tausug reader sample

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Tausug Reader

Wilma A. AmilNurlyn M. JupackalFahkriemar H. LimpasanPerla S. Ledesma

Edited by: R. David Zorc

2011


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Tausug Reader

Copyright 2011 by AECOM, Inc.

All rights reserved.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and

recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior

written permission from the copyright owner.

All inquiries should be directed to:

Dunwoody Press

6564 Loisdale Ct, Suite 500

Springfield, VA 22150U.S.A.

ISBN: 978-1-931546-82-9

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011921535

Printed and bound in the United States of America


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Table of Contents

Preface................................................................................................................. iAbbreviations .................................................................................................... ii

Complex Sound Changes. ............................................................................... vi

A Note On Tausug Uniques. .........................................................................viii

A Note On Spanish Loanwords. .................................................................... ix

Bibliography. ..................................................................................................... x

Selections

Selection 1. In Jaga Pitaka .............................................................................. 1

Selection 2. Pagsabu sin Pamarinta ha Sg .................................................... 5

Selection 3. Graduation ha Jolo ....................................................................... 7

Selection 4. Isturi hi Toto ................................................................................ 9

Selection 5. In Pangalay Festival ha Jolo ....................................................... 11Selection 6. In Manga Piyagbiddaan sin Mawmaas iban sin

Manga Anak Nila ....................................................................... 13

Selection 7. Hambuuk Panglaggui ha Manga Naghihinang ha Guwa

Hula ........................................................................................... 15

Selection 8. Dyan.......................................................................................... 17

Selection 9. Bd Kaha................................................................................... 19

Selection 10. Panayam: Red Alert 2 ................................................................ 21

Selection 11. Paganad Biya-diin Magpargan Motor................................... 24

Selection 12. In Bagu Capitol Site .................................................................. 26

Selection 13. Manga Ginisan Pangahagad ha Bulkaw .................................. 28

Selection 14. In Baya Mapinda ....................................................................... 30

Selection 15. Kabuhi sin Hambuuk Bata Iskul Naghihinang ....................... 32

Selection 16. Ha Museum ................................................................................ 35Selection 17. Manga Sasakatan Lupa ha Tiyanggi ........................................ 37

Selection 18. Manga Timpu ha Philippines ..................................................... 39

Selection 19. In Niyug ...................................................................................... 41

Selection 20. Manga Pangahagad sin manga Tausg ha Mantiyanak............ 43

Selection 21. Manga Usu Bagu ha Manga Drama sin Pilipinas .................... 45

Selection 22. In Halga sin Manga Duwaa ...................................................... 47

Selection 23. Usaha Tinda-tinda ...................................................................... 49

Selection 24. Ungsud, Lawng sin Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the

Philippines .................................................................................. 51

Selection 25. Adlaw Pagpuasa sin Hambuuk Muslim..................................... 53

Selection 26. Manga Ipatan .............................................................................. 55

Selection 27. Kabuhianan sin manga Tausg ha Kagimbahan ....................... 57

Selection 28. In Gaddung Panghiyanum Ha Lupa Sg.................................. 59

Selection 29. Pagtanum ha Taykud By .......................................................... 61

Selection 30. In Pagtagama sin Pagkaun ......................................................... 63

Selection 31. In Takwim sin Tausg: Manga Adlaw Iban Manga Bulan ....... 65

Selection 32. Manga Banda Rock .................................................................... 68


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Selection 33. Gun Ban ...................................................................................... 70

Selection 34. Madrasa: Hambuuk Iskul sin Islam ........................................... 72

Selection 35. In Computerha Bihaun .............................................................. 74Selection 36. Balat ............................................................................................ 76

Selection 37. In Pagdatung sin manga Barang Technology ............................ 78

Selection 38. Anak sin Sundalu ....................................................................... 80

Selection 39. Biya-diin Magpanayam Patsa ................................................... 83

Selection 40. By amu in Nagdar Sukud ....................................................... 86

Selection 41. In Manga Pangaddatan sin Tausg ha Manga Bata-Bata

Bagu Piyaganak ....................................................................... 88

