tatsushi shima research center for nuclear physics, osaka university, japan
DESCRIPTION
The 4th Yamada Symposium on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010 (APSE2010) June 14-18, 2010, Osaka Japan. Laser MeV Photons and Few-body Physics. Tatsushi Shima Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Japan. Outline. Few-body physics in nuclei - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Tatsushi ShimaResearch Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Japan
The 4th Yamada Symposium on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010 (APSE2010)
June 14-18, 2010, Osaka Japan
Laser MeV PhotonsLaser MeV Photonsandand
Few-body PhysicsFew-body Physics
Few-body physics in nuclei Real photon beams for nuclear experiments Topics from recent experimental studies Application to nuclear astrophysics Summary
Outline
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Few-body Physics in Few-body Physics in NucleiNuclei
Nucleus; a system of a finite number of strongly interacting particles (nucleons)
Potential; nuclear forces (strong interaction) exchange of one pion, 2, heavy meson, ... non-central; tensor, many-body force, ... charge-independence breaking (CIB), charge-symmetry breaking (CSB), etc.
Equation of Motion; no general solution for N>3 systems,
perturbation (expansion by coupling const.) useless
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Two-body Two-body systemsystem
Equation of Motion--- analytically solvable exact solution
Observables; nucleon-nucleon scattering, p(n,)d (d(,p)n )
Nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential;
NNvNNvNNvNNv REM
E.M. OPE residual
A few tenth of parameters are adjusted to 2000~4000 data of pp and pn scattering in 0~350MeV. Accuracy; 2/d.o.f. =1~2
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Phase parameters for J≤4 in pp scattering (CD-Bonn2001)
R. Machleidt, Phys. Rev. C63, 024001 (2001)
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D(D(,n)p cross section data,n)p cross section data
overall uncertainty < 0.9% !
E [MeV]
Cro
ss
Se
cti
on
[m
b]
Skopik 74Ahrens 74Leleux 79,85Birenbaum 85Bernabei 86Michel 89
ENDF/B-VIIArenhoevel
&Sanzone
10 15 20 25 30 35 400
0.4
0.8
1.2
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Ground-state properties of 3H and 3He;
binding energy, D-state probability, magnetic moment,...
Scattering; d(p,p)d, d(n,n)d
Radiative capture; d(p,)3He, d(n,)t
Photodisintegration; 3He(,p)d, 3He(,pn)p
numerically exact solution by Faddeev method check nuclear potentials in three-body system
Three-nucleon force (3NF)
Three-body Three-body systemsystem
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3NF3NF Binding energies of A=3
* Energy threshold relative to 3H+p
Nuclearpotentials
Ebin [MeV] Eth [MeV] *3H 3He 3He-n d-d
AV18 -7.752 -6.857 0.715 3.145
AV18+UIX -8.460 -7.713 0.747 4.033
AV18+UIX+V3* -8.452 -7.705 0.747 4.025
Exp. -8.481 -7.718 0.763 4.033
H.M. Hofmann and G.M. Hale, PRC68 (2003) 021002R
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pd-elastic at RIKEN & RCNP
K. Sekiguchi et al.,PRL 95, 162301 (2005)
NN only
NN+3N
Scattering
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3He photodisintegration
Experiment S. Naito et al. PRC73, 034003 (2006)
Faddeev (AV18)
Faddeev (AV18+Urbana-IX)
3NF makes better, but not enough.
(3NF)
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Four-body systemFour-body system
Various methods are proposed to solve 4N-EoM;
Faddeev-Yakbovsky method (FY)
Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas formalism (Faddeev-AGS)
No-core shell model (NCSM)
Effective interaction hyperspherical harmonics (EIHH)
Cluster model
Chiral perturbation theory ((Q/) expansion, ~800MeV)
etc...
Most of the above give consistent results on g.s. of 4He.
But...
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Trento (Effective Interaction Hyperspherical Harmonics)
Bonn (Faddeev-AGS)
Londergan and Shakin (Coupled Channel Shell Model)
Horiuchi and Suzuki (Cluster model)
Calculation for Calculation for 44He(He(,n),n)33He cross sectionHe cross section
E [MeV]
Cro
ss S
ecti
on
[m
b]
20 25 30 35 40 45 500
1
2
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◆ Gorbunov 62▼ Arkatov 78▲ Bernabei 88■ Hoorebeke 93
+ Gardner 62× Gemmell 62
◇ Meyerhof 70
△ McBroom 82 ▽ Calarco 83
○ Feldman 90□ Hahn 95
Previous works; Previous works; 44He(He(,p),p)33H & H & 33H(p,H(p,))44HeHe
E [MeV]
▲ ■ ▼ ◆
○ □ △ ▽◇ +×
3H(p,)4He
4He(,p)3HCro
ss S
ectio
n [m
b]
● RCNP-AIST2005
20 25 30 35 400
1
2
PRC72, 044004 (2005)
(detailed balance)
(,p)
(p,)
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◆ Gorbunov 62▲ Berman 71■ Malcom 73▼ Irish 73● Nilsson2005
△ Ward 81○ Komar 93
Previous works; Previous works; 44He(He(,n),n)33He & He & 33He(n,He(n,))44HeHe(detailed balance)
E [MeV]
▲ ■ ◆ +
○ △ 3He(n,)4He
4He(,n)3He
Cro
ss S
ectio
n [m
b]
RCNP-AIST2005Lund-Glasgow2005
20 25 30 35 400
1
2
● RCNP-AIST, PRC72, 044004 (2005)No other tracking measurement with monochromatic -rays.
