFKD+uQK WKFFQJSKELQFDFKD.KPHFKFyPWNKXQJFQJFKtQK WU FQJ Fy GQJ KuQK KSJPKRFFW[k\EQJ[LPQJKRFJFKKPiLEQJSKQJNqPWKHR WUDQJ WUt FKL WLW KRD YQ 1XQKFiFFQJFKD9LWQJLWDWKQJSKuQKQKQJ{QJWKQKSKiSFDQKJLFKDWKuFQJFKD.KPHSKLrX{QJ&KQOjNK{QJWKLXF

7URQJ NKX{Q YLrQ &KD 9LW YjFKD.KPHXWFKFVkQUQJ

K QF WUQJ Fk\ VHQ KRF V~QJ[XQJ TXDQK YQ WUQJ QKLX ORLFk\QWUiL6kQFKD.KPHWKQJFy GLQ WtFK UQJ KQ FKD 9LW YuFKD.KPHFyEFFWKRiQJGQJSKkQ WiQYuk\NK{QJFK SKFYFKRWtQQJQJWURQJFKDPjFzQOjQLGLQUDFiFVLQKKRW OKLFDSKXPVyF

0WQpWFWUQJNKiFELWJLDFKD .KPH Yj FKD 9LW Oj KuQKWKFPiLFKD0iLFKDFDQJL.KPHWKQJFyFSPiLOSQJyL KRF QJyL WUiQJ PHQ YL QKLXPjXNKiFQKDX0LFSPiLFKLDQS&SPiLFKtQKSKtDWUrQFQJFyGFFDRQKPiLQKjU{QJ7k\1JX\rQFiFFSJLDWKRLGQQKPiLFKDQJL9LW0iLFKD.KPH m WR QrQ WtQK F WUQJ NLQWU~Fy OjV WKD\L FDFSPiLWWUrQ[XQJNWKSFQJYLFKLFX{L UQ FRQJ Y~W QK QKQJ QJyQWD\ WURQJ LX P~D Y Q $SVDUD*Q FiF JyFPiL FQJ QpW WUDQJWUtWKHRYLQPiLOjQKQJKjQJFiQKKRD 5DQJ KRD &KDQ OQJ O\ +DLXKLPiLWKQJFEWELYiQJ KRF [LPQJ WUDQJ WUt KuQK WDPJLiFYLQKQJPjXVFYjQJODPUWFWUQJ.KPH

1X JDP PjX WURQJ NLQ WU~FFKD.KPH WKQJ OjQKQJ W{QJPjX QyQJ PQK YL FiF PjX FKR QK FDP YjQJ [DQK WKuFKD9LWOLOjQKQJW{QJPjXQkXWUPWKKLQVFNtQK

4XDFQJFKDQJ{LQKjWLS[~FXWLrQWURQJWQJWKFKD.KPHOj &KtQK LQ &KtQK LQ QP WUXQJ WkP NKX{Q YLrQ FKD WUL GjLWKHR KQJ {QJ Wk\ &KtQK LQOX{Q F [k\ GQJ YL TX\ FiFKYj NtFK WKF WKHR TX\ WF F EQQKWFDNLQWU~F.KPH&KLXGjL

EQJKDL OQ FKLX UQJ&KLX FDRPiL Yj WKkQ FKtQK LQ Oj KDL SKQEQJQKDX&iFGLQWtFKNKXQJFDQKjYjLQWKFQJWXkQWKHRTX\OXWy0WEQJFKtQKLQFyOzQJUQJEDRTXDQKKQJFDFKtQKLQ Oj Gm\ KjQK ODQJ YL KjQJ FWFDRUQJYjWKRiQJPiW&KtQKLQFyFDWURQJyFyFDTXD\YKQJ{QJYjFDTXD\YKQJ7k\FQJFDVKQJ%FYjFDVKQJ1DP1QFKtQKLQWKQJ FDR KQPW W PpW WUOrQ.W FX NLQ WU~F FKtQK LQ OjKQKSJFKQJyL&WWURQJFKtQKLQ WKQJ F WUDQJ WUt UW FXN Oj WSKSFDFiFKuQKKRD OiFjQKYFiFKLXWKHRQJ[RQFQJVLQKuQKGk\XFWOLFWUDQJWUtEQJQKQJFiQKKRD5DQJKRFFKPQLKuQKUQ1LrPXQOQWLQK[R

%rQ QJRjL FKtQK LQ WKQJNK{QJ Fy KuQK Y WKD\ YjR y OjQKQJ EF WQJ WUzQ SK LrXKRFFKPQLYLQKQJORLWQJSK ELQ Oj WQJ FKLP WKQ 7U~WPW FKLP WKkQ QJL NK{QJ FyWD\PjFyFiQKFKkQFyPyQJTXS[XQJ WQJ.\1RPWYQ$SVDUDFyWD\FyFiQKFFKkQHRQKLXYzQJWUDQJVFWQJWLrQQ$SVDUDGEQFDWQJ.\1RWQJUQ1LrPWQJ5uDKXPWTX G WQPW OL WRPLQJ EjQKUQJQKHUQJOPFKP{LWD\WVDXXYzQJYWUFPW{PFKWPW WUQJKRFPW WUL YjPW VWQJWK~YWYjWKQWFiFFKX\QFWtFKWKQWKRLFDQJL.KPH7QJFKLP7U~WWKQJFVGQJ WUDQJ WUt FiF FW KLrQ EWQJUjREDRTXDQKFKDKRFFWWUFQJFKD

7QJ UQ QKLX X E WUt WUrQ E QyF FKD ErQ E WQJ

Hnh 6. Mi cha Vit Hnh 7. Mi cha Kh me


KHOA HC & CNG NGH

ThS.KTS. NG MINH V

Bin i kin trc ni tht cn h chung c cao tngNHM NNG CAO HIU QU S DNG VT LIU V TIT KIM NNG LNG

WYQ.KiLQLPELQLFKLXYLQJKDFKXQJQKW Oj

WKD\LNKiF WUF7URQJEjLYLWQj\VELQLFKLXYLWWFNKQQJWKD\LFDFiFWKjQKSKQNLQWU~FQLWKW

&iFF{QJWUuQKFKXQJFFDRWQJ9LW1DPKLQQD\FyEFFNK{QJJLDQNLQWU~FQKVQFFXFDFiFFQKVOQJYWUtSKzQJYWOLXQJQFKLDKRjQWKLQWKFQJYjFiFFQKtWFyNKQQJELQLGRPWVQJX\rQQKkQNKiFKTXDQYjFKTXDQNKiF7URQJWKLJLDQJQk\FyQKLXWjLOXQYQOXQiQQJKLrQFXJLLTX\WWQJNKtDFQKFDYQWUrQ7URQJFKX\rQQJjQKQLWKWYLFQJKLrQFXELQLPWFiFKFEQFiFWKjQKSKQKSWKjQKNK{QJJLDQFQKFKXQJFFKFFKQVPDQJOLQKLXKQJJLLTX\WFyKLXTXFKRYQQj\1KQJKQJQJKLrQFXFKtQK1JQFKLDELQL+QJJLL SKiS QJQ FKLD ELQ L VPDQJ OL KLX

TXYYLNKtKXNLQWU~FQKWRLXNLQFKQJWK{QJJLyyQWKrPFQKLXiQKViQJFLWKLQYVLQKP{LWUQJPDQJ OLFPJLiFFQK UQJ UmLKQ WURQJPWWKLLPQjRy9tGQKVGQJKYiFKQJQ[RD\WUWQJDQJJS[S[RqTXWEQJYWOLXQKNWKD

Tm tt: Trong thi k ca bin i kh hu ton cu,

nc bin dng v ti nguyn suy kit th mc tiu xy dng mt nn kin trc bn

vng c t ln hng u bn cnh cc mc tiu mun tha l to hn, rng hn v

cao hn. S pht trin ca kinh t x hi cng cng ngh hin i gp sc cng

cc kin trc s sng to nn cc cng trnh ngy cng hon thin. Mt trong nhng

thnh qu y l cc cng trnh c kh nng bin i thch ng v thn thin hn vi

mi trng nhng vn tho mn cc nhu cu s dng hin ti v tng lai.

Bi vit phn tch v trnh by mt s hng gii php bin i cc thnh phn kin trc ni tht trong khng gian nh sn ca cn

h chung c cao tng Vit Nam nhm nng cao hiu qu s dng nng lng v vt liu.

Abstract:,QSHULRGRIJOREDOFOLPDWHFKDQJHVHDOHYHOULVHDQGUHVRXUFHVH[KDXVWLRQEHVLGHWKH

REMHFWLYHRIDELJJHUZLGHUDQGKLJKHUVFDOHEXLOGLQJDVXVWDLQDEOHDUFKLWHFWXUHLVFRQVLGHUWREHWKHNH\SRLQW7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIVRFLDOHFRQRP\DQGPRGHUQWHFKQRORJ\KDVKHOSHG

DUFKLWHFWVVLJQLILFDQWO\WRFUHDWHPRUHDQGPRUHSHUIHFWEXLOGLQJ$VRQHRIWKHUHVXOWVEXLOGLQJVFRQVWUXFWHGQRZDUHQRWRQO\DGDSWDEOHDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOO\IULHQGO\EXWDOVRVDWLVIDFWRU\WRWKHSUHVHQWDQGIXWXUHGHPDQG7KHSDSHULQWURGXFHVVRPHVROXWLRQVIRUFKDQJLQJWKHLQWHULRUFRPSRQHQWVRIDSDUWPHQWVRIPXOWLVWRU\EXLOGLQJVLQ9LHWQDPLQRUGHUWRLPSURYHWKHHIILFLHQF\RIHQHUJ\DQGPDWHULDOXVH

FiFXLPFDQJQFKLDFOWUX\QWKQJ+QJJLLSKiSFQJWRLXNLQJLPFSKQQjRQQJOQJGQJFKRFKLXViQJOjPPiWKD\VLPFELQL&QFWUrQWQ[XWVGQJFDWQJQKyPF

D UD JLL KQ ELQ L FD FK~QJ +LX TX FDKQJJLL SKiSQj\ Oj JL~SJLL SKyQJ NK{QJJLDQ YjWQJWXLWKVGQJFDWKjQKSKQQj\9tGQKYLFiFNK{QJJLDQKSYLFQJKLrQFXFELQLDQQJVPDQJOLKLXTXFDRYVGQJNK{QJJLDQYjYWOLX0jXVFELQL0jXVFyQJJySYDLWUzTXDQWUQJWURQJYLFFP

QKQNK{QJJLDQYjYLNKtKX7yJLiQWLSOLrQTXDQQQKXFXVGQJQQJOQJFKRLVQJ9LPLQNKtKXFyPDU}UWQXPjXVFWRjQQKjNtQKYjFFyWKELQLFWKuFKFFKQVFLWKLQiQJNFKWOQJNK{QJJLDQYjFKLSKtFKRQQJOQJ9tGQKYLFVGQJFDVNtQKFyFiFWPSKLPGiQFyWKWKD\LPjXVLXWLWOQJFGXQJOQJYjPjXVFFDQKViQJYjRQKj0WVQSKPWK~YNKiFOjVQ(FOLSVHFDKmQJ$/6$0FyWKFKX\QWPjXJFYWUQJNKLFyWiFQJFDQKLW

0WJLLSKiSNKiF OjQJGQJFiFYW OLXEPWFDFFPRGXOKRiFyNKQQJWKD\WKFNKLFQWKLW&KLXViQJELQL7URQJ FKLX ViQJ QKuQ U} Yj FKLX ViQJ WKP P

F{QJQJKqQ/('DQJNKQJQKQKQJXYLWFDPuQKWURQJQLWKW7PjXFEQEDQXqQ/('mSKiWWULQWKjQKQKLXPjXSKKSYLPLQKXFXFDLVQJ[mKL7LY WUt OSqQYLF{QJQJK/('FyWKFKLXViQJYLFiFPjXVFNKiFQKDXWXWKHRPDYjQKXFXFDQJLVGQJ6GQJqQF{QJQJK/('NWKSYLFiFWKLWEFPELQYjLXNKLQNK{QJGk\NKiFVViQJWRUDQKQJNK{QJJLDQ

FKLXViQJVLQKQJKSOYjWLWNLP7UDQJWUtELQL9LFDFiFWKjQKSKQWUDQJWUtFyWtQKWKLrQQKLrQ

YjR WURQJNK{QJJLDQQL WKWKD\DFQKTXDQGLW OrQNK{QJJLDQWUrQFDRErQQJRjLFQKFQJYLYLFFKQJELQLKD\ OLGQJV WKD\LNKiFKTXDQWQKLrQFDFiFWKjQKSKQQj\VyQJJySFKRYLFFL WKLQFKW OQJVQJFQJQKP{L WUQJYLNKtKX

Hnh 1. Gii php ngn chia bin i Hnh 3. Gii php mu sc bin i

Hnh 2. Gii php c bin i


KHOA HC & CNG NGH

+QJJLLTX\WWQJKS iQ FD NLQ WU~F V *DU\

&KDQJ QJL +QJ .{QJ ELQ LPWFQKUQJFKP WKjQKSKzQJ YL WLrX FKXQ QKPW WRjELW WK WURQJ FKXQJ F FDR WQJOjPWViQJWR[XWVFQJWQJSKiW ELX 7KW Y{ O NKL QJL WDFyUWQKLXSKzQJQKQJ OLNK{QJVGQJFK~QJFQJPWO~FF%QJFiFKELQLWWFFiFWKjQKSKQ FD QL WKW {QJ m FKQJPLQK KW VF WKX\W SKF WtQK KLXTXFDJLLSKiSWQJKSQj\.WOXQ.KLFKDKLFiFLXNLQ

