Task Based Instruction (TBI)

Definition of Task Based Instruction

Task, based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, is an activity which is designed to help achieve a particular learning goal, especially in language teaching. Then, based is an adjective which means containing something as an important part of feature. Instruction is something that somebody tells to you to do something.According to Nunan and Markee, task-based language instruction can be described as a language course whose syllabus or teaching and learning activities are organized around tasks.

Students are invited to use language creatively and spontaneously by doing tasks and solving the problemthey focused on a relationship which is similar with real world activity (target task) TBI takes the meaning as a central of teaching.Students’ assessments are based on the result of task. TBI is student-centered.

The Characteristics of TBI

The Principles of TBI

o First, use tasks as organizational principle.o Second, promote learning by doing.o Third, promote cooperative and collaborative learning.

The Components of TBI

1. Pre task2. Task cycle, consists of three stages: TaskPlanningReport3. Language focus, consists of two stages:AnalysisPractice

Types of Task

According to Prabhu, there are three types of task in task based instruction, as follows:

Information-gap activity. Opinion-gap activity Reasoning-gap activity

The advantages of TBI

The students are free of language control. Students will get much varied language forms

like lexical phrases, collocations, and patterns. Task based instruction needs or spends much

time. It is enjoyable and motivating.

The Disadvantages of TBI

• TBI needs a high level of creativity and initiative that must be had by the teacher.• TBI needs some instruments and sources that can be found in the classroom.• TBI is not what the students hope or expect, and then it will make them resist or protest to the instruction.