TAXONOMY

Taxonomy

Taxonomy: The discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted (scientific name)

What is this animal called?

Cougar Mountain Lion Puma Panther Wait . . . So

what do we call it?!

Assigning Scientific Names

To eliminate the confusion of common names, 18th century scientists developed a system to name all organisms in Latin.

Binomial Nomenclature: Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

EX: Felis concolor

Scientific Names

Written in italics The first word is capitalized

It is the organism’s genus Genus: A group of closely related species

The second word is lowercased It is the organism’s species

Written in Latin

Answer this question in your notes: What is the difference, if any,

between these three organisms: Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Here’s a Hint:

Linnaeus’s System of Classification Includes seven levels, from largest to

smallest: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Modern Classification

Linnaeus used to group organisms only by their physical characteristics.

Using only physical characteristics, how would you classify these organisms?

Modern Classification Now, we use a 3 domain system because

of vast differences in different types of bacteria. Current classification system: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

How Living Things are Categorized All living things are categorized into

3 domains

6 Kingdoms

3 Domains are further divided into 6 Kingdoms

Domain Archaea: Kingdom Archaebacteria

Domain Bacteria: Kingdom Eubacteria

Domain Eukarya: Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Characteristics Chart: Glue the chart you were given into your INB. You can look over this information while we go through the rest of the

powerpoint.

Kingdom

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

Cell Type

Cell Structures

Number ofCells

Mode of Nutrition

Examples

Kingdom Archaebacteria

•Cell Type: Prokaryote (no nucleus)•Cell Structures: Have unusual cell wall components•Number of cells: Unicellular•Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph•Examples: Methanogens,

halophiles

Kingdom Eubacteria

Cell Type: ProkaryoteCell Structures: No nucleus, normal sugars in wallsNumber of Cells: UnicellularMode of Nutrition: Autotroph or HeterotrophExamples: E. coli, Streptococcus

Kingdom Protista

Cell Type: Eukaryote (has a nucleus)Cell Structures: Some have cell walls of cellulose, some have chloroplastsNumber of cells: Unicellular or multicellularMode of Nutrition: Autotroph or heterotrophExamples: Amoeba, Paramecium, giant kelp, diatoms

Kingdom Fungi

Cell Type: EukaryoteCell Structures: Cell Wall of ChitinNumber of Cells: Multicellular, some unicellularMode of Nutrition: HeterotrophExamples: Mushrooms, yeasts

Kingdom Plantae

Cell Type: EukaryoteCell Structures: Cell

walls of cellulose, chloroplasts

Number of cells: Multicellular

Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph

Examples: Mosses, ferns, trees and flowering plants

Kingdom Animalia

Cell Type: Eukaryote Cell Structures: No

cell walls or chloroplasts

Number of cells: Multicellular

Mode of Nutrition: Heterotroph

Examples: Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals