Taxonomic Index to the Parasites and Vectors Considered

Subkingdom Protozoa Phylum Sarcomastigophora

Subphylum Mastigophora Class Zoomastigophora

Order Trichomonadida Trichomitopsis termopsidis, 369-371 Trichomonas gallinae, 175-176 Trichomonas vaxinalis, 5, 29, 115, 148, 177, 389 Tritrichomonas foetus, 148, 162, 164

Order Diplomonadida Giardia lamblia, 29, 31-32, 73, 121, 164, 262, 338, 345-346, 389, 442 Giardia muris, 72

Order Hypermastigida Trichonympha sphaerica, 370

Order Kinetoplastida Blastocrithidia culicis, 109, 373, 376-377 Crithidia deanei, 113, 373, 376-377 Crithidia fasciculata, 109, 113, 163, 181, 190-191, 195, 197 Crithidia oncopelti, 113, 373, 376-377 Herpetemonas muscarum, 181 Leishmania brasiliensis, 109-111, 395-397, 433-435 Leishmania donovani, 6,52,82,83, 109-111, 160, 163, 177, 197,227,262,

310, 395-397, 433--435 Leishmania enriettii, 310 Leishmania major, 163, 312, 434 Leishmania mexicana, 83, 106, 123-125, 160, 311 Leishmania tarentolae, 109, 114, 123, 190, 195 Leishmania tropica, 181, 309, 311 Leptomonas ctenocephali, 181 Leptomonas pessoai, 315

453

454 TAXONOMIC INDEX

Order Kinetoplastida (continued) Trypanosoma brucei brucei, 8, 35, 78, 101, 103, 128, 158-159, 162, 177,

181, 186-187, 190, 194-196, 233, 267-271, 435 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, 35, 159, 233, 267, 276, 438-439 Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, 35, 159, 233, 267, 276, 407, 451 Trypanosoma congolense, 267, 275-276, 435 Trypanosoma cruzi, 7, 52, 53, 90, 102-103, 112, 126-127, 160, 163, 177,

190, 197, 233, 235, 313-317, 390-391, 395-397, 408, 423, 424, 439 Trypanosoma cyclops, 181 Trypanosoma equinum, 194, 195 Trypanosoma equiperdum, 181, 188, 190, 196, 197, 272 Trypanosoma evansi, 194, 196 Trypanosoma lewisi, 265-267 Trypanosoma musculi, 262-265 Trypanosoma rangeli, 181 Trypanosoma vivax, 126, 181, 267, 399, 435

Subphylum Sarcodina Class Lobosea

Order Amoebida Entamoeba histolytica, 4, 29, 31, 71, 73, 122-123, 147, 162, 177, 262,

337-345, 389, 442 Entamoeba invadens, 121

Phylum Apicomplexa Class Sporozoasida

Order Eucoccidiorida Suborder Eimeriorina

Cryptosporidium, 131 Eimeria auburnensis, 84, 85 Eimeria perforans, 86 Eimeria tenella, 9, 31, 63, 172, 177, 301 Isospora spp., 33 Sarcocystis muris, 85-87, 172 Sarcocystis cruzi, 177 Toxoplasma gondii, 10, 31, 34, 61, 84, 117, 163, 174-175, 177, 262,

301-303

Suborder Haemosporina Leucocytozoon simondi, 210-211, 213-214 Plasmodium berghei, 87, 89, 132, 134, 177, 243, 282, 293, 410, 413 Plasmodium brasilianum, 285, 288 Plasmodium chabaudi, 172, 410--411 Plasmodium coatneyi, 282 Plasmodium cynomolgi, 282 Plasmodium falciparum, 11, 56-61, 89-90, 104, 106, 128-129, 132, 134,

144, 155, 162, 177, 219-223, 228-232, 235, 245, 281, 284, 293-299, 394-395, 397-398, 402, 410, 412-413, 425-429

Plasmodium fallax, 132, 133 Plasmodium fragile, 282

TAXONOMIC INDEX

Suborder Haemosporina (continued) Plasmodium gallinaceum, 172, 299 Plasmodium inui, 244-245 Plasmodium knowlesi, 57, 155, 221, 223, 232-233, 242, 245, 282, 284,

