taw10 1 en col91 fv part a4

TAW10_1ABAP Workbench Fundamentals

SAP NetWeaver

Date

Training Center

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Education Website

Participant HandbookCourse Version: 92Course Duration: 10 Day(s)Material Number: 50089084

An SAP course - use it to learn, reference it for work

Copyright

Copyright 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

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g201123132527

About This HandbookThis handbook is intended to complement the instructor-led presentation of thiscourse, and serve as a source of reference. It is not suitable for self-study.

Typographic ConventionsAmerican English is the standard used in this handbook. The followingtypographic conventions are also used.

Type Style Description

Example text Words or characters that appear on the screen. Theseinclude field names, screen titles, pushbuttons as wellas menu names, paths, and options.

Also used for cross-references to other documentationboth internal and external.

Example text Emphasized words or phrases in body text, titles ofgraphics, and tables

EXAMPLE TEXT Names of elements in the system. These includereport names, program names, transaction codes, tablenames, and individual key words of a programminglanguage, when surrounded by body text, for exampleSELECT and INCLUDE.

Example text Screen output. This includes file and directory namesand their paths, messages, names of variables andparameters, and passages of the source text of aprogram.

Example text Exact user entry. These are words and characters thatyou enter in the system exactly as they appear in thedocumentation.

Variable user entry. Pointed brackets indicate that youreplace these words and characters with appropriateentries.

2011 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. iii

About This Handbook TAW10_1

Icons in Body TextThe following icons are used in this handbook.

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iv 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2011

Contents

Course Overview ......................................................... vii

Course Goals .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiCourse Objectives ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii

Unit 1: The Big Picture.................................................... 1

The SAP Software Portfolio .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2SAP Release Strategy ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15SAP NetWeaver.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Unit 2: Navigation........................................................ 35

Navigation in General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Advanced Navigation in the SAP GUI... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Unit 3: The System Kernel ............................................. 69

Principal Architecture of the SAP NetWeaver ApplicationServer.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

AS ABAP processes... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Unit 4: Communication and Integration Technologies......... 109

Cross-System Business Processes ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Remote Function Calls and BAPIs ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Enterprise Services-Oriented Architecture (Enterprise SOA) ..124Web Services... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Unit 5: Flow of an ABAP Program .................................. 139

System Architecture and ABAP Programs ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Unit 6: Introduction to the ABAP Workbench .................... 153

Repository and Object Navigator .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154Developing Programs and Organizing Developments .. . . . . . . . .164

Unit 7: Basic ABAP Language Elements .......................... 195

Working with Elementary Data Objects .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

Unit 8: Modularization ................................................. 237

Modularization - Basics and Overview ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239Modularization with Subroutines ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245Modularization with Function Modules ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

2011 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. v

Contents TAW10_1

Modularization with Methods of Global Classes ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300Modularization with Methods of Local Classes (Preview) .. . . . .330

Unit 9: Complex Data Objects ....................................... 341

Working with Structures ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342Using internal tables ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354

Unit 10: Data Modeling and Data Retrieval ....................... 385

Data Modeling and Transparent Tables in the ABAPDictionary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386

Reading Database Tables ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401Authorization Check ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

Unit 11: ABAP Open SQL ............................................. 459

SQL - WHERE Condition ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460SQL - Processing and Aggregating Value Sets .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465SQL - Reading from Multiple Database Tables ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

Unit 12: Selection Screen ............................................. 495

Generating and Designing the Selection Screen ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .496Input Checks and Variants .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

Unit 13: Programs Calls and Data Storage Management...... 531

Programs Calls and Data Storage Management .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Unit 14: New Test Tools ............................................... 561

The Code Inspector.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562

Glossary................................................................... 577

Index ....................................................................... 583

vi 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2011

Course OverviewThis training course, lasting two weeks, provides a comprehensive and detailedintroduction to the basics of ABAP programming and the ABAP Workbenchtools. Furthermore, this course, along with TAW11 and TAW12, prepares youfor certification for the SAP Certified Development Associate - ABAP - SAPNetWeaver 7.0.

Target Audience

This course is intended for the following audiences:

Development consultants and developers who are responsible for adaptingand developing ABAP/ABAP Objects programs.

Course Prerequisites

Required Knowledge

Solid data processing (DP) basic knowledge

Sound programming experience with another programming language

Course GoalsThis course will prepare you to:

Work with the ABAP Workbench tools

Write your own simple ABAP programs

Carry out database read accesses

Develop simple reuse components (subroutines, function modules andmethods) and use them in programs

Program dynamic screen processing

Program user dialogs using the different screen elements in the SAP system

Describe the function of the ABAP Dictionary in the SAP system

Define database objects and use them

Create and administer user-defined data types

Use the services in the ABAP Dictionary

Understand how the ABAP Dictionary is linked to the development andruntime environments

2011 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. vii

Course Overview TAW10_1

Course Objectives

After completing this course, you will be able to:

Describe the structure of an SAP system

Use the ABAP Workbench tools

Create and call subroutines, function modules and methods

Write user-friendly dialog programs

Implement and process screen elements in the SAP system

Create a user interface for a program

Use and describe the ABAP Dictionary and its services

Model data and read data using SQL from the database

Program in a performance-sensitive manner

Use the Code Inspector

viii 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2011

Unit 1The Big Picture

Unit OverviewThis unit first provides an overview of the SAP solutions. You will then learnmore about SAP's release strategy. Finally, we will talk about the application andintegration platform SAP NetWeaver.

Unit ObjectivesAfter completing this unit, you will be able to:

List the key components of the SAP solutions

Explain the differences between an application and a component

Describe the SAP software delivery process

Explain the SAP maintenance strategy

Find out when SAP software releases will become available

Explain the basic concept of SAP NetWeaver

Describe the central role played by the SAP NetWeaver Application Server

Unit ContentsLesson: The SAP Software Portfolio .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Lesson: SAP Release Strategy ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Exercise 1: SAP Release Strategy... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Lesson: SAP NetWeaver .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2011 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 1

Unit 1: The Big Picture TAW10_1

Lesson: The SAP Software Portfolio

Lesson OverviewThis unit provides an introduction to the structure of SAP's software solutions, atthe center of which is the SAP Business Suite.

Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to:



Business ExampleYour company plans to introduce SAP software. You, as a member of the projectteam, need an overview of the entire SAP portfolio.

SAP Strategy at a GlanceThe overall goal for SAP is to deliver instant value to organizations and peopleeverywhere by expanding its solution portfolio with innovations that reach out tothe many people that need IT in their daily work and daily life, while maintainingmaximum consistency of data, processes, and applications. Therefore, SAPfocuses on the following key areas in 2010 and beyond:

Figure 1: SAP's Product Strategy for 2010+


TAW10_1 Lesson: The SAP Software Portfolio

Scale the Customers Core Business (On Premise)

SAP plans to continue to evolve and strengthen its core business of providingsolutions for all industries and market segments. The offered solutions willscale the customers core business and deliver instant value to them. To easethe consumption of these solutions, they will be as preintegrated as possible andable to be implemented in a nondisruptive way, and they will be developed usingtimeless software principles such as decoupling, layering, componentization,abstraction, and design.

Via service-oriented architecture (SOA), other independent solutions will be ableto integrate consistently with the customers core business processes.

One major deliverable within this area, SAP Business Suite 7 software, is alreadyavailable, and more are planned to follow in the next years.

Innovate via Extensions (On Demand)

Besides offering solutions that scale the customers core business, SAP plans toprovide rapid innovations that deliver extended functionality for a specific lineof business.

