tapestry book 1 answerkey

Reading

Virginia L. Guleff

M. E. Sokolik

Carolyn Lowther

Michael Ryall

Instructors Manual

1&2

00-045 IM Reading 1&2 pp2 5/24/00 3:16 PM Page 1

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Tapestry Reading 1 & 2 Note to Teachers 7

Syllabus Planning 7

Five-Week Syllabus 7Ten-Week Syllabus 7Fifteen-Week Syllabus 7

Using the Features of Tapestry Reading 7

Chapter Overview 8

Other Tools 9

Reading 1 & 2 Table of Contents 5

Table of Contents

Answer Keys 11

Chapter 1: College Life: Difficult Dreams 11Chapter 2: Water: Our Most Important Resource 13Chapter 3: Healthy Habits 15Chapter 4: Only One Earth 17Chapter 5: Trains, Planes, and Automobiles 19Chapter 6: A World of Fast Food 21Chapter 7: Love and Marriage 24Chapter 8: Telling Stories 27Chapter 9: Buyer Beware 30Chapter 10: Space Is the Place 33

Chapter Quizzes 35

Chapter 1: College Life: Difficult Dreams 35Chapter 2: Water: Our Most Important Resource 37

Chapter 3: Healthy Habits 39Chapter 4: Only One Earth 41Chapter 5: Trains, Planes, and Automobiles 43Chapter 6: A World of Fast Food 45Chapter 7: Love and Marriage 47Chapter 8: Telling Stories 48Chapter 9: Buyer Beware 49Chapter 10: Space Is the Place 51

Quiz Answer Keys 52

Tapestry Reading 1 & 2 Instructors Manual

Reading 1 Instructors Manual

Answer Keys 55

Chapter 1: The Cycle of Life 55Chapter 2: Jobs, Occupations, and Careers 57Chapter 3: The Spirit of Competition 59Chapter 4: Lawmakers and Lawbreakers 60Chapter 5: Beyond Science 61Chapter 6: War and Conflict 62Chapter 7: Language, Literacy, and

Bilingual Education 64Chapter 8: On the Move 65Chapter 9: Cultural Perspectives 67Chapter 10: American Lives 69

Chapter Quizzes 71

Chapter 1: The Cycle of Life 73Chapter 2: Jobs, Occupations, and Careers 75

Chapter 3: The Spirit of Competition 77Chapter 4: Lawmakers and Lawbreakers 79Chapter 5: Beyond Science 81Chapter 6: War and Conflict 83Chapter 7: Language, Literacy, and Education 85Chapter 8: On the Move 87Chapter 9: Cultural Perspectives 89Chapter 10: American Lives 91

Quiz Answer Keys 93

Reading 2 Instructors Manual

.


Reading 1& 2 Note to Teachers 7

Tapestry Reading 1 and Reading 2 are high begin-ning and intermediate reading texts for ESL/EFL stu-dents who are working toward a level of literacy thatallows them to read, write about, and discuss a vari-ety of topics. Vocabulary and writing are integratedwithin the texts, with the primary focus on improv-ing students ability to evaluate and respond criticallyto the material and to each other. In these texts, stu-dents have the opportunity to discuss topics and is-sues that are important in any language. These issuesprovide authentic reasons for students to read andbecome engaged in classroom activities.

Due to the nature of the topics, access to newspa-pers, magazines, and the Internet will help the in-structor and students provide further updates andideas to enrich the reading experience.

Syllabus PlanningHere are suggestions for putting together a syllabusbased on three different term lengths: five-week, ten-week, and fifteen-week. These suggestions are basedon the Reading 1 text. A similar schedule can be fol-lowed for the Reading 2 text.

Five-Week Syllabus

Depending on the intensity of the five-week course,the instructor may have to skip some items in thebook. Here is a suggested syllabus for a five-weekcourse, omitting some readings.

Ten-Week Syllabus

Complete one chapter each week.

Fifteen-Week Syllabus

The fifteen-week course will often use this book inaddition to one or more other books. However, if itis the only text, it is suggested that extra time betaken on the following chapters:

Chapter 1. Add time to go over use of the bookand strategies.

Chapter 2. Add time to work on journal-keepingand understanding implications in reading.

Chapter 3. Add time to locate other readingsabout medical issues and to practice skimming.

Chapter 5. Add time to locate news resources onpublic transportation issues. Have a class debateabout the topic.

Chapter 10. Add time to allow students to leadclass discussions.

Using the Features of Tapestry ReadingSeveral standard features and activities will appear inevery chapter of the texts. These include:

Title page photo with accompanying activitySetting GoalsGetting StartedGetting Ready to ReadReadAfter You ReadVocabulary BuildingLanguage Learning StrategiesAcademic Power StrategiesGrammar You Can Use/Language You Can

UseTuning In with CNN VideosPutting It All TogetherTest-Taking TipsCheck Your ProgressThreads

While they are included in every chapter, these fea-tures will not always appear in the same order. Usingdifferent sequencing allows for a comfortable, natu-ral flow from one activity to the next depending onchapter content while still providing certain recogniz-able activities to create cohesion and make studentsfeel comfortable.

The following chapter overview provides a de-tailed explanation of the purpose of each activity orfeature, guidelines for how to use the activity or fea-ture, and suggested time allowances. When consider-ing the time allowances, please remember that these

Note to Teachers

Week 1 Chapter 1: Readings 1 & 2, and the CNN videoChapter 2: Readings 1 & 3

Week 2 Chapter 3: Readings 1 & 2Chapter 4: Readings 2 & 4, and the CNN video

Week 3 Chapter 5: Readings 1 & 3Chapter 6: Readings 3 & 4, and the CNN video



.


are only suggestions and may need to be modified de-pending on the level of students and classes and thelength of the class period.

Chapter OverviewTitle page photo with accompanying activity: Thephoto and an activity, which is usually made up of abrief paragraph followed by a question, or simply aseries of questions, is the first introduction of thechapter topic and content. It serves to build schemataand to provide students with an accessible way to en-gage in the topic.

Suggested time allowance: 5 minutes

Setting Goals: Each chapter will have a clearly statedlist of objectives for students to work on. These comeimmediately after a brief introduction to the chapterand help students focus on the work to come, gearingtheir efforts towards reaching specific reading andlearning objectives. The instructor should have stu-dents read the goals out loud and perhaps discusseach goal briefly to make sure all students under-stand what they will work to achieve throughout thechapter.


Getting Started: This pre-evaluation activity is di-vided into two parts. The first part addresses studentknowledge of and comfort with the content area cov-ered in the chapter. This includes reading the titlesand authors. The second part addresses the specificreading skills that will be taught in the chapter. TheGetting Started activity may consist of true/falsestatements, values clarification, cloze exercises, ormultiple-choice items. Students should complete theactivity individually, but when they are finished theycan discuss their answers with a partner or in a smallgroup. In some chapters, students may be specificallyasked to do this as an introduction to another activ-ity. When introducing the activity, the instructorshould stress that there are no right or wrong an-swers in the activity. Rather, students are encouragedto explore their own attitudes, beliefs, concerns,strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge.


Getting Ready to Read: This feature focuses on aquestion or activity, in order to prepare students forthe reading. It typically includes some kind of discus-sion or writing question to prepare students for thetopic, as well as a Vocabulary Check for students topreview potentially difficult vocabulary items.


Read: The authentic reading may be a newspaper ormagazine article, poem, textbook or essay excerpt, orliterary excerpt. Each chapter will focus on a specifictopic and present different aspects of that topic, usu-ally from different global perspectives.

Suggested time allowance: This will varygreatly with the length of the readings. Somelonger readings may be better done as home-work.

After You Read: The post-reading activities focusfirst on comprehension of the facts of the reading.Then students are asked to think critically and re-spond to what theyve read. These questions some-times ask for personal opinion and personal experi-ence. The questions are designed for discussion, butcould be done in writing as well.

Suggested time allowance: 30 minutes of dis-cussion, or as writing homework

Vocabulary Building: Students have the opportunityto put into use some of the new or important vocab-ulary of the chapter. These activities may be multiple-choice, matching, close, or open-ended, focusing oncomprehending vocabulary items.

Suggested time allowance: 20 minutes of classtime, or as homework

Tuning In: The CNN video clip features a story re-lated to the chapter topic. The video clips will usuallybe 23 minutes in length. Since the pace of the videoclip may be fast for some students, it may be neces-sary to play the clip two or three times. The focusshould be on comprehension of the topic and theway information from the video clip relates to thereadings in the chapter.