290-291, 293, 410, 412-413 Plasmodium lophurae, 55, 86-89, 105, 118, 166, 177, 403 Plasmodium malariae, 245, 281, 426 Plasmodium ovale, 281, 413 Plasmodium vinckei, 300 Plasmodium vivax, 57, 132, 134, 218, 223, 281, 284, 293 Plasmodium yoelii, 172, 299

Order Piroplasmorida Babesia bigemina, 14, 300 Babesia bovis, 300 Babesia equi, 214 Babesia microti, 13, 55, 104, 245-246, 300 Babesia rhodhaini, 300 Theileria annulata, 217, 301 Theileria lawrenci, 301 Theileria parva, 12, 91, 214-216, 301

Phylum Microspora Class Microsporidida

Order Pleistophoridida Glugea anomala, 209 Glugea hertwigi, 48-49 Glugea stephani, 209-211

Order Nosematidida Ameson michaelis, 48, 50 Nosema algerae, 429 Nosema bombycis, 48, 51 Spraguea (Nosema) lophii, 47, 209

Subkingdom Metazoa Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Trematoda Order Malacocotylea (Digenea)

Brachylecithum sp., 204 Dicrocoelium sp., 204 Diplostomum f/exicaudum, 43, 449 Fasciola gigantica, 163 Fasciola hepatica, 15, 30, 171 Paragonimus westermani, 43 Schistosoma bovis, 334 Schistosoma haematobium, 136-138, 321, 401-402, 408, 440 Schistosoma japonicum, 321, 334, 401, 408, 440

455

Schistosoma mansoni, 16, 37, 104-105, 136-138, 154-155, 162, 164, 171, 177, 247-250, 321-335, 401-403, 408-409

Schistosoma matthei, 334

456

Class Cestoda Order Eucestoda

Suborder Pseudophyllidea Diphyllobothrium latum, 100, 117 Spirometra mansonoides, 17, 138-140, 201-203

Suborder Cyclophillidea Echinococcus granulosus, 20, 138, 408

TAXONOMIC INDEX

Hymenolepis diminuta, 18, 41, 75-76, 78, 97-100, 151, 153, 162, 164, 172, 177, 248-249

Hymenolepis microstoma, 140-143 Moniezia expansa, 153 Taenia solium, 19, 75 Taenia taeniafarmis, 30

Phylum Nematoda Order Trichinellida

Trichinella spiralis, 21, 29, 46, 92-94, 177, 203, 347-353 Trichuris muris, 164

Order Rhabditida Neoaplectema glaseri, 115-116 Strongyloides stercoralis, 262

Order Ascarida Ascaris lumbricoides, 22, 29-30, 151-154, 162, 176-177, 347, 399-400,

442,444 Ascaris suum, 117, 135-136 Aspiculuris tetraptera, 400 Parascaris equorum, 176-177 Toxocara sp., 43

Order Strongylida Ancylostoma caninum, 354 Ancylostoma ceylonicum, 356 Ancylostoma duodenale, 74, 347, 356, 442 Dictyocaulus viviparus, 354-355 Haemonchus contortus, 24, 30, 353 Necator americanus, 23, 74, 347, 356, 442-443 Nematospiroides dubius, 41, 401 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, 164, 262, 354, 356 Ostertagia ostertagi, 135 Trichostrongylus colubriformis, 353-354

Order Spirurida Suborder Filariina

Brugia malayi, 44, 135 Brugia pahangi, 135 Onchocerca volvulus, 25, 36, 43, 431-435

TAXONOMIC INDEX

Phylum Acanthocephala Corynosoma constrictum, 204 Polymorph us paradoxus, 204

Phylum Mollusca Class Gasteropoda

Order Pulmonata Biomphalaria sp., 16 Biomphalaria glabrata, 37, 247 Bulinus sp., 16 Oncomelania sp., 16

Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea

Order Rhizocephala Sacculina carcini, 205-207

Class Arachnida Order Acarina

Amblyomma americanum, 357-359 Boophilus microplus, 14, 361-362 Dermacentor variabilis, 357, 359-360 Dermacentor andersoni, 359, 361 Haemophysalis leporis-palustris, 357 Ixodes dammini, 13, 363 Ixodes triangulicipes, 357 Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, 12