9LW 1DP Fy F FiF F{QJ WUuQK[DQK tFK WKF QK FiF QF SKiWWULQFK~QJWDFyWKWQJEFiSGQJOLQKKRWFiFJLLSKiSELQLWURQJ WKLW N[k\GQJ WURQJTXQO Yj V GQJ FKXQJ F FDR WQJ9LFNWKDWtQKOLQKKRWWURQJYQKRiFDQJL9LWNWKSYLFiFJLLSKiSELQLWURQJNLQWU~FQLWKWFKFFKQVPDQJOLKLXTXVGQJFKRFGkQVQJWURQJFiFQJ{L OjQJ WKHR FKLX QJ 9LFQJGQJFiFKQJJLLSKiSQj\FyWKOjPWQJ[XWXWEDQXFD F{QJ WUuQK QKQJ V PDQJ OLQKQJOLtFKOkXGjLWURQJTXiWUuQKV GQJ [iF QK QKQJ FiFKWKFFKXNELQLYjKLXTXFWKFKRPLWKjQKSKQFQSKLFyQKQJSKkQWtFKYjQJKLrQFXVkXKQk\FQJOjKQJQJKLrQFXFyWKWULQNKDL

$ .KiL QLP Y NKRQJ FiFKWPWLPWLQJWUzQ

.KRQJ FiFK W PW LP WLQJ WUzQ QJ SKQJ Oj GjLRQWKQJWLPyWLQJWUzQWUrQQJWKQJTXDWkP+uQK

7UrQKuQKWLP0WLQJWUzQWkP2FyKDLNKRQJFiFKOj0$Yj0%%4X WtFKQKQJLP WURQJ

PW SKQJ FiFK X KDL QJWUzQQJSKQJ,+DLQJ WUzQQJRjLQKDXYj

WiFKUL'QJWQJTXiW&KR WUF KDL QJ WUzQ WURQJ

PWSKQJWuPTXWtFKQKQJLPWURQJ PW SKQJ \ FiFK X KDLQJWUzQmFKR+uQK

70$ 0$WDFy0202 55

71% 1%WDFy1212 557YjWDFy01WKXFKDL

QKiQKFDK\SpFERQFyKDLWLrXLPOj2Yj2YjKLXNKRQJFiFKWLKDLWLrXLPOj55

73$ 3&WDFy3232 5574' 4'WDFy4242 557YjWDFy34WKXFKDL

QKiQKFDK\SpFE{QFyKDLWLrXLPOj2Yj2YjKLXNKRQJFiFKWLKDLWLrXLPOj551KY\TX WtFKQKQJLP

WURQJ PW SKQJ FiFK X KDLQJWUzQWURQJPWSKQJ\OjKDL QJ K\SpFE{Q Fy KDL WLrXLPOjKDLWkPQJWUzQYjKLXNKRQJFiFKOjR152Yj51R2

Tm tt:

Tc gi xut mt dng qu tch trong c cc

trng hp c bit v gii thiu mt v d p dng.

Abstract:Author proposed a kind

of locus including variants and introduced an

example.

ThS.KTS. BI XUN THN

MT DNG QU| TCH V NG DNG

Hnh 1

Hnh 2

Hnh 3

Hnh 5. Gii php chiu sng bin i

Hnh 6. Gii php tng hp

Hnh 4. Gii php trang tr bin i


7UQJKS+DLQJWUzQEQJQKDX+uQK

70$ 0$WDFy0202 5 7 4X WtFK QKQJ LP WURQJ PW

SKQJ FiFK X KDL QJ WUzQ WURQJ PWSKQJ\OjQJWKQJYX{QJJyFWLFKtQKJLDRQWKQJ22YjQJK\SpFE{QFyKDLWLrXLPOjKDLWkPQJWUzQYjKLXNKRQJFiFKOj5

7UQJKS0WQJWUzQEiQNtQKY{WQ+uQK

70$ 0$ WDFy0+ 02Yj W1$ 1%WDFy1. 12

7 4X WtFK QKQJ LP WURQJ PWSKQJFiFKXQJWUzQYjQJWKQJWURQJ PW SKQJ \ Oj KDL QJ SDUDE{QQKQWkP2OjPWLrXLPYjKDLQJWKQJDEOjPKDLQJWKQJFKXQ

,,+DLQJWUzQJLDRQKDXYjFyWkPQJRjLQKDX+uQK

70$ 0$WDFy0202 5571% 1%WDFy1212 554XWtFKQKQJLPWURQJPWSKQJFiFK

X KDL QJ WUzQ WURQJ PW SKQJ \ OjQJK\SpFE{QFyKDL WLrXLP OjKDL WkPQJ WUzQYjKLXNKRQJFiFK WLKDL WLrXLPOjR52

,,,+DLQJWUzQOQJQKDX+uQK70$ 0$WDFy0202 554XWtFKQKQJLPWURQJPWSKQJFiFK

X KDL QJ WUzQ WURQJ PW SKQJ \ OjQJ HOtS QKQ222 OjPKDL WLrXLPYjWQJNKRQJFiFKOj552&0WQJGQJ+uQK&KRWUFWURQJPWSKQJEDQJWUzQFy

WkPYjEiQNtQK OQ OW252 5Yj25 WD WuP WkPYzQJ WUzQ WLS[~FYLQJWUzQQj\

.WTX7kPFDFiFQJWUzQWLS[~FOjJLDRLPFDFiFK\SpFE{QFQJQKiQKYLYzQJWUzQ WkP2 5 FD KDL YzQJ WUzQ FzQ OL 7LDFyWLWkPYzQJWUzQ+uQKQFWkPQJWUzQ

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

TS. NGUYN LM QUNG

nhim khi bi v qun lMI TRNG KH } TH

,*,,7+,8&+81* 1JXQ SKiW VLQK EL Yj {

QKLPNK{QJNKt.KiLTXiWFKXQJY{QKLP

NK{QJNKtQKLPNK{QJNKt OjVFyPW

PW FKW O KRF PW V ELQ LTXDQ WUQJ WURQJ WKjQKSKQ NK{QJNKt OjPFKRNK{QJNKt WUQrQFKLKRFJk\ UDV WRPLFyPLNKyFKXJLPWPQKuQ[DGREL

&yUWQKLXQJXQJk\{QKLPNK{QJ NKt &y WK FKLD UD WKjQKQJXQWQKLrQYjQJXQQKkQWR

1JXQWQKLrQEDRJP1~LODFKi\ UQJ EmR EL FiF TXi WUuQKSKkQ K\ WKL UD [iF QJ WKFYW

1JXQJk\{QKLPQKkQWRUWDGQJQKQJFK\X OjGRKRWQJ F{QJ QJKLS [k\ GQJ WFKi\QKLrQOLXKRiWKFKYjFDFiFSKQJWLQJLDRWK{QJ

&KWJk\{QKLPNK{QJNKtFQJD GQJ QX SKkQ ORL WKHR NtFKWKF Yj F WUQJ FD WQJ FKWWKuFK~QJEDRJPELNKtKLPLNKyLQKQJLYLP{LWUQJNKt{WKWKuELOjQKkQWJk\{QKLPSKELQYjQJX\KLPKQFQKLPELWURQJ{WK%LOjQKQJKWQKFDYWFKW

UQ WKQJ WtQK EQJ PLFURPHW1JXQ JF FD EL UW SKF WS YuQJRjLELKuQKWKjQKWURQJWQKLrQQJj\FjQJFyQKLXORLELSKiWVLQKGR V SKiW WULQ FD [m KL N FWURQJVQ[XWYjWURQJLVQJ

1JXQSKiWVLQKEL Yj{QKLPNK{QJ NKt Fy WK [XW SKiW W QJX\rQQKkQFKtQKVDXk\

'R KRW QJ VQ [XW Yj LVQJFDFRQQJL

'RFiF\XWWQKLrQ1JRjL UD QJXL WD FQJ Fy WK

SKkQ ORL EL WKHR NtFK WKF WKHRWtQKFKWFKLYjWKHRQJXQJFKXFY{F

1JXQ SKiW VLQK EL +j 1LWKHRVOLXLXWUDQPFyWK[iFQKGRQJX\rQQKkQFKtQK

'R KQ F{QJ WUuQK [k\GQJ OQQKDQJ WKL F{QJQKQJNK{QJFyUjRFKQEWFKHSKWURQJWKjQKSKJk\UD

'R KRW QJ jR VD FKDNKRQJ P QJWKiQJ FDWKjQKSK

&iFSKQJWLQWKDPJLDJLDRWK{QJ[HFKYWOLX[k\GQJSKWKLJk\EQELUD[XQJTXDQK

'R KRW QJ VQ [XW F{QJQJKLSWKQJPL

1KQJ QJXQ NKiF QK WUiF[UiFWKLVDFKD[k\GQJQK

0W V QJKLrQ FX JQ k\ mFKUDUQJORLKSFKWKXFWKPDYzQJYLWWWOj3$+VFyW YzQJ WKP F SKiW KLQWURQJ WKjQK SKQ EL NK{QJ NKt PW V Y WUt FD WKjQKSK+&Kt0LQKYj+j1L1JXQJFFK\XFD3$+VFyWURQJELJk\{QKLPOjNKyLWKLW[HFVGQJQKLrQOLX[QJYjGXyOjQKQJPXLFDF-ERQFyNtFKWKFUWQKPLFURPHWYjVDXNKLWKLYjRNK{QJNKtFK~QJQKDQKFKyQJNWKSWRWKjQK QKQJ KW EL Fy NtFK WKFOQKQ

iQJ ORQJLKQF OjFiFKSFKWKXFFKLFyFWtQKFDRXWSWUXQJFK\XWURQJELPQNtFKWKFQKKQPLFURPHWORLELGGjQJ[kPQKSYjRFWK

Tm tt: nhim khng kh, c bit l nhim do bi trong cc th Vit Nam hin nay l

rt nghim trng v ang mc bo ng. nhim

khng kh do nhiu tc nhn gy ra v tc hi ca n cng

rt a dng. nhim khng kh nh hng trc tip ti

sc khe con ngi cng nh mi trng sinh thi. Cc n

lc ca cc th nhm kim sot tnh hnh nhim hin

nay l ng ghi nhn. Tuy nhin kt qu t c vn

cn nhiu hn ch. Bi bo im li cc ni dung

trn.

Abstract:$LUSROOXWLRQHVSHFLDOO\GXVW

SROOXWLRQLVDWDQDODUPLQJOHYHOLQPRVWRIFLWLHVRI9LHWQDPUHFHQWO\3ROOXWDQWVFDQEHLQ

WKHIRUPRIVROLGSDUWLFOHVOLTXLGGURSOHWVRUJDVHV,QDGGLWLRQWKH\PD\EHQDWXUDORUPDQ

PDGH7KHHIIHFWVRIDLUSROOXWLRQDUHGLYHUVHDQGQXPHURXV$LU

SROOXWLRQFDQKDYHVHULRXVHIIHFWVRQWKHKHDOWKRIKXPDQEHLQJVDQGDOVRVHYHUHO\DIIHFWVQDWXUDOHFRV\VWHPV*UHDWHIIRUWVRI

FLWLHVJRYHUQPHQWVLQRUGHUWRFRQWURODLUSROOXWLRQVKRXOGEHDFNQRZOHGJHEXWWKHUHVXOWVDUHQRWVDWLVIDFWRU\7KHSDSHUH[SUHVVHVWKHRYHUYLHZRIWKH

DERYHFRQWH[W

Hnh 5

Hnh 6

Hnh 7

Hnh 4


KHOA HC & CNG NGH

FRQQJLWK{QJTXDQJK{KSYjFyNKQQJWQWL OkXSKiW WiQ[DWURQJP{LWUQJ

.KX YF +j 1L F FKD PUQJ KLQ Fy NKRQJQJKuQ [H{W{JQWULX[HP{W{QJRjLUDFzQFy PW OQJ OQ [H TXkQ L [HQJRLWQK[HFDFiFFTXDQWUXQJQJKRWQJWUrQDEjQ+j1L+jQJ QJj\ +j 1L Fy NKRQJ JQ [H {W{ Yj [HP{W{[HPi\FDFiFDSKQJNKiFLTXD+LQWKjQKSKFQJFzQQKLXSKQJ WLQ F QiW OX KjQK GQQ WuQK WUQJ NKyL EL WKL Jk\ {QKLPP{LWUQJQJKLrPWUQJ

QKLPNK{QJNKtWL73+&0FyQJXQJFFK\XWFiFKRWQJVQ[XWF{QJQJKLSWLXWKF{QJQJKLS[k\GQJYjiQJNKQOjWKRWQJJLDRWK{QJYLNKRQJWULX[HKDLEiQKJQPi\YjJQ{W{FiFORLFWtQKyQJJyS { QKLP GR NKt WKL7URQJ NKL y yQJ JyS { QKLPNK{QJNKtWVLQKKRWGkQFYjWQKLrQWL73+&0OjNK{QJiQJN