(,n)
(n,)
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Low-energy Low-energy -ray sources -ray sources
Discrete -rays from radioisotopes
Bremsstrahlung (continuous energy) / tagged photons
e+e- pair annihilation in flight ; monoenergy + brems.
Laser Compton Scattered (LCS-)
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Energy distributions of Energy distributions of -ray -ray beamsbeams
Bremsstrahlung,e+e- annihilation in flight
Laser Compton-Scattered (PH spectra of GSO scintillator)
Pulse Height [MeV]
Co
un
t [
arb
. un
it] laser =1064nm, Ee = 0.976GeV, Ie =83mA
Plaser=3.53W
Plaser=0W
0 5 10 15 20
100
200
(almost) no BG !!BG from low-energy component of brems.
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Laser Compton Laser Compton backscatteringbackscattering
Relativistic electron (Ee)
Laser light (L)
(E)
222
2
, 1
4
cm
EhcE
e
e
L
E
()
ex. L=1.064m, Ee=800MeV
⇒ E = 11MeV
Angular dependence
Klein-Nishina formula
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Advantages of Advantages of LCS-LCS-
Quasi-monochromatic; E/E ~ a few %
Little background -rays; tagging not necessary
Well-collimated; < 0.1 mrad
Highly polarized; linear or circular, P ~ 100%
Continuous or pulsed; t < 10ns
Considerable intensity; =104 ~ 108 /s/MeV
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LCS LCS -ray facilities in the world-ray facilities in the world
Year FacilityEe
[GeV]Laser
E
[MeV]
[/sec/MeV]
1964 Lebedev 0.6 ruby ~10 ~ 106
1965 Harvard / CEA 6 ruby ~1000 5×104
1978 Frascati / LADON 1.5 Ar+ 5 – 80 ~ 105
1985 ETL(AIST) / TERAS 0.2-0.8 Nd-YAG 2 – 32 103 ~105
1990 BNL / LEGS 2.8 Nd-YAG 150 – 470 104 ~ 105
1996 Grenoble / GrAAL 6 Ar+ 1500 ~ 4×103
1999 SPring-8 / LEPS 8 Ar+ 1500 – 3500 ~104
1999 TUNL(Duke) / HIS 0.2-1.2 FEL 2 – 70 107 ~ 109
2004LASTI(U. Hyogo) / N
ewSUBARU1 - 1.5
Nd-YVO4,
CO2, CO1.7 – 40 105 ~ 106
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NewSUBARUNewSUBARU Lab. of Adv. Sci. and Tech. for Industry, University of Hyogo, Japan
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NewSUBARU/LCS-NewSUBARU/LCS- source source
Linac
e-
Ee=1.0GeV
E =16 - 40 MeV, =104~5 photons/MeV/s, E/E =3~10%
K. Aoki, S. Miyamoto, et al. NIM A516 (2004) 228-236
accelerated to 1~1.5GeV
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Experiment with quasi-monochromatic Experiment with quasi-monochromatic at NewSUBARUat NewSUBARU
Laser Compton-scattered -ray :
E = 16 ~ 40MeV, ~2×104 /sec, FWHM~9%, P~100%
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Time Projection ChamberTime Projection Chamber
• Operational gas; He+CD4 (active target)→ ~ 4 , 100%, little uncertainty in detector sensitivity
• track shape, dE/dx → reliable event ID
• capability to simultaneous measurements of two-body and multi-body reaction channels as well as the reference reaction (d(,p)n)
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Event Event IdentificationIdentification
4He(,p)3H
4He(,n)3He
4He photodisintegrations
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Backgroundsx
[mm
]
z [mm]0 50 100 150 200 250-30
0
30
x [m
m]
z [mm]0 50 100 150 200 250-30
0
30
from natural RI
Photoelectrons
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D(D(,p)n,p)n
--- Good agreement with existing data as well as theoretical calculations and fittings !