Class Insecta Order Heteroptera

Panstrongylus megistus, 439 Rhodnius prolixus, 372, 439 Triatoma infestans, 424, 439

Order Anoplura Pediculus capitis, 372-373

Order Strepsiptera Stylops sp., 207-208

Order Diptera Aedes aegypti, 172 Anopheles sp., 25 Anopheles dirus, 430 Anopheles freeborni, 430 Anopheles gambiae, 426 Anopheles maculipennis, 425 Anopheles stephensi, 172 Glossina sp., 26, 371

457

458

Order Diptera (continued) Glossina morsitans, 435, 437 Glossina palpalis, 438 Glossina tachinoides, 438 Lutzomyia sp., 434 Phlebotomus sp., 434 Simulium damnosum, 36, 431-435

TAXONOMIC INDEX

Subject Index

Acid phosphatase, of Leishmania, 81, 83, 309

Acrifiavin, effects on kinetoplast, 188, 194, 195

Adjuvants, 299, 300 Aedes aegypti, 172 Albendazole, 408 Allopurinol, 395-397 Amastigotes

of Leishmania, 123 of Leishmania, culture medium for,

124, 125 of Trypanosoma cruzi, culture medium

for, 126, 127 Amblyomma americanum, immune

reactions to, 357-359 Ameson michaelis, spore discharge in, 48 Amoeba proteus, strain D, endocellular

bacteria of, 379-381 Amphipod behavior, as affected by

cystacanths, 204, 206 Amprolium, 387, 389 Ancylostoma duodenale, head of, 74 Anopheles stephensi, 172 Ant behavior, as affected by

metacercariae, 204 Antimalarials and immune response,

410-411 Antimalarials to preerythrocytic stages,

413-414 Antiparasitic drugs, 415-417 Antrycide, 406, 408 Arrowhead <'Jrganelle, of Babesia microti,

66,67 Arsenicals, trypanocidal, 405

Artemisia annua, 386 Artemesinin, 387, 403 Ascaris lumbricoides, carbohydrate

metabolism of, 151-154 Ascaris suum, culture of, 135, 136 ATP, 147, 148, 150-152, 159, 161-163,

192, 359, 382 in erythrocyte invasion by malarial

merozoites, 60 in erythrocyte invasion by Toxoplasma,

63 requirement by extracellular

Plasmodium lophurae, 89, 118 ATPase, in Plasmodium lophurae

infection, 59-60 Autoimmune reactions, in Trypanosoma

cruzi infections, 314-315 Avermectins, 400-401, 409

B cells, 254 Babesia

entry into erythrocyte, 54-55 entry into tick, 66-67

Babesia bovis, vaccination against, 300

Bacil/us thuringiensis israeIensis, 429 Basophils, in immunity to ticks,

357-359 Behavior, human, and disease control,

440-444 Benzimidazole, 399-400, 409 Berenil, 406-408 Bile,

459

effects on excystation, 30-31 response to, by Nematospiroides, 41

460

Biomphalaria glabrata, sporocyst encapsulation by hemocytes, 247-248

Blastocrithidia culicis, endosymbionts of, 373, 376-378

Blood-feeding arthropods, and symbiotic bacteria, 371, 374

Boophilus microplus, immunization to, 361-362

Brugia spp", in vitro development, 135 Bodo caudatus, 185 Burkitt's lymphoma, 292

C-reactive protein, 234 Cattie, susceptibility to trypanosomes,

436-437 Caveolae, in erythrocytes with

Plasmodium vivax, 218 Cecropin, 250 Cellulose-digesting protozoa

of Cryptocercus, 369 of termites, 367, 369-371

Cercaria, 15-16 entry of, into host, 37-38 irradiated, 324, 334 transformation to schistosomulum,