These extensions will be delivered on demand. In this way, customers canconsume the innovations instantly without the need for on-site IT to manage theinfrastructure.

As these extensions will integrate smoothly with the customers core businessprocesses, customers will benefit from end-to-end business process integration.

Extend Our Customers Reach (On Device)

In addition, SAP intends to extend the customers reach by:

Enabling end users to consume SAP data and processes from differentdevices everywhere (SAP applications for mobile business)

Providing end users with information from both inside and outside theenterprise so that they can make decisions based on a broad array of dataaccording to their individual use case (analytical capabilities)

Helping end users to cooperate and optimize performance across a dynamicbusiness network of people (tools for collaboration)

Enabling partners, customers and end-users to extend the functionality ofSAP and build own user experiences.

Orchestration

To ensure that all these layers fit together perfectly, an orchestration layer thatworks across all applications within a customer landscape is required. Therefore,SAP plans to continue to invest in the areas of lifecycle management, master



data management, and process orchestration. The goal is to reduce the costof ownership continuously and to help ensure data consistency and processmanagement across multiple layers of applications.

Offers for Companies of All SizesSAP offers a vast range of products for companies of all sizes. SAP has scalableproducts, ensuring that they can be adjusted to any size and adaptable to thecontinuously changing processes of a company.

Figure 2: Different Sizes Different Products

The following offerings are available to small and mid size business customers:

SAP Business One

SAP Business One is a comprehensive, integrated ERP application with aninterface similar to Windows, which has been developed specifically for small andmidsize companies. It distinguishes itself by simple navigation and expansionoptions, innovative Drag&Relate functions as well as integration with MicrosoftWord and Excel. The software enables you to uniformly manage the mostimportant business areas such as sales, distribution and finances with one single,integrated application. This enables SAP Business One to provide an up-to-dateoverview of your company's most important data at any time. This informationhelps you meet customer requirements even more quickly, which is an importantprerequisite for profitable growth.

SAP Business One is the ideal solution for small companies with up to 100employees who are looking for an affordable system that covers their coreprocesses (such as finance, sales, customer service and operations), thus ensuringsuccessful and profitable operations. The solution can be used as a local softwareor hosted by a partner with an average implementation time of less than twomonths. SAP Business One is sold exclusively through a global partner network



of currently 1,150 certified and experienced partners. They offer 24 hour support,which also covers the more than 550 enhancements from independent softwareproviders. SAP Business One is currently being used by more than 20,000customers in over 40 countries.

Note: For more information, go to http://www.sap.com/solu-tions/sme/businessone.

SAP Business ByDesign

SAP Business ByDesign is SAP's latest solution for small and midsize companieswith between 100 and 500 employees, who want to use an on-demand solution toimprove their core processes and at the same time benefit from lower entry andoperating costs. It is aimed, in particular, at midmarket companies who are notyet using integrated business software.

The solution combines the advantages of an integrated, end-to-end applicationwith the low risk potential and the low total operating costs of an on-demandsolution. An on-demand solution that distinguishes itself through integratedservice and support, adaptability and more user friendliness and also guaranteestransparency and the observation of legal requirements all this on the basis of anEnterprise SOA by design. SAP Business ByDesign is the most complete, fullyintegrated on-demand solution. More than a pure niche solution, it supports therequirements of midsize companies in all areas such as effective managementof finances, human resources, projects, production as well as supplier andcustomer relationship management and regional and local legal requirements,and compliance management as core design principles. It was not developedwith the traditional categories of business applications or customer relationshipmanagement and others. Instead, it was developed for business processes in theentire company with user interfaces that are customized to the user roles. SAPBusiness ByDesign offers end-to-end processes for the work center of the future.

Note: For more information, go to http://www.sap.com/solu-tions/sme/businessbydesign.

SAP Business All-in-One

All software has to be adapted to the specific company. A midsize company withfew employees and comparatively stable processes can use preconfigured SAPsystems. SAP All-in-One is the brand name for vertical (industry-specific orcountry-specific) applications that are based on the technology of SAP NetWeaverand were developed in conjunction with SAPs' partners.

SAP Business All-in-One is the ideal solution for small and midsize companies(up to 2,500 employees) with very industry-specific requirements who haveseveral divisions and a mature IT infrastructure. The software lets you deploy coreenterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM),



and business intelligence functionality. It also allows you to leverage the bestpractices of industry leaders all at an affordable fixed price on a platform yourbusiness will not outgrow.

The solution can be used as a local software or hosted by a partner and it is basedon a variety of SAP products (with a focus on SAP ERP, SAP CRM and the SAPBusiness Objects Portfolio). It provides an industry-specific function portfoliobased on SAP Best Practices. SAP Business All-in-One is affordable and canbe planned and, thanks to preconfigured business scenarios and implementationaccelerators, it can be implemented quickly (8 to 16 weeks).

Today more than 13,000 small and midsize customers in more than 50 countriesrun SAP Business All-in-One. You can rest assured that SAP, as one of the worldsleading providers of business software, will be around for a long time to come.More than 1,000 SAP partners around the world deliver local implementation andcustomization support for SAP Business All-in-One, giving you access to expertassistance no matter where you are located.

Note: For more information, go to http://www.sap.com/solu-tions/sme/businessallinone.

Profile of SAP's SME Solutions

The following table shows a comparison of SAP's offerings for small businessesand midsize companies:

SAP Business One SAP BusinessByDesign

SAP BusinessAll-in-One

Overview A single, integratedapplication tomanage an entirebusiness

Single, integratedbusinessmanagementsolution deliveredas software as aservice (SaaS)

A comprehensive,integrated industrysolution to power abusiness end to end

Best fit forcompaniesthat...

Have outgrownpackagedaccountingonlysoftware and needto replace multiple,nonintegratedapplications

Need to replacepoint solutions,manual processes,and spreadsheets

Have outgrownpoint solutions,legacy or customapplications,or current ERPsoftware

Have currentsolutions thatmay not meetindustry-specific



SAP Business One SAP BusinessByDesign


requirements or thatlack cross-borderfunctionality

Are experiencingincreasing businessprocess complexityand need systemsthat can scale tomeet growth plans

Companysize

Up to 100 100500 Up to 2,500

Availability Available in 40countries, 20languages

Available in theUnited States,Germany, France,the UnitedKingdom, China,and India

Available in 50countries

IT staff andcapabilities

Have limited oroutsourced ITresources

Have limited oroutsourced ITresources

Have in-house ITstaff

Deploy-ment model

On premise orhosted by partner

On demand On premise orhosted by partner

Implemen-tation time

Approximately 68weeks

Approximately 48weeks

Approximately816 weeks

SAP Business Suite in DetailThe SAP Business Suite is an extended family of business applications thatenables companies to manage their entire value chains. The included businessapplications provide users with consistent results throughout the entire companynetwork and give your company the flexibility it needs in today's dynamic marketsituations. The application consists of a number of different products that supportcross-company processes.

Note: For more information, go to http://www.sap.com/solutions/business-suite.

SAP's software portfolio is constantly extended, optimized, and tailored to theneeds of the market and of customers. SAP has therefore, for example, developedmany industry-specific applications over the years. The topic of integrating



different business systems (even from different vendors and across companyboundaries) has become increasingly important recently. Products for small tomidsize businesses have also been added to SAP's family of software solutions.

The SAP Business Suite, a complete business software package that is uniqueworldwide, plays a central role. Many companies are already profiting from thecomprehensive and flexible business applications with highly evolved functions:complete integration, industry-typical functions, unlimited scalability and smoothcollaboration via the internet.