E [MeV]
Cro
ss S
ecti
on
[m
b] Skopik 74Bernabei 86Leleux 79,85Michel 89RCNP-AISTRCNP-NewSUBARU (1)RCNP-NewSUBARU (2)RCNP-NewSUBARU (3)
ENDF/B-VIIArenhoevel
&Sanzone
10 15 20 25 30 35 400
0.4
0.8
1.2
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44He(He(,p),p)33H H (preliminary)(preliminary)
●○ RCNP-AIST2005 (PRC72, 044004) ; =351nm (3rd), Ee=0.8GeV
● RCNP-NewSUBARU; =532nm (2nd), Ee=0.97GeV
● RCNP-NewSUBARU; =1064nm (fund.), Ee≤1.46GeV
○ RCNP-NewSUBARU; =532nm (2nd), Ee=1.06GeV
E [MeV]
Cro
ss
Se
cti
on
[m
b]
20 25 30 35 40 45 500
1
2
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44He(He(,n),n)33He He (preliminary)(preliminary)
●○ RCNP-AIST2005 (PRC72, 044004) ; =351nm (3rd), Ee=0.8GeV
● RCNP-NewSUBARU; =532nm (2nd), Ee=0.97MeV
● RCNP-NewSUBARU; =1064nm (fund.), Ee≤1.46GeV
○ RCNP-NewSUBARU; =532nm (2nd), Ee=1.06GeV
● Lund 2005-2007 (PRC75, 014007) ; tagged photons
E [MeV]
Cro
ss S
ecti
on
[m
b]
20 25 30 35 40 45 500
1
2
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Comparison with theory Comparison with theory : : 44He(He(,n),n)33HeHe
●○ RCNP-AIST
●●○ RCNP-NewSUBARU
● Lund 2005-2007
Trento (Effective Interaction Hyperspherical Harmonics)
Bonn (Faddeev-AGS)
Londergan-Shakin (Coupled Channel Shell Model)
Horiuchi, Suzuki (Cluster model)
E [MeV]
Cro
ss S
ecti
on
[m
b]
20 25 30 35 40 45 500
1
2
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Big Bang nucleosynthesis
p(n,)d, d(p,)3He, 3H(,)7Li, 3He(,)7Be, …
H- and He-burnings in stars
d(p,)3He, 12C(p,)13N, 13C(p,)14N, 14N(p,)15O, ...
4He(2,)12C, 12C(,)16O, ...
s-process
(n,) on heavy nuclei (production)
(n,) on light nuclei (neutron poison)
r-, p-, rp-, -processes
(p,), (n,), (,x)
Application to Nuclear Astrophysics Application to Nuclear Astrophysics StudiesStudies
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Trajectories of Mass Elements in core-collapse SNeTrajectories of Mass Elements in core-collapse SNe
Sumiyoshi et al., ApJ 629 (2005) 922
Shock stalls at t~100ms, r~100km
Core bouncec ~ 1014 g/ccTc ~ 5 MeV
Shock wave-heating
Neutrino-nucleus interactions in astrophysicsNeutrino-nucleus interactions in astrophysics
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Janka-Müller, A&A 306 (1996) 167
-heating; energy transfer by -heating; energy transfer by -A interaction-A interaction
3~12% increase in neutrino luminosity will make it.
1051 erg
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Isotopic composition of post-bounce supernova coreIsotopic composition of post-bounce supernova core
M=15M☉, 150ms after bounce
D
Sumiyoshi & Röpke (2008)
4He
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Analogy between Analogy between -A and -A and -A -A interactionsinteractions
JL
LLWLJ
WLJ
JLLLW
LJWLJ
YrigT
YrigT
1111
1010
JL
LLEMLJ
EMLJ
JLLLEM
LJEMLJ
YrigT
YrigT
2
2
31111
31010
Weak operators (neutral current) ;
EM operators ;
--- Photon is a useful probe for weak nuclear responses.
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SummarySummary Photonuclear reactions provide unique tools for experimental studies of few-nucleon systems;
· 3NF(, 4NF?), tensor force, CIB, CSB, ... · theoretical approach to solve N-body EoM
They are also useful to obtain nuclear data demanded for nuclear astrophysics;
· radiative capture, neutrino-nuclear reactions
New real-photon source; Laser Compton Scattered --- quasi-monoenergy, little background, high polarization Precise data on cross section, branching ratio, angular distribution, analyzing power, ...
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CollaboratorsCollaborators
Y. Nagai Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
H. Utsunomiya, H. Akimune Department of Physics, Konan University
T. Mochizuki, S. Miyamoto, K. Horikawa Laboratory for Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo
T. Hayakawa, T. Shizuma Kansai Photon Science Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
M. Fujiwara Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University