7KHR67jLQJX\rQ0{LWUQJ+j 1L NW TX TXDQ WUF WKiQJXQPFKRWK\WLLPRNLP WUD Fy WL LP FKLPFyKjPOQJELOOQJYWWLrXFKXQFKRSKpS7&&3&WKQJ1JX\Q7UmL WLPWVY WUtQQJ{QKLPELYW7&&3WLOQQJ1JX\Q9Q/LQKYW OQ QJm ED 7DP 7ULQK /QK1DPFyQQJELYWWLrXFKXQOQQJ3KP9QQJYW OQ QJ 3KiS 9kQ WLQJmED*XWFyQQJELYWWLrXFKXQOQ0WORWFiFSKELNKiF QK .KXW 'X\ 7LQ /r 9Q/QJ.LP*LDQJ.KQJuQKFyQQJELFDRJSWQOQVRYLWLrXFKXQ>@

7L73+&Kt0LQKWKHR&KLFFER Y P{L WUQJ WKjQK SK QP V OLX NLP WUD FD WUPTXDQ WUF NK{QJ NKt W WL QKQJLP QyQJ Y { QKLP SKiW KLQPX NK{QJ W FKXQ OX{Q PFQJX\KLFDRFKRVFNKHFRQQJL7URQJ y OQJ EL O OQJVLQK UD WNKyLELDQJ OjQKkQ WJk\{QKLPQJKLrPWUQJKjQJXWUrQDEjQ1JX\rQQKkQF[iFQKOjGROXOXQJFiFORL[HQKW

Oj[HWL OXWK{QJTXDNKXYFQj\OrQ Q KjQJ FKF QJjQ OW PLQJj\YjWuQKWUQJNW[H[\UDQJj\FjQJ WKQJ [X\rQ OLrQ WF %rQFQKyKRWQJVQ[XWFDFiFQKjPi\F{QJQJKLSFQJJySSKQiQJNJLDWQJOQJNKyLEL&yWLQKjPi\FVVQ[XWFy SKiW VLQK NKt WKL UDP{L WUQJQKQJ FKD Fy K WKQJ [ O NKtWKL Jk\ QK KXQJ WUF WLS QVF NKH FDQJL GkQ VLQK VQJ[XQJ TXDQK 1JRjL UD WuQK WUQJ {QKLPNK{QJNKtGRFKuFQJJLDWQJQKDQKFKyQJQQJFKuRFWL FiF WUP TXDQ WUF W X QPQQD\WKQJGDRQJQJQJJPNKXYFFyQQJFKuFDRQKWOj[XQJTXDQKQJmViX*z9S>@

4XD PW YjL V OLX WUrQ k\FK~QJ WD WK\PF { QKLP ELYjP{LWUQJNKtFDPWV{WKQFWDQJKLrPWUQJQPFQjR0F G Y\ FiF { WK YQ FKDFyPWJLLSKiSKXKLXQJQFKQ

7iFKL FD{QKLPEL YjNK{QJNKt

QKLPNK{QJNKtWiFQJQVFNKHFRQQJLQJWKFYWKVLQKWKiLSKiK\FiFF{QJWUuQK[k\ GQJ GQJ YW GQJ VQ[XWJk\KLXQJQKjNtQKELQLNKtKX

QKLP EL QJRjL WiF KL WUFWLS EL FzQ Oj SKQJ WLQ YQFKX\Q FiFPP EQK YjR F WK3KLOjFTXDQQLWQJWK{QJUDErQQJRjLQrQELWiFKLFK\XOrQFTXDQK{KS&KQKQJKWELQKFyQJNtQKGLPLFURPHWPLYjRVkXWURQJSKLWLSKQDQJ

.W TX R F FKR WK\ EL FyNtFK WKF QK KQ PP FKLP WQJ OQJEL WURQJPD NK{Yj WURQJPDPD&KtQKFiFKWELPQQj\PDQJWtQKD[LWWURQJNKL FiF KW EL OQ WKQJ WUXQJWtQKYuWKFK~QJWQWLUWOkXWURQJNK{QJNKtYjSKiWWiQUW[D

0L Yj QJ K{ KS WUrQ FKFyNKQQJORLFiFKWELFyNtFKWKF OQ KQ PP QrQ EL PQGL NtFK WKF Qj\ [kP QKS UWVkXYjRSKLWKPFKtYjRPiXJk\QrQPW V EQK Y K{ KS Yj WLPPFKUWQJX\KLP

QKLP NK{QJ NKt Jk\ UD EQKKHQVX\QYLrPSKTXQXQJWKEQKWLPPFKYjOjPJLPWXLWK7OQJLPFFiFEQKYQJK{ KS FD F GkQ { WK FDR KQQKLXVRYLFGkQYQJQ{QJWK{Q

7L FiF LP Q WF JLDR WK{QJYL QQJ NKt F TXi FDR QKKLQQD\EQ WKkQQKQJQJLFyPW WL LPQ WFSKL FKXQJPWOQJNKtFUWOQFyWKGQWLYLFFiFFKWF[kPQKSYjRFWKWiFGQJOrQQJWLrXKyDK{KSWXQKRjQWQJFQJOQJFKuWURQJPiXFFKNKQQJYQFKX\QR[\ WURQJPiX OjP UL ORQKRWQJFDPWVFTXDQFKFQQJ

LXQj\GQQKLQWQJKRDPW FKyQJPW QKF X QKLXQJL WKQJ [X\rQ L OL WUrQ FiFWX\Q QJ JLDR WK{QJ FiF LPWFQJKQ7KHR\KFk\FKtQKOjQKQJWULXFKQJQKLPFQK

7URQJ WUQJKSKtWSKLQKLXPXLYjNKt62OLrQWFFyWKGQWLQKLXWULXFKQJQKLPFQQJQK EXQ Q{Q PW PL [DQK [DRYLrPSKTXQ+QQDNKQQJQKKQJWiFQJWLKWKQNLQKKWLrXKRiK{KSFDFiFFKWFQj\YOkXGjLOjUWQJX\KLP

.K{QJFK Oj WiFQKkQJk\EQKWWEL FzQJk\QKKQJQJKLrPWUQJ WL V DQ WRjQ JLDR WK{QJ YuQQJ EL TXi OQ OjP JLP WPQKuQ FQJ YL WkP O QKQJ QJLWKDPJLDJLDRWK{QJFSKyQJQKDQKYWTXDQrQGQQWUWQJmJk\WDLQQ

,,&&*,,3+3+1&+1+,0%,90,751*.+

&iF F VSKiS O Y NLPVRiW{QKLPELYjP{LWUQJNKt

JLL TX\W YQ { QKLPNK{QJNKt{WKFQiSGQJQKLXJLLSKiSWURQJyFyYLFEDQKjQKFiF YQ EQ SKiS OXW Y TXQ OP{L WUQJNKtFiFWLrXFKXQTX\FKXQ 1JRjL UD PW G iQ OXWNK{QJNKt VFKFNLQQJK [~FWLQ[k\GQJWRNKXQJSKiS OFKR KRW QJ ER Y P{L WUQJNK{QJNKt'Lk\ OjPWVLXNKRQOLrQTXDQQP{LWUQJNKtFTX\QKWURQJPWVYQEQ

SKiS OXW GR F TXDQ1Kj QF FS7UXQJQJEDQKjQK /XW ER Y P{L WUQJ

QPLX 4XQ O Yj NLP VRiW

ELNKtWKL 7 FKF Fi QKkQ KRW QJ

VQ[XWNLQKGRDQKGFKYFySKiWWiQELNKtWKLSKLFyWUiFKQKLPNLP VRiW Yj [ O EL NKt WKL WWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJ

+Q FK YLF V GQJ QKLrQOLX QJX\rQ OLX WKLW E SKQJWLQWKLNKtFKLUDP{LWUQJ

3KQJ WLQ JLDR WK{QJPi\PyFWKLWEF{QJWUuQK[k\GQJFySKiWWiQELNKtWKLSKLFyESKQOFJLPWKLXNKtWKLWWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJFyWKLWEFKHFKQKRFELQSKiSNKiFJLPWKLXELERPWWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJ

%LNKtWKLFy\XWQJX\KLSKLFTXQOWKHRTX\QKYTXQOFKWWKLQJX\KL

LX4XQONKtWKLJk\KLXQJQKjNtQKSKiKXWQJ{]{Q

%7jLQJX\rQYj0{L WUQJFyWUiFKQKLPWKQJNrNKL OQJNKtWKLJk\KLXQJQKjNtQKWURQJSKP YL F QF QKP WKF KLQLX F TXF WPj&QJ KRj [mKLFKQJKD9LW1DPOjWKjQKYLrQ

9LFFKX\QQKQJPXDEiQKQQJFKSKiWWKLNKtJk\KLXQJQKj NtQK FD 9LW 1DP YL QFQJRjLGR7K WQJ&KtQKSKTX\QK

1Kj QF NKX\Q NKtFK FiFFVVQ[XWNLQKGRDQKGFKYJLPWKLXNKtWKLJk\KLXQJQKjNtQK

&PVQ[XWQKSNKXVGQJKSFKW OjPVX\JLPWQJ{]{QWKHRLXFTXFWPj&QJKRj [m KL FK QJKD 9LW 1DP OjWKjQKYLrQ1JKQK1&3

FD&KtQKSKY[OYLSKPSKiSOXWWURQJOQKYF%RYP{LWUQJWKD\WK1JKQK1&3

LX9LSKPTX\QKYWKLNKtEL

7yPWWQLGXQJFKtQKFDLXQj\QKVDXPFSKWFSKkQFKLDUDQKLXPFW\WKXFYjRPF

FKLYWTXiEDRQKLrXOQVRYLWLrXFKXQFQJQKNKLOQJWKLNKt WKLYjRNK{QJNKtPFQj\ F WtQK WKHR JL WKL 0F[ SKW WKS QKW Oj QJYjFDRQKWLYLKjQKYL[NKyLELFyFKDFKWFKLVPFQQJ

% OXW KuQK V VD LQP FD 1F &QJ KzD [mKLFKQJKD9LW1DPFKQJ;9,,TX\QKYWLSKPP{LWUQJ

LX 7L Jk\ { QKLP P{LWUQJ

1JL QjR WKL YjR NK{QJNKt QJXQ QF W FiF FKW Jk\{ QKLP P{L WUQJ SKiW WiQ EF[SKyQJ[YWTXiTX\FKXQNWKXWTXFJLDYFKWWKLPFQJKLrPWUQJKRFOjPP{LWUQJE{QKLPQJKLrPWUQJKRFJk\KXTX QJKLrP WUQJ NKiF WKu E SKWWLQ W WULX QJ Q WULXQJFLWRNK{QJJLDPJLQEDQPKRFSKW W WViX WKiQJQQPQP

3KP WL WKXFPW WURQJFiFWUQJKSVDXWKuESKWWWEDQPQPLQP

D&yWFKFE/jPP{LWUQJE{QKLPF

ELWQJKLrPWUQJKRFJk\KXTXUW QJKLrP WUQJ F ELW QJKLrPWUQJNKiF

1JLSKP WLFzQFy WKESKW WLQ W WULX QJ Q WULXQJFPPQKLPFKFYFPKjQKQJKKRF OjPF{QJYLFQKWQKWPWQPQQPQP

4XQOFiFQJXQSKiWVLQKELYj{QKLPP{LWUQJNKt.KiLTXiWFKXQJ1KLPYFK\XFDTXQOP{L

WUQJNK{QJNKt{WKYjNKXF{QJQJKLSOjVGQJPLF{QJFSKiSONLQKWNWKXWYjFiFELQSKiSKWUNKiFQKJLiRGFFQJQJFiFFKLQGFKWUX\QWK{QJYjWKDPJLDFDF{QJFK~QJKQFK{QKLPJuQJLFKWOQJNK{QJNKtWWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJTXFJLD

WQJ FQJ F{QJ WiF NLPWUD JLiP ViW YLF WXkQ WK FiF TX\QK FD SKiS OXW Y ER Y P{LWUQJ1KjQFm WKjQK OS OFOQJ FKF QQJ PL yQJ YDL WUz

WtFK FF WURQJ OQK YF NLPVRiW {QKLP y Oj &QK ViW P{L WUQJ&6070Lk\QKW&KtQKSKmEDQKjQK1JKQK1&3QJj\WKiQJQPTX\QKYSKzQJQJDXWUDQKFKQJWLSKPYjYLSKPSKiSOXWNKiFYP{LWUQJ

7UF WuQK WUQJ { QKLPEL WFiFF{QJWUQJFiFFTXDQFKFQQJ FQ WLQ KjQK R QQJ SKkQWtFKFiFWKjQKSKQELWLFiFLP QyQJ QrX WUrQ 4XD y DUDQKQJTX\QKEWEXFFKXWQYJLiPViWWKLF{QJSKLOSWFiFUjRFKQ[HFKYWOLXSKLF FKH SK N OQJ WUF NKLUD NKL F{QJ WUQJSKL F UDVFKWUiQKWuQKWUQJNpREQWUDQJ

1JD\WEk\JLVTXQOFKWFK FD FiF QJjQK FKF QQJ WKF WUiFKQKLPFDFiFFKF{QJWUuQK FQFW OrQKjQJX YuFXFVQJFDFFQJQJ

&iFJLLSKiSNWKXWJLPWKLX{QKLPELPDQJ WtQKFSEiFKYjW KLX TX QKDQK EDR JP YLFQJ GQJ F{QJ QJKPL WKD\ LQJX\rQ OLX X YjR OS W WKLWE OF WiFK Yj WKX KL EL WKLW NK WKQJQJNKyLSKKS7URQJJLDRWK{QJFyFiFJLLSKiSVGQJQKLrQOLXVFKSKQJWLQPLVGQJ WKLW E JLP WKLX EL W QJ[VGQJFiFSKQJWLQFKX\rQGQJ WURQJFKX\rQFKYW OLX[k\GQJ7URQJ[k\GQJOj[OLYLFiFF{QJWUuQKJk\EL