323-325 Chagas' disease, as zoonosis,

439-440 Chemolithotrophic bacteria, symbiotic in

tube worms, 367 Chemotherapy for helminths,

in" domestic animals, 445-446 mass treatment of humans,

443-444 Cholinergic receptors, 400 Chloroquine, 403-404

resistance to, 410, 412-413 Cholesterol, and virulence of Entamoeba,

340 Chromosomes

of kinetoplastids, 181 of Plasmodium falciparum, 180

Ciliates, endocellular bacteria of, 377-379

Cinchona officinalis, 388 Circadian rhythm

of Hymenolepis, 41-42 of Onchocerca, 43

SUBJECT INDEX

Circumsporozoite proteins gene for, 295 of Plasmodium falciparum, 293-295 of Plasmodium knowlesi, 294-295

Circumsporozoite reaction, 284 Clefts, of malaria-infected erythrocytes,

218-219 Closantel, 402 Coenzyme A, 148-149, 152

biosynthesis of, 166 requirement for, 118, 166

Complement, 254-259, and entry of Babesia, 55

Coracidium, 201 Crisis forms, of malarial parasites,

285-289 Crithidia fasciculata, amino acid

requirements of, 111, 114 Crithidia oncopeiti, endosymbionts of,

373, 376, 378, 382 Cryptocercus, flagellates of, 172 Cryptosporidium, cultivation of, 131 Cutaneous leishmaniasis, 311-312 Cyclosporin A, 403 Cystacanth, effects of, on host

amphipods, 204-206 Cysteine

requirement by Spirometra, 139 requirement for, by Trypanosoma

brucei, 128 Cysts, of Entamoeba histolytica, 137 Cytochrome oxidase

in Ascaris, 153-154 in malarial parasites, 155, 157

Cytostome of malarial parasites, 103-104 of Trypanosoma cruzi, 102

DDT,425 Deazaadenosine, 397, 398 Defined medium for:

Crithidia fasciculata, 111 Leishmania brasiliensis promastigotes,

110-111 Leishmania donovani, 110-111 Leishmania tarentolae, 111, 114 Neoaplectana glaseri, 115-116 Trichomonas vaginalis, 114-115 Trypanosoma cruzi, 112

SUBJECT INDEX

Dermacentor variabilis, immune reactions to, 357, 360

Desferrioxamine, 402 effects of, 235

Developmental cues, 449-450 Dictyocaulas viviparus, vaccine for,

354-355 Difluoromethylornithine, 397-398 Dihydrofolate reductase, 392-393 Diphyllobothrium latum, vitamin B12

uptake by, 100, 117 Diploid condition, 171-172, 174-175 Disulfuram, 402 DNA

germ line, of Ascaris and Parascaris, 176-177

of kinetoplast, 185-197 repetitive, 176-179 somatic, of Ascaris and Parascaris,

176-177 Drug resistance, 408-4l3 Duffy blood group antigen, as receptor

for Plasmodium knowlesi, P. vivax, 57

Duffy factur, resistance to malaria and, 232-233

Dyskinetoplastic, 194

Echinococcus granulosus, cultivation of, l38

Ectoparasites, responses of hosts to, 362 Education and disease control, 440-444 Effector cells, 254 Eimeria, vaccination against, 301 Eimeria auburnensis, parasitophorous

vacuole of, 84-85 Eimeria spp., entry into cells, 63-64 Eimeria tenella, excystation of, 31 Encystation

of Entamoeba, 121 of Giardia, 121

Endocytosis by amoebae, 100-101 by Babesia, 103, 105 by malarial parasites, 103-105 by Trypanosoma cruzi, 102-103 induced, 55, 61, 63-64

Endosymbionts, 368-369, 371-382 Energy parasitism, 161

Entamoeba histolytica carriers of, 337-339 cholesterol and virulence of, 340 culture media for, 122-123 cysts of, 337-339 cytolethal effects of, 341-345