Grammar You Can Use/Language You Can Use:These activities focus on a grammatical point or lan-guage point that is relevant to a reading or to the lan-guage of the chapter. These activities include a reviewof a grammar or language point, and an exercise thatasks the student to apply the point in context.


Putting It All Together: This culminating activityprovides an opportunity for students to apply muchof what they have learned throughout the chapter.The activity will focus on reading and other languageskills, as well as the topic of the chapter. Studentsmay be asked to respond to questions, write in theirjournals, complete dialogues, respond to languageprompts, or list ways they can apply Language

8 Reading 1 & 2 Instructors Manual


Learning Strategies and Academic Power Strategiesthey have studied in the chapter.


Check Your Progress: This final activity is a briefself-assessment. Students will re-examine the goalsstated in Setting Goals at the beginning of the chap-ter and decide how successfully they have met thesegoals by the end of the chapter.


Test-Taking Tips: There is one Test-Taking Tip ineach chapter. They offer students practical steps forimproving their test results. The tips are aimed at im-proving students testing skills in a variety of envi-ronments, such as take-home, open-book, multiple-choice, essay, and so on.


Language Learning Strategies: There are two Lan-guage Learning Strategies in each chapter. Thesestrategies give information about specific things stu-dents can do to maximize their own language learn-ing. Strategies may focus on ways to deal with read-ing speed and comprehension, memory, organization,rhetorical strategies, or other topics. Each LanguageLearning Strategy will be incorporated into a specificreading activity, with steps outlined in Apply theStrategy. These application steps will show studentshow using the strategy can help them to read andlearn more successfully. The instructor may wish tohave students read the strategy themselves and thendiscuss the application steps as part of the directionsfor the activity, or the class can go over the strategytogether, perhaps even generating additional sugges-tions for ways in which the strategy can be appliedoutside the classroom environment.


Academic Power Strategies: There is one AcademicPower Strategy in each chapter. Academic PowerStrategies provide information about specific thingsstudents can do to maximize their own success in theclassroom/academic environment. Such strategiesmay address areas such as study skills, culturally ap-propriate classroom behaviors, or time managementskills. Each strategy will immediately be applied toan activity, and students will see how to practicallyincorporate the strategy to academic activities or sit-uations by following the steps in Apply the Strategy.The instructor may wish to have students read the

strategy themselves, or the instructor can review thestrategy with the whole class, discussing the applica-tion steps as part of the activity instructions.


Threads: Threads are placed in the margins of thetext and appear in two formsquotes and facts. Fac-tual threads provide information relating to the topicof the chapter and may support information which ispresented in a general way in a listening passage,reading passage, video clip, or discussion activity.Quotes can be used to stimulate conversation, workon paraphrasing skills, or as prompts for journal en-tries. However, it is not necessary for the instructorto use Threads as part of the classroom lesson plan.

Suggested time allowance: The time will varydepending on how the thread is used. The in-structor may wish to point out facts that are rel-evant to an in-class activity. More time shouldbe allowed for discussion of quotes or to com-plete writing activities or journal entries.

Other Tools

Reading Journals

Students should be encouraged to keep reading jour-nals. In these journals they should informally re-spond to their reading. These journals should be usedfor unstructured, unedited thinking on paper. Askstudents to write one page for each reading they do.Collecting the journals from time to time will encour-age students to complete this important part of thereading process.

Vocabulary Logs

Students can keep a section of a notebook, or a sepa-rate notebook for vocabulary notes. They can use theVocabulary Check in the book in addition to otherwords that they found difficult. The entries in theirnotebooks should contain any kind of informationthat will be helpful in understanding the word. Forexample, they might include pronunciation notes,spelling difficulties, example sentences, connotations,and so forth. Students can be encouraged to sharetheir vocabulary logs with each other on a regularbasis.

Maggie SokolikCollege Writing ProgramsUniversity of California, Berkeley

Reading 1 & 2 Other Tools 9


Reading 1 Chapter 1 11

Reading 1: The Dreams of Eduardo Ortega

After You Read, pages 89

1. Eduardo Ortega is a very intelligent young manwho hopes to go to college.

2. He is nervous because he holds the envelopewith the answer from the state university as towhether he was accepted or not.

3. Because of the energy he has devoted to hard la-bor and his studies, Eduardo looks much olderthan he is.

4. As a child, Eduardo worked in the fields, pickingstrawberries and beans.

5. Eduardo studied after the workday, while histired friends drank coffee or slept.

6. Eduardo wrote an essay that won him a prizethe trip to San Francisco.

7. The envelope contained the answer from thestate university as to whether he had been ac-cepted for admission.

8. Eduardos dream is to be an airplane pilot.9. According to the passage, if Eduardo went to

college, so would his brother and sister.10. Eduardos father encouraged him by reminding

him he could do it, referring to attaining hisdream.

Tuning In: ESL School, pages 9-10

The following items should be checked:

adults reading booksadults and children reading togetherESL students talkingteachers talking

1. b. childrens books2. d. 25 years3. c. reading

Reading 2: Rules in the College Classroom

After You Read, page 15

1. Rules for the college classroom: Be prepared for class. Read your assignments

and finish your homework before class. Beready to hand in any work due. Eat, use therestroom, and unpack your books, notebooks,

and pencils before class starts. Be punctual and attend class regularly. Be courteous and considerate. Dont talk,

chew gum, or eat in class. Dont walk aroundor leave the class without asking the instruc-tor.

Know what the instructor expects of you.Make sure you understand the instructors ex-pectations, requirements, and policies at thebeginning of the semester.

Keep an organized notebook and have an or-ganized place to put all of your handouts.

2. Answers will vary.3. These rules ensure that the classroom will be or-

derly and productive and that students will learnthe most from each lesson.

4. Answers will vary.

Vocabulary Building, page 15

1. attendance = being present2. chew = bite 3. considerate = thoughtful4. distract = take ones attention from5. expect = look forward to6. expectation = hope7. policies = rules8. prepared = ready9. punctual = on time

10. regularly = constantly11. responsibilities = duties12. syllabus = class plan

Grammar You Can Use: Imperative Verbs, page 16

Some imperative verbs found in the reading:

read finish attend talkchew eat walk leaveunderstand ask make knowtell give unpack

Reading 3: Education and Income


1. Many American parents dream that their chil-dren will live better lives than they did.

ANSWER KEYS*

Chapter 1: College Life: Difficult Dreams

*In many cases, answers are suggested ones. You may interpret questions differently, or have additional or different opinions.


2. Those in the middle refers to middle classor working class people. This group is in be-tween rich and poor.

3. Incomes for poor people have fallen, while peo-ple in the middle class now work harder for thesame money.

4. Timothy Caldwell didnt believe he needed a col-lege education. He finished high school at a timewhen it was possible to get a good job without acollege education.

5. A minimum-wage job is a job that requires fewskills and pays the minimum salary allowed bylaw. Working at a fast food restaurant is an ex-ample.

6. Twenty years ago people such as Timothy Cald-well could get a well-paying job in a factory.

7. The Labor Secretary said that todays jobs re-quire the right skills and education. Success de-pends on knowledge of technology and theglobal economy.

8. In the seventies, when college-educated workerswere a dime a dozen.

9. Many high school students did not go to collegein the 1980s because they were getting outdatedadvice from teachers and administrators thatcollege doesnt pay.

10. Karen Miller learned that many school adminis-trators had no idea that there was a connectionbetween education and income.

11. Better education is believed to be the cure for thewage problems.

Vocabulary Building: Idioms, pages 2021

1. an open-and-shut case: no room for interpreta-tion or debate; decided

2. went out of business: stopped operating; closed3. on the other hand: the other side of an issue;

counterpoint4. on my side: to agree with somebody about an is-

sue5. a dime a dozen: something that is abundant and

very cheap1. I really want to go to college; on the other hand

I have to work.2. The economy is on my side; I should be able to

find a good job after college.3. The restaurant went out of business, so I lost my

job.4. Waiters are a dime a dozen, so Im sure theyll

find a new one. 5. Its an open and shut case! College pays!

12 Reading 1 Instructors Manual


Reading 1: Water Facts

Apply the Strategy, page 27

1. A toilet uses 27 gallons of water.2. A football field uses 7,140 gallons of water in a

day.3. A tree absorbs water from its root system.4. A giant saguaro cactus uses 1 gallon of water in

a day.5. An oak tree uses 88 gallons of water a day.6. The thing that uses the most water is a football

field7,140 gallons of water a day.7. Freshwater fish use the least water a day. Water

enters their bodies through their skin and gills,and most of it is pumped back out.