&iF{WKFQJFQWQJFQJQQJOFTXQOP{LWUQJFDFiFF TXDQ TXQ O FKX\rQ QJjQK WWKjQKSKQFiFTXQKX\Q[mSKQJ.LQ WRjQ7UXQJ WkPTXDQWUF P{L WUQJ WKjQK SK WQJFQJWUDQJWKLWEFKRTXQOFKWOQJP{LWUQJYjFiFWUPTXDQWUFWQJYFKWOQJQFYjNK{QJNKt

7KjQKSKFQWQJFQJQQJOF TXQ O FKW OQJ NK{QJ NKtWURQJTXiWUuQKSKiWWULQJLDRWK{QJ{ WK F ELW TXDQ WkP WL YLFTXQ O NLP VRiW NKt WKL FD FiFSKQJ WLQ JLDR WK{QJ F JLL NF[HPi\WKHROWUuQKFD%*LDRWK{QJ YQ WL UD m F&KtQK3K SKr GX\W QJ WKL QJjQK


FKFQQJNLPNrFiFQJXQWKLFQKGLQJYjWULQNKDLYLFWKXKLNKtWKLWLFiFEmLFK{QOSUiFFDWKjQKSK

%iRFiRP{LWUQJQPmODFKQFK 0{L WUQJNK{QJNKt { WK 9LW 1DP m SKkQ WtFKFiF\XWJk\{QKLPNK{QJNKt{WKYjQrXUDJLLSKiSJSWKjQKQKyPFKtQK9LF WULQNKDLQJE WW F FiFJLL SKiS Oj ODFKQWLX7X\ QKLrQ KLQ QD\ FiF EQJjQK Yj WKjQK SK NK{QJ WK FyNK QQJ WULQ NKDL WW F FiF JLLSKiSFQJO~FQrQ%iRFiRODFKQJLLSKiSXWLrQFDRWKFKLQEDRJPFiFQLGXQJQKm WUuQKEj\WUrQ4XQOFiFQJXQWKLJk\

{QKLPNK{QJNKt&iFELQSKiSYjF{QJFTXQO

P{LWUQJNKtJPFy4X\KRFK{WKF{QJQJKLS

JLDRWK{QJ7KFKLQFiFELQSKiSTXQO

EQJSKiSOXW[SKWFiFYLSKPEWEXFWXkQWKFiFWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJ

7KDQKWUDNLPWUDiQKJLiWiFQJP{L WUQJ V GQJ FiF ORLF{QJFNLQKWSKt[NKtJL\SKpS[NKt

&iF ELQ SKiS N WKXW WKD\LQKLrQOLXQkQJFDRKLXVXWVGQJQQJ OQJ iSGQJ F{QJQJKPL Yj W KS FiF ELQ SKiSWUrQ YL YDL WUz WKDP JLD FD FQJQJ

4XQOFiFQJXQWKLFQKFiF QJ NKyL F{QJ QJKLS Oj PWELQ SKiS TXDQ WURQJ FD TXQ OP{LWUQJNK{QJNKt

4XQOFiFQJXQWKLGLQJ&iF SKQJ WLQ JLDR WK{QJ Oj FiFQJXQWKLGLQJJk\{QKLPP{LWUQJNK{QJNKt

D%WUtNKXF{QJQJKLS7URQJ TX\ KRFK V GQJ W

YLF E WUt WS WUXQJ FiF F V VQ[XWYjRFiFNKXF{QJQJKLSOjPWELQ SKiS TXDQ WUQJ KjQJ X NLPVRiW{QKLP.KXF{QJQJKLSFQ SKL W FXL KQJ JLy YjFXLQJXQQFLYLNKXGkQF[XQJTXDQKNKXF{QJQJKLSFQFyYjQKDLFk\[DQKFiFKO\

&iFFVVQ[XWF{QJQJKLSFjQJ SKkQ WiQ WURQJ { WK SKkQWKjQK QKLX NKX F{QJ QJKLS QK[HQNWURQJFiFNKXGkQFWKuP{LWUQJFjQJE{QKLP6QJLEWiF QJ WL VF NKH EL { QKLPP{L WUQJ NK{QJ NKt FjQJ OQ FyWKJSOQVRYLWUQJKSEWUtF{QJQJKLSWSWUXQJYjRFiFNKXF{QJQJKLSOQ

+LQ QD\ QKLX { WK QFWDQKW OjFiF{ WK OQQK+j1L+L3KzQJj1QJ73+&Kt0LQKDQJSKLWKFKLQPWJLLSKiSEWFGOjyQJFDKD\EWEXFGLGL FiFQKjPi\[tQJKLSJk\{QKLPQJKLrPWUQJWURQJQLWKjQK UD FiF NKX F{QJ QJKLS WSWUXQJQJRLWKjQK

E4XQOFiFQJXQWKLWQK.LP VRiW FiF QJXQ WKL WQK

FiF QJ NKyL F{QJ QJKLS Oj PWELQ SKiS TXDQ WUQJ FD TXQ OP{L WUQJ NK{QJ NKt 7KQJ NrGDQKViFKFDQJXQWKLWKHRWQJPFWKXSKt[WKLYjFSJL\SKpSWKL FKRPL QJXQ JL\ SKpS WKLWKQJFFSQPPWOQYjQKNQNLPWUD OQJWKLFDPL QJXQ 1X SKiW KLQ FK FiFQJXQ WKL NK{QJ WKF KLQ ~QJJL\SKpSWKuE[SKWKRFEWKXKLJL\SKpS

7X\Y\YLFWKXSKtP{LWUQJLYLFiFQJXQWKLNKtWURQJWKFWJSUWQKLXNKyNKQYuUWNKy[iFQKFKtQK[iFFiFWKLWKLP{LWUQJGRPLFKW{QKLPJk\UDQJ WKL YLF JLiP ViW WKL NKt VSKF WS KQ UW QKLX VR YL YLFJLiPViWFiFQJXQWKLNKiF

7UXQJ4XF OjQFFQJmiSGQJWKXSKtP{LWUQJLYLFiFQJXQ WKL WQK7W F FiF F{QJ W\X SKL QS SKt WKL NKt YjR XQP 0F QS SKt Qj\ F [iFQKGD WUrQ WuQKKuQK WKQJNrYNKtWKLQPWUFFDF{QJW\7LQSKt Qj\GR%DQ%R YP{L WUQJWKXWLQWKXFJLYjRQJkQKjQJFKRFiF[tQJKLSYD\XWYjRWKLWENLPVRiW{QKLP0FGXTXQj\FKFKLPNKRQJ QKXFXX WFKRNLPVRiW{QKLPVRQJYQOjPWQJXQYQTXDQ WUQJNKX\QNKtFKX WFKRNLPVRiW{QKLP

3Kt[WKLFWtQKGDWUrQF

VORLYjOQJFKW{QKLPNK{QJNKtWKLUDYLJLiWU[S[FKLSKtFKRWKLWEYjNWKXW[OJLPWKLX{QKLPLYLFiFFKWy&iFPFSKtFKFiSGQJFKRFiFQJXQ[NKtNK{QJYWTXiQKPF[NKtWKLWKHRJL\SKpS[NKt

&iFSKtQJLJk\{QKLPSKLWUFKR&KtQKSK OjPXDTX\QV GQJ P{L WUQJ OjP QL WLSQKQFiFFKW{QKLPYuY\QJLJk\ { QKLP YQ NK{QJFPLQWUWUiFKQKLPLYLEWNPWWQWKWP{LWUQJQjRFyWK[\UDNKLKWKLTXiJLLKQFKRSKpS

7UFNKLFVVQ[XWDYjRKRWQJYjQKNWURQJVXWWKLJLDQKRWQJFDFVFTXDQTXQOP{LWUQJVQFVVQ[XWWLQKjQKNLPWUDJLiPViW[HPFVVQ[XWFyWKFKLQFiFELQSKiSNLPVRiW{QKLPQKmWUuQKEj\WURQJ%iRFiRiQKJLiWiFQJP{L WUQJ Yj NLP WUD FiF F VVQ[XWFyPERWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJKD\NK{QJ

1JLWDFQJNKX\QNKtFKWK~F\Yj\rXFXFiFFVVQ[XWiSGQJWLrXFKXQ,627LrXFKXQKWKQJTXQOP{LWUQJPWVQFSKiWWULQVQSKPFDFiFFVVQ[XWF{QJQJKLSm F FS JL\ FKQJ QKQ WLrXFKXQ ,62 V Fy VF FQKWUDQK OQKQ WUrQ WK WUQJy OjPWNtFKWKtFKPQKLYLFiFF{QJW\WtFKFFWKFKLQWLrXFKXQ,62

F4XQOFiFQJXQWKLGLQJ&iF SKQJ WLQ JLDR WK{QJ F

JLLOjFiFQJXQWKLGLQJJk\{QKLPP{L WUQJ NKt { WK FjQJOQ FjQJ SKiW WULQ WKu JLDR WK{QJF JLL FjQJ SKiW WULQ Yj G QKLrQ{ QKLP P{L WUQJ GR JLDR WK{QJJk\ UD FjQJ OQ UW QKLX{ WKOQWUrQWKJLLKLQQD\OQJWKL{ QKLP NK{QJ NKt W FiF SKQJWLQJLDRWK{QJFKLPWQJOQJWKL{QKLPNK{QJNKt

1XFRLELWPWWYjELWKFSFK\XGRKRWQJJLDRWK{QJJk\ UD WKu W OQJXQSKiW VLQKELyQJJySFyOLrQTXDQQKRWQJJLDRWK{QJOrQWL

1KmWUuQKEj\FiFFKW{QKLPFKtQKGRFiFQJXQGLQJJk\UDOj

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

FiFFKW NKt2[LW FDUERQ &22[LWQLW&DUEXDK\UR&Q+PFKu3EELYjPXLNKyL&iFFKW{QKLPQj\XFKLLYLVFNKHFRQQJL

5W QKLX QF m W UD WLrXFKXQ [ NKt L YL FiF QJXQ GLQJFiFORL[H{W{[HPi\&iFF TXDQ TXQ O WLQ KjQK FQJFKWKLKjQKFiFWLrXFKXQQj\EQJFiFK WLQ KjQK FiF FKQJ WUuQKNLPWUDYjFKQJQKQmPERWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJLYLFiF[HPL[XW[QJ[HQKSNKXFQJQK Oj [H DQJ OX KjQK 7 FKFFiF WUP NLP VRiW P{L WUQJ LYL FiF ORL [H DQJ OX KjQK EWJL[SKWKRF WKXKLJL\SKpSOX KjQK L YL FiF [H NK{QJ WWLrXFKXQP{LWUQJ

4X\uQKQj\mWK~F\FiFQKjVQ [XW { W{ WLQ KjQK FL WLQ NWKXWYjOSWFiFWKLWENLPVRiWNKt WKL FD FiF [H QK Oj FL WLQYjiSGQJQJj\FjQJQKLXFiFEFKX\QKyD[~FWiFPLWURQJQJjQKVQ[XW{W{9LYLFiSGQJFiFEFKX\QKyD[~FWiFWLrQWLQPWVORL[HPLmNLPVRiWJLPWKLXNKt WKL+\URFDFERQ2[LWFDFERQ2[LWQLWWLPFQQJFDFK~QJWURQJNKtWKLW[H{W{[S[EQJWUVWLrXFKXQFKRSKpS

G4XQOFKW OQJQKLrQOLXGQJFKRSKQJWLQJLDRWK{QJ

ORL WU { QKLP FKu WURQJNK{QJ NKt { WK QKLX QF mFPVGQJ[QJSKDFKu WQJFKVFWDQJLPEW{QKLPNKt 62 WURQJ WKjQK SK QJL WDTX\QKKjPOQJOXKXQKWURQJGX GLH]HQ OX KjQK WURQJ WKjQKSKELYuNKt[FDFiFORL[HQj\NK{QJQKQJ FKD62Pj FzQ FyQKLXPXLYj WjQNKyL UWQJX\KLLYLVFNKHFDFRQQJL

JLPEWVED\KLFDNKt+\URFDFEXD QP 0 mTX\QKFKW OQJ[QJQKVDXFKD tW QKW Oj R[\ EQJ FiFKFKR WKrPFQNK{QJTXiFiFKS FKW KX F WKP NK{QJ TXi EHQ]HQ Yj FKW W\ UD 1XGQJ NKt W QKLrQ KyD OQJ JDVOjPQKLrQ OLXFKR[H{ W{ WKD\FKR[QJ WKu VJLPSKQ OQ{QKLPP{LWUQJNK{QJNKt{WKGRJLDRWK{QJYQWLJk\UD