Selection 42. Manga Pakukus .......................................................................... 90

Selection 43. Pagbuhat ..................................................................................... 92

Selection 44. Foreign Policies .......................................................................... 94

Selection 45. In Kahlan sin Pagboto .............................................................. 96

Selection 46. Manga Call Center..................................................................... 98

Selection 47. Manga Langgit ha Manga Bata-Bata .................................... 100Selection 48. Sakit Manuk ............................................................................. 102

Selection 49. Unu in Cell Phone pa Kabuhi Natu ...................................... 104

Selection 50. Katn Pasal Lunag.................................................................... 106

Selection 51. Pagubat ha Panghinang-hinang .............................................. 108

Selection 52. Kasambuhan ha Lupa Sg ...................................................... 110

Selection 53. Paghinang Pambut .................................................................... 112

Selection 54. Jn hi Apu Ku .......................................................................... 114

Selection 55. Pagmundu ha Video ................................................................. 116

Selection 56. PagiskulNursing..................................................................... 118

Selection 57. Tiyapuk sin Kukuk ................................................................... 120

Selection 58. Manga By ha Kagimbahan..................................................... 122

Selection 59. Kamatay .................................................................................... 124

Selection 60. Manga Ingat-kapandayan sin Kamaasan ................................. 126Selection 61. Pagkawin Tausg ..................................................................... 128

Selection 62. Manga Adlaw sin Haylaya ....................................................... 131

Selection 63. In manga Pali-palihan Sin Kamaasan Natu ............................ 133

Selection 64. In Tuman Maana sin Jihad ha Dn sin Allah .......................... 135

Selection 65. Paghindu Mathematics ha manga Bata-Bata ....................... 137

Selection 66. In Pangaddatan sin Tausg ...................................................... 141

Translations

Selection 1. The Wallet Guard ..................................................................... 145

Selection 2. Celebration of Sulu Governance .............................................. 145

Selection 3. Graduation in Jolo .................................................................... 146

Selection 4. Story of Toto ........................................................................... 146

Selection 5. The Pangalay Festival in Jolo .................................................. 147Selection 6. The Differences between Parents and Their Children ............. 147

Selection 7. A Tribute To Overseas Workers .............................................. 148

Selection 8. Durian ....................................................................................... 149


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Selection 9. Mount Kaha' ............................................................................. 149

Selection 10. The Computer Game: Red Alert 2 ........................................... 150

Selection 11. Learning How to Drive a Motorcycle ...................................... 151Selection 12. The New Capitol Site ............................................................... 151

Selection 13. The Variety of Beliefs in the Shooting Star ............................. 152

Selection 14. The Desire to Change ............................................................... 153

Selection 15. Life of a Working Student ....................................................... 153

Selection 16. At the Museum ......................................................................... 154

Selection 17. Land Transportation in Jolo ..................................................... 154

Selection 18. Seasons in the Philippines ........................................................ 155

Selection 19. The Coconut Palm .................................................................... 156

Selection 20. Tausugs Beliefs in theMantiyanak........................................ 156

Selection 21. New Trends in Philippine Soap Operas ................................... 157

Selection 22. The Value of Prayer ................................................................. 157

Selection 23. The Sari-Sari Store Business.................................................... 158

Selection 24. Dower, According to the Code of Muslim PersonalLaws of the Philippines ............................................................ 159

Selection 25. A Muslims Day of Fasting ...................................................... 159

Selection 26. Pets ............................................................................................ 160

Selection 27. Livelihood of the Tausugs in the Hinterland ........................... 161

Selection 28. The Verdant Vegetation in Sulu .............................................. 161

Selection 29. Backyard Gardening ................................................................. 162

Selection 30. Food Preparation ...................................................................... 163

Selection 31. The Tausug Calendar: Days and Months ................................ 163

Selection 32. Rock Bands ............................................................................... 165

Selection 33. Gun Ban .................................................................................... 165

Selection 34.Madrasa An Islamic School ................................................ 166