461

effect of metronidazole, 389-390 erythrophagocytosis and virulence of,

340-344 excystation of, 31 pyruvate metabolism of, 147-148 virulence of, 339-344

Eosinophils effect on schistosomulum,

330-333 effects of, on Trichinella, 352-353

Erythrocyte mutants, resistant to Plasmodium falciparum, 228-232

Erythrophagocytosis, and virulence of Entamoeba, 340-344

Ethidium, 406, 408 Ethidium bromide, effect on kinetoplast,

194 Euplotes aediculatis, endocellular bacteria

of,379 Evaginating solution

for cysticercoids of Hymenolepis, 140

for plerocercoids of Spirometra, 139 Excystation, 30-35 Exoerythrocytic stages of malaria,

cultivation of, l32-l34

Fasciola hepatica, metacercaria, excystation of, 30

Folate metabolism, interference with, 392-393

Folates, 165-166 Formycin B, 396

GABA,400 Gambusia, 429 Gametocyte formation, in Plasmodium,

176, 178 Garki Project, 425-428 Gene-for-gene hypothesis, 227 Gene switching, 450 Genome size, of representative

parasites, 176-177

462

Giardia lamblia attachment to intestine, 72-73 carbohydrate metabolism of, 151 effect of metronidazole, 389-390 excystation of, 31-32

Glaucarubinones, 402 Glossina austeni, symbiotic bacteria of,

371, 374, 375 Glossina morsitans, as trypanosome

vector, 435-437 Glossina palpalis, as trypanosome vector,

438 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

deficiency and resistance to Plasmodium

falciparum, 230-232 Glucose utilization, by Schistosoma

mansoni, 154 Glugea hertwigi, spore discharge in, 49 Glycerophosphate oxidase pathway, 159 Glycocalyx of cercaria, 323 Glycolysis

in Ascaris, 151-152 in Entamoeba, 147-148 in Giardia, 151 in Plasmodium, 155-157 in Schistosoma, 154-155 in Trichomonas, 148-150 in trypanosomes, 158-160 interference with, 399

Glycophorin, as receptor for Plasmodium falciparum, 57-59

Glycoprotein, on schistosomulum, 327

Haemonchus contortus, antigens of, 353 Haploid condition, 171-172, 175 Hemin, synthesis by endosymbionts,

373, 377-378 Hemolymph, antibacterial activity of,

250-251 Hemocytes, of Biomphalaria glabrata,

247-248 Hemozoin, 103 High density lipoprotein, resislance to

Trypanosoma brucei and, 233-234 Histidine-rich protein,

of Plasmodium falciparum, 294 of Plasmodium lophurae, 64, 294

Histamine, effects on tick feeding, 359, 361

SUBJECT INDEX

Hookworm infection, 442-443 Hookworms, attachment mechanisms,

74 Hyalophora cecropia, antibacterial activity

of hemolymph of, 250 Hycanthone, 401, 408-409

resistance to, 409 Hydrogenosomes, 148-150 Hydroxynaphthoquinones, 393-395 Hymenolepis diminuta

circadian migration of, 41-42 scolex of, 76 tegument of, 75-78 transport in, 97-100

Hymenolepis microstoma cultivation of, 140-143 hemin requirement by, 142-143

Hypersensitivity and immune reaction to ticks, 358-360 to intestinal nematodes, 353

Hypersensitivity, delayed type and immunity to schistosomes, 334 in leishmanial infection, 312

Hypertrophy, 209-211, 213-216, 381 Hypnozoites, 413

Immunoglobulins, 257, 259-261 Immunosuppression, by malaria,

291-292 Insecticides, 425-426 Integrated control, 429-430 Interferon

beta, effects on Trypanosoma cruzi, 316 gamma, effect on Toxoplasma, 302-303

Iron deficiency, and malaria, 234-235 Isospora spp., excystation of, 33 Isozymes, inheritance of, in Plasmodium

chabaudi, 173 Ivermectin, 401

Kappa, 377, 381-382 Karyograms, molecular, of

kinetoplastids, 181 Knob protein, 220, 222 Knobs, of erythrocytes with Plasmodium

falciparum, 90, 218-223

Larva migrans, 43 Lectins, as affected by endosymbionts,

382

SUBJECT INDEX

Leishmania amastigotes, location in phagosome,

81-84 effects of purine analogues on,

395-397 entry into host cells, 51

Leishmania brasiliensis, defined medium for promastigotes of, 110-111

Leishmania donovani defined medium for promastigotes of,

110-111 gene for susceptibility in mice, 227 mouse genotype and course of

infection by, 310 Leishmania mexicana

amastigotes, culture of, 124-125 effects of antibodies on, 311-312

Leishmania tarentolae amino acid requirements of, 111, 114 transcription in maxicircles, 189-190