1. Answers will vary.2. Answers will vary.3. Humans get water from drinking and eating.4. Answers will vary.5. Answers will vary.

Grammar You Can Use: How Much and How Many, page 29


1. A cactus plant does not use much water.2. A towel absorbs a lot of water.3. Water enters fish through their gills.4. One cycle in a dishwasher is enough to get dishes

clean.5. Trees get water through their roots.

Reading 2: How Safe is Your Water?


1. Molly Arnold doesnt drink her tap water be-cause there is twice as much lead in it as thereshould be.

2. You shouldnt drink water with lead in it be-cause it might damage your health.

3. Americans spent over two billion dollars on bot-tled water and 450 million dollars on hometreatment systems.

4. Most Americansabout halfget their waterfrom lakes and rivers.

5. The three categories of water pollution are: chemicals from farming and factories lead germs and bacteria

6. Twelve million Americans drink water that is notfiltered.

7. The U.S. government does not monitor waterquality. Water quality is considered a local issue.

8. Water officials are difficult to talk to becausethey use water statistics that most people do notunderstand.

9. Even though his water tested clean, Mr. Scar-petta, who lives near a garbage dump, wants tobe safe, so he buys bottled water.

10. Americans drink 2.43 billion gallons of bottledwater.

11. Artesian water comes from underground water,which may be less polluted and therefore safer.

12. Water that is purified has been specially treated. 13. If you are worried about your water, you should

have it tested.

Vocabulary Building, pages 3435


Chapter 2: Water: Our Most Important Resource

quart = count field = count gallon = count dew = non-noun noun noun count noun

water = non- cactus = count skin = non-count tree = count count noun noun noun noun Things you Things related Words that Things that

might find in to plumbing refer to are dirtya laboratory people

chemicals lead the public garbage dump

filter wells statistics raw sewage

bacteria pipes officials

samples filter

lead tap


Tuning In: Water and Cancer, pages 3536

Three places to get drinking water are shown in the video: water fountain, tap (sink), and a soda machine.

1. more than 90%2. bladder and rectal cancers3. No. The benefits outweigh the threat.4. A charcoal filter can make tap water safer.

Reading 3: Waste Not, Want Not


1. California officials needed to find a new sourceof water because of a drought.

2. Water reclamation is the purification of sewerwater for other uses.

3. Because reclaimed water comes from sewers,many people find it unpleasant.

4. Government reclamation water programs startedin the 1960s in Colorado Springs.

5. Some people are afraid that wastewater couldcarry diseases.

6. ReW is used for watering grass at golf courses,parks, lawns, and baseball fields. Agriculturaluses are also implied.

7. Golf courses require a lot of water to stay green.8. People in Florida will use ReW to water their

lawns.9. ReW is important because it is cheap and re-

duces demand for potable water.10. Answers will vary

Putting It All Together, page 40

1. d2. c3. a4. b



Reading 1: Running with Asthma


1. Jackie Joyner-Kersee is an American Olympicathlete.

2. Her sport in the Olympics is track and field.3. Asthma is a medical condition that makes it dif-

ficult to breathe.4. She has had asthma for many years.5. She finds running with asthma difficult, but

treatment helps.6. Asthma is treated with drugs and medical treat-

ment.7. You should see a physician.8. Asthma drugs protect the lungs.9. if you wake up with breathing difficulty



Reading 2: Home Remedies

Getting Ready to Read, page 47

1. colds2. insomnia3. nausea4. itchy Skin5. headaches


1. Truedrinking hot liquids, especially hot chickensoup, helps fight colds.

2. Falseonly a hot bath helps insomnia.3. Trueginger tea helps if you feel sick to your

stomach.4. Falsenothing is mentioned about ginger tea

helping headaches.5. Truean oatmeal bath can make itchy skin feel

better.6. Falseacupressure helps cure headaches, not in-

somnia.7. Falseyou should always ask a doctor if you are

unsure about a home remedy, as some dontwork and can even be dangerous.

8. Trueusing pressure can help with a headache.9. Falsealthough baking soda and oatmeal are

good for skin injuries, butter can actually makea burn worse.


1. A word for the problem of not being able tosleep is insomnia. (d)

2. Baking soda is good for bee stings. (b)3. Taking a lukewarm bath helps your skin, but not

your insomnia. (c)4. One symptom of motion sickness is nausea. (a)5. When you mix water and baking soda, you get a

paste. (b)6. If your skin is itchy, you can take an oatmeal

bath. (d)7. Home remedies are not always effective, safe,

and dangerous. (d)

Grammar You Can Use: Giving Advice Using Should, page 51

1. You should take a hot bath 1 1/2 hours beforebedtime.

2. You should soak in an oatmeal bath.3. You should drink hot liquids, especially chicken

soup.

Reading 3: Caffeine


1. Four sources of caffeine are coffee beans, tealeaves, cocoa beans, and cola nuts.


Chapter 3: Healthy Habits

Olympic Athlete Asthma

gold medal attack

participate condition

stadium lungs

festival severe

tough tough

panic

side effects

wheezing


2. Caffeine is not completely safe because it is ahabit-forming, mild stimulant that, like otherdrugs, can change the way people think, feel,and behave.

3. People enjoy the energy boost and alertness caf-feine gives them. They feel it helps them thinkmore clearly and work more quickly.

4. Caffeine can cause insomnia, headaches, andnausea.

5. Caffeine is habit-forming, and therefore it canbecome difficult for people to stop taking it oncethey start.

6. A cup of brewed coffee contains the most caf-feine.

7. Chocolate milk contains the least caffeine.8. Some pain relievers contain 3265 mg of caf-

feineas much as a can of soda!9. Answers will vary.



1. Caffeine is a mild stimulant that speeds up yourbody.

2. Coffee isnt as addictive as other drugs, but itcan be habit-forming.

3. Asha felt on edge after she had three cups of cof-fee.

4. Brewed coffee has more caffeine than instantdoes.

5. Many people like caffeine because it makes themfeel alertit really gives them a boost.

6. Without sugar, coffee tastes bitter.7. Although coffee smells good, caffeine is odorless.

Tuning In: Stress Depression, pages 5657

Jobs in the video include: word processing, data en-try, file clerk, receptionist, and doctor, as well as oth-ers that are open to interpretation.

1. low control and high demand2. People become hostile, depressed, and anxious.3. Men become hostile when they experience stress.4. The advice given includes the following: know

that you are under stress, look for signs of stress,increase your supports, make time for yourself,get exercise, and take breaks.



Reading 1: Give a Man a Fish


1. The first part of the old saying means that ifyou give a man a fish, he only has enough to eatthat day. However, if you give him the tools andthe skills to catch the fish himself, he will be ableto eat for the rest of his life.

2. The saying, if taken literally, may no longer betrue because of the diminishing population offish due to overfishingthere may no longer beenough fish to eat.

3. Fishing with lights is a better way to catch fish,so Philippine fishermen use them.

4. The fish market in the Philippines closes earlierthan it used to, and the selection containssmaller fish and more undesirable types of fish.

5. The Grand Banks are an area of New England(United States) and Canada.

6. Statistics hide overfishing facts by reportingmisleading information such as the worlds sup-ply of fish is actually growing. However, they donot state the type of fish that are increasing insupply.

7. Overfishing is spreading because of the numberof people fishing, governments paying people tofish, and better technology.

8. When too many fish are caught too quickly, theyhave to be frozen, and frozen fish are not worthas much money.

9. Overfishing is the fault of too many fishermen, aswell as the governments that encourage fishing.

10. The European Union is fishing in Africa becausethere are too many fishermen in Europe.

11. European Union boats sold to South America re-sulted in overfishing in Argentina.

12. Technology makes fishing easier with the use ofcomputers, satellites, and better engines in boats.

Reading 2: A Trappers Life


1. Trapping is the practice of catching and killinganimals with traps.

2. There are fewer people trapping now than therewere several years ago. Trapping is no longer agood way to make a living because the demandfor fur is gone.

3. Mr. Martin traps mink, raccoon, fox, beaver,and gopher, as well as small animals and nui-sance animals.

4. Drawbacks of being a trapper include criticismfrom people who view his work as cruel, and thelong hours with almost no time off that the jobdemands of him.

5. Nuisance animals are animals that interfere withhumans, either by destroying crops or dammingwaterways. Examples are gophers and beavers.

6. Mr. Martin traps beavers for the Department ofNatural Resources because beavers dam water-ways and flood private land.