Selection 35. The Computer Nowadays ........................................................ 167

Selection 36. Leather ...................................................................................... 168Selection 37. The Influx of Technological Products ..................................... 168

Selection 38. The Child of a Soldier .............................................................. 169

Selection 39. How to Play Patsa .................................................................... 170

Selection 40. A House That Brings Luck ...................................................... 171

Selection 41. Tausug Practices for Newly-Born Babies ............................... 172

Selection 42. Bladed Weapons ....................................................................... 173

Selection 43. Customary Binding of the Abdomen of a Pregnant Woman .. 173

Selection 44. Foreign Policies ........................................................................ 174

Selection 45. Election Issues .......................................................................... 175Selection 46. Call Centers .............................................................................. 175

Selection 47. Vaccines for Young Children .................................................. 176

Selection 48. Avian Influenza ........................................................................ 177

Selection 49. What the Cell Phone Is in Our Lives ....................................... 177

Selection 50. All About Stress ....................................................................... 178Selection 51. Curing by Black Magic ............................................................ 179

Selection 52. Development in the Province of Sulu ...................................... 179

Selection 53. Pump-Boat Making .................................................................. 180


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Selection 54. My Grandmother's Genie ......................................................... 181

Selection 55. Video Piracy ............................................................................. 181

Selection 56. Studying Nursing ...................................................................... 182Selection 57. Hidden by a Kukuk................................................................... 183

Selection 58. Houses in the Rural Areas ........................................................ 184

Selection 59. Death ......................................................................................... 185

Selection 60. Skills of the Elders ................................................................... 185

Selection 61. Tausug Wedding ...................................................................... 186

Selection 62. Religious Festival Days ............................................................ 187

Selection 63. The Superstitions of Our Elders ............................................... 188

Selection 64. The True Meaning of Jihad in the Way of Allah ..................... 188

Selection 65. Teaching Mathematics to Children .......................................... 189

Selection 66. The Personality of the Tausug ................................................. 191

Glossary.................................................................................................... 195


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i

Preface

This reader is designed to provide an intermediate student of Tausug with abroad selection of authentic articles together with all necessary lexical and

grammatical information to decipher them.

The selections are rated between levels 2 to 3 plus according to the

standards defined by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) or

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL).

These selections can also be used productively to supplement or lead into

Intensive Tausug: A Pedagogical Grammar of the Language Of Jolo,Philippines by Carl R. Galvez Rubino (published by Dunwoody Press in

2006; revised edition forthcoming).

The selections are original creations by three authors. Every effort has beenmade to offer the widest range of genres for different settings: Culture and

Society, Politics, Economics, Local History, Science and Technology,

Defense, Geography, and the Environment. The selections have not been

changed or abbreviated from their originals, and great care has been made

to correspond them exactly to the recordings (available separately).

The first part of this book contains the sixty-six selections with individual

vocabularies. Words are entered in the order of their first appearance.

Please note that the glosses are purposely literal, especially for verbs, since

the three passive voices are idiosyncratic to Philippine languages. The

standard idiomatic or free rendition of these verbs in English will be found

in each respective translation. Once glossed, a word will not be re-glossed

unless there is a substantial change in its meaning. Note also that wordsappearing in the Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana

(1994 edition) by Irene U. Hassan, Seymour A. Ashley, and Mary L.

Ashley are generally not glossed herein.

The second part of this book consists of the translations of each selection.

For the most part, they are free and rendered in standard American English.

The third and final part of this book is an overall glossary in alphabetical

order, representing a compilation of all individual vocabularies.