Leishmaniasis, as zoonosis, 433-435 Leucocytozoon simondi, effects on host

cell, 210-211, 213-214 Levamisole, 400, 409 Life cycles, diagrams of, 4-26 Lutzomyia, 309 Lymphokines, 255

effects on Trypanosoma cruzi, 316-317

Malarial erythrocytic stage antigens of, 294, 296-298 immunization with, 296

Malarial merozoite, entry into erythrocyte, 55-61

Malarial parasite, 11, 36 carbohydrate metabolism of, 155-158 drug resistance in, 409-413 folate metabolism of, 392-393

Malarial sporozoites, irradiated, immunization with, 293

Masking of antigens, 333 Mathematical models

for helminth infections, 443-444, 446 for malaria, 426-428

Maxicircles, 187, 189-190 Mebendazole, 399-400 Mefloquine, 403-404 Mel B, 405 Metacercariae, 15

effects of, on host ants, 204

463

Metacyclic variable antigens (MV AT) of Trypanosoma brucei, 273-275 of T. congolense, 275-276

Metal chelators, 402 Methylation, interference with,

397-398 Metrifonate, 402 Metronidazole, 389-390 Microcirculatory obstruction, by

Plasmodium falciparum, 221 Microfilariae, 43

density of, 432 Microsporidia, hatching of spores of, 46,

48-50 Microtubules, drug effects on,

399-400 Migration in host

of Diplostomum, 43-44 of Hymenolepis, 41-42 of lung fluke, 43

Minicircles, 187, 190-193 Miracidium, 16, 37

host finding by, 37 Mitochondria

of Ascaris, ATP formation in, 152 of malarial parasites, 157-158 of trypanosomes, 158, 160

Molluscicides, for snail control, 441 Monoclonal antibodies, 260-261 Mosquitoes, behavior of, 425 Mycetocytes, 371 Mycetome, 371-372

NADH oxidase, in Plasmodium lophurae infection, 59

N'Dama cattle, and trypanosomiasis, 436-437

Necator americanus, head of, 74 Nematospiroides dubius, response of, to

bile, 41 Neoaplectana glaseri, defined medium for,

116 Nifurtimox, 390-391 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, immune

expulsion of, 354, 356 NK cells, 253, 255 Nosema algerae, 429 Nurse cell, 46, 92-94 Nutrition, role of endosymbionts in,

371-378

464

Omikron, 379 Onchocerca, circadian rhythm of, 43 Onchocerciasis, 431-435 Ostertagia ostertagi, cultivation of, 135 Ovalocytosis, and resistance to

Plasmodium fa/Ciparum, 232 Oxamniquine, 401, 403 Oxidative killing, 255-256

of Plasmodium falciparum by leukocytes, 289

Oxygen requirement, 161 of Entamoeba, 147 of Plasmodium, 157 of Schistosoma, 155

p-Aminobenzoic acid, 387, 392 Paramecium aurelia, endocellular bacteria

of, 377 Parasite rate, 428 Parasitophorous membrane, 84-90,

380-381 Parasitophorous vacuole, 52, 84-85 Pediculus capitis, symbiotic bacteria of,

372-373 Pentamidine, 406 Petite mutants, of yeast, 195 Phagocytosis

of Leishmania, 51 of Trypanosoma cruzi, 52

Phagolysosome, 51, 309 Phagosome, as site for Leishmania, 81-84 Phlebotomus, 309 Phosphofructokinase, of schistosomes,

399 Pinocytosis, by Trypanosoma brucei, 101,

103 Piperazine, 400 Polaroplast, 46-47 Poecilia, 429 Planetic nuclei, 210, 212 Plasmodium berghei

cultivation of exoerythrocytic stage, 132

parasitophorous membrane of, 87, 89 Plasmodium brasilianum, crisis forms of,

285,288 Plasmodium chabaudi, genetics of, 172, 173 Plasmodium falciparum

antigens of erythrocytic stage, 294, 296-298

SUBJECT INDEX

Plasmodium falciparum (continued) chromosomes of, 180 circadian rhythm, 144 clones of, 178-180 crisis forms of, 285-287, 289 cultivation of erythrocytic stages,