7. During trapping season, Mr. Martins day beginsbefore sunrise and lasts until after dark. Hespends his evenings skinning animals andpreparing for the next days work.

8. Mr. Martin disagrees with anti-trapping groupsbecause he feels his profession prevents animalsfrom overpopulating and starving.



1. raccoon2. rabbit3. beaver4. gopher5. mink

Reading 3: Going, Going, Gone


1. The main idea of this reading is to make thereader aware of the problem of disappearing an-imal species.

2. Extinction is when a species of animal disap-pears from Earth.

3. The Endangered Species Act is a set of laws de-signed to protect endangered species by preserv-ing delicate land and old growth forests fromdevelopment.


1. One half of one percent of the living things in atropical rain forest becomes extinct each year.

2. The Endangered Species Act is a set of laws de-signed to protect endangered species by preserv-ing delicate land and old growth forests fromdevelopment.


Chapter 4: Only One Earth


3. Because 740 different living things are currentlylisted as either threatened or endangered, withanother 400 waiting to be added to that list, en-vironmentalists are working to strengthen theAct.

4. Loggers and farmers want to weaken the Act be-cause they believe it is not working and is unfairto private landowners.

5. Loggers do not want to protect spotted owls be-cause the owls interfere with logging jobs, whilefarmers are against protecting wolves becausethe wolves attack their livestock.

6. Environmentalists are trying to appeal to busi-nesses by promoting the benefits of studying un-known plants. Trees and plants have given usmany products, including drugs, rubber, andfood.

7. The cure for AIDS or cancer could very well ex-ist in the rain forest.



1. at risk = j. endangered2. no longer living = d. extinct3. related to the tropics = f. tropical4. lumberjacks = b. loggers5. mindful = h. aware6. requests = e. appeals7. riches = c. treasures8. stupidity = i. ignorance9. be in the way = g. interfere

10. tender = a. delicate

Tuning In: Garbage School, page 74

Items seen in the video:students playing instruments garbagestudents at computers a thermostatgarbage trucks pipes1. Pattonville High School2. Maryland Heights, Missouri3. about one mile away4. The gases from the landfill provide heat to the

high school.5. the schools Ecology Club

Reading 4: Down in the Dumps


1. Hiriya is near Tel Aviv, Israel.2. The garbage dump in Hiriya covers nearly 405

hectaresa six-meter high pyramid with a basenearly one hundred hectares and thirty hectareson top.

3. The garbage dump in Hiriya opened in 1951. Itis about fifty years old.

4. Some workers believe you can make a living forthe rest of your life at the dump, recycling boxesand selling aluminum.

5. Another worker finds the work less rewarding,saying that for every good (honey) day he has,there are at least three bad (onion) days.

6. The biggest garbage dumps in the world are inthe United States and Europe.

7. Increasing population and the amount of goodsbeing used by the Israeli people contribute to thegrowth of the dump.

8. The dump, surrounded by trees and vegetablefields, resembles a large hill, so drivers probablydont even notice it.

9. The plan for the dump at Hiriya is to replace itwith a modern landfill, then turn it into a park.

10. Because of the sheer size and mass of the dump,it is unrealistic that it could ever be moved.

11. The new dump will be completely covered andsealed at the bottom, and the liquids will betaken out and the gases will be collected.



1. Some workers think the Hiriya dump is a bless-ing. They collect aluminum to sell.

2. The trucks bring in many loads of garbage everyday, and the tractors spread the garbage out.

3. A dirt wall surrounds the Hiriya garbage dump.The garbage reaches a depth of three meters.

4. They need to drill holes to release some of thegases in the garbage.

5. The garbage is piled up into a pyramid.6. The Hiriya dump is not sealed at the bottom, but

the new dump will be.7. The birds have a feast on the food they find at

the dump.



Reading 1: Free Bikes Programs


1. The San Francisco bike program will start withabout forty bicycles.

2. The mayor supports the free bike program be-cause he wants to improve the terrible trafficproblems in the city.

3. Amsterdam had the first free bike program, overforty years ago.

4. Fresnos Yellow Bike Program has about fortybicycles.

5. The Yellow Bike Program allows people to takea yellow bike, ride to work or shopping areas,and then leave the bike for the next rider.

6. The disadvantages of the free bike program inSan Francisco include the hills, traffic, and coldweather in the winter.

7. Sylvia Pass thinks the program is a good idea be-cause even if only one hundred people use itevery day, there are that many fewer cars on thestreet and more parking spaces that arent used.


Reading 2: The Fast Track


1. American high-speed train: 125 miles per hour2. Automobile: 70 miles per hour3. Bicycle: 530 miles per hour4. Japanese high speed train: 200 miles per hour5. Jet airplane: 500 miles per hour6. Military airplane: 2000 miles per hour7. Person running: 38 miles per hour8. Regular train: 2565 miles per hour


1. A shinkansen is a Japanese bullet train.2. The shinkansen goes over one hundred miles per

hour, and sometimes as fast as two hundredmiles per hour.

3. Shinkansen means new track.4. Japanese trains are clean, comfortable, and usu-

ally on time.5. American trains are just the opposite of Japanese

trains. Riders complain the cars are dirty, theservice is bad, and the trains are often late.

6. Some people argue that the larger distance be-tween people in the United States results in the

difference between American and Japanesetrains. Americans prefer cars and traveling byroad.

7. The Acela is a service the American train system,Amtrak, plans to introduce.

8. The Acela service will be available along the EastCoast of the United States.

9. Other areas that could get high-speed rail serviceare California, the Midwest, the Pacific North-west, the Southeast, and the Gulf Coast.

10. The Acela is faster than regular trains. It will re-duce travel time from New York to Boston byone and a half hours.

11. American trains will go 125 miles per hour.American safety regulations prohibit the trainsfrom traveling as fast as Japanese trains.



1. benches2. governor3. race4. miles per hour5. platform6. station7. straighter8. passengers9. tracks

10. force11. prevent12. service

Reading 3: Electric Cars


1. The first electric car was made in the 1840s, butit didnt work well.

2. People are interested in electric cars today be-cause of increasing air pollution.

3. CARB, which stands for California Air Re-sources Board, made the rule that the seven ma-jor automobile producers would have to beginmaking emission-free cars.

4. The EV1 is the first commercially available elec-tric car. It runs on a heavy, T-shaped battery.

5. The EV1 is designed and sold by General Motors.6. The car will go about seventy miles before it

needs to be recharged.7. The car uses electricity for power.


Chapter 5: Trains, Planes, and Automobiles


8. It takes about three hours to recharge the battery.9. The advantages of the EV1 it doesnt use gaso-

line and therefore does not pollute the air. Somepeople think it will be perfect for commutingand short trips.

10. Because the EV1 must be recharged every sev-enty miles with a special recharging unit, the dis-advantages of it is that it cannot be used for longtrips without long breaks to recharge.

11. Answers will vary.12. Answers will vary.


1. a storage cell = H. a battery2. a gain = F. a profit3. well-liked = A. popular4. to give energy again = B. to recharge5. gases = J. emissions6. a person who starts a company or organization =

K. a founder7. relating to money = D. financial8. a plan = G. a design9. ten years = C. a decade

10. form of transportation = E. vehicle11. to travel back and forth = I. to commute

Tuning In : Subway Etiquette, page 95

25 lines468 stationsmore than 700 miles of track1 billion passengers per year

1. to teach New Yorkers manners and make travelon the subway less hectic

2. They are courteous to riders and ask them tostep aside to let passengers out.

3. to keep people from blocking the doors of thesubway

4. Yes. They are optimistic and think people aregenerally nice.

Reading 4: The Wrights Were Right


1. The Wright brothers invented the first successfulself-propelled airplane.

2. Wilbur, the older brother, was born in Millville,Indiana. Orville Wright was born in Dayton,Ohio.

3. The Wright brothers published a newspaper to-gether and then went into the bicycle businessbefore working on the invention that made themfamous, the airplane.

4. Before they made the airplane, they experi-mented with gliders.

5. The engine was too heavy and prevented the air-plane from flying. They needed an engine thatwas both powerful and lightweight.

6. They flew an airplane for the first time in KittyHawk, North Carolina.

7. Orville successfully flew the airplane for the firsttime.

Language Learning Strategy, page 98

1867: Wilbur born1871: Orville born1880s: The brothers published a newspaper.1890s: They became interested in bicycles.1896: They heard about European inventors experi-menting with flight.1903: Wright brothers invented the airplane.1909: They built a two-person plane.



Reading 1: Fast Food Invasion


1. Fast food restaurants, such as McDonalds,Burger King, Subway, Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC), Pizza Hut, and The Countrys Best Yo-gurt (TCBY) have opened in Jamaica.