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ii

Abbreviations

glottal stop~ or

abr abbreviation

abs abstract noun

adj adjective

adv adverb

art an article; See: cm

atr attributive, used in a modifying function, but not a true adjective

Bis a Bisayan (ambiguously Cebuano or Hiligaynon) loanword

body name of a part of the body (human or animal)

card cardinal numeral (e.g., one, two, ten, sixty)

Ceb Cebuano loanword

Cf: confer with

Chav Chavacano loanwordcircum circumfix

cm case marker [ ~ "art"]

cmp compound (two words strung together as a complete unit)

col collective noun "the combination of all X's"

comp comparative (used in comparing one thing against another)

CSLI Center for the Study of Language and Information

curse a curse, insult, or condemnation hurled at someone

date date (i.e., day of the week, month of the year)

dial dialect

dim diminutive

direction a specific form of location word (e.g., north, south, east, west,

etc.)

dist distributive verb (inflected with mang-, nang-, orpang-)dist loc distritutive verb (inflected with mang- -an, pang- -an)

dp discourse particle

enum enumerative (a noun that functions like a numeral)

exis existential predicate: There is, has, having

exis poss existential possessive

expr expression (three or more words strung together expressing a single

idea) [Contrast: phr]

ext an extended meaning

fem female, feminine, referring to a woman

Hil Hiligaynon or Ilonggo loanword

idiom a word or group of words that functions as a single idea, not

readily understandable outside of the culture

imp imperative or command form of the verb

inch inchoative verb (denoting becoming more so)

indef an indefinite form

inf infinitive form of the verb (to VERB)


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iii

instr instrumental focus, the object is moving away from the speaker or

is an instrument used in performing the action (inflected with hi-,

hika-, hipag-, kiya-, etc.)intens intensive or "very" much so

intj interjection or exlamation

intr intransitive verb (one that does not take a direct object)

kin a kin term (related by blood or by marriage)

lit literal meaning; literally

loc a location (marked with ha); locative focus (inflected with -an, -i)masc male, masculine, referring to a man

meteo meteorological word (expressing weather conditions, e.g., rain,

windy, monsoon, typhoon, etc.)

Mex Mexican Spanish

n noun

n cmp idiom compound noun that does not mean what its elements

implyn cmp poss a noun compounded with a possessive pronoun

n cmp time a noun compound that expresses some temporal dimension

or relationship

n loc a noun formed with the locative suffix -an or any noun referring

specifically to some place or geographic location

n phr noun phrase

n pl a noun in its plural form

n, adj noun also functioning attributively (i.e., as an adjective)

n, v a noun stem that also functions as a verb stem (having the same

overall meaning in English, e.g., ulan "rain")neg a negative word "no; not; don't!; never"

neg adj phr an attributive phrase that functions like an adjective

neg exis a negative existential "none; there is none"neg expr a combination of 3 or more words expressing a single idea

neg intj a negative interjection

neg preverb a negative preverb

neg pro a negative plus a pronoun

num numeral, number

num adv adverbial use of a numeral (e.g., secondly, by the hundreds, ten

each, three times [multiplicative])

num cmp numeral compound, a number composed of two or more parts

num prf a prefix used with numeral stems

obl an oblique form (i.e., in the locative) [Case 3]

ord ordinal numeral (e.g.,first, second, tenth, sixtieth)

orig originally

pass passive or object focus verb (inflected with -a, -hun, -un, etc.)

past past tense form (sometimes called perfect or perfective)

pejor pejorative, rude, crude ~ negative term or expression

phr phrase (three or more words that form a complex idea or function as

a single part of speech) [Contrast: cmp, expr]


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iv

pl plural form or marker

pn personal name ~ proper noun

pn loc name of a geographic location: town, city, province, country, etc.poss possessive [Case 2]

pot potential or potentive mood "can, able to; could;" also denotes an

accidental ~ coincidental action, e.g., "happened to VERB," also non-

volitional causation

prep a prepositional element (a noun functioning like a preposition in

English)

pres present tense form, usually formed with CV- reduplication

preverb a preverb (a form that comes before and governs another verb as

part of an entire verb phrase)

prf prefix

pro pronoun

pro indef an indefinite pronoun

pro obl an oblique pronounpro phr pronoun phrase

pro poss a possessive pronoun

pro redup a reduplicated pronoun

proverb proverb

proverb idiom a proverb with a highly idiomatic meaning

qw an interrogative or question word

qw cmp a question composed of two words or created by compounding,

e.g., bukun ka "isn't it so?"

qw expr a question composed of three or more words

qw loc a question asking about place, position, or location

qw phr a question composed of three or more words

qw pn a question word asking about a personal name or proper noun

qw time a question word asking about timeqw v a question word functioning as a verb

recip reciprocal noun, pronoun, or verb implying "each other," "one

another" (subject and object interact)

redup any word that is repeated or reflects reduplication of its root or

stem

redup x a word that appears to be a reduplication but bears little or no

connection to any root

relig a word relating to religion or supernatural beliefs (including terms

reflecting pre-Islamic animism)

rw root word

See: see the word or example cited

sg singular form or marker, referring to one entity

SIL Summer Institute of Linguistics

SIPL Studies in Philippine Linguistics

soc social or ethnological label

sp a species of animal or plant

Span Spanish loanword, probably through Chavacano


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v

st stative (reflecting some physical feeling, state, or emotion)

st atr a stative-attributive form

suf suffixsup superlative adjective, "most" ~ "greatest"

syn synonym, form with the same or a similar meaning

tag the form of a question that assumes an answer, e.g., isn't it so?

Tag Tagalog loanword

time temporal implication, time expression

tr transitive verb (one that takes a direct object)

Tsg Tausug

typo a typographical error or possible misspelling

v verb

v dist pres distributive verb in the present tense (nangCV-)

v loc locative verb (inflected with the -an or -i suffixes)

v root verb root

v st stative verbv st loc stative verb inflected with ka- -an formsvar variant of

var spel: variant spelling, an alternate way of spelling the word

vn verbal noun (usually marked with prefix pag-)

vn prf verbal noun ~ gerund prefix


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vi

Complex Sound Changes

There are five important sound changes (i.e., morphophonemic changesby linguists) which may prove difficult for some students of this language.

It is important to understand that some words change quite drastically from

their root form, and the student will not readily find such words in a

dictionary where words are listed under their root, rather than in

alphabetical order.

Before five consonants, the mangCV- prefix actually takes the shape of

mangVng-, while with mang- andpang-, the first consonant of the root is

lost.

*B*

hipamk "meet" < bk + hipang-

mamim"buyer" < b+ mangCV-mamomoto "voter" < boto + mangCV-

mamumunu "killer, murderer" < bunu + mangCV-

*K*

mangangalang "singer" < kalang + mangCV-

mangingita "fortune-teller, seer" < kita+ mangCV-

mangungugut "extortionist" < kugut "extort" + mangCV-

mangunguut "pickpocket" < kuut + mangCV-

nangungura' "riding a horse" < kura' + nangCV-

*P*

mamula "blush, turn red: < pula + mang-

namudji "praised, glorified" < pudji + nang-

pamalihala' "taking care" < palihala + pang-

*S* mananasal "smith" < sasal + mangCV-

maniniyul "one who fishes with a fine net" < siyul + mangCV-

*T*

mananahi "seamstress, tailor" < tahi+ mangCV-

mananawal "medicine man" < tawal+ mangCV-

The prefixes mang-, mangCV-, and pang- appear unchanged before all

vowels and two consonants /h/ and /l/. See Rubino 2006:121 from which

several of these examples are taken.

*A*

mangasubu "ask" < asubu + mang-

mangatubang "face each other" < atubang + mang-

panganud "cloud" < anud + pang-

pangandul "trust, confidence" < andul + pang-

*I*

mangihi "urinate" < ihi + mang-


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vii

mangingista "fisherman" < ista + mangCV-

mangiklug "lay an egg" < iklug "egg" + mang-

mangiban "accompany" < iban + mang-*U*

mangungubat "shaman, medicine man" < ubat + mangCV-

mangungudju "mocker" < udju + mangCV-

mangungutang "debtor, borrower" < utang + mangCV-

pangukabi "opening" < ukab + pang- -i

*D*

mangdg "climb" < dg + mang-

makapangdd "offend, hurt s.o.'s feelings" < dd + makapang-

nangdagan "pressed down on s.t." < dagan + nang-

pangdakup "elopement" < dakup + pang-

*G*

panggaga "discipline, control" < gaga + pang-

manggalit "shout" < galit + mang-nanggubat "attacked" < gubat + nang-

*J*

mangjawab "answer"