1JRjLUDJLP{QKLPNK{QJNKt GR JLDR WK{QJ YQ WL Jk\ UDPWVQFSKiWWULQmWLQKjQKQJKLrQFXVQ[XWORDL[H{W{FRQFK\ EQJ QQJ OQJ PW WUL YjQQJOQJLQ7X\FiFORL[HQj\FyXLPYPWP{LWUQJUWOQQKOjNK{QJJk\{QKLPNK{QJNKtYjNK{QJJk\WLQJQQKQJiSGQJUQJUmLWURQJJLDRWK{QJ{WKFzQFyPWVWUQJLQKVFNpRFDQJ F FzQ WKS WF FK\FzQKQFKNKQQJWtFKWUQQJOQJFDFiFORLDFTX\FiFORLSLQLQGQJFKR{W{LQWKSGRyFO\FK\[HWURQJPLOQQSLQFzQQJQWKLJLDQQSLQOkXJLiWKjQKVQ[XW[HFDR

+LQQD\QKLXQFSKiWWULQWUrQWKJLLDQJ\PQKQJKLrQFXFiFYQNWKXWJLLTX\WFiFWUQJLWUrQFiFORL[HVFKQj\iSQJFQKFXVGQJUQJUmLFiF{WKWURQJWKN;;,

0WNKiFLYLFiFORL[HFK\EQJ QQJ OQJ LQ DFTX\ SLQWX\ NK{QJ Jk\ { QKLP NK{QJ NKtQKQJ WQJ QKX FX V GQJ LQQJKD Oj WQJ VQ [XW LQ 1XQJXQ LQ Oj QKLW LQ WKu V OjPWQJOQJSKiWWKLNKyLELWLQLVQ[XWLQGRY\WKFFKWFDYLFiSGQJFiF ORL[HQj\FKFyWiFGQJFKX\QFKW{QKLPWURQJWKjQK SK UD YQJ VQ [XiW LQYQJQJRL{

4XQ O KRW QJ[k\GQJFKX\rQFKYWOLXYjFKWWKLUQ

TXQOFyKLXTXFiFKRWQJ[k\GQJFKX\rQFKYWOLX[k\GQJYjFKWWKLUQ[k\GQJFQWLQKjQKQJEFiFJLLSKiSVDXk\

.LP VRiW FiF F{QJ WUuQK [k\GQJWQJFQJF{QJWiFFKHFKQOjPPP{LWUQJ[XQJTXDQKFiFF{QJWUuQK[k\GQJ

.LPVRiWFKWFKFiF[HFKYW OLX [k\ GQJ [H FK FKW WKLUQ&iF[HQj\QJRjLYLFFQFSKNtQNK{QJYW OLX ULYmL UDQJRjLW\UDFiFWKQJ[HYjOS[HPLNKLUDYjRWKjQKSK

4X\KRFKXW[k\GQJGWLPJLPWKLJLDQWKLF{QJYjFQSKLGLFKX\QFiFLPWSNWSKWKL[k\GQJUD[DWKjQKSK

7QJFQJF{QJWiFWLQFUDQJTXpWEL WKQJ[X\rQTX\KRFKXWFiFWUPUD[H

6*LDRWK{QJF{QJFKtQKSKLKSYLF{QJDQ WKjQKSK OSFiFFKWNLPWUDUDYjRWKjQKSK

7K{QJ TXD YLF SKiW KLQ FiF[HWLOjPYXQJYmLYWOLX[k\GQJUDQJSKFQWUX\QJX\rQQFKFDFiFF{QJWUuQK[k\GQJYjNLQQJK[SKWFiFFKF{QJWUuQKQj\KRFSKiWKLQ[H{W{FDF{QJW\QjR[NKyLJk\{QKLPTXiWLrXFKXQTX\QKVWUX\QJX\rQQJLiP F F{QJ W\ NLQ QJK [SKW

Ti liu tham kho

%iRFiRKLQWUQJP{LWUQJTXFJLDFiFQPFD%7jLQJX\rQYj0{LWUQJ9LW1DP

&iFWK{QJWLQWUrQFiF:HEVLWHFD%7jLQJX\rQYj0{LWUQJ%;k\GQJ%*LDRWK{QJYQWLYjFDPWVFTXDQEDQQJjQKNKiF

&iFEiRFiRFD67jLQJX\rQYj0{LWUQJFD73+j1LYj73+z&Kt0LQKWLFiFNKS+LQJQKkQGkQWKjQKSKYjWLPWV+LWKRNKRDKFYP{LWUQJYjTXQOP{LWUQJWURQJQKQJQPJQk\

*676.+3KP1JFQJ0{LWUQJNKt1Kj[XWEQ.KRDKFYj.WKXW+j1L

0WVWjLOLXWKDPNKRNKiF


WYQ.KL WtQK WRiQ NW FX WKpS EQJ FiF

SKQJ SKiS WtQK WK F{QJ YLF WuP UDNtFKWKFFXNLQKSOPWUWQKLXWKLJLDQYjF{QJVFWURQJTXiWUuQKWtQKWRiQFzQUWGEQKPOQ

9LF WtQK WRiQ NW FX WKpS zL KLQJLWKFKLQQJRjLNKQQJWtQKWRiQFKXQ [iF FzQ SKL Fy QKQJ KLX ELWWKFVYNWFXWKpS'RyYLFFQFyPWF{QJFVRViQKLFKQJNKiFKTXDQNWTXWtQKOjFQWKLW

NKF SKF YQ WUrQ QJ WKLyQJJySPWF{QJFKXtFKVGQJWKLWNWUFWLSKRFVRViQKLFKLXYLFiFNWTXWtQKNKiFWiFJLmWKLWOS%QJWtQKOLrQNWFKkQFWNKXQJWKpSQKWLWGLQ,WKS

7UrQWKFWFiFKuQKWKFFXWRYjWtQKWRiQOLrQNWFKkQFWWKpSUWSKRQJSK~3KPYL%QJWtQK[k\GQJFKRGQJOLrQNWFDFKkQFW WKpS , WKS WURQJNKXQJ WKpS QK QKj F{QJ QJKLS QKjNKXQJ WKpS WKS WQJFyFX WRFKkQFWJPEQFKkQFWGPOLrQNWFiQKFWYjEQVQ$OLrQNWGPYjREQYjVQ%OLrQNWEQJFWYjGPOLrQNWVGQJEXO{QJQHR

1LGXQJ%QJWtQKFKkQFW WKpSFWiFJL

OS WUuQK EQJ SKQ PP (;&(/ WKHR7&;'91 FX WU~F FD %QJWtQKSKKSYLWUuQKWWtQKWRiQWKLWNYjUWGVGQJ%QJWtQKJPQKQJSKQQKVDX3KQ,6OLXXYjR3KQQj\JPFiFPF0F1LOFWtQKWRiQ*PFiF{

QKSFiFVOLXWLWUQJXYjRQKOFFW97OFGF17YjPRPHQ07P

0F9WOLXVGQJ&KRSKpSODFKQFiFV OLXYYW OLXEr W{QJ OjPPyQJYjYWOLXWKpSOjPFKkQFW

.tKLXFiFNtFKWKFQK+uQK3KQ,,7tQKWRiQOLrQNWFKkQFW3KQQj\JPFiFPF0F7tQKWRiQEQ/jYLFWtQK

WRiQWKLWNFiFNtFKWKFEQPER\rXFXFKXOF

0FQj\FWKLWOS&yFiF{QKSVOLXKuQKKFFD

WLWGLQFWWIWZEKFiFNtFKWKFFDEQFFWGG

7QJWtQKWRiQYjDUDFKLXGjLEQ\rXFXWKHRLXNLQFKXpSFF

ThS. L DNG BO TRUNG

Xy dng bng tnh lin kt chn ctKHUNG THP NH TIT DIN , T HP

Tm tt: Bi bo gii thiu Bng tnh lin kt

chn ct khung thp nh tit din I t

hp. Bng tnh c th s dng thit k trc tip hoc kim chng cc kt

qu tnh khc.

Abstract:7KLVDUWLFOH

LQWURGXFHVWKHVSUHDGVKHHWFDOFXODWLRQRIWKHEDVHMRLQWLQWKHPLOGVWHHOIUDPHVHFWLRQ,FRPSOH[

7KHVSUHDGVKHHWFDQEHXVHGGLUHFWO\LQ

GHVLJQLQJRUYHULI\LQJDQRWKHUFDOFXODWLRQ

UHVXOWV

Hnh 1. K hiu cc kch thc chn ct

E FD Er W{QJ PyQJ Yj LX NLQFXWR&KLXGjL/EFXLFQJGRQJLVGQJ W ODFKQ WUrQFVNtFKWKFFKXOF\rXFX

7 QJ WtQK WRiQ NLP WUD OLQJVXWSKQOFFDErW{QJPyQJGLEQWQJQJFKLXGjL/E

7QJWtQKWRiQFKLXGj\EQSKWKXFYj{EQFyJLiWUPR-PHQ OQ QKW 6DX NKL OD FKQ VOQJVQ$%YjQKSJLiWUFKLXGj\VQ$W$YjVQ%W%%QJWtQKVWQJWtQKWRiQFFKLXGj\EQ\rXFXWURQJFiFWUQJKSEWUtVOQJVQ$VQ%NKiFQKDX%QJWtQKFWKLWOSOLQKQJWLPFFKRSKpSEWUtWL VQ$ KRF VQ%&KLXGj\ EQ FXL FQJ WE GR QJLVGQJWODFKQWUrQFVNtFKWKFFKXOF\rXFX

0F7tQKWRiQGP&KLXFDRGPFWKLWN

QJKjQ OLrQ NW GP YjRFiQKFWNKQQJFKXOF0FQj\FWKLWOS

&yFiF{QKSV OLXSKFYFKRYLFWtQKGPQKFiFWK{QJVQJKjQVEKIIZ

7 QJ WtQK OF WiF GQJ OrQGP Yj WtQK FKLX GjL \rX FXQJKjQOZ

&KLX FDR GP WKF W GRQJLVGQJFKQWUrQFVFKLXGjLOZ\rXFX

0F7tQKWRiQVQ$0{KuQKWtQKOjGPFRQVROQJjP

YjR GP 0F JP FiF QLGXQJ

1KSV OLX FKLX FDRQJKjQKIOLrQNWVQ$YjRGP

7 QJ WtQK F JLi WUPR-PHQ0VWiFGQJOrQVQYjWyD UD V OLX FKLX FDR VQ \rXFX&KLXFDRVQ$FXLFQJGRQJLVGQJ W ODFKQ WUrQFVVOLXDUD

7UrQFVFKLXFDRVQKVmODFKQ%QJWtQKWQJNLPWUDOLNKQQJFKXOFFDWLWGLQVQ $ WKHR LX NLQ 86 WQJQJYjNLPWUDNKQQJFKXOFFDQJKjQJyF OLrQNWVQ$YLEQWKHRLXNLQ86WQJ

0F7tQKWRiQVQ%0{KuQKWtQKOjGPFRQVROQJjP

YjREQJFW1KSV OLX FKLX FDRQJ

KjQKIOLrQNWVQ%YjREQJFW 7 QJ WtQK F JLi WUPR-

PHQ0VWiFGQJOrQVQ{FyJLiWU OQQKW Yj WyD UD V OLXFKLXFDRVQ\rXFX&KLXFDRVQ%FXLFQJGRQJLVGQJWODFKQWUrQFVVOLXDUD

7UrQFVFKLXFDRKVmODFKQ%QJWtQKWQJNLPWUDOLNKQQJFKXOFFDWLWGLQVQ% WKHR LX NLQ 86 WQJ QJYj NLP WUD NK QQJ FKX OF FDQJKjQJyF OLrQNWVQ%YLEQWKHRLXNLQ86WQJ

0F7tQKWRiQEXO{QJQHR%XO{QJQHRFEWFKWYjEQ

VOQJEXO{QJQHRWLWKLXOj FiL %XO{QJ QHR F WtQK WRiQYLFSQLOFJk\NpROQQKWFKRFKkQ FW 0F Qj\ JP FiF FKFQQJVDX

&iF{FKRSKpSQKSJLiWUQLOFEWOLFKREXO{QJ9717Yj07P

6DXNKLQKSJLiWUNKRQJFiFKWPpSEQQWUQJWkPEXO{QJEQJWtQKWQJWtQKWRiQFiFWK{QJVQKNKRQJFiFK WEXO{QJQWUQJ WkPFW\ WtQKFKLXGjLYQJErW{QJ FKX QpQ/ Yj WtQK OF NpRWQJ WURQJ QKyP EXO{QJ PW SKtDFKkQFW7

%QJWtQKFzQFyFiF{WtQKWRiQJLiWU OFNpR7YLFSWKSFyOFGFJk\NpRJLiWUGQJ

;iF QK F OF NpR WURQJQKyPEXO{QJPWSKtDFKkQFW7PD[ PD[77YjWtQKFGLQWtFK\rX FX FDPW EXO{QJ%QJ WtQKFKR SKpS FKQ QJ NtQK EXO{QJYjNLPWUD OLPER\rXFXQJ NtQK EXO{QJ FKQ OQ KQQJNtQKEXO{QJ\rXFXYjNK{QJWKDNKQQJFKXOF

0F7tQKWRiQFiFQJKjQOLrQNWFKkQFWYjREQ

QJKjQFWtQKWKHRTXDQQLP PRPHQ Yj OF GF GR FiFQJKjQFiQKFKXFzQOFFWGRQJKjQEQJFKX7KSWtQK WRiQ QJ KjQ OLrQ NW FKkQFW YjREQ FQJ Oj W KS WtQKEXO{QJQHR