2. Jamaicans spend millions of dollars in fast foodrestaurants.

3. A patty is a Jamaican fast food meal. It is ameat-filled pie.

4. Because small, local restaurants do not have themoney to advertise like the big American chains,they are having trouble.

5. Tastees is trying to compete with American fast-food restaurants by adding more variety to itsmenu.

6. Because Jamaicans have difficult work sched-ules, fast food is popular.

7. TCBY sells yogurt as well as low-fat ice cream.8. Fast food restaurants are doing everything they

can to make their customers happy, and there-fore their success will probably last a long time.


Tuning In : Fast Food, pages 105106

1. Answers will vary.2. Answers will vary.

1. June Cleaver was the mother in a TV show fromthe 1960s.

2. She is mentioned in the video because she isthought of as the perfect mother and homemakerand she always had time to prepare meals.

3. The willingness to plan is missing from todayskitchen because people dont have enough time.


Apply the Strategy, pages 107108

1. Answers will vary.2. The two items with the most grams of fat are the

CROSSANWICH with Sausage, Egg & Cheese(41 grams) and the DOUBLE WHOPPER withcheese sandwich (67 grams of fat).

3. TCBY offers the healthiest food, with little or nofat in its dishes.

4. Burger King has the least healthy foodwith thehighest fat and percent of calories from fat. Also,no salad is mentioned.

5. No, fish is not a better choice than a hamburgerat McDonalds, because the fish contains morecalories from fat, and three times as much fat asthe hamburger.

8. By eating foods low in fat and in moderation, itis possible to eat healthy food from these menus.The best choices are TCBYs yogurts, a slice ofPizza Huts pizza (Veggie Lovers being the best),or a garden salad at McDonalds.

Reading 2: Old McDonalds


1. The first McDonalds sold only hamburgers andFrench fries.

2. The first McDonalds was built in Downey, Cali-fornia in 1953.

3. Some people consider the first McDonalds a cul-tural symbol that should be preserved. Manypeople have fond memories of it.

4. McDonalds Corporation claims it was losingmoney there because there was no room for adrive-thru window or indoor seating. Then thebuilding was damaged beyond repair during anearthquake.

5. Some citizens of Downey believe McDonaldswants to change history by giving Ray Kroccredit for inventing McDonalds. These peopleare convinced the company is trying to removethe true founders, Dick and Mac McDonald,from history.


Chapter 6: A World of Fast Food

Money Spent on Eating Out Why We Dine Out

year 1955 %25 %47 reason no time to cook

year 1985 %40.6

year 1995 %44

Food Experts in the Video

name job

1. Marion Burrows food writer for the New York Times

2. Jane Kirby editor of the Eating Well MagazineRush Hour Cookbook


6. The name McDonalds came from the founders,Dick and Mac McDonald.

7. Ray Kroc learned the fast food business from theMcDonald brothers and bought McDonaldsfrom them.

8. Answers will vary.9. The restaurant is currently empty and boarded

up.10. Answers will vary.


1. When a building is badly damaged in an earth-quake, it should be repaired.

2. A group of historians think the first McDonaldsis a landmark.

3. They want it put on the National Historic regis-ter.

4. Many residents of Downey think McDonalds isgiving them an excuse.

5. McDonalds denies that they are trying torewrite history.

6. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonalds.7. Many people think the old McDonalds is a cul-

tural symbol.8. Many teenagers had their first dates at McDon-

alds.9. McDonalds has abandoned the old building.

10. There are boards on the windows.

Reading 3: Food from Your Computer


1. Food.com is a new company that lets people or-der lunch and dinner from their computers.

2. About 12,000 restaurants have signed up for theservice.

3. Anyone with an Internet account can use theservice.

4. The Food.com system works by the followingsteps: The customer types in his or her street address

and phone number. Food.com shows the take-out restaurants in

the area. The customer looks over the menus and de-

cides what to eat. The customer e-mails an order to Food.com. The computers at Food.com convert the e-

mail message into a phone order. A restaurant worker confirms the order and

tells how long it will take.

Food.com tells the customer by e-mail whenthe food will arrive.

Finally, the restaurant or delivery servicebrings the food.

5. It takes about seven minutes to place an orderwith Food.com.

6. Answers will vary.7. Some customers like the system because they can

easily view the menu and place an order withoutbeing put on hold or having the menu read tothem over the phone. It is also nice for peoplewho do not like talking on the phone.

8. Food.com makes money by charging $400 toput a restaurants menu online, then $50 amonth to keep the menu on its website. Theyalso keep 5 percent of every order placed overthe computer.

9. The only equipment a restaurant needs to be apart of Food.com is a telephone.

10. Because of the increasing popularity of havingfood delivered in America, this may become avery successful way of ordering food.


Grammar You Can Use, page 114

Example Answer: First, go to the Food.com web site.Second, type in your name and address. Next, choosea restaurant, read the menu, and choose the food.Then, send an e-mail message with your order, andwait for an e-mail message to tell you the food iscoming. Finally, eat the food!



Words related to computers Words related to restaurants

accounts restaurant

consumer confirm

e-mail consumer

equipment delivery

internet equipment

online order

takeout


Reading 4: Fast Food with a Difference


1. Komalas is an Indian vegetarian fast foodrestaurant.

2. Komalas is in Singapore.3. Skyscrapers, modern shopping malls, and office

buildings surround the street Komalas is locatedon. The neighborhood itself looks like a SouthIndian bazaar, with Indian shops and Thosaicafs that serve food on banana leaves.

4. Komalas looks like an American fast foodrestaurant, with plastic chairs and tables that arebolted to the ground, and a childrens play-ground.

5. Komalas offers vegetarian Indian food.6. Komalas is compared to American fast food

restaurants because of the similar appearanceand basic theory behind the operation.

7. Komalas is different from American fast foodrestaurants because it has a much larger varietyof food, and only serves vegetarian Indian food.

8. Komalas is becoming as popular as McDon-alds, and may open in India, Australia, andMalaysia.

9. Komalas serves such a wide variety of Indianfood that when people eat at Komalas, they feellike a part of the international community.



Putting It All Together

1 O 2 A 3 D

4 F R E N C 5 H F R I E S

6 A D A C L

7 T E A M H I

R B E V

U S E

8 D I 9 N E R S R

E G Y

10 T A K E O U T

T R

11 S A L A D


A. chutney 2. relish of fruit and/or spices

B. a skyscraper 5. a very tall building

C. a token 7. a coin

D. a temple 6. a house of worship

E. clean 8. neat

F. a playground 4. a place where children have fun

G. vegetarian 9. no meat

H. curry 3. a spicy Indian dish

I. a bazaar 1. a marketplace


Reading 1: Brides for Sale?



1. These might include doing dishes, making thebeds, and taking out the garbage: chores

2. This is another name for cows: cattle3. This means one person: individual4. The couple in a wedding are the bride and

groom.5. Something that is valuable is an asset6. This is another name for tradition: custom7. Many parents think their sons and daughters

should have these: rights8. An argument is another name for this: debate9. If you have strong positive feelings about your

country and your traditions, you have this: pride10. If your friends give you lots of gifts, they show

their: generosity

Grammar You Can Use: Adjectives and Adverbs,page 127

1. She did good on her test. She did well on hertest.

2. He ran fastly to the store. He ran fast or quicklyto the store.

3. She has two blacks shoes. She has two blackshoes.

4. She treated me friendly. She treated me well ornicely.

5. He works very careful. He works very carefully.

Reading 2: A New Dowry Item: The Computer


1. A dowry consists of money or other valuablesbrought to a marriage by a woman.

2. Min Huang is a banker in a small city in China.3. Min Huangs dowry included traditional items,

like furniture and dishes as well as a computer.4. She wanted a computer for her dowry.5. Min Huang hopes to improve her professional

skills with the computer, as well as broaden herhorizons with the Internet.

6. Her parents gave Min Huang the computer be-cause they want her to be a success in the mod-ern world, and they believe a computer is a partof that world.

7. The grooms parents, according to Chinese tradi-tion, are responsible for housing.

8. The brides parents are responsible for the dailynecessities.

9. Past dowries were comprised of grain, clothing,farm animals, and equipment.

10. Modern dowries sometimes include VCRs, ster-eos, and computers.

11. Min is thankful to have such generous and intel-ligent parents.


Reading 3: Songs of Love on Crete


1. Crete is an island in the Mediterranean.2. A mantinade is a colorful poem made up of two

lines and exactly thirty syllablesan importantpart of Cretan folklore.


Chapter 7: Love and Marriage

Arguments For Arguments Against

1. shows that families are coming together

2. Lobola is a form of generosity in African culture.

3. The tradition of lobola was a matter of pride.

1. Lobola has become commer-cialized.

2. Families make a lot of demands on the groom.

3. Lobola is outdatedthere is no need to compensatefamilies for the loss of adaughter today because maleand female children are equal.

4. The man is buying the right tocontrol a woman.

5. Paying lobola makes it seemlike a man is buying a pair ofshoes, instead of getting married.

6. It is often a financial burdenfor couples.


3. Mantinades are passed down orally from onegeneration to the next.

4. Mantinades probably began as love songs in the1400s. Lovers might have used them to sendmessages about secret meeting places.

5. These poems are about romantic love, hardship,and pride.

6. At weddings, mantinades are used in friendlycontests, where two groups compete againsteach other to sing mantinades about a particulartheme. One member sings a mantinade, and thenthe next group must sing a new verse, repeatingthe last seven syllables. This goes back and forthuntil the losing team runs out of mantinades.

7. Mantinades express feelings about various mar-riage customs, such as the dowry, while othersexpress the unhappiness of young women mar-ried off to older men.

8. Mantinades are now appearing in political adsand on souvenirs such as ashtrays and calendars.

9. Cretans are not worried about the future ofmantinades because the verses sung at weddingscome from the rich memory of the people ofCrete; old and young alike share a love for po-etry and for Cretan history.



A mantinade is a song or verse sung on the island ofCrete. It has exactly 30 syllables. It is part of the oraltradition of Crete. At wedding receptions, the manti-nades are sung to praise the character of the brideand groom. They show the goodwill of the guests.Often, there is a contest and the guests sing manti-nades back and forth until one side wins. Mantinadeshave many themes. Some express the hardship of life,but most are happy songs. Mantinades are an impor-tant part of Cretan culture.

Tuning In : Marriage & Family Therapists, pages 133134

1. Therapy helped Nancy Leving by teaching herfamily to turn around negative feelings.

2. Not all mental health professionals like marriageand family therapists, because they may misspeople who have serious problems or may un-knowingly aggravate serious problems. Marriageand family therapists do not have the same train-ing requirementsas other therapists, and somemental illnesses may require medical interven-tion that they are not trained in.

3. There are about 50,000 marriage and familytherapists in the United States.

4. The cost is about $80 per session.

Reading 4: The Magic in Marriage


1. Over the centuries, many Jewish wedding tradi-tions have been adopted from the customs ofpeople in countries where Jewish people havelived.

2. A demon is an evil, usually supernatural, beingthat often torments its victims.

3. Many wedding traditions began as protectionfor the bride and groom from angry and enviousdemons and evil spirits.

4. The bride traditionally wears a veil to protecther from the evil eye of the spirits anddemons.

5. Since fire and light are believed to scare demons,candles and lamps are often included at Jewishweddings.

6. A bridal canopy, or chuppah, is spread above thecouple during the wedding to protect them fromattacks by demons.

7. Smashing glass represents the magical practice ofdestroying the powers of demons or anyone elsewho doesnt wish the couple well. This is why aglass (or light bulb) is often smashed at the endof a Jewish wedding.

8. The saying at the end of the passage, Oneshould not believe in superstitions, but it is goodto be careful of them, means that even thoughyou should not believe in superstitions, there isno harm in exercising caution to protect yourselffrom them.



Satisfied 95%

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Things you might Words related to Words related to see at a wedding feelings at weddings superstition

candles envy ancient

envy magical candles

lamps scared demons

smashing glass evil spirits

torches lamps

veil magical

medieval

scared

smashing glass

torches

veil


Reading1: Myths and Mythology


1. A myth is generally defined as a complicated cul-tural story that describes the beginnings andother basic parts of a culture.

2. Mythology is the study and explanation ofmythsthe study of the similarities and differ-ences between myths of different cultures, forexample.

3. Researchers in many fields study mythology.Some study the myths themselves, with informa-tion from history, archaeology, anthropologyand other disciplines. Others use myths to studyideas in their fields. Psychology is an example.

4. Myths are more serious and supernatural thanfairy tales. Their purpose is not only to entertainpeople, but also to teach them about the founda-tion of a culture.

5. Some themes of myths include the worlds begin-ning, the worlds end, how people and animalswere created, and how certain customs werestarted.

6. In Greek mythology, Promethieus was a culturalhero who stole fire from the gods.

7. Many people are interested in mythology be-cause it helps us understand culture and historythroughout the world. Even though myths arestories from before ancient times, people in mod-ern times are very curious about these stories,too. They are interested in what myths can teachus today.


1. battle fight meeting combat2. complicated different complex tangled3. blame condemn warn criticize4. disorder field area discipline5. entertain bore amuse delight6. foundation base structure ground-

work7. believer thinker philosopher theorist8. reason logic thought common

sense9. religion faith belief history

10. supernatural mythical white ghostly11. urban city civic rural

Reading 2: Awasassi: An Ojibwe Folktale


1. According to Ojibwe folktale, Nanaboozhou ishalf spirit and half human.

2. He decided to make the fish to help the GreatSpirit.

3. Nanaboozhou pounded raw copper into flat,round scales and polished them with fine sandfrom the beach.

4. He supposedly made all the fish, but his last,Awasassi, the bullhead, was his masterpiece.

5. Copper is a type of metal.6. The myth takes place in the area around the Ke-

weenaw Peninsula in Michigan.7. The theme of this myth is how animals were

created.


1. The Pacific Ocean is one of these: a body of water

2. These are found on a fishs skin: scales3. This is a type of metal: copper4. This is a type of bird: crane5. A painting by Van Gogh or Picasso might be

called this: a masterpiece6. Another word for changed is: transformed7. A being that is not human or animal might be

this: spirit8. You can use a hammer to do this: pound9. When you do this to something, you make it

shiny: polish

Tuning In: Totem Poles, pages 148159


Chapter 8: Telling Stories

Stanley Museum of A Short Distance Park Anthropology from the Museum

tourists wooden building sweat lodge

photographers jewelry fire

cedar totems woods

The Raven and the First Men


1. The four functions of totem poles are: 1) houseposts (support for houses), 2) posts in front ofhouses to identify families, 3) memorial polesthat held human remains, and 4) poles raised tohonor dead chiefs.

2. The story of The Raven and the First Men isthe story of a raven walking on a beach who en-counters a clam shell. The raven opens the shelland finds little people inside. This is where theHaida people believe they originated.

3. The sweat lodge is a sacred cleansing ceremonyfor the soul and the body.

Reading 3: A Japanese Myth: The Crane


1. The young man found the crane caught in asnare while he was walking through the moun-tains.

2. He released her from the snare.3. The woman came to the mans house because

she had lost her way in the mountains.4. She wove him a thick roll of fine brocade.5. He could not watch her weave because she was

really the crane, and she wove with her feathers.6. She left him after he discovered she was a crane.

Once he knew she was a crane, she had to leavehim.

7. Answers will vary.8. This story is more like a fairy tale than a myth.

None of the themes associated with myths, suchas the creation of the world, people or animals,is present. It seems more like a traditional fairytale.


A crane was caught in a snare. A young man releasedher. Later, a woman appeared at his door at mid-night. She said she had lost her way. He was shockedto see her there. She wanted to show her gratitude.So, she wove him a thick roll of brocade.

She never let him watch her weaving. But, onenight he saw her. He discovered she was a cranewearing a mask. She slipped away and left him forever.

Grammar You Can Use: Participles, pages 151152

1. (bore) I almost fell asleep in the movie because Iwas bored.

2. (shock) The young man was shocked when hesaw the crane.

3. (entertain) The movie was very entertaining.4. (complicate) The story of the Greek myth is very

complicated.5. (transform) After hearing the story, he was a

transformed man.6. (polish) The polished stone was beautiful.

Yes. Although unlikely, it is possible that theyoung man was shocking at the time he saw thecrane. It is also possible the person in question 1 wasso boring that he or she almost fell asleep at themovie. Also, a polishing stone is a stone used topolish other things, so both forms are possible.

Reading 4: Nigerian Myth: Obatala Visits Shango


1. Obatala wanted to visit his son Shango in an-other town.

2. Obatala learned the lesson of humility.3. Ellegua spilled red oil on Obatalas robes, stole

his eyes, and gave them to Oshun.4. Oshun said she would return Obatalas eyes if he

taught her divination.5. Obatala was arrested because soldiers thought

he was a horse thief.6. He had become humbled by his experience.7. No, he had to learn it on his journey.8. Answers will vary.

Reading 5: Orpheus and Eurydice


1. Thrace is found in the northeast part of the mapon page 155.

2. A Muse is any one of the nine daughters of Zeus,each of whom presided over a different art orscience.

3. Sirens are a group of sea nymphs, or female spir-its, whose beautiful singing lured mariners to de-struction.

4. The Furies are any of the avenging deities inGreek mythology who torment criminals and in-flict plagues.

5. A lyre is a musical instrument with strings, like asmall guitar.


1. Orpheus is a poet and musician who almost res-cued his wife Eurydice from the Underworld bycharming Hades with his lyre.



2. Eurydice is the wife of Orpheus.3. Hades is the god of the Underworld.4. Eurydice died after being bitten by a snake.5. Orpheus went to the Underworld to bring Eury-

dice back to the land of the living.6. Hades was pleased that Orpheus was able to

melt the hearts of all the residents of the darkUnderworld, and so allowed him to take Eury-dice back.

7. Hades made a rule that Orpheus could not turnaround and look back at Eurydice until theywere in the land of the living.

8. Orpheus began to doubt the honesty of Hades,so he broke the rule and turned to see if Eurydicewas indeed following him.

9. When Orpheus looked back, Eurydice vanishedforever. Crushed by the loss of his wife, Orpheusdied shortly thereafter.



Some example answers . . .1. If someone is beloved, that person is dearly

loved, or dear to the heart.2. You feel crushed if you do poorly on a test.3. It is dishonest to steal things from a supermarket

or lie to your friends.4. The tranquility was drowned out by the noise.5. My friend has a bad reputation because he can

be dishonest. 6. Its hard to tame a lion (or other ferocious ani-

mal).



Reading 1: Shopping in Little Saigon, Texas


1. The city of Saigon (now called Ho Chi MinhCity) is located in South Vietnam. This is impliedby the sentence: You dont have to be Viet-namese to enjoy the mall, of course.

2. The Little Saigon Mall is located in Haltom City,near Dallas, in the state of Texas.

3. The mall comprises a large grocery store offeringAsian specialties and other foods, a Vietnameserestaurant, a hair salon, a video and gift shop, ajewelry store, a loan company, and a coffeeshop.

4. The businesses at the mall are doing very well.One thousand customers eat lunch or dinnereach day at the malls Vietnamese restaurant,and the malls parking lot is nearly full.

5. According to estimates from the regional census,there are more than 48,000 Asian and Pacific-Is-landers living in the county where the mall is lo-cated.

6. Mr. Dang would like to see a clothing store,travel agency, doctors office, or real estate officemove into the mall.

7. Although the mall has a distinctive Asian flavor,all kinds of people from the Dallas area shopthere.



1. Name two adjectives related to Asian countries:Laotian and Vietnamese.

2. This word means empty: vacant3. Name five kinds of businesses that might be

found in a mall: hair salon, jewelry store, loancompany, real estate and travel agency.

4. This is an official count of a population: census.5. The grocery store sells these: Asian specialties.

Reading 2: Malls: Public Places or Private Businesses?


1. Three young men were arrested at the Iowa mallfor handing out information.

2. They were giving people information aboutsweatshop labor.

3. People were upset about the arrest because theysay the mall is trying to stop freedom of speech.

4. Freedom of speech is a First Amendment right inthe United States Constitution. It states that thegovernment shall not make any laws prohibitingthe freedom of speech, of the press, or of theright of the people to assemble peaceably and topetition the government for change.

5. The mall believes freedom of speech does not ap-ply to it because it considers itself a private busi-ness, and the First Amendment allows the pri-vate sector to restrict speech rights.

6. The men might have received a light sentence fortheir crime had they pleaded guilty.

7. Malls have, in many cases, replaced traditionaldowntown shopping areas, which provided thecivic forums where the First Amendment was in-tended to give people a voice. For this reason,some people think malls should be reclassified aspublic spaces.

8. Malls are now home to such activities as bakingcontests, walking clubs, flower shows, and evencharity fundraisers.



1. The three men in Iowa were arrested for handingout leaflets.

2. According to the constitution, Americans havethe right to free speech.

3. The charity organization had a fundraiser tobring in money for its new programs.

4. The judge dismissed the charges against the men,and they went free.

5. It is a crime to operate a sweatshop, or illegalworking place, in the U.S.

6. The lawyer represented the men for free.7. If the men had pleaded guilty, they might have

gotten a light punishment. 8. It violated the malls rules to hold a demonstra-

tion.9. The area outside a city is called the suburbs.

10. The mall hired security guards to protect thestores.


Chapter 9: Buyer Beware


Reading 3: Customer Service


1. Because in todays economy more people per-form services than before, poor service is morecommon.

2. Larger companies have a reputation for offeringpoor service to customers.

3. A monopoly is a service provided by only onecompany without any competition.

4. Since the customer has little or no choice inwhere to get the service the monopoly provides,customer service is usually poor because there isno need satisfy the customer.

5. Some customer service complaints include de-clining airline services and fees imposed bybanks to use an ATM or teller.

6. Because the American economy also focuses onproductivity, or making more for less, service isoften sacrificed in favor of lower prices.

7. Some companies are trying to improve customerservice by holding special classes to teach theiremployees good customer relations.

810: Answers will vary.


1. Fact: The number of customer complaints re-garding customer service is a quantity that canbe measured.

2. Opinion: The definition of bad customer serv-ice is not constant for all people. Some peoplemay be more sensitive about the service they re-ceive than others. In short, the issue can be de-bated.

3. Opinion: Again, the quality of customer servicecannot be accurately measured, nor can it berated between industries.

4. Fact: It can be proven that banks impose fees forservices.

5. Opinion: How a bank acts cannot be meas-ured or proven.

6. Fact: By comparing airfare prices between atravel agent and the Internet, for example, thesource of lower prices can be ascertained.

7. Fact: If companies are holding classes to educateemployees to teach them good customer service,than it is fact. What exactly constitutes goodcustomer service is a matter of opinion.


1. rival = F. competitor2. criticism = G. complaint3. system of money and business = H. economy4. price = A. fare5. efficiency = D. productivity6. before = B. in advance7. bank clerk = E. teller8. best = C. premium

Grammar You Can Use: Irregular Verbs, page 171


Base Form Simple Past Tense Past Participle

blow blew blown

throw threw thrown

grow grew grown

fly flew flown

lend lent lent

bend bent bent

sent sent sent

steal stole stolen

speak spoke spoken

break broke broken

wear wore worn

swear swore sworn

tear tore torn

let let let

bet bet bet

set set set


Tuning In: Internet Shopping, page 172

Words related to shopping: buyers, always open, giftwrapping, name brand products, crowds, incentives,shoppers

Words related to computers: always open, web surf-ing, name brand products, software, incentives, ease

1. RoboShopper is a free software agent that willshop online for you.

2. They cant see or touch the products and theyworry about ordering online with a credit card.

3. VeriSign is the highest level of encryption tomake online credit card shopping safer.


Reading 4: Groceries Online


1. Because it is hot in the summer and cold in thewinter where Ms. Suarez lives, she likes the ideaof having groceries delivered to her, so she canstay inside.

2. Consumers like to see the food before they pur-chase it, especially produce. Also, some peoplesimply enjoy the act of going to the supermarketand walking through the aisles. This has hin-dered the popularity of online grocery shopping,compared with online shopping for books andCDs.

3. Books, CDs, and airline tickets are some of thethings people buy on the Internet.

4. People fear they will receive spoiled food, paylarge delivery charges, and/or receive late deliv-eries if they buy food on the Internet.

5. Mr. Koklos started shopping online when his jobdemanded he work longer hours.

6. Mr. Koklos found that shopping online is easy,convenient, and saves time. Not only are the veg-etables he gets online better than the ones hewould pick out himself, but he never has toworry about finding a parking space.




Reading 1: All About Astronauts


1. The NASA Space Program selects and trains newastronauts every two years.

2. Of all the men and women that apply, onlyabout twenty are chosen.

3. Astronauts get training at the Johnson SpaceCenter in Houston, Texas.

4. During training, astronauts learn to perform allthe tasks that will be required of them while inspace. They also learn what to do in emergencies.

5. Astronauts test out the bulky space suits bytraining in swimming pools. Water is denser andmore supportive than air, and better approxi-mates the weightless feeling of being in orbit.