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viii

The Islamic names have religious signficance:

Muharram first month (having thirty days)Sappal, Shafar, Syafar second month

Rabiyul quasi-prefix or compound word used on the third ~

fourth months [Arabic "spring"]

Rabiyul Awal, Rabi Al Awal third month

Rabiyul Ahil, Rabi Al Ahil fourth month

Ahil (quasi-suffix or last compound word used on the fourthand sixth months)

Jumadil Awal, Jumadir Awal fifth month

Jumadil (quasi-prefix or first compound word on the fifth

and sixth months)

Jumadil Ahil, Jumadil Ahir sixth month

Rajab seventh month

Saban eighth month (having 29 days)Ramadan, Ramadhan Ramadhan, the fasting month (ninth

month, having 29 or 30 days)

Sawwal, Shawwal tenth month (having 29 days)

Julkaidda, Julkaidda eleventh month

Julhadji, Julhajji twelfth month

A Note On Tausug Uniques

While Tausug is a language within the Bisayan family (most closely related

to Butuan), it has at least a dozen unique forms that distinguish it from

Bisayan dialects and also from all other Philippine languages.

Tausug English Bisayan (usual)amuin which, who, that amu (ang)

[Subordinates what follows to that

which precedes]

atawa or Span u / o

awn (aun) there is may / igwa

bay + ma- like, want -ruyag

huun yes huu

iban and kag

kagunahan must; need kinahanglan

kaingatan know hibadu, sayud

kawhaan [+Ceb dial] twenty (20) kaduhaan, Span baynte

manjari can, able mahmu'

sagwa (sagua) but apang, Span perosn money pirak, Span kwarta

subay should dapat


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ix

A Note On Spanish Loanwords

Tausug, unlike its Bisayan and other Philippine relatives, shows its greatestinfluence from the Samal language family, e.g., Samal, Yakan, and also

from direct contact with Indonesian and/or Malay. There is no evidence for

any direct influence from the Spanish, because the Tausugs staunchly

resisted all invaders, both Spanish and American. However, the Tausug-

English Dictionary erroneously attributes what are essentially Spanish

loans to Tagalog, whereas the provenance of such borrowings is most likely

to be from trade and contact with the nearby Chavacano (a Spanish and

Asturian creole language).

Tausug English Spanishmu employer, boss amo "master, boss"

bayla dance bailar

bisita visitor, guest visitabla ball boladipindi depend (on ~ upon) dependerduru strengthen, grow stronger duro "hard, tough,

strong"

kampu base, field campo "countryside"

kru-kru carts carrolamisahan table la mesa "the table"

mantakilya jam, jelly, margarine mantequilla "butter"

pamilya family familia

pasyal stroll, walk; visit pasearprublima problem problema

pusti post poste

sini movie cine "cinema, theater"tambutsu muffler, exhaust pipe tambucho "escape

hatch"

tarabahu work trabajotimpu era, period of time tiempo

usal use usar

For hundreds of parallel citations, consult the Chavacano Reader (Miravite

et al. 2009. Dunwoody Press).


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x

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Selection 1

1

In Jaga Pitaka

Ina: Unu in huhulmatan dhil kaymu hi Babu Ubay mu?

Anak: Tagad! Iyuukab ku pa ini. Htiku pitaka ini. Huun, maray pitaka.

Ina: Bang yan pitaka maray awn sn ha lawm.

Anak: Bang bihadtu, iyusal niya tagna in huhulmatan niya kku.

Ina: Bukun bihadtu, anak. Liyuunan niya yan sn ha supaya awn jaga

pitaka.

Anak: Unu in jaga pitaka?

Ina: Pitaka in huhulmatan kaymu?

Anak: Huun, pitaka ini, ina. Awn sambil hang gatus pilak ha lawm.