The SAP Business Suite provides:

A complete spectrum of business solutions

A technological infrastructure that combines openness and flexibility withmaturity and stability

Interfaces for integrating non-SAP products

Components that can be adapted to meet multiple business requirements

Numerous industry-specific functions

The next graphic illustrates the key components of the SAP Business Suite:

Figure 3: SAP Business Suite: Architecture

The components that make up SAP Business Suite are described in the followingsections.



Core Applications

The core applications of SAP Business Suite are a set of business applications thatsupport all the essential business processes of an enterprise. They are summarizedhere.

SAP ERP is a market-leading application for optimizing business and IT byreducing IT complexity, increasing adaptability, and delivering more IT valueat a lower cost than traditional enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions.It supports mission-critical, end-to-end business processes for finance, humancapital management, asset management, sales, procurement, and other essentialcorporate functions. SAP ERP also supports industry-specific processes byproviding industry-specific business functions that can be activated selectivelyvia the switch framework, which keeps the application core stable and helps toensure maximum performance.

Hint: For more information see http://www.sap.com/solutions/business-suite/erp.

The SAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM) applicationprovides a comprehensive platform for marketing, sales, and service professionalsto obtain complete customer intelligence that they can leverage to effectivelymanage customers and customer-related processes. SAP CRM enablesmultichannel customer interactions, including mobile smart phones, the internet,and social media, and also offers a dedicated communications infrastructure thathelps to connect all users anytime, anywhere.

Hint: For more information see http://www.sap.com/solutions/business-suite/crm.

The SAP Product Lifecycle Management (SAP PLM) application helpscompanies manage, track, and control all product-related information over thecomplete product and asset lifecycle as well as throughout the extended supplychain. SAP PLM facilitates creativity and frees the process of product innovationfrom organizational constraints.

Hint: For more information see http://www.sap.com/solutions/business-suite/plm.

The SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SAP SRM) application providesa procurement platform that helps organizations in all industries improve theircentralized sourcing and contract management and interact with suppliers through



multiple channels. SAP SRM accelerates and optimizes the entire end-to-endprocure-to-pay process by supporting integrated processes and enforcing contractcompliance, resulting in realizable savings.

Hint: For more information see http://www.sap.com/solutions/business-suite/srm.

The SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM) application allowscompanies to adapt their supply chain processes to an ever-changing competitiveenvironment. SAP SCM transforms traditional supply chains from linear,sequential processes into open, configurable, responsive supply networks inwhich customer-centric, demand-driven companies can sense and respond moreintelligently and more quickly to demand-and-supply dynamics across a globallydistributed environment.

Hint: For more information see http://www.sap.com/solutions/business-suite/scm.

Industry Applications

SAP addresses the requirements of specific business processes for many industriesby complementing the basic business processes common to all large enterprises.Support for these industry-specific processes is delivered as part of SAP ERPor as a separate industry application (for example, the SAP Dealer BusinessManagement application or the SAP Reinsurance Management application) thatintegrates with the other applications of SAP Business Suite. The architecture andbusiness functionality of the industry applications are a result of SAPs in-depthunderstanding of industry-specific business requirements and the resultingbusiness processes. SAP industry portfolios are continuously enhanced by addingnew applications that address the highly specialized business needs of customersin very targeted markets.

The following table lists the industry portfolio (as of Q3 2010):

Industry Sector Industry Portfolio

Discrete Industries SAP for Aerospace & DefenseSAP for AutomotiveSAP for Engineering, Construction & OperationsSAP for High TechSAP for Industrial Machinery & Components

Process Industries SAP for ChemicalsSAP for Life SciencesSAP for Mill ProductsSAP for MiningSAP for Oil & Gas



Industry Sector Industry Portfolio

Consumer Industries SAP for Consumer ProductsSAP for RetailSAP for Wholesale Distribution

Service Industries SAP for MediaSAP for Professional ServicesSAP for TelecommunicationsSAP for Transportation & LogisticsSAP for Utilities

Public Services SAP for Defense & SecuritySAP for HealthcareSAP for Higher Education & ResearchSAP for Public Sector

Financial Services SAP for BankingSAP for Insurance

Supplementary Applications

Supplementary applications include applications that drive specialized businessprocesses common to a large number of industries. They deliver a short time tovalue, appeal to specialized business users, and offer a high degree of processflexibility. Supplementary applications include, for example, manufacturingapplications, SAP solutions for auto-ID and item serialization, and applications formobile business.

SAP NetWeaver

The SAP NetWeaver technology platform is the reliable, secure, and scalablefoundation to run business applications like SAP Business Suite and SAPBusinessObjects applications to help ensure that large enterprises canperform mission-critical business processes. As the technical foundation forservice-oriented architecture, SAP NetWeaver delivers a comprehensive setof middleware functions in a modular software environment with the aim ofreducing IT complexity and increasing business flexibility across heterogeneousIT landscapes. SAP NetWeaver provides IT organizations with the lowest cost ofoperation and best business availability for SAP applications across heterogeneousIT landscapes through unified lifecycle management, identity management, securecommunications, and end-to-end monitoring.

Enhancement Packages

Enhancement packages for innovation without disruption: SAP has a proven wayto continuously deliver innovation for SAP Business Suite and SAP NetWeaverwithout disruption. It comes in the form of enhancement packages that providecollections of new or improved business functions that companies can deployin a modular fashion and on their own timetable. The strategy of enhancement



packages enabling companies to take advantage of ongoing innovations whilekeeping their core software stable was introduced with the SAP ERP 6.0application and has been proven with several enhancement packages since 2006.

All core applications of SAP Business Suite are now enabled for continuousinnovation through enhancement packages. In the future, SAP intends to continueto deliver enhancement packages for the core applications, minimizing the needfor companies to engage in potentially disruptive upgrade projects.

SAP Licensing ModelSAP aims to offer software licenses that provide comprehensive solutions forbusiness scenarios. SAP has therefore grouped applications that support corebusiness processes into solution portfolios that serve the needs of customers in 24industries. Each application within a portfolio has a clear connection to one ormore business scenarios of the respective industry solution map provided by SAP.

Figure 4: SAP Licensing Model

SAP licenses its software through a combination of package licenses andnamed user licenses. Package licenses entitle a licensee to deploy and use thespecified software functionality, provided that the appropriate users accessingthe functionality are licensed as well. Every user accessing the package licenseneeds to have the appropriate named user license. SAP offers several user



categories that depend on the role of the individual user. Additionally, some SAPBusinessObjects solutions may be licensed flexibly based on number of users andother metrics dependent on the solution.

There are three main categories in SAPs license portfolio: SAP Business Suite(including industry portfolios, enterprise extensions, and enterprise foundation),SAP BusinessObjects solutions, and SAP NetWeaver. For each category, SAPoffers a set of package licenses that permit the use of the respective software.Note that the three main categories correspond to the main sections of SAPsprice list they do not necessarily correspond to the technical solution view. Forexample, a package license for SAP Business Suite may include use rights forapplication components that, from a technical solution perspective, are branded asSAP NetWeaver.

Context of Applications and ComponentsNumerous applications for business challenges are provided in the context ofthe SAP Business Suite. However, many applications have similar or identicalrequirements for business functions in subareas. Different applications thereforecontain similar (software) components in parts. A component is the smallest,separately producible, deliverable, installable, and maintainable software unit.

Components refer to, for example, an SAP ECC system, an SAP SCM system oralso an SAP NetWeaver Portal system. The graphic provides an overview ofthis hierarchy (components as building blocks of solutions) using the SAP SCMapplication as the example.