128-130 cultivation of exoerythrocytic stages,

132 effect of desferrioxamine, 402 effect of disulfuram, 402 effect of hydroxynaphthoquinones,

394-395 effect of sinefungin, 397, 398 effect of tumor necrosis factor on,

286 gametocytes of, 128-129 gametocytocidal drugs, 414 interference with purine metabolism

in, 396-397 interference with pyrimidine

biosynthesis in, 394-395 knobs on infected red cells, 90 mutants resistant to, 228-232 oxygen requirement of, 157 pantothenate requirement, 403 passive transfer of protection, 283 repetitive DNA of, 178, 179

Plasmodium fal/ax, cultivation of exoerythrocytic stage, 132-133

Plasmodium yoe/ii, genetics of, 173-174 Plasmodium knowlesi

antigenic variation in, 290 duffy factor and, 232-233 trapping of, in spleen, 239, 242

Plasmodium inui, effect of spleen on course of infection, 244-245

Plasmodium lophurae CoA requirement of, 166 developing extracellularly, 88 parasitophorous membrane of, 87-89

Plasmodium vivax cultivation of exoerythrocytic stage,

132, 134 duffy factor and, 233

Polyamine synthesis, interference with, 397-398

Polyploidy, 381 Praziquantel, 401 Primaquine, 414

SUBJECT INDEX

Procercoid, 201 Promastigote-amastigote transformation,

123 Promastigotes, of Leishmania, 121, 125 Proteolytic enzymes

of Leishmania mexicana, 106 of Plasmodium falciparum, 105-106 of Schistosoma mansoni, 104-105

Purine metabolism of Leishmania, 163 interference with, 395-397

Pyrimethamine, 387, 389, 392-393 resistance to, 413

Pyrimethamine resistance, inheritance of, in Plasmodium yoeIii, 173-174

Pyrimidine biosynthesis, 163-165 interference with, 393-395

Pyruvate, oxidation of, 148-150

Qinghaosu, 385-387, 391, 403-404 Quinine, 387-388, 403

Receptors, for malarial merozoites, 56-59

Resistant forms, 29 Rhizobia, 377 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, 423 Rhodnius prolixus, symbiotic bacteria of,

372 Rhoptries, 58, 64-66 River blindness, 432-433 Romanomermis culicivorax, 429

Sacculina carcini, 205-207 Salicylhydroxamic acid, 160, 399 Salivary gland cells, of Rhipicephalus

infected with Theileria, 214-216 Sarcocystis muris, parasitophorous

vacuole of, 85-87 Schistosoma haematobium

cultivation of, 136-138 effects of metrifonate, 402

Schistosoma mansoni antigens of, 327, 333-335 carbohydrate metabolism of,

154-155 cercariae of, 322 cultivation of, 136-138 effects of closantel, 402 egg granuloma caused by, 326

Schistosoma mansoni (continued) encapsulation of sporocysts of,

247-248

465

monoclonal antibodies to, 327-329 resistance to hycanthone, 409 schistosomula of, 322-324

Schistosomes, 16, 37 effects of praziquantel, 401

Schistosomiasis, control methods, 440-442

Schistosomulum, 43 glycoprotein of, 327 immune reaction to, 328-330 in lungs, 326 surface of, 324

Schizont-infected cell agglutination (SICA),290

Scolex of Taenia, 75 of Hymenolepis, 76

Scrub typhus, 423-424 "Self-cure," 353 Sensory organelles, 44-45 Sickle hemoglobin, and resistance to

Plasmodium falciparum, 228-230 Sinefungin, 397, 398 Sparganum growth factor, 201-203 Spectrin, in erythrocyte invasion by

malarial merozoites, 61 Spirometra mansonoides

cultivation of, 138-140 growth factor from, 201-203

Spore discharge, in Microsporidia, 46-50

Sporocyst, of Schistosoma mansoni, 247-248

Sporozoites, malarial antibodies to, 283-285 assay for, 429-431 cell-mediated immunity against,