Ina: Amu na tuud yan in jaga pitaka. Sn siya pila -pila na. Pagbutangun

siya ha lawm magjaga sin pitaka. Hangkan tiyawag siya jaga pitaka.

Anak: Na, mayta subay awn jaga pitaka?

Ina: Lawng nila bang awn jaga sin pitaka mu di ini kaubusan sn. Awn

sadja sn hikaluun mu ha lawm. Hangkan apabila awn bagu pitaka subay

tuud awn jaga. Di mu manjari ini gastuhun. Bang mu ini usalun, subay

kaw mam bagu, pasal pangahagari ini sin way na sumd sn pa pitaka

mu. Di mu manjari sambian atawa usalun in jaga pitaka hipam mu unu-unu na. Subay mu tuud ini di tangkugun. Subay ini hitaw ha pitaka mu

saumul.

Vocabulary

in cm the [topic case marking

particle for common nouns]

jaga!n guard, watchman; patrol@vn guarding, watching s.t.

carefully #v guard, watch;

protect

pitaka'n wallet; purse

inan kin motherunuqw what?

huhulmatann gift, offering;

entertainment

hulmatvgive, provide, issue;

entertain, serve; do service

(usually for s.o. of high rank)

CV- -ancircum [forms nouns]

dhilv pastgave, provided, issued

-iy- v infix pass past-ed, -en

dihilvgive, provide, issue

kaymupro obl you [singularobject]; to/for/with you; your,

yours [Var spel: kaimu]


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Selection 1

2

hicm sg poss of [personal noun

singular possessive case

marker]babun fem kin aunt

Ubaypn fem Ubay (female per-

sonal name)

mupro poss your, thy [singular];

by you; you

anaknchild, offspring

tagadv wait, await

iyuukabv pass pres is being

opened; am/is/are opening

CiyV- v pass pres prfis beingVERBed [indicates progre-

ssive ~ present form of a

passive verb] ukab v tropen

kupro poss my; by me; I

padp time still, yet

ini deic-1 this (near speaker);

these; here

htiku dp adv probably,

presumably, most likely;

maybe, perhaps [lit. I think]

hti!n meaning; understanding

@v rootunderstand, know themeaning of; think, learn

huundp intj yes! [affirmative,

confirmative; colloquial spokenvariants include huu, haa, hm

andwa]

maray dp maybe, possibly,perhaps; probably

bang conj if, whether, as to [con-

ditional]; when, at, during; once

[temporal]

yandeic-2 this (one here, near

listener), these; there (near

you); this coming (near in

future time)

awn exis possthere is/are; have,

own, possess

snn money

ha lawmprep loc cmp inside,

within [Var spel: ha laum]

hacm loc at, in, on; with, be-

tween, among; during; for, to;

against; from; based upon[Indicates general or non-

specific location.]

lawmn abs depth (as of the sea or

one's thoughts); inside, interior

(of s.t.); seriousness [Var spel:

laum]

bihadtu !deic comp like that @

qw cmp is that so? [Var

biyadtu]

iyusalv pass pastused; was used

usal v use [Span usar]

niyapro poss his, hers, its; he,

she, it; by him, her, ittagnaadv time! first, at first;

before, formerly, from the

beginning; [atr] former@v

begin, be first

kkupro 1 sg obl me; for me, to

me; mine

bukun neg prednot (so)

liyuunanv loc pastput; was put

-iy- -an v circum loc pastwasVERBed

luun!ncontents, everything

inside of s.t. else @v fill, put ~

place s.t. inside s.t. elseha supayaconj cmp so that, in

order to

supaya conj so that, to, in orderthat, for

sambiladv conj including; as

well as, and ... too [con-

junctive]; until, up to

[temporal]

hang gatus num cmp one hundred hang- num prfone

gatusnumhundred

pilakn silver; money; pesos

amu nadp phr agreementthe

very one, the very thingamudp thus, so, like this, like

that; right, correct, true, correct


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3

na!dp time now (expected)

[Signals the arrival of the time

of an event or the attainment ofan expected state; often not

translated.] @dp time already

(sooner than expected) [Signals

the occurrence of an event or

the attainment of a state sooner

than expected. Contrasts with

pa.]#dp intj Well!, Now!