Figure 5: Applications and Components



Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:



Related Information

For more information, see the following SAP internet sites. All of these sites arefreely available, a few require you to register free of charge.

Global SAP Homepage, http://www.sap.com

SAP Help Portal, http://help.sap.com

SAP Service Marketplace, https://service.sap.com

SAP Info, http://www.sap.info

SAP Insider Online, http://www.sapinsideronline.com


TAW10_1 Lesson: SAP Release Strategy

Lesson: SAP Release Strategy

Lesson OverviewThis lesson explains what phases your SAP solution runs through over time untilthe next upgrade to a higher release as well as what maintenance duration isguaranteed for SAP products.





Business ExampleYou want up-to-date information about the availability of releases of SAPsolutions, in order to be able to make a good decision with regard to the purchaseor upgrade of an SAP solution.

Availability and DeliveryThe SAP release and maintenance strategy determines the availability of new SAPsoftware releases (including releases or enhancement packages of SAP BusinessSuite, SAP NetWeaver, and the SAP BusinessObjects portfolio), the length andconditions of their maintenance, and the dependencies between individual releases.

Shipments of SAP releases and corresponding enhancement packages aregenerally introduced into the market in two (or three) shipment phases: (beta),restricted and unrestricted.



Figure 6: Phases of Software Delivery by SAP

Beta Shipment Phase

In some cases, a beta shipment may be offered prior to the restricted shipmentphase (before the release-to-customer date). Beta shipments may be used fortesting purposes only. They are not available for productive use.

Restricted Shipment Phase

New software releases are only available to a restricted number of customerswhose increase is controlled. The Release to Customer date marks the start ofthe restricted shipment phase.

During the restricted shipment phase, the new software release passes through astandardized process, the Ramp-Up. Characteristics of the ramp-up process are:

Ramp-up is the name for the market introduction process of new products ornew releases of SAP software.

The software can be used for a productive implementation.

During the ramp-up, the software is only available for a limited circle ofcustomers, customers apply to SAP to participate in a ramp-up.

The ramp-up serves to take customer wishes into consideration before therespective SAP software is generally available.

Participants in the ramp-up are given direct contact to the SAP developmentand are provided with wide support in implementing the SAP software.

A ramp-up usually takes about 6 months.

Note: For more information about the ramp-up, see SAP ServiceMarketplace, Quick Link /rampup.



Unrestricted Shipment Phase

With the successful conclusion of the SAP Ramp-Up program, the unrestrictedshipment phase of an SAP release begins on the default release date. After thedefault release date all customers can request the new software without restrictions.

The respective latest, generally available version of SAP software is called DefaultRelease. When SAP customers order software from SAP, they are usually giventhe current default release.

MaintenanceYour maintenance contract includes Support Packages, which are provided by SAPvia the SAP Service Marketplace. Support Packages solve (component-dependent)problems that can result when using the SAP software. SAP provides theseSupport Packages at certain intervals.

The SAP Maintenance Strategy

Figure 7: The SAP Maintenance Strategy

A 512 maintenance strategy was introduced in 2004. It supported alignedmaintenance phases between SAP releases. In continuing to provide a strong,reliable support structure for some of the industrys leading solutions, SAPextended its 512 strategy to 7-2: seven years of mainstream maintenance, withan additional option for two years of extended maintenance.

We distinguish the following three phases of maintenance:

Mainstream maintenance

Mainstream maintenance starts from the "release to customer" date andgenerally ends after 7 years (covering the restricted and unrestricted shipmentphases).



Extended maintenance

Customers can extend the support period (in which corrections or legalchanges are taken into account) for an increased maintenance fee.

The scope of support for the entire extended maintenance period is similarto the scope of support provided during mainstream maintenance. SAPpublishes information on the availability and scope of extended maintenancein advance.

Customer-specific maintenance

From a certain point in time during the lifecycle of a release, this releaseis no longer adjusted to meet external requirements. Such requirementsare, for example, the implementation of legal changes or the support ofnew technologies. The time in question is marked by the end of extendedmaintenance or the end of mainstream maintenance, if no extendedmaintenance is offered. Customer-specific maintenance starts at this pointin time.

A release enters into customer-specific maintenance automatically. Thereis no need to apply for an additional contract. During this phase, customersreceive support services similar to those offered in the mainstreammaintenance phase, with some restrictions. For example, SAP does notdeliver new support packages or updates to cover legal changes, andtechnology updates are limited. Problem resolution is customer specific,which means customers are charged for solving problems not yet knownto SAP.

Note: See SAP Service Marketplace, Quick Link /maintenance foradditional information on the maintenance strategy. SAP Note 52505 dealsspecifically with the particularities of customer-specific maintenance.

UpgradeSAP provides upgrade paths for SAP releases and the corresponding contentreleases and provides access to upgrade procedures to the current release.Usually customers can upgrade directly from one release to any other subsequentSAP release as long as the releases are in the mainstream maintenance phase.Depending on technological constraints, an upgrade to a release that is severalreleases removed from a customers current release may have to be performedin more than one step.

To facilitate smooth upgrades, SAP provides a sufficient overlap of two successivereleases to make sure that the time in which customers may upgrade from onerelease to the next is at least one year for SAP releases. For content releases, theoverlap is at least six months. This helps ensure that the window customers haveto upgrade from one release to the next is sufficient.

Note: For more information on upgrade, see SAP Service Marketplace,Quick Link /upgrade.



History of Selected Software ComponentsThis section provides a bit of history of a few selected software components.

Technical Basis (Application Server)

Back in the days when SAP basically offered two products (SAP R/2 and SAPR/3), the development of the (technical) basis was closely linked to applicationdevelopment. The release names of the SAP Basis corresponded to the SAP R/3version, for example, SAP Basis 4.0B was the technical basis for SAP R/3 4.0B.

Around the turn of the millennium, the SAP portfolio grew significantly, newproducts were created that required more frequent changes and enhancements ofthe SAP Basis than SAP R/3. This marks the transition from the classic SAP Basis(last version: SAP Basis 4.6D) to SAP Web Application Server (SAP Web AS).New internet technologies (Internet Communication Manager from SAP Web AS6.10 onwards) and the supplementing of the classical ABAP environment withJava/JEE (from SAP Web AS 6.20 onwards) were important milestones.

SAP Web AS 6.40 forms the technical basis (application platform) of SAPNetWeaver 2004. SAP NetWeaver offers extensive capabilities (such as BusinessWarehouse), which are all based on the application platform. From SAPNetWeaver 7.0 (previously: SAP NetWeaver 2004s) the names and releaseswere adapted further, so now SAP NetWeaver 7.0 is based on SAP NetWeaverApplication Server (SAP NetWeaver AS).

Central ERP Functions

The following graphic shows the historical development for the current SAP ERPCentral Component (ECC 6.0):



Figure 8: Evolution from SAP R/3 via SAP R/3 Enterprise to SAP ECC

As already mentioned, in times of SAP R/3, the technical basis and applicationdevelopment were interlinked, up to and including SAP R/3 4.6C.

With SAP R/3 Enterprise (4.7), which is based on SAP Web AS 6.20, the conceptof SAP R/3 Enterprise Extensions was introduced.

A central application (previously: solution) of the SAP Business Suite is SAPERP for Enterprise Resource Planning. The central software component of SAPERP is SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC). SAP ECC 5.00 can thusbe considered the technical successor of SAP R/3 Enterprise and is based onan SAP Web AS 6.40. At the time of creating this documentation, the currentversion is SAP ERP 6.0 (previously: SAP ERP 2005), which also includes anSAP ECC 6.00 (that operates on the basis of SAP NetWeaver AS 7.00) and othercomponents. Functional enhancements for the different software components aremade available through enhancement packages.

SAP NetWeaver AS 7.1x or 7.2x is not used as the technical basis for an SAP ECCsystem. Other SAP NetWeaver components, such as SAP NetWeaver ProcessIntegration (PI) and SAP NetWeaver Composition Environment (CE) requirethis SAP NetWeaver AS release level.



Exercise 1: SAP Release Strategy

Exercise ObjectivesAfter completing this exercise, you will be able to:

Name some information sources of the SAP Service Marketplace

Business ExampleYou want to determine the standard maintenance period for the SAP ERP 6.0application and the point in time at which the next Support Package Stack willbe available.

Task: Maintenance InformationDetermine some maintenance information via the SAP Service Marketplace.

You use the SAP Service Marketplace to find out the end of the standardmaintenance for the SAP ERP 6.0 application and to find out when the nextSupport Package Stack for the applications in your SAP ERP 6.0 system willbe released.

Hint: This exercise requires a registered user on the SAP ServiceMarketplace.

1. When does the mainstream maintenance for the SAP ERP 6.0 applicationend?

2. When is the next Support Package Stack for SAP NetWeaver 7.0Enhancement Package 1 scheduled?



Solution 1: SAP Release Strategy

Task: Maintenance InformationDetermine some maintenance information via the SAP Service Marketplace.

You use the SAP Service Marketplace to find out the end of the standardmaintenance for the SAP ERP 6.0 application and to find out when the nextSupport Package Stack for the applications in your SAP ERP 6.0 system willbe released.

Hint: This exercise requires a registered user on the SAP ServiceMarketplace.

1. When does the mainstream maintenance for the SAP ERP 6.0 applicationend?

a) Look at these addresses

https://service.sap.com/releasestrategy

https://service.sap.com/pam

to answer the question: 31. December 2015.

2. When is the next Support Package Stack for SAP NetWeaver 7.0Enhancement Package 1 scheduled?

a) Look at this address

https://service.sap.com/sp-stacks

to answer the question: Choose the SP Stacks Maintenance schedulelink at the left and determine the planned calendar week.



Lesson Summary





Related Information

SAP Service Marketplace, Quick Links

/releasestrategy

/rampup

/maintenance

/upgrade



Lesson: SAP NetWeaver

Lesson OverviewThis lesson explains the central role of the SAP NetWeaver Application Server inSAP NetWeaver.




Business ExampleYou want to find out more about SAP NetWeaver and the role that the SAPNetWeaver Application Server (SAP NetWeaver AS) plays in SAP NetWeaver.

SAP NetWeaverThe SAP NetWeaver technology platform is the reliable, secure, and scalablefoundation to run business applications like SAP Business Suite and SAPBusinessObjects applications to help ensure that large enterprises canperform mission-critical business processes. As the technical foundation forservice-oriented architecture, SAP NetWeaver delivers a comprehensive setof middleware functions in a modular software environment with the aim ofreducing IT complexity and increasing business flexibility across heterogeneousIT landscapes. SAP NetWeaver provides IT organizations with the lowest cost ofoperation and best business availability for SAP applications across heterogeneousIT landscapes through unified lifecycle management, identity management, securecommunications, and end-to-end monitoring.

NetWeaver provides customers with a flexible way to integrate and extendbusiness processes that run across SAP, SAP -certified partner, and custom-builtapplications by delivering prebuilt integration content and enterprise services, withrapid deployment supported by model-driven tools. With support for businessprocess management, mission-critical business processes can be monitored forefficiency, integrity, and security. Business users can also use SAP NetWeaverto define business rules to help ensure consistent processes across the businessnetwork.

SAP NetWeaver integrates and connects people, information and businessprocesses across technologies and companies. It enables companies to adjustto changes quickly. SAP NetWeaver ensures that a company's crucial businessprocesses are reliable, safe and scaleable. Furthermore, SAP NetWeaver enablescompanies to maximize the benefits from the current software and systems.Non-uniform integration technologies are consolidated and predefined business


TAW10_1 Lesson: SAP NetWeaver

content is provided thus reducing the amount of manual work required. SAPNetWeaver is based on a technology using industry standards and can be enhancedwith popular development tools.

IT Practices and IT Scenarios

Figure 9: SAP NetWeaver: Technoloy Map Edition 2010

SAP NetWeaver enables you to implement IT processes in a range of solutionmethods, called IT practices. For each practice, SAP NetWeaver supports a rangeof key IT activities, which can be performed using the integrated components ofthe platform. The focus here is not on system and technological components buton the IT and business goals of the company. IT practices enable you to reach yourcompany's goals in individual and manageable projects, that is, in sequential stepsand according to their importance. IT practices refer to, for example, the increaseof user productivity through improved, cross-company collaboration, personalizedaccess to applications and data and optimized knowledge management. ITpractices show how SAP NetWeaver can be used to solve certain IT problemsby means of IT scenarios. For each IT practice, SAP NetWeaver suppliescorresponding IT scenarios, which act as implementation guides.

The aim of the IT scenarios is to help you as a customer, partner or serviceprovider with the installation, configuration and operation of SAP NetWeaver aswell as the operation of SAP applications, customer-specific applications and theimplementation of your defined IT scenarios.



SAP NetWeaver Layers and Key Capabilities

Figure 10: SAP NetWeaver: Key Capabilities

People Integration

People Integration brings together the right functionality and the rightinformation to the right people.

Multi-channel access: SAP NetWeaver Mobile Provides afuture-proof mobile runtime environment based on open and flexibletechnology standards and a powerful development environment forbuilding integrated mobile solutions with native or browser-baseduser interfaces

Portal: SAP NetWeaver Portal Unifies critical information andapplications to give users role-based views that span the enterprise,enabling you to take full advantage of your information resources

Collaboration: With the collaboration capabilities, SAP NetWeaverallows communication and collaboration in the portal. This allows SAPNetWeaver to bring together members of project groups regardless oftime and of their geographic location. Users can use virtual rooms forcommon access and organization of documents, applications, and ideas.



Information Integration

Information integration provides your company with both structured andunstructured information that is consistent and accessible: Users haveconstant access to consistent information, no matter where it is stored.

Business Intelligence: SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse Enablesyou to integrate data from across the enterprise and transform it intopractical, timely business information to drive sound decision making

Knowledge Management: With its Knowledge Managementcapabilities, SAP NetWeaver Portal provides a central, role-specificpoint of entry to unstructured information from various data sources.This unstructured information can exist in different formats such as textdocuments, presentations, or HTML files.

Master Data Management: SAP NetWeaver Master DataManagement Ensures cross-system data consistency and helpsintegrate business processes across the extended value chain

Process Integration

SAP NetWeaver Process Integration Delivers SOA-based technology thatsupports process-centric integration across the extended value chain

Integration Broker: With the Integration Broker, integrationknowledge is shipped in the form of pre-defined integration scenarios.Furthermore, the Integration Broker provides a set of integrated toolsfor creating and managing all integration-relevant information

Business Process Management: Provides tools to help you model,execute, and monitor business processes based on a single, consistentprocess model

Application Platform

The SAP NetWeaver Application Server provides a complete developmentinfrastructure on which you can develop, distribute, and executeplatform-independent, robust, and scalable Web services and businessapplications.

J2EE: Support for Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) fordeveloping Java-based business applications

ABAP: ABAP is a programming language developed by SAP todevelop business applications.

DB and OS Abstraction: The SAP NetWeaver Application Serversupports a variety of databases and operating systems

Beyond these four layers and in parallel to them, SAP NetWeaver offers LifecycleManagement and the Composite Application Framework:



Lifecycle Management

Lifecycle Management supports design, development, deployment andchange management of the entire solution and thus meets the requirementsin the security, design and modeling, testing and systems environmentmanagement areas.

Composite Application Framework

The Composite Application Framework (CAF) is integrated into SAPNetWeaver and enables SAP and its partner to use tools, frameworks, rulesand methods to create new applications that are based on business processesacross function areas.

SAP NetWeaver Application Server (SAP NetWeaverAS)Almost every SAP system is based on SAP NetWeaver AS and uses it as theruntime environment. Together with the database, SAP NetWeaver AS is theapplication platform of SAP NetWeaver.

Figure 11: SAP NetWeaver AS as the Basis for SAP Systems



Figure 12: SAP NetWeaver Application Server

SAP NetWeaver AS is the logical result of the further development of theSAP Application Server Technology (previously: SAP Basis), whereby specialattention is paid to web-based applications.

SAP NetWeaver AS offers:

A reliable and extensively tested runtime environment, which has beendeveloped further continuously over more than ten years

A framework for executing complex business processes that meet the highestsecurity standards

A reliable and user-friendly development environment

Support for open standards, including HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, WebDAV,SOAP, SSL, SSO, X.509, Unicode, HTML, XML and WML

High scalability

Support for different operating system and database platforms



Since the applications delivered by SAP do not always require both runtimeenvironments, that is, ABAP and Java, there are different installation options forSAP NetWeaver AS. These are:

SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP: Complete infrastructure in which ABAP-basedapplications can be developed and used.

SAP NetWeaver AS Java: Complete infrastructure in which J2EE-conformapplications can be developed and used.

SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP+Java (dual stack): Complete infrastructure inwhich ABAP-based and J2EE-based applications can be developed and used.



Lesson Summary




Related Information

http://www.sap.com/netweaver

SAP Developer Network, Quick Link /irj/sdn/nw-products

SAP Developer Network, Quick Link /irj/sdn/nw-70, path IT Practices andIT Scenarios SAP NetWeaver 7.0


Unit Summary TAW10_1

Unit SummaryYou should now be able to:









TAW10_1 Test Your Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

1. SAP guarantees certain maintenance periods for SAP NetWeaver-basedproducts. The mainstream maintenance can be extended by paying increasedmaintenance fees. For how many years does SAP maintain a product intotal, by default?


Test Your Knowledge TAW10_1

Answers

1. SAP guarantees certain maintenance periods for SAP NetWeaver-basedproducts. The mainstream maintenance can be extended by paying increasedmaintenance fees. For how many years does SAP maintain a product intotal, by default?

Answer: The software product is maintained for a maximum of 9 years(7 + 2).


Unit 2Navigation

Unit OverviewIn this unit, you will learn how to use the SAP GUI to navigate in SAP systems.You will also learn how to get help when you are working in SAP systems.

Unit ObjectivesAfter completing this unit, you will be able to:

Log on to the system successfully

List some variants of the SAP GUI

Log off from the system successfully

Use various methods to start SAP system functions

Create a list of favorites

Use the help functions

Describe the standard menus System and Help.

Unit ContentsLesson: Navigation in General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Procedure: Changing the Initial Password ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Procedure: Changing the Changed Password Again.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Procedure: Log off via the Menu Bar .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Exercise 2: Logon and Screen Design ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Lesson: Advanced Navigation in the SAP GUI ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Exercise 3: Calling Functions ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61


Unit 2: Navigation TAW10_1

Lesson: Navigation in General

Lesson OverviewThis lesson provides an overview of the different navigation options in SAPsystems and you learn basic navigation commands using the SAP GUI forWindows as the example.





Business ExampleYou want to find out which options are available to your users to access SAPsystems.

Different User Interfaces in the SAP EnvironmentThere are numerous different types of SAP systems, such as classical ERPsystems, but there are also other system types like Portal or Business InformationWarehouse systems, for example. Depending on what they are used for, thesedifferent system types do offer rather different user interfaces.

The following list names some frequently used access technologies, which endusers of these systems (so not technicians) use frequently.

Examples of Different Access Technologies for a Small Selection ofSAP System Types

SAP Product Typical Access Technology

SAP ERP (with SAPECC)

SAP GUI for Windows (GUI = Graphical UserInterface)

SAP NetWeaverBusiness Warehouse7.0

Browser-based interface (different browsers possible)BEx Analyzer (additionally requires Excel on thefront-end)

SAP BusinessByDesign

Browser-based interface (different browsers possible)


SAP NetWeaver Business Client


TAW10_1 Lesson: Navigation in General

Note, that the above list does not cover all SAP products are and that not allpossible (!) access technologies are listed in all cases. For example, an SAP ECCsystem can also be accessed by browser or using the SAP GUI for Java; SAPNetWeaver Business Warehouse is also accessible by SAP GUI for Windows,and so on.

The following display is limited to the most popular access technology, the SAPGUI.

The presentation interface, SAP GUI (Graphical User Interface) enables the userto interact with the SAP system and enter or display data.

SAP GUI implements the graphical user interface using the functions provided bythe relevant presentation environment. SAP GUI is based on the Windows StyleGuide and is available for several platforms, providing the same functions foreach. If you learned to use SAP GUI on one platform, you can use the system onanother platform exactly the same as before, with the exception of a few smallplatform-specific GUI attributes. There are different variants of the SAP GUI,which can all be operated in the same way, irrespective of the underlying platform.

The following types of SAP GUI are available:

SAP GUI for the Windows environment

SAP GUI for the Java Environment

SAP GUI for HTML

Note: In the above list, the official terms of the SAP GUI are used; theseare only available in English. Colloquially, the following terms are usedsynonymously (in the same order): SAP GUI for Windows, Java GUI andWeb GUI. Note, that these are not the official SAP terms but are usedfrequently nonetheless.

Caution: The above variants of the SAP GUI are suitable only forworking with ABAP-based SAP systems (including the SAP GUI for theJava Environment).

Java-based SAP applications are accessed using a browser.

SAP GUI for the Windows environment (abbreviated to SAP GUI for Windows)is the SAP GUI implementation in a Microsoft Windows environment. SAP GUIfor Windows is written in C or C++, runs on Windows-based platforms, andsupports all transactions in an SAP system.

The data flow between the presentation layer and the application layer does notconsist of prepared screens, but rather of logical, compact information aboutcontrol elements and user input (DIAG protocol). The volume of data transferredfor each screen change is generally a few KB. You can therefore also easilyconnect presentation servers over WANs.



SAP GUI for the Java Environment (abbreviated to: SAP GUI for Java) is writtenin Java and is the platform-independent implementation of SAP GUI. Like SAPGUI for the Windows environment, this GUI also uses the DIAG protocol, so thevolume of data transferred for each screen change is also generally only a few KBand you can easily connect presentation servers over WANs.

You can either install SAP GUI on the front end, or alternatively you can install iton a terminal server and access it using terminal clients.

SAP GUI for HTML consists of the Internet Transaction Server (ITS) in theApplication Server ABAP (short: AS ABAP) on the server side and a Webbrowser on the client side. The ITS is required to convert the SAP GUI data flowalready in the AS ABAP into HTML and back. In this case, an HTML data streamis exchanged between the Internet Communication Manager of the AS ABAP andthe front-end. The primary advantage of the SAP GUI for HTML is the simplerinstallation on the front-end; a browser installation suffices.

The following graphic shows the various alternatives and the flow ofcommunication with the AS ABAP dispatcher.



Figure 13: Alternative types of SAP GUI

Note: You can find further information on the various SAP GUIalternatives in the following SAP Notes:

SAP Note 66971: front-end platforms supported

SAP Note 314568: functions not available with SAP GUI for HTML

SAP Note 146505: SAP GUI for the Java environment

SAP Note 138869: SAP GUI on the Windows Terminal Server

Logging on to the SystemMost of the solutions shipped by SAP can be accessed using the SAP GUI (SAPGraphical User Interface). For the sake of simplicity, further descriptions refer tothe SAP GUI for the Windows environment.

SAP provides another program for starting the front-end: SAP Logon. When youcall up SAP Logon, it displays a list of SAP systems for which you can start thelogon process. This list is taken from a file on the front end: saplogon.ini. Thisfile is usually centrally preconfigured and provided for end users.

During logon, the SAP Logon program also enables logon load distributionusing the resources available for the system selected.



Figure 14: The SAP Logon program

When logging on to an SAP system, you are prompted to enter the user andpassword, among other things. If you have implemented a Single Sign-On (SSO)solution, you may not need to enter this information. When you log on, youalso select a certain client of the SAP system; this field is usually already filledappropriately.

Hint: A client represents a company in an SAP system. This meansthat if an SAP system has several clients, then several companies canbe represented and simultaneously active in that system. The client hasa corresponding key field in the tables of the database used by that SAPsystem. When working in a client, you only have access to businessdata from the same client. Clients therefore correspond to independentbusiness entities.

When logging on, you can select a logon language supported by that system. SAPsystems can support a large number of languages, the minimum being Englishand one other selected language. The number of installed languages determineswhich languages your system supports.

On the logon screen, you also have the option of using the New passwordpushbutton to change your password, at the most once per day.

Your system administrator can add additional text to your logon screen. To do so,follow the SAP-Hinweis 205487 - Eigener Text auf dem SAPGui Anmeldebild.

Note: SAP Notes contain detailed information on certain functions orcorrections for known errors in SAP products. You can access SAP Notesthrough, for example, the SAP Service Marketplace on the Internet, usinga valid user (S-user) and password: http://service.sap.com/notes.



In the course of one logon to a system, you can work in several sessions(processing windows of an SAP system) simultaneously. Your systemadministrator can use a system parameter to define how many sessions arepermissible for each logon to the SAP system. For more details see theSAP-Hinweis 12466 - Anmeldebeschrnkungen im R/3.

Figure 15: The logon screen for an SAP system

User data is stored in the system by client, that is, you can, for instance, log onto client 100 in your system, but you will not have a user for client 200, even ifyour system has a client 200. The data for a particular user within a client iscalled the user master record.

Multiple logons to SAP systems are logged. This is for reasons of both securityand licensing. If the same user logs on more than once, then for each subsequentlogon, the system displays a warning message that offers the user the followingthree options:

Close all existing session(s) and log on again

Keep existing session(s) open, and open an additional session (this isrecorded in the log).

Terminate this logon



Changing the PasswordUse the initial password assigned to you when you log on to the system for thefirst time. During the first logon, you are prompted to save a changed password.For security reasons it makes sense to change the password occasionally.



Changing the Initial Password

1. Enter your new password twice, whereby you activate both input fields insequence by means of mouse-click or tab button. Note that numerous rulesregarding the structure of a password can be set up for your system.

Figure 16: Dialog Box for Changing the Password

2. Finally, choose to save your new password.



Changing the Changed Password AgainPrerequisites

Hint: Users can change their password no more than once a day on theinitial screen. In contrast, user administrators with authorization fortransaction SU01 can change a user's password as often as they want.Actually, the administrator can only assign new initial passwords.

Procedure

1. On the logon screen of the SAP system, enter your data and your currentpassword.

2. On the top left, click the New Password pushbutton.

3. Change your password as described above and save your data.

Screen StructureOnce you have logged on successfully, the initial screen of the SAP systemappears; this screen is also known as the SAP Easy Access screen.

The SAP Easy Access screen is the default initial screen in SAP systems. The leftside of the screen contains a tree hierarchy of the menus available to you in theSAP system; you can use the right side of the screen to display your companylogo. This graphic is made available centrally by your system administrator andcannot be customized by individual users.

Figure 17: SAP Easy Access

You can find a detailed description of how to configure the graphic in SAP EasyAccess under Extras Administration information (if you have the correctauthorization). Note that the graphic is stored in the system and transported to the



front end every time a user logs on. Although it is transported in compressed form,the graphic should not exceed 20 KB. You can also prevent the graphic from beingdisplayed by either choosing the setting Low Speed Connection in the SAP Logonprogram (see SAP-Hinweis 161053 - Benutzung des SAPGUI im WAN), or byusing Extras Settings in the SAP Easy Access screen.

A typical screen (with some common elements) appears if you choose System User Profile Own Data and then the Defaults tab page. You see this screenwith the data for your own user:

Figure 18: Screen Elements in SAP GUI

An SAP user interface can contain the following simple screen elements, forexample:

Command field

Menu bar, system function bar, title bar, application toolbar, status bar

Check boxes

Radio buttons

Tab

You can start applications directly by entering their transaction code in thecommand field, which is usually hidden. You can find the transaction code for anapplication either in the overview menu on the SAP Easy Access screen, in thestatus bar (see below), or in the application itself under System Status.



The Menu bar is the top line of any dialog window in the SAP system. Themenus shown here depend on which application you are in. These menus mayalso contain cascading menus.

The pushbuttons in the standard toolbar are shown on every SAP screen.Pushbuttons that you cannot use on that screen are deactivated or hidden. If youplace the cursor over a pushbutton for a short time, the system displays a flagwith the name or function of the pushbutton. If appropriate, the correspondingfunction key setting is also displayed.

The title bar is the function that you are currently in.

The application toolbar shows the pushbuttons available in the application thatyou are currently in.

The Status bar displays information on the current system status, such aswarnings and errors. You can also change the display variant to show, for example,the transaction code of the transaction you are currently in.

Within a field group check boxes allow you to select several options at the sametime.

With radio buttons you can only select one option.

A tab organizes several subscreens to improve clarity.

Input fields and pushbuttons are additional screen elements.

Logging off from the SystemYou should log off the system when you have finished your work in the SAPsystem. You have several options for doing this:



Log off via the Menu Bar

1. In the menu bar, select System Log off.

Hint: Alternatively, click the yellow arrow in the SAP EasyAccess menu or enter the /nend command in the command field. Ifseveral sessions are open, the yellow arrow only closes the activewindow. The dialog field for logging off only appears in the lastwindow.

Caution: The /nex command immediately terminates your logonwithout querying the dialog windows first. All sessions of yourterminal session are closed and entries that have not been saved arelost!

2. A Log off Dialog Box appears and tells you that you will lose data that hasnot been saved when you log off.

Figure 19: Log off Dialog Box

3. To log off, choose Yes.

Hint: From the perspective of the Windows operating system, anSAP session is a normal application. Hence, you can also close SAPsessions with the means of the operating system, such as by usingthe key combination Alt+F4. When you close the last window ofyour session, the dialog box is also displayed.



Exercise 2: Logon and Screen Design

Exercise ObjectivesAfter completing this exercise, you will be able to:

Use the SAP GUI for Windows to logon to the SAP system and navigate

Business ExampleYou want to work in an SAP system.

Task: Logging on to the System and Initial TasksLog on to the training system and carry out some basic exercises in the system.The menu paths refer to the SAP standard menu.

Hint: Use the logon data provided by your instructor.

1. Start the SAP Logon program and create a new entry according to theinformation given by your instructor. Choose the Logon pushbutton.

Enter the client, user name, initial password, and logon language suppliedby the instructor. When you log on for the first time, enter a new passwordof your choice twice in the window that appears.

2. What is the maximum number of parallel sessions (windows of the SAPsystem) that you can open using System Create Session?

3. What is the name of the function you reach if you choose Tools Administration Monitor System Monitoring User Overview? Whattransaction code could you use to call this transaction instead of the menu?



Solution 2: Logon and Screen Design

Task: Logging on to the System and Initial TasksLog on to the training system and carry out some basic exercises in the system.The menu paths refer to the SAP standard menu.

Hint: Use the logon data provided by your instructor.

1. Start the SAP Logon program and create a new entry according to theinformation given by your instructor. Choose the Logon pushbutton.

Enter the client, user name, initial password, and logon language suppliedby the instructor. When you log on for the first time, enter a new passwordof your choice twice in the window that appears.

a) Follow the instructions in the exercise.

2. What is the maximum number of parallel sessions (windows of the SAPsystem) that you can open using System Create Session?

a) This training system should allow you to open up to 6 sessions.

3. What is the name of the function you reach if you choose Tools Administration Monitor System Monitoring User Overview? Whattransaction code could you use to call this transaction instead of the menu?

a) The function is called User List (see the entry in the title bar). Youcan find the relevant transaction code using System Status; in thiscase, the code is SM04.

You can also choose to display the transaction code for an activetransaction in the status bar.

Alternatively, you can permanently display the transaction codes in theSAP Easy Access menu. Choose Menu bar Extras Settings andactivate the field Display Technical Names.

A fourth option would be to display the details by choosing Menu Bar Extras Technical details. For this, the corresponding menu entrywould first have to be selected with the mouse.



Lesson Summary





Related Information

For more information, see the following online documentation: Help SAPLibrary Introduction to the SAP System.



Lesson: Advanced Navigation in the SAP GUI

Lesson OverviewIn this lesson you learn about various ways of calling functions in SAP systems.In addition, different selection options and help functions are introduced. Finally,you learn about how to work with list outputs.


Use various methods to start SAP system functions

Create a list of favorites

Use the help functions

Describe the standard menus System and Help.

Business ExampleYou want to know how functions can be started in the SAP system and what helpthe system provides you with.

User Menu and SAP MenuThe SAP Access menu is automatically displayed after logging on; it representsthe standard access point to an SAP system for the SAP GUI for Windows.The navigation bar in the left part of the screen contains a clear tree structure,consisting of menu options and favorites' entries. You can adjust the favorites' areain particular to your needs. The entries of the SAP menus and the user menus canonly be changed by system administrators.


TAW10_1 Lesson: Advanced Navigation in the SAP GUI

Figure 20: Favorites list and user menu

The end user can switch from the role-based user menu to the SAP standard menu(if the system settings allow this).

Hint: System administrators can use table USERS_SSM to determinewhether or not users are allowed to switch between the SAP menu andtheir user menus. If both menus are disallowed, then the user menu is stilldisplayed. The availability of the user or SAP menu does not affect auser's authorizations. This means that a user can always call authorizedfunctions using a transaction code, independent of the menu structure.

The role-based user menu is created on the basis of the role(s) assigned to the userand transferred to the front end. This means that it makes sense to keep roles assmall as possible because large roles could take a long time to transfer to thefront end in certain circumstances. If a user has several roles assigned, then somefunctions can be repeated in different parts of the role-based user menu. If you donot want these to appear twice, see SAP-Hinweis 357693 - Redundanzvermeidungim Easy Access (and the other notes listed therein) for information on identifyingand deleting duplicates, and related questions.

Hint: As long as you have the appropriate authorization, you can alsodisplay user menus other than the ones assigned to you in your user masterrecord. To do this, choose Other menu. Use Create role to start the rolemaintenance transaction, PFCG.



The user and SAP menus can be structured in a pretty complex way. It is thendifficult to remember the exact path for the transaction you are looking for. As longas the transaction has not been copied into the favorite area, you can find it moreeasily with special search transactions. The transactions SEARCH_SAP_MENUand SEARCH_USER_MENU search the corresponding menus for the predefinedtext pattern. The search result is prepared in a list view from which you can takethe navigation path. The transactions found cannot be started directly with adouble-click.

Favorites ManagementIn addition to the area menu or SAP menu, the user is also provided with functionsin the favorites' area. Links to frequently used transactions, web links or files canbe stored in the favorites' area.

The favorites list thus contains references to SAP system functions or links tointernet content or to files on the end user's front-end computer. The favoriteslist, which is initially empty, can be edited by each end user in accordance withhis or her preferences; you can only view your own favorites list. Since data onthe favorites is stored within the SAP system, each user might have differentcollections of favorites in different systems.

Hint: Complete favorites menus, incl. the folder structures, can be easilycopied by uploading or downloading from one SAP system to another. Thedownloaded favorites menus are stored temporarily on the front-end PC.

To improve the structuring, sort the favorites in own folders. You can edit favoritesin the SAP Easy Access screen using the menu option Favorites.

The Favorites menu gives you the option of adding a function from the user (orSAP) menu to your personal favorites list by selecting the function and choosingFavorites Add. Here, the menu path is also written with the text of the favoritesentry to a limited extent. If you have highlighted a menu option using the mouse,you can copy the selected node in the favorites' area by right-hand mouse click.

Alternatively, you can also drag the elements from the menu area using the mouseand store them in the favorites' area (Drag&Drop). You can add URLs or links tofiles to your list of favorites by choosing Favorites Add other objects. Clickthe triangle symbol to the left of the file symbol to expand or collapse the listof favorites.

Hint: To change the name of a transaction in Favorites, highlight thecorresponding favorites entry and select the menu path Favorites Change. You can change and save the text in the dialog box that opens.


TAW10_1 Lesson: Advanced Navigation in the SAP GUI

You can delete favorites' entries that you no longer need. In doing so, the link tothe corresponding function is deleted from your favorites' list. If you want todelete the entire Favorites menu, highlight the entry Favorites and right-click tocall up the available context menu. Choose Delete all favorites.

Calling Up FunctionsYou have several options for navigating in an SAP system:

Entering transaction codes in the OK Code field

By choosing items from menus in the menu bar

By choosing items from the favorites list or from the user or SAP menus

Figure 21: Various navigation options

You can reach the menus in the menu bar by simply using the key combinationAlt+ (# corresponds to the underlined letter of the selected menu item) orAlt and cursor navigation using the arrow keys on the keyboard.



You can use the keyboard to get to the SAP Easy Access screen or the OK Codefield and call system functions from there.

Hint: Use the following keys to navigate using the keyboard:

TAB moves from one field element to the next within a field group.

Ctrl + TAB goes from one field group to the first element of thenext field group.

Ctrl + / goes directly to the OK Code field.

You can find further shortcuts using Customizing of local layout(Alt+F12) SAP GUI Help.

When the OK Code field is active (also known as command field), you can use theF1 key to display possible entries for this important field. The following entriesare possible:

/n to cancel the current transaction

/nXXXX to call transaction XXXX directly from another transaction.Without the prefix you can only call XXXX from the SAP Easy Accessscreen.

/o to display an overview

taw10 1 en col91 fv part a4

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