%QJWtQKWQJWtQKFOFNpR WURQJ EQ FiQK FW GR0 Yj 9Jk\UD

7NtFKWKFFDEQFiQKYjEQEQJFWWtQKFWUFFKLXGjLWQJFQJFDQJKjQOLrQNW

FiQKYjEQJFWYLEQYjGRyWtQKFFKLXFDR\rXFXFDQJ KjQ JyF&KLX FDR WKLW NFDQJKjQFXLFQJGRQJLVGQJWODFKQWUrQFVFKLXFDRKIFKXOF\rXFX9tGWtQKWRiQ6RViQKYLVOLXWtQKWRiQ

FKkQFWWURQJPFWjLOLX>@7LWUQJWtQKWRiQ1 70 7P9 7&WWKpS,WLWGLQ,

PP.tFKWKFF PPF

PP&KLX FDR QJ KjQ OLrQ NW

GPVQ$VQ%KI PP7KpS&&74XHKjQ1KjQ

WD\ NLP WUD WKQJ %XO{QJ QHR0Q6L

.WTXWtQKFD>@ &KLX Gj\ EQ \rX FX

WE PPFKQWE PP &KLX GjL QJ KjQ OLrQ NW

GP\rXFXOZFPFKQKG FP

&KLX FDR VQ $ \rX FXKV$FPFKQKV$ FP

&KLX FDR VQ % \rX FXKV%FPFKQKV% FP

%XO{QJ QHR WtQK W W KS EWOL FKR EXO{QJ 1 70 7P >@ Fy GLQ WtFK \rXFXFDPWEXO{QJQHROj$\F FPFKQEXORRQJ0Fy$ FP

&KLX FDR QJ KjQ OLrQ NWFiQK FW Yj EQ KI FPFKQKI PP

&KLX FDR QJ KjQ OLrQ NWEQJ FW Yj EQKI FPFKQKI PP

.WTXWtQKEQJ%QJWtQK&KLXGj\EQ\rXFXWE

PPFKQWE PP &KLX GjL QJ KjQ OLrQ NW

GP \rX FX OZ FPFKQKG FP

&KLXFDRVQ$\rXFXKV$FPFKQKV$ FP

&KLXFDRVQ%\rXFXKV%FPFKQKV% FP

%XO{QJQHRWtQKWWKSEWOL

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

38 TP CH KHOA HC KIN TRC - XY DNG


FKREXO{QJ1 70 7P>@FyGLQWtFK\rXFXFDPWEXO{QJQHROj$\F FPFKQEXO{QJ0Fy$ FP

&KLXFDRQJKjQOLrQNWFiQKFWYjEQKI FPFKQKI PP

&KLXFDRQJKjQOLrQNWEQJFWYjEQKI FPFKQKI PP

7KDLNWTXWUrQFKRWK\NWTXWtQKWRiQJLD>@Yj%QJWtQKJLQJQKDX

0WVNWTXFWKFKLQEQJ%QJWtQK6GQJEQJWtQKYLWLWGLQFW,

ErW{QJ%WKpSWPPiF&&7TXHKjQ1FKLXGj\FiFGPVQ$VQ%OjPPFKLXFDRFiFQJKjQO\WKQJQKWKI PPOLrQNWVGQJVQ$YjVQ%YLPLFS01WtQKFFiFWK{QJVWKLWNQK%QJ

.WOXQ%QJ WtQKF WKLW OSPDQJ OLQKQJKLXTX

OQWURQJYLFWLWNLPWKLJLDQF{QJVFNKLWtQKWRiQOLrQNWFKkQFWWKpS,YjKQFKFQKQJVDLVyWVRYLWtQKWRiQWKF{QJ

%QJWtQKOjPWF{QJFWLQF\NLPFKQJFiFNWTXWtQKNKiF

9LF[OQKDQKFKyQJYjWuPUDQKLXSKQJiQWKLWNVJL~SFKQUDJLLSKiSWKLWNWLX

%QJ WtQK WX\ m [ O F YLF E WUt V OQJVQ$%NKiFQKDXQKQJYQWURQJSKPYLFDGQJOLrQNWmQKVQKQJSKiWWULQWLSWKHROjOSWUuQK%QJWtQKYLFiFGQJOLrQNWFKkQFWNKiF

1 0 WE KG KV$ KV% 1 0 WE KG KV$ KV%

7 7P PP PP PP PP 7 7P PP PP PP PP

Bng 1. Cc thng s thit k lin kt chn ct tit din I550x300x14x10

Ti liu tham kho

7&;'91.WFXWKpSWLrXFKXQWKLWN1;%;k\GQJ+jQL

.WFXWKpSFXNLQFEQ3KP9Q+LFKELrQ1;%.KRDKFYj.WKXW+jQL

.WFXWKpSF{QJWUuQKGkQGQJYjF{QJQJKLS3KP9Q+LFKELrQ1;%.KRDKFYj.WKXW+jQL

7KLWNNKXQJWKpSQKjF{QJQJKLSPWWQJPWQKS763KP0LQK+jFKELrQ76RjQ7X\W1JF1;%;k\GQJ+jQL

&iFEjLWKFKjQK([FHOGQJFKRNVYjQJLOjPNKRDKF1JX\Q4XDQJ0LQK1;%7KDQKQLrQQP

;k\GQJSKQPPWtQKWRiQFXNLQWKpSWKHR7&;'911JX\Q7UkP/r'QJ%R7UXQJQP

ThS. PHM VN }T

Cc dng ph hoi ca vm cu khng gian mt lpDI TC }NG CA TI TRNG }IU HA C K }N S LM VIC } NG THICA KT C~U CT, GING PHA DI

Tm tt:

Trong mt s nm gn y xut hin nhiu cng trnh s dng kt cu vm khng gian vt khu ln. Hn na, gn y xy ra nhiu hin tng thin nhin bt thng nh ng t ph hy

nhiu cng trnh xy dng v gy ra nhng thm ha trn th gii, in hnh l trn ng t nm 2009 ti Thnh }, Trung Quc.

Do vy, vic nghin cu vm khng gian ni ring v kt cu cng trnh ni chung di tc dng ca ti trng ng l mt nhim v quan trng. Cc nh khoa hc trong v ngoi nc nghin cu rt nhiu ti v vn ny nhng hu ht cc nghin cu mi ch tp trung vo s lm vic c lp ca kt cu vm pha trn, cha nghin cu s lm vic ng thi ca kt cu vm, ct v

ging ct pha di. V vy kt qu nghin cu v s lm vic thc t ca kt cu c s khc bit. } ti ny p dng phng php

phn t hu hn (FEM) phn tch s lm vic ca kt cu vm cu khng gian mt lp c k n s lm vic ng thi ca kt

cu bn di, di tc dng ca ti trng ng theo phng ngang v theo phng thng ng. Kt qu ca ti s gip cho cc

nh nghin cu kt cu thp, cc vin nghin cu xy dng v cc nh thit k bc u c th phn on dng ph hoi ca kt cu vm cu khng gian mt lp khi chu tc dng ca ti trng ng.

$EVWUDFW

,QUHFHQW\HDUVG\QDPLFEHKDYLRURIVLQJOHOD\HUODWWLFHGGRPHVKDVDWWUDFWHGDWWHQWLRQVRIPDQ\UHVHDUFKHUV1RZDGD\VDQWLVHLVPLF

GHVLJQRIVXFKVWUXFWXUHVKDVEHHQSUHOLPLQDULO\UHDOL]HGRQWKHEDVLVRIFKHFNLQJHODVWLFHOHPHQWVHLVPLFLQQHUIRUFHDQGSODVWLFQRGH

GLVSODFHPHQW+RZHYHULQPRVWRIWKHVHUHVHDUFKMREVGRPHVZHUHGLUHFWO\VXSSRUWHGE\IRXQGDWLRQVDQGWKHFRRSHUDWLRQDFWLRQRI

VXEVWUXFWXUHVKDVEHHQLJQRUHG,QWKLVSDSHUG\QDPLFDQDO\VHVIRUVLQJOHOD\HUODWWLFHGGRPHVVXSSRUWHGE\ERWKFROXPQVDQGEUDFHGIUDPHVVXEMHFWHGWRERWKKRUL]RQWDODQGYHUWLFDOKDUPRQLFZDYHVDUHSHUIRUPHGLQ)(0VRIWZDUH$16


KHOA HC & CNG NGH

FDNWFXEQJ&QFYjRFiFVOLXWtQKWRiQ

WjL SKkQ WtFK NKRQJ KQ WUQJKSNKiFQKDXYLFiFWKDPVWKD\LFDYzPFXNK{QJJLDQPWOSFyNQVOjPYLFFDKFWYjJLQJFWErQGLWDWK\NWFXFyKDLGQJSKiKRLLQKuQK'QJSKiKRLLQKuQK;pWYzPFXNK{QJJLDQPWOS

FyNQVOjPYLFQJWKLFDNWFXFWJLQJErQGL'%NKL WL WUQJ QJ LX KzD YL WQV+] WKHRSKQJ WKQJQJOjPWYtGLQKuQKFKRGQJSKiKRLLQKuQKWKQKWLYLGQJSKiKRLLQKuQKWKQKWWDWK\NKL ELrQ WL WUQJ Oj JDO WUrQYzPFXYQFKDFyPWWKDQKYzPQjR [XW KLQ NKS GR FKX\Q YOQQKWFDQ~WYzPOjP.KLELrQWLWUQJOjJDOWUrQYzPFXEWX[XWKLQNKSGR.KLELrQWLWUQJOjJDOFKX\QY OQQKWFDQ~WYzPOjPW

OVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3OjWUrQYzPYQFKD[XWKLQNKSGR31XWDWLSWFWQJELrQ WL WUQJNKLELrQ WL WUQJ OjJDOFKX\QY OQQKWFDQ~WYzPOjPWOVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3OjWOVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3Oj.KLELrQWLWUQJOjJDONWFXW QJW ELQ GQJ OQ FKX\Q YOQ QKW FD Q~W YzP Oj P W OV WKDQK [XW KLQ NKS GR 3 OjWOVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3OjQKQJNWFXYQFzQ Fy NK QQJ FKX OF 1X WDWLSWFWQJELrQFDWLWUQJOrQJDOFKX\QY OQQKWFDQ~WYzPOjPWOVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3OjWOVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3Oj.KLELrQ WL WUQJ YW TXD JDOWKu YzPFXWQJWPW NKQQJFKXOFYjELrQQJYLJDOFJLOjWLWUQJJLLKQ

k\OjFJLOjGQJSKiKRLLQKuQK WKQKWF O\YLEjL

WRiQLYLGQJSKiKRLLQKuQKWKQKWWDWK\NKLELrQWLWUQJWQJWKuFKX\QYYjNKSGRKuQKWKjQKWUrQYzPWQJQWUFWKLLPNWFXESKiKRLWKuJQQKWRjQEFiFWKDQKFDYzPX[XWKLQNKSGRYjQ~WFKX\QY OQQKWFDYzPWQJL OQk\OjGQJSKiKRLLQKuQKJLOjGQJSKiKRLWKHRFQJ*KLFK~3WKKLQWUrQPWFW

QJDQJ FD WKDQK EW X [XW KLQKLQ WQJ FK\ GR 3 WK KLQWUrQWRjQEPWFWQJDQJFDWKDQKFK\GR'QJSKiKRLLQKuQK;pWYzPFXNK{QJJLDQPWOS

FyNQVOjPYLFQJWKLFDNWFXFWJLQJErQGL'%NKLWLWUQJQJLXKzDYLWQV+]WiFGQJWKHRSKQJQJDQJOjPWYtGLQKuQKFKRGQJSKiKRL LQ KuQK WK KDL .KL ELrQ WL WUQJ OjJDO WUrQYzPFXYQFKD Fy PW WKDQK YzP QjR [XWKLQ NKS GR FKX\Q Y OQ QKWFDQ~WYzPOjP.KLELrQWL WUQJ Oj JDO WUrQ YzPFX WOVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGRJQQK NK{QJ Fy FKX\Q Y OQ QKWFDQ~WYzPOjPWOVWKDQK[XW KLQ NKS GR 3 Oj NKSGR3YQFKD[XWKLQ.KLELrQWLWUQJOjJDOFKX\QYOQQKWFDQ~WYzPOjPWOV WKDQK [XW KLQ NKS GR 3 Oj W O V WKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR 3 Oj .KL ELrQ WLWUQJ Oj JDO FKX\Q Y OQ QKWFDQ~WYzPOjPVNKSGRWUrQ YzP JQ QK NK{QJ WQJ .KLELrQ WL WUQJ YW TXD JDOYzP FX W QJW E ELQ GQJ FFEYjOjPFKRNWFXPWNKQQJFKX OFYjELrQQJYLJDOFJLOjWLWUQJJLLKQ

k\OjFJLOjGQJSKiKRLLQKuQKWKKDLLYLGQJSKiKRL LQ KuQK WK KDL WD WK\ NKLELrQWLWUQJWQJWKuFKX\QYYjNKSGRKuQKWKjQKWUrQYzPFQJWQJQKQJQWUFWKLLPNW