[Used at the beginning of a sen-

tence.] $ All right (then)!,

Okay! [Calls attention to a

point of contention or incites a

person to do s.t.]

tuud dp adv very, really, truly,exactly, indeed; surely, plainly,

thoroughly; so much so; at all

siyapro 3 sg topic he, she, it

pila-pilaenum indefany amount;

whatever it costs

pagbutangunvis placed, is

added

pag- -un v pass circumbeingVERBed; get VERBed

butang!v put, place (s.t. some-where) @npile (a group of

things placed somewhere)

magjagav infguardsincm poss of the [genitive, pos-

sessive marker]; by the [non-

focused SUBJ]; with, against,

from [equivalent to Tagalog

ng]

hangkan conjbecause, therefore,

thus, that is why

tiyawagv pass pastwas called

tawag v rootcall, summon, ask

s.o. to come

maytaqw why?

subaypreverb should, ought to,

must

lawng nilav cmp they say; advcmp accordingly

lawng!v say; think@ make a

mistake, err; be mistaken; [ext]

deceive, delude, mislead [Var

spel: laung]

nilapro 3 pl poss their; by them;they

dineg not, no; never

kaubusanv pot loc can run out of

ka- -an #v pot loc circum can

be VERBed at ~ for

ubus!vfinish off, consume s.t.totally; complete; run out of@vst atrfinished (off); done,

completed

sadja !dpjust, only @adv time

always, all the time

hikaluunv instr potcan be put

hika- v instr pot prfcan beVERBed

apabila conj if [conditional];

when, the moment that

[temporal]

baguadj newgastuhunv pass be spent

gastu!n cost; expense,expenses, expenditure @v root

spend money; support, provide

financial support for s.o.

-hunv pass sufget VERBed; be

VERBed;futwill be VERBed

(after a vowel)usalunv pass be used

-unv pass sufget VERBed, be

VERBed;futwill be VERBed

[Forms transitive object-

orientation (direct passive) or

stative verbs when the verb root

ends in a consonant.]

kawpro 2 sg topic enclitic you

[singular]

mamv distbuy (in bulk);

patronize;futwill buy

mang-v dist prf[Creates a verb

implying multiple repetitions of

the act or a plural object, butboth the ng and the first con-

sonant of the root change; here

to mam-.]


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bv tr rootbuy; sell

pasal!prep concerning, for,

about @conj because of#nmarket

pangahagariv dist loc is

believed

pang- -iv dist loc circum is

being VERBed at, in ~ on

kahagad v believe; obey; followway na adv no more, no longer

way adv no, not, no longer (used

to negate verbs in realis aspect)

sumdv act infto enter, to go

inside; [ext] to do business

sd!n catch of fish (in a fish

corral) @n business partner#fine-toothed comb (for

removing hair lice) $v mot

rootenter, go inside; put s.t.

inside of s.t. else

-um- v infinfix to do VERB onceoff or one time (with

consonant-initial stems)

manjari!preverb can VERB;

may; could; would@v st

happen, come to pass; become,

turn out to be #dp seq then,

and then, now then, so then $v

atrlikely, probable

sambianv loc get changed; beexchanged

sambi v change, exchange,

replace

atawaconj or

hipamv instr distbe bought (in

quantity) [rw b] hipang- v instr dist prfVERB (in

quantity); be VERBed a lot

unu-unu naenum cmp redup any

unu-unupro indef redup what-

ever; something (or other)

tangkugunv pass be touched, get

moved tangkugv touch, move

hitawv instrbe kept, be stored,

be put away

hi-v instr prfVERB (away)

[Used to form instrument verbs

or on any verb where the object

is moving away.]

tawv rootkeep, put away

saumuladv time endlessly,

forever, (for) always

tausug reader sample

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