6. During a launch, astronauts wear a special suitthat includes a helmet, gloves, and boots, whichprotects them from the changes in pressure andtemperature as the shuttle leaves Earth.

7. An EMU is an extravehicular maneuveringunit, a special suit that allows astronauts towalk outside the spacecraft. This suit protectsthe astronaut from the extreme temperatures ofspace, allows communication with the crewaboard the shuttle, and is equipped with drink-ing water and oxygenated air.

8. Astronauts must be:a. physically fitb. well educatedc. able to work well with others

Apply the Strategy, pages 182183

I. NASA selects and trains astronauts every twoyearsA. only 20 chosenB. must be physically fitC. must have a good educationD. must work well with others

II. TrainingA. perform tasks required in spaceB. learn what to do in emergency situationsC. practice for several months

III. Training equipmentA. flight simulators B. space suitC. train in the swimming pool

IV. Clothing worn at launch/in orbitA. special suit to protect astronaut from changes

in pressure and temperatureB. whatever the astronaut finds comfortable

V. EMUA. can talk to crewB. protected from extreme temperaturesC. equipped with drinking water and oxy-

genated air

Reading 2: Found: A New Solar System


1. The new planet is some forty light years, or a bitmore than 235 trillion miles, from Earth.

2. The new planet is orbiting a star called 51 Pega-sus, in the constellation named for the wingedhorse of Greek mythology.

3. Swiss astronomers first discovered the planet.4. No, the scientists did not actually see the planet.5. They know the planet is there because they ob-

served 51 Pegasus wobbling under the influenceof the planets gravitational pull.



1. Astronomers use telescopes to look at the stars.2. The gravity on Pegasus 51 would be crushing be-

cause of its size.3. Circling is another name for orbiting.4. A constellation is a group of stars that usually

have a name.5. Cosmic is a word related to all the universe. 6. A galaxy is another name for a solar system.

(Note to teacher: This is factually incorrect. Agalaxy is a collection of stars, each of whichcould have its own solar system.)

Grammar You Can Use, page 186

1. The new planet is closer to its sun than the Earthis.

2. The Earth is smaller than the new planet.3. The Earth is colder than the new planet.4. The New Planet has a shorter year than the

Earth.


Chapter 10: Space is the Place


Reading 3: Hale-Bopp


1. A comet is a space snowball that floats in thesolar system, away from the sun.

2. Hale-Bopp is important because it is one of thebrightest comets of this century.

3. Hale-Bopp had not been seen from Earth for4,210 years before 1997.

4. Comets are made up of dust, rock, and ice.5. In the past, people thought comets were signs of

the gods anger. People reacted with fear andwere even provoked to murder.

6. The Oort Cloud is a conglomeration of 100 bil-lion comets that lies on the periphery of the so-lar system.

7. Scientists think comets either come from the leftover rock, dust and ice from the formation of thesolar system, or that they were pulled togetherby the suns gravity a long time ago.

8. Some astronomers believe a comet hit the Earth65 million years ago and that it set the worldsforests on fire, caused tidal waves, darkened theEarth, and killed off the dinosaurs.

9. Hale-Bopp was about ten times larger than theaverage comet, with an estimated diameter of 25miles.

10. Because of its size, Hale-Bopp appeared verybright. The larger the comet, the more light it re-flects.


1. These things are found in space: asteroids,comets, and solar systems.

2. These can be used to look into space: binocularsand telescopes.

3. These were once found on Earth: dinosaurs.4. The moon reflects the suns light.5. These happen in the oceans: tidal waves.6. Nero was one of these: emperor.7. This is what you see when you look out over the

landscape: the horizon.

Reading 4: SETI: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence


1. SETI is an acronym for a scientific organizationcalled Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.

2. SETI investigates life on other planets in ourgalaxy and outside our solar system. They alsohave projects in other fields such as astronomy,planetary sciences, and evolution.

3. Scientists, engineers, administrators, technicians,and teachers work at SETI.

4. SETIs main research project is called ProjectPhoenix, which searches for extraterrestrial in-telligence by using the worlds most sophisti-cated equipment to look into outer space.

5. Yes, there has been one unusual signal. It was detected in 1977 at the Ohio State Radio Obser-vatory.

6. If SETI ever finds an unusual signal, it does notplan to reply to it. The nations of Earth will haveto decide whether or not to reply.

7. The largest problem with replying to a signal re-ceived by SETI is that it might have to travellight years to get back to the sender, and thatcould take decades.



Meaning1. detected detective contact E. find out2. evolution evaluate evolve G. change3. extraterrestrial terrain terminal A. earth4. investigate request investigator C. look into5. microwave macaroni microcomputer H. very small 6. observatory receive observe D. see7. planetary planets explain B. large body

in space8. verified conserve verification F. truth

Tuning In: The CIA and UFOs, pages 192193

This led the Air Force to make misleading and de-ceptive statements to the public in order to ally pub-lic fears and to protect an extraordinarily sensitivenational security project.

While perhaps justified, this deception addedfuel to the later conspiracy theories and the cover upcontroversy of the late 1970s.1. According to the CIA, the Air Force lied about

the UFOs to keep the public from being scaredand to keep national security projects secret.

2. American spy planes3. The Air Force conducted a secret test which in-

volved dropping dummies from high altitudes. 4. Answers will vary.



1. What does preview mean?

a. to look at something after you read it

b. to look at something before you study it

c. to study a book

d. to take a lot of notes

2. What is a policy?

a. a plan

b. a regular duty

c. a rule

d. a law enforcement officer

3. Which of these sentences has an imperative verb in it?

a. You should complete your homework.

b. He completed his homework.

c. She is completing her homework.

d. Complete your homework, please.

4. In the 1980s, why did some students think that college was not a good idea?

a. Because having a college education didnt pay well in the 1970s.

b. Because college was too expensive in the 1980s.

c. Because there wouldnt be enough jobs in the 1990s.

d. Because many colleges closed in the 1960s.

5. Which of these jobs is probably not a minimum wage job?

a. waiter

b. nurse

c. janitor

d. babysitter

Reading 1 Chapter Quizzes 35Name _________________________________________________Date __________________________________________________

Copyright 2000 Heinle & Heinle

Chapter 1: College Life: Difficult Dreams


6. What is a syllabus?

a. an assignment

b. a test

c. part of a word

d. a class plan

7. Class begins at 8:00. You arrive at 7:55. You are .

a. punctual

b. tardy

c. prepared

d. regular

8. Courteous means .

a. prepared

b. responsible

c. polite

d. punctual

9. What is a strategy?

a. a method for doing something

b. a policy at college

c. a classroom rule

d. a type of job

10. Which is not a regular part of a dictionary entry?

a. a definition

b. pronunciation information

c. part of speech

d. an article

36 Reading 1 Instructors Manual Name _________________________________________________Date __________________________________________________



1. Put these things in the correct order. Which uses the least water and which uses the most? Put a1 by the thing that uses the least, a 2 by the next one, up to the biggest user, which is a 5.

a. oak tree

b. football field

c. fish

d. cactus

e. washing machine

2. Write a C by the count nouns and a N by the noncount nouns below.

a. dew

b. cactus

c. tree

d. quart

e. water

3. Which of the following is not a source of water pollution?

a. chemicals from farming and factories

b. lead used in plumbing

c. reclaimed water

d. bacteria from sewage

4. Which of these things do not use a lot of water?

a. golf courses

b. ski slopes

c. baseball fields

d. garbage dumps



Chapter 2: Water: Our Most Important Resource


5. Put these measurements in order, according to size. Put a 1 by the smallest measure, a 2 bythe next smallest, and so on, until 5 for the largest.

a. cup

b. teaspoon

c. pint

d. gallon

e. quart

38 Reading 1 Instructors Manual Name _________________________________________________Date __________________________________________________



1. What is the top prize in the Olympics?

a. a silver medal

b. a bronze medal

c. a gold medal

d. a gold cup

2. What is asthma?

a. a breathing problem

b. an Olympic sport

c. a heart problem

d. an award

3. Who is Jackie Joyner-Kersee?

a. a doctor

b. an athlete

c. a writer

d. a psychologist

4. Which of these is not a home remedy?

a. chicken soup for colds

b. ginger tea for nausea

c. a hot bath for insomnia

d. aspirin for the flu

5. If you have insomnia, you cant .

a. eat

b. talk

c. sleep

d. walk



Chapter 3: Healthy Habits


6. Skimming means .

a. to review a reading

b. to read quickly for the main idea

c. to make notes about a reading

d. to read very slowly for i

tapestry book 1 answerkey

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