284-285 Spraguea (Nosema) lophii, 47, 209 Stylopization, 207-208 Sulfa drugs, 387, 392-393 Sulfadoxine, 393 Suramin, 399, 404-405

T cells, 253-254 Taenia solium, scolex of, 75 Tegument, of tapeworms, 75-78

466

Theileria, vaccination against, 301 Theileria annulata, in lymphoblastoid cell,

217 Theileria parva

effects on tick salivary gland cell, 214-216

in bovine lymphoblasts, 214 in lymphoblastoid cells, 91

Thiabendazole, 399-400 Thiopurinol, 395-397 Thymidylate synthesis cycle, 392-393 Toxic free radicals, 389-392 Toxoplasma gondii

entry into cell, 61-64 excystation of, 31, 34 genetics of, 174-175 inhibition by gamma-interferon,

302-303 Transcription, in kinetoplast maxicircles,

189-190, 193 Transformation, in Trichomonas gallinae,

175-176 Transmission-blocking immunity, to

malaria, 297, 299 Transmission by vectors, 35-36 Transport in tapeworms

of amino acids, 97-98 of other metabolites, 100 of purines and pyrimidines, 99-100

Triatoma infestans, breeding places of, 423-424

Tricarboxylic acid cycle, 151, 158, 160 Trichomonas vaginalis

effect of metronidazole, 389-390 defined medium for, 115 hydrogenosomes of, 148-150

Trichinella spiralis acquired immunity to, 347-353 antigens of, 348, 350 in nurse cell, 92-94 monoclonal antibodies to, 352 stichosomes of, 350-351

Trichomitopsis termopsidis, cellulose digestion by, 369-371

Trichonympha sphaerica, axenic culture of, 370

Trichostrongylus colubriformis, immunization of guinea pigs to, 353-354

SUBJECT INDEX

Tritrichomonas foetus hydrogenosomes of, 148-150 metabolic reactions of, 150

Tropical splenomegaly, 240, 242, 244 Trypanosoma brucei

cysteine requirement of, 128 effect of HDL on, 233-234 metabolism of, 158-160 metacyclic variable antigens, 273-275 protein uptake and digestion, 101, 103 sexual recombination in, 175 variant surface glycoproteins, 268-271

Trypanosoma congolense, metacyclic variable antigens, 275-276

Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes, culture of, 126-127 and autoimmune reactions, 314-315 defined medium for, 112 effect of nifurtimox, 390-391 effects of lymphokines on, 316-317 effects of purine analogues on,

395-397 endocytosis by, 102-103 entry into host cell, 52-53 surface glycoprotein of, 316 vectors of, 423-424

Trypanosoma gambiense, in West Africa, 438-439

Trypanosoma equiperdum, variable antigen types, 272

Trypanosoma lewisi, and ablastin, 265-267 Trypanosoma musculi, and zinc

deficiency, 262 Trypanosoma rhodesiense

as a zoonosis, 437-438 effects of berenil, 407

Trypanosoma vivax culture of, 126 effects of SHAM and glycerol, 399

Trypanosomes effect of difluoromethylornithine,

397-398 Trypanosomiasis

African, human, 437-439 animal, as zoonosis, 435 central nervous system, drugs

against, 398, 405-408, 414-415 Trypanothione, 161 Tryparsamide, 405

SUBJECT INDEX

Tsetse flies, and trypanosomiasis, 435-437

Tubulin, genes for, 181-182 Tularemia, reduced transmission after

vaccination to ticks, 361 Tumor necrosis factor, 234

effect on Plasmodium falciparum, 286

Uroporphyrinogen synthase, 378

Variant specific antigens of Plasmodium knowlesi, 221, 223, 290

Variant surface glycoproteins (VSG), of African trypanosomes, 268-271 genes for, 271-273 lack of, on procyclic forms, 272

Vectorial capacity, 425 Vitamin B12

uptake by Ascaris suum, 117

467

uptake by Diphyllobothrium, 110, 117

Xenoma, 209, 211 Xenosomes, 378

Zebu cattle, and trypanosomiasis, 436-437

Zinc deficiency and resistance to Trypanosoma musculi,

262 Zoonosis, 433-437