9WUt

9zPPiL

'PYzQJ &W *LQJFW7KDQKFKYjWKDQKYzQJ

7KDQK[LrQ

.tFKWKF [ [ [[ [ [

.KX

GFYzP

3KQJWiFGQJWLWUQJ

7QVFDWLWUQJ

.KX

GFYzP

3KQJWiFGQJWLWUQJ

7QVFDWLWUQJ

3KQJQJDQJ

3KQJQJDQJ

3KQJQJ

3KQJQJ

3KQJQJDQJ

3KQJQJ

Bng 1. Kch thc ca kt cuHnh 1. Vm cu khng gian mt lp

Bng 2. Cc tn s dao ng ring ca kt cu

FXESKiKRLWKuWOVWKDQKYzP[XWKLQNKSGRtWQ~WFKX\QYOQQKWFDYzPFzQWQJLQKKuQKGQJFDNWFXNK{QJWKD\LQKLXFK~QJFK[XWKLQELQGQJFFEWLPWNKXYFQKWQKFDYzPFX'QJSKiKRLQj\OjGQJSKi KRL F EQ Yj F JL OjGQJSKiKRLWKHRPWQQK6QKKQJFDFiFWKDPVQJKLrQFX

WuP V QK KQJ FD

SKQJWLWUQJWiFQJYjGFYzPQGQJSKiKRLFDNWFXFK~QJWDSKLNKRViWQKLXWLWUQJQJLXKzDWKHRFiFSKQJNKiFQKDX WiF GQJ YjR NW FX WuP WLWKLLPWLWUQJWiFGQJWQWL WUQJ JLL KQ FiF F WUQJ YFKX\QY OQQKWYjSKQWUPVWKDQKYzP[XWKLQNKSGR

7KHREQJWDWK\LYLYzPFXNK{QJJLDQPWOSFyNQVFQJOjPYLFFDNWFXFWJLQJErQ GL NKL FKX WiF GQJ FD WL

WUQJQJLXKzDWKuFKX\QYFDQKFWJQQKUWQKPNWFXErQGLJQQKNK{QJEELQ GQJ NKL WL WUQJ W Q WLWUQJJLLKQ7K{QJTXDEQJWDFQJWK\LYLPWNWFXNKLFKXWL WUQJQJLXKzDYL FF WQVNKiFQKDXWKuGQJSKiKRLFQJNKiFQKDX1JRjLUDFQJWEQJWDWK\NKLYzPFXNK{QJJLDQPWOSFyNQVFQJOjPYLFFDNWFXFWJLQJErQGLNKLFKXWiFGQJFDWLWUQJWiFGQJWKHR

$FFHOHUDWLRQDPSOLWXGHJDO $FFHOHUDWLRQDPSOLWXGHJDO $FFHOHUDWLRQDPSOLWXGHJDO

Hnh 2. Chuyn v ln nht ca nt v ti trng

Hnh 4. Phn b khp do trn vm vi cc ti trng khc nhau

Hnh 5. Hnh dng ca kt cu khi ti trng t n ti trng gii hn

Hnh 6. Chuyn v ln nht ca nt v ti trng

Hnh 7. T l khp do v ti trng

Hnh 3. T l khp do v ti trng


KHOA HC & CNG NGH

9zPFX

3KQJWiFGQJFDWLWUQJ

7QVWLWUQJ+]

FLPNWFXWQWLWUQJSKiKRL

3KiQRiQGQJSKiKRL%LrQWL

WUQJJDO

&KX\QYOQQKWLPQ~W

P

7OVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3

7OVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3

&KX\QYOQQKWXFWP

'

3KQJQJDQJ

0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP

3KQJWKQJQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

'

3KQJQJDQJ

0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ 0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP

3KQJWKQJQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

3KQJQJDQJ

0WQQKYzP 0WQQKYzP

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ 0WQQKYzP 0WQQK

3KQJWKQJQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

9zPESKiKRLWKHRFQJ

SKQJQJ WKu NW FX WKQJESKiKRLWKHRFQJNKLWLWUQJWQWLWUQJJLLKQNWFXEELQGQJQKLXFKX\QY OQQKWFDQ~WFQJUWQKLXFyWKOrQQPKXKWFiFWKDQKYzP[XWKLQNKSGRWOVWKDQK[XWKLQNKSGR3YWTXD1JFOLNKLNWFXFKXWiFGQJFDWLWUQJ WiF GQJ WKHR SKQJ QJDQJWKu NW FX WKQJESKiKRL WKHRGQJYzPFXPWQQKGQJSKiKRLLQKuQK.WOXQ9zPFXNK{QJJLDQPWOSFy

NQVFQJOjPYLFFDNWFXFWJLQJErQNKLFKXWLWUQJQJLX KzD WiF GQJ Fy KDL GQJ SKiKRLFEQOj

9zPFXEPWQQK7UFNKLWQWL WUQJJLLKQWKuNWFX ELQ GQJ UW tW V WKDQK JLjQKuQKWKjQKNKSGRFKDQKLX.KLWLWUQJWQWLWUQJJLLKQWKuYzPFXWQJWEELQGQJOQYjNKLYWTXDWLWUQJJLLKQQj\WKuNWFXOSWFEPWNKQQJFKXOF

9zP FX E SKi KRL WKHRFQJ7UFNKLWLWUQJWQWL WUQJJLLKQ WKuNWFXEELQGQJ QKLX FKX\Q Y OQ QKW FDQ~W OQYjLDVWKDQKJLjQX[XWKLQNKSGR.KLWLWUQJWQWLWUQJJLLKQWKuKXKWFiFWKDQKJLDQX[XWKLQNKSGRFKX\QYOQQKWFDQ~WWQJLOQ1XWLWUQJYWTXDWLWUQJJLLKQQj\WKuNWFXOSWFEPWNKQQJFKXOF

1JKLrQFXYzPFXNK{QJJLDQPWOSFyNQVFQJOjPYLFFD NW FX FW JLQJ ErQ NKL FKXWL WUQJQJLXKzD WiFGQJ WDWK\SKQJFDWL WUQJFQJQKKQJ UW QKLX Q SKQJ WKFSKiKRLFDNWFX7LWUQJWKHRSKQJ QJDQJ WKQJ OjP NW FXSKiKRLWKHRGQJYzPPWQQK7LWUQJWiFGQJWKHRSKQJQJWKQJOjPNWFXGQJYzPFXESKiKRLWKHRFQJFELWGFFjQJQKWKuYzPFXFjQJ[XWKLQQKLXNKSGR

Ti liu tham kho

.,VKLNDZD6NDWR'\QDPLF%XFNOLQJ%HKDYLRURI6LQJOHDQG'RXEOH/D\HU/DWWLFHG'RPHVGXHWR9HUWLFDO(DUWKTXDNH0RWLRQ6SDFH6WUXFWXUHV7KRPDV7HOIRUG/RQGRQYRO

7RVKLWVXJX6DND


&KWF OjFKWFy WKJk\KKLEQKKRF WYRQJFKRF WKWKQJ OjFiFSKQQJKRiKFKRFFiFKRW WtQKNKiF WUrQSKPYLSKkQWNKLPWVOQJYDFFWKVLQKYWKSWKYjR

0{LWUQJWP{LWUQJQFFQJQKP{LWUQJNKtQFWDE{QKLPFKWFQKLXGRVGQJKRiFKWFWURQJWKLNFKLQWUDQKGRQJLGkQVGQJFKWGLWFWKXFVkXWKXFGLWFKXWSKkQEyQKRiKFEDEmLWKLXWKQWUQJ

7URQJQKQJF{QJWUQJFy[OQJkPWPJSKLGQJ&Ur{]{WKD\FiFORLWKXFGLWPLPWYjFiFF{QWUQJFyKLNKiFWKuFiFORLKRiFKWQj\XOjFKWF

1KLPFWURQJQJjQK[k\GQJQyLFKXQJJSSKLWURQJTXiWUuQKWKLF{QJWiErW{QJKRFVGQJFiFYWOLXFKDFKWFQKVQQKDQJNKtFFzQWURQJOzQJWNKLNKRViWDFKWjRJLQJKRFjRFiFKPyQJVkXjRF{QJWUuQKQJPWURQJOzQJW

1JL ODRQJQKLPFGLKDL GQJ OjQKLPFFS WtQKYjQKLPFPmQWtQK1KLPFPmQWtQKWURQJF{QJWUuQKQJP&71GRP{LWUQJQJPFyFKLPjNK{QJSKiWKLQFQrQFKWFQJPYjRQJLODRQJKRFNKLVGQJKPEQKLPFWWFKPUmL

3KzQJFKQJFKLFKRP{LWUQJQL ODRQJ[k\GQJQKWOjWURQJP{LWUQJNtQFDF{QJWUuQKQJPOjLXUWiQJTXDQWkPWURQJJLDLRQQj\&iFORLQKLPFWURQJ[k\GQJF{QJWUuQKQJPFLPFD&71YPWQKLPFNKLWKLF{QJ[k\GQJ&71FyP{LWUQJNtQ0{LWUQJNtQNK{QJJLDQEKQFKWKHR

FiFSKQJ WRQrQV WtFK W NKyL GRFiFPi\PyFSKQJ WLQ WKLF{QJNKLFKi\KRFQQJKLFFDRJk\UDPLQJX\KLPFKRFRQQJL DQJ WURQJP{L WUQJQj\.KL FKi\ QKLW WURQJP{L WUQJNtQWQJQKDQKWUFWLSQJWKLKjPOQJ{[\WURQJP{LWUQJJLPQKDQKKjPOQJFKWFODQWDQKDQKJk\NKyNKQKRFOjPPWLVVQJFDFRQQJL

&71FyP{LWUQJGjL1KLXKPQJPFyNtFKWKFGjLQKKPWX\QHQJLDRWK{QJFQJJk\NKyWKRiWQJLNKLNK{QJNKtWURQJKPEQKLPF

&71FyP{LWUQJVkX1KLXORLKPQJPQPVkXGLPWWQrQNKyOrQNKyWKRiWQJLUDNKLYQJQJX\KLP

1JX\FFDRKQFiFGQJF{QJWUuQKNKiF1JRjLQKQJFLPQrXWUrQNKQQJ&71E[SEQJSQFEEtWNtQOjQKQJQJX\FWRQrQVQKLPFFDRKQFiFGQJF{QJWUuQKNKiF'RYk\FQSKLTXDQWkPQDQWRjQNKLVGQJF{QJWUuQKQJP

&iFORLQKLPFWURQJ&71FyWKSKkQWKjQKQKyPFKtQKD1KLPF NLP ORL1KLPF FKu QKLPF DVHQ QKLPF

QK{PQKLPFFU{PQKLPFPDQJDQYjFiFKSFKWFDPDQJDQE1KLPFGXQJP{LKXF'XQJP{LKXFEpRYjPFKWKQJ

GXQJP{LKXFFyKDORJHQUXYjJO\FROVXOIXDFDFERQ&6DOGHK\GHWHYjHWK\OHQR[\WQKLPFGXQJP{LKXFWKPEHQ]HQYjFiFQJQJFDEHQ]HQ

F1KLPFKRiFKWWUVkXGRYQFKX\QERTXQSKDWUQSKXQUFKRiFKWWUVkXGLWF{QWUQJOkQKXFFORKXFFDUEDPDWWURQJTXiWUuQKWKLF{QJ[k\GQJQJLODRQJXFyWKEWLS[~FYj

TS. BI MNH HNG

Phng chng nhim cKHI XY DNG CNG TRNH NGM

Tm tt:Nhim c trong ngnh xy

dng ni chung gp phi trong qu trnh thi cng t , b

tng hoc s dng cc vt liu cha cht c, kh c cn

trong lng t khi kho st a cht, o ging hoc o cc h mng su, o cng trnh ngm

trong lng t. Phng chng c hi cho mi trng ni lao ng xy dng nht l trong mi trng kn

ca cng trnh ngm l iu rt ng quan tm trong giai on

ny.

$EVWUDFW3RLVRQLQJLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQ

LQGXVWU\JHQHUDOO\KDSSHQVLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIURFNFRQFUHWHRUWKHXVHRIWR[LFPDWHULDOVJDVHV

UHPDLQLQJLQWKHJURXQGGXULQJWKHSURFHVVRIWKHJHRORJLFDOVXUYH\ZHOOVRUGHHSSLWXQGHUJURXQG

ZRUNVGLJJLQJ3UHYHQWLQJKDUPIXOWRWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQHQYLURQPHQWHVSHFLDOO\LQWKHFORVHG

HQYLURQPHQWRIWKHXQGHUJURXQGZRUNVLVZRUWKFRQFHUQLQJLQWKLV

SHULRG

KHOA HC & CNG NGH

FyQJX\FQKLPFQJKQJKLSG1KLPFGREL1KLPEL

SKLVLOLFELDPLQJH1KLPFGRWLDSKyQJ[.KL WKL F{QJ [k\ GQJ JS WLD

SKyQJ [ NKL FKLX W ErQ QJRjLWLF WK JL Oj WLD WiFGQJQJRLFKLXKRFFKWSKyQJ[[kPQKSYjRF WK TXDQJ WKQJWLrX KRi WL PiX [QJ FiF WFKFFDFWKYjQJWKLJk\WiFGQJFKLX[WKuWiFGQJQj\JLOjWiFGQJQLFKLX[EFKLX[WErQWURQJ

+DL ORL FKLX [ Qj\ X Jk\QJX\ KLP FKR QJL ODR QJ&KLX[ WErQ WURQJ WKQJQJX\KLPKQYuWKLJLDQEFKLX[OkXKQ GLQ FKLX [ UQJ KQ FiFKjR WKL FKWSKyQJ[ UDQJRjLFWKFQJNKyNKQKQ

I1KLPFGROjPYLFWUQJLQWWQVFDR

7URQJ WKL F{QJ &71 Fy PW VF{QJYLFVGQJGzQJLQWQVFDR1yFKRSKpSWLQKjQKTXiWUuQKF{QJ QJK QKDQK FKyQJ KQ PER FKW OQJ JLD F{QJ FDR KQQJWKLWRLXNLQQJGQJUQJUmLFiFWKLWEFNKtKRiYjWQJKRiWURQJWKLF{QJ&71

&iFWKLWEVGQJLQFDRWQSKiW UD QKQJ QQJ OQJ LQ WFiF QQJ OQJ Qj\ OL ELQ WKjQKF{QJ Fy tFK SKF Y TXi WUuQK WKLF{QJ [k\ GQJ 6RQJ NKL y WURQJYQJ OjP YLF [XW KLQ PW P{LWUQJLQWFyWKJk\WiFKLYLFWKQJLODRQJ6[XWKLQFiFWiFKLyGRPWWKQJNK{QJQKuQ WK\ F Yj WiF GQJ FDFK~QJ FQJ NK{QJ FP WK\ FEQJ FiF JLiF TXDQ QrQ V QJX\KLP GR QKLP FiF WLD QQJ OQJQj\OLFjQJWQJ

K1KLPFNKiFGR OHSWRVSLUDQJK QJKLS GR NKQJ E QKLPF7177ULQLWUR7ROXHQ

1JRjL QKQJ NK QQJ QKLPFGRFiFYW OLX [k\GQJF

VGQJWURQJTXiWUuQKWKLF{QJFzQFyWKJSSKLFiFW~LFKWFQPWURQJWFFK{QJLXWOkXTXiWUuQKQJKLrQFXYNKXW[k\GQJNK{QJSKiWKLQFVPQNKLjRWPLJS&iFELQSKiSSKzQJFKQJ

QKLPFWURQJ[k\GQJ&71.LPWUDP{LWUQJODRQJ

WUFNKLWKLF{QJ1JKLrQ FX N OFK V FD D

SKQJ ELW D LP [k\ GQJOLrQTXDQQFKWFQKLXKD\tW1FWDYDUDNKLFXFFKLQWUDQKOkXGjLYjJLDQNKQrQSKLWuPKLXN QKQJ \X W OFK V G OLXNK QQJ jR SKL QKQJ W~L FKDFKW F0W V NKR WKXF ER YWKFYWYLV OQJNK{QJQKETXrQLKRFGRFTXDQTXQOJLLWiQPjNK{QJFyFTXDQFKXWUiFKQKLPERTXQYjWKLXNLQKSKtERTXQQrQOLWURQJOzQJW

1JKLrQ FX EQ D FKWF{QJ WUuQK SKiQ RiQ NK QQJFWJLXFKWFQJX\KLP

1JKLrQFXWuQKKuQKNLQKW[mKLDSKQJYjNKXYFSKiWKLQ QL FW FKD FKW F QJX\KLP QK KQJ Q VLQK PQJF{QJQKkQWURQJTXiWUuQKWKLF{QJ

0XD VP G SKzQJ WUDQJ ESKQJ WLQ FKQJ F VQ VjQJQJSKyYLVFQKPWQQFVFK NKQ FKPPW PLQJ WURQJTXiWUuQKWKLF{QJ

.KLjRKVkXKRFJSJLQJVkXSKLFyGQJFQKQJQKDGjL SKzQJ NKL SKL [XQJ K[XQJJLQJFSFX

.LP WUDYQ WK{QJJLyK~WNKyLYjFKQJ WNKyL WUFNKLYjRFDOjPYLF

%LQSKiSSKzQJQJDQKLPF

D 7UF NKL F{QJ QKkQ [XQJOjPYLFWLFiFKVkXJLQJNKRDQQJKPSKLNLPWUDNK{QJNKtEQJqQWKPQXWURQJQLOjPYLFFyNKt&2WKuqQVOSORqYj

WWQXFyNKt&+ WKuqQVFKi\ViQJ

E.KL SKiW KLQ FyKL NKt FWL QL OjPYLFSKL uQKFK QJD\F{QJ YLF WuP QJX\rQ QKkQ Yj iSGQJ FiF SKQJ SKiS WULW QJXQSKiW VLQK JLL WR FK~QJEQJPi\QpQ NKt TXW 1X SKL OjP YLFWLFiFKVkXJLQJNKRDQQJKP Fy KL NKt F WKu F{QJ QKkQSKLF WUDQJE YjVGQJPWQ SKzQJ F EuQK WK Yj SKL FyQJLWKQJ[X\rQWKHRG}LKWU

F &y WK SKzQJ QKLP FEQJFiFKWRUDLXNLQWKXQOLWLQKjQKWKLF{QJWURQJyQJLODR QJ NK{QJ SKL WUF WLS WLS[~FYLFiFKLNKtFWRUDWURQJNK{QJNKtQLOjPYLFWFPFtFKyFQWKFKLQFiFELQSKiSVDXk\

.K{QJQJL ODRQJ WUFWLS WLS [~F YL KL NKt F WR UDWURQJ NK{QJ NKt QL OjP YLF EQJFiFKiSGQJFJLLKRiYjWQJKRiWKLF{QJ7KD\FiFFKWFQKLXEQJFiFFKWFtWKRFNK{QJF&iFK O\ FiF SKzQJ Fy TXi WUuQK NWKXWFKL

6GQJFiFWKLWEWK{QJJLyDFiFFKWFUDNKLNKXYFVQ[XWKRFJLPFK~QJGLQQJFKR SKpS EQJ FiF KuQK WKF FKSK~WWKLK~WFFEWK~WFiFFKWFWUFWLS

&Q WKLWN WK{QJJLyLXKRjNK{QJ NKt WKHR ~QJ \rX FX VGQJWKHRFiF\rXFXYDQWRjQYjWKHRFiFWLrXFKXQKLQKjQKKRFWLrXFKXQFDRKQFDQFQJRjLFFKXWODFKQ

&y WK NK NKt WURQJ SKzQJEQJ FiFK UD VjQ Yj WQJ EQJGXQJGFKR[LWPDQJDQNDOLFySKDWKrPD[LW+12YLVOQJPJO

.KL OjPYLF YL FKWFSKLV GQJ FiF GQJ F SKzQJ K FiQKkQ QKPW Q SKzQJ QJW EuQKWKNtQKJQJWD\QJFDRVXTXQiRERKODRQJ


NKL WKL F{QJ F{QJ WUuQK QJP Fy WLDSKyQJ[Jk\QKLPF

.KL WKL F{QJ &71 TXD FiF YDTXQJSKyQJ[NKtSKyQJ[WFOjWLS[~FYLWLDSKyQJ[KQJRjLYLFFKX WiFGQJFDWLDSKyQJ[QJRLFKLXQKkQYLrQF{QJWiFFzQFy WKE WiFQJQLFKLXFD WLDSKyQJ[7iFGQJQLFKLX[\UDNKLFKWSKyQJ[GLGQJKLNKtGQJUQKD\GQJEL[kPQKSYjRF WK TXD QJ K{ KS QJWLrXKRiKRFQJGD

&iF ELQ SKiS QJQ QJD FKWSKyQJ[YjRFWKEDRJPSKzQJFKQJ QKLP F FKQJ EL WK{QJWKQJ1JRjLUD\rXFXYVLQKDQWRjQNKL WKL F{QJ WLQKQJY WUt FyFiFYW OLXFyFKDFKWSKyQJ[YjFyWLDSKyQJ[

.KL WKL F{QJ WL FiF Y WUt Qj\QJRjL QKQJ WiF KL QJK QJKLSFDQJKNKDL WKiFQyLFKXQJF{QJQKkQFzQSKLFKXWiFGQJFDNKt5DRQSKyQJ[YjELSKyQJ[WQKLrQ

SKzQJQKLPFKWSKyQJ[5QYjFiFVQSKPSKkQKXFDQy ELQ SKiS FKtQK Oj WQJ FQJWK{QJJLyWKRiQJNKtWURQJF{QJWUuQKV OQ NK{QJ NKt WUDR L tW QKW OjOQWURQJJLQJGQNK{QJNKtVFKYjRQLOjPYLFFjQJQJQFjQJWW3KLPERWK{QJJLyOLrQWFYu FK FQGQJ WK{QJJLy WURQJWKL JLDQ QJQ QQJ FiF VQSKPSKkQKXFD5QWURQJNK{QJNKt V WQJ OrQ UW QKDQK 1L O\NK{QJNKtYjRSKLFiFK[DQLWKLNKttWQKWP/~FDNK{QJNKtYjRSKLOLGQJQKQJQJKPFyGLQWtFKQK&iFF{QJWUuQKQKFyWKGQJWK{QJJLyWQKLrQ&iFQJ OzKQJKRFmQJQJNKDLWKiFFQEWNtQOLEQJQJX\rQOLXNK{QJWKPNKt&iFQJGQQFWKLFQEDRFKHNtQKQFK5QW WURQJQF WKLED\ UD1QJ5QFKRSKpSWURQJNK{QJNKt Oj&XULOLW

%L WURQJPFyFKWSKyQJ[YDFKD6L2 WGR YDFyFKDFiFKWELSKyQJ[NKiFQKDX%LY\ ELQ SKiS SKzQJ QJD QKLPEL WURQJ WUQJ KS Qj\ SKL WKWQJKLrP QJW Yj WULW 7 FKFWK{QJJLyWWPFTXQiRF{QJWiF

HR NKX WUDQJ WURQJ NKL OjP YLFNK{QJ Q K~W WKXF NKL OjP YLFQFXQJSKLDWQJRjLYjRYjSKLFEWNtQ

%LQ SKiS SKzQJ EL WURQJWUQJKSQj\WQJWQKSKRQJELWK{QJWKQJSKzQJ{QKLPFKWSKyQJ[FKRQJLYjTXQiRQJRjL ELQ SKiS WK{QJ JLy Y VLQKF{QJQJKLSYjYVLQKFiQKkQFQOXOjWKHRWUuQKWF{QJQJKWKXQNKLWFDFKWSKyQJ[QJj\FjQJ WQJ GR y FjQJ Y FXL Gk\FKX\Q F{QJ QJK FjQJ FQ Fy VNLPWUDQKLP[FKWFK&iFFKWWKLSKLF[O~QJPFWUFNKL WKL UD ErQ QJRjL SKzQJ V {QKLPFKWSKyQJ[LYLNKXGkQF[XQJTXDQK

6DXFDOjPYLFF{QJQKkQSKLWKD\ TXQ iR WP UD VFK V ULPL F UD Y4XQiR F{QJ WiFSKLFWKD\JLWKjQJQJj\

&{QJ QKkQ WURQJ FiF P FyFKDFKWSKyQJ[KjQJQJj\FKXWiFGQJOLXFKLX[QJRLFKLXUWQK Yj tW Fy QJKD YQ FKtQKOj WtFK FFQJQQJDFKLX [QLFKLX

%LQ SKiS DQ WRjQ NKL WLS[~FYLQJXQEF[LQWWQVFDR

&iFKWWQKWOjKQFKWLS[~FYL VyQJ LQ W +Q FK Y WKLJLDQ WLS[~FFQJ WLS[~FYjNKRQJFiFKWLS[~F

&iF Pi\ SKiW WQ V FDR VLrXFDRYjFFFDRWXLXNLQFDTXiWUuQKF{QJQJKFyWKWWURQJJLDQQKjVQ[XWFKXQJQKQJFQFKHSKNtQGk\FKX\QF{QJQJKQj\WWQKWOjWFK~QJWURQJFiFSKzQJULrQJ ELW 'Pi\ W kX FQJQKW WKLW SKL FKS KjQK QJKLrPFKQK 1L TX\ Y VLQK NKL OjPYLFYLPi\SKiWVyQJFHQWLPpW

&iFWKLWE WQVFDRVLrXFDRYjFFFDROjQKQJWKLWELQFyLQiSFDRFQiSGQJ\FiFTX\ SKP DQ WRjQ LQ KLQ KjQK1JRjL UD FzQ FQ FkQ QKF QKQJELQSKiSDQWRjQVDX

.KLWWKLWEWQVFDRVLrXFDR Yj FF FDR WUrQ Gk\ FKX\QWURQJFQJPWJLDQVQ[XWFKXQJWKu NKRQJFiFKJLDFK~QJYjFiFWUDQJ E NKiF NK{QJ F QK KQ

P 1X W WURQJ SKzQJ ULrQJ WKuPWWKLWEF{QJVXWQKKQN:FQ Fy GLQ WtFK NK{QJ QK KQPF{QJVXW OQKQN:FQFy GLQ WtFK NK{QJ QK KQ P7URQJSKzQJW WKLWENK{QJQrQ QKQJ YW EQJ NLP ORL NK{QJFQ WKLW Yu NLP ORL SKQ [ VyQJY{ WX\Q LQ VyQJ LQ W UW WWYj FKtQKFK~QJ OL Fy WK WU WKjQKQJXQGDRQJLQWWKKDL

.tFKWKFFKOjPYLFFDFiFF{QJQKkQVQ[XWKRFQKkQYLrQSKF Y FiF WKLW E FDR WQ F[iFQKWKHRFiFLXNLQFDTXiWUuQK F{QJ QJK Yj NtFK WKF VQSKP 7X\ Y\ FKLX UQJ FK OjPYLF ErQ FQK FiF EQJ LX NKLQNK{QJFKSK

tap chi kientruc-xaydung so 03

Documents