tci 2015 a logistics and transportation cluster initiative: a theoretical framework
TRANSCRIPT
A logistics and transportation Cluster Initiative: A Theoretical framework
Teresa Verduzco-GarzaUniversidad de Monterrey, México
Parallel Session 2.1: Cluster Models Worldwide. Unique Features, Common Challenges
Content
• Introduction• The Theory behind the Clusters for competitiveness• More than a supply chain• Logistics Cluster in the world• Transportation and Logistics Cluster in Nuevo León• Barriers• Conclusion• Future questions and next steps
Introduction
• Through the supply chain, goods transportation has represented an important link in order to increase competitiveness for organizations, both manufacturing and services.
• In fact, is mainly important to develop strategies to intensify the service level for being competitive in a specific location.
The Theory behind the Clusters for competitiveness
“A cluster is a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities”
(M. E. Porter, On Competition, 1998)
ENTERPRISE GROWTH• Cost reduction• Easier and faster response• Access to more and
sophisticated markets• Accelerate innovation• Enterprises are more productive
and profitable
REGIONAL GROWTH• Increase investment
attractiveness• High potential for new jobs• Labor and operations
Sophistication• Region becomes more
competitive
Logistic Clusters Characteristics
Proximity
Specialization
Stimulates economic Growth
Shared vision
Interconnection
Coo-petitionCollective learning
LOGISTIC CLUSTER
Logistics clusters classification
By transportation mode
• Air Transportation: High value goods, others sensitive to transportation time
• Ports: High volume, low cost, non perishable
• Railroads: Commodities or batches
By market served orientation
• Local consumer orientation: Size and growth of the local consume population, Clusters in which demand is oriented toward population centers
• Trade orientation: Geographic positioning and importance along global trade routes, Clusters in which demand is driven by access to global trade routes
Source: Prologis, 2015Source: Sheffi, 2013
* Road Truck hubs serve to urban areas or are suppliers for other transportation mode clusters.
The four economies of a Logistic Cluster
Source: Sheffi, 2013
AC
HIE
VE
HO
RIZ
ON
TAL
INT
EG
RAT
ION
S
Economies of SCOPE
Economies of SCALE
Economies of DENSITY
Economies of DENSITY
Measuring Global Logistics Clusters Performance
• GCI: Global competitiveness Index– Market efficiency (goods)– Technology development– Market size– Sophistication– Innovation
• LPI: Logistic Performance Index– Customs – Infrastructure– Ease of arranging shipments – Quality of logistics services – Tracking and tracing – Timeliness
Other Important Indicators
• Innovation, Patents and trademarks• More skilled labor • GDP of the cluster members is superior to the non –
members in the same activity sector• Average wages are higher for the cluster members than
non-members• Labor opportunities increases faster in the cluster activity
sector than the rest of the activity sectors in the country• More investment attracted• Profitability of the members increases faster
More than a Supply Chain Integration
Inventory
Postponement
Packaging
Load the truck
operation
Road From A
to B point
On TimeFulfillSafe
Transaction time
Transaction cost
Forwarder
Cross DockMode
ChangeLoad
Consolidation
(before or after
the custom)
CostExpediti
ousSafety and
trustful
Define and select trustful suppliers for the different stages: • Tier 1• Tier 2• Tier 3
WarehousingTransportation /
Distribution / Consolidation
Custom / International
Trade
HUB International Transportation
Transportation and Logistics Cluster Nuevo León
Innovation Ecosystem in Nuevo León
R&D High Intensity
• Nanotechnology• Biotechnology• Aerospace• Medical Services
R&D Medium- High Intensity
• Automotive Industry• Home Appliances and electro
domestics industry• IT and Software• Interactive Media &
Entertainment• Transportation and Logistics• Sustainable housing• Agri Food
Transportation and Logistics Cluster in Nuevo León
NUEVO LEÓNREGIONAL INDICATORS:
• 5 mill. People (4% of the country)
• 8% GDP
• 4 Important Universities (ITESM, UANL, UDEM, UR)
• 15 000 Engineering graduates per year
• USD $2 000 Mill. Foreign investment (12% of México)
Source: I2T2, Parada, 2014
Cluster Initiative for Transportation and Logistics in Nuevo León
• Nuevo Leon: Pole of development• Logistics services as an Engine to increase growth• Monterrey City:
– Manufacturing concentration wide variety of industrial sectors– Important for international trade with North America– 200km from the border port of entrance to U.S. (Laredo, Colombia, Reynosa)– One of the most important regional economies in the Country
Fuente: CECIC, Programa regional de competitividad e innovación, 2004
Triple Helix Model
Academy and Education
Private initiativeGovernment and
Public Institutions
Source: Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000
Financial Institutions?
Operations
• Operation of logistic cluster in NL (the corridors, customs, road networks to connect ports and railroads, Interpuerto).
Source: CECIC
LogisticStock
IT and communication infrastructure
• Optical Fiber networks• Satellites
Multimodal infrastructure• Roads• Railroads• Ports• Airports
Energy infrastructure• Electricity• Oil• Gas• Carbon
Hydraulic infrastructure• Watershed habilitation
• Aquifer
Limitations in Transportation and Logistics Cluster Development in N. L.
• Lack of agreements inside the committee and Cluster Director.
• Limited knowledge of the cluster concept.
• Financial issues
• No trust between the members
• Different “Expectations” of the clusters’ benefits
Conclusion and future Questions
• Could a Transportation and Logistics clusters could be centered on road trucks as a driver?
• Which enterprises should be the “attractors”?
• How to integrate small carriers to the cluster? Thinking about “the last mile”
• How to develop horizontal integrations?
• To accelerate the development of the transportation and logistics cluster initiative in N.L. is the next main concern to resolve….
Information
Thank YouTeresa Verduzco-Garza
Universidad de MonterreyEngineering department professor and researcher
References• [1] (Book) A. Marshall, Principles of Economics, London: Macillan, 1890• [2] (Journal) M. E. Porter, Harvard Business Review, 1998, 77-90• [3] (Journal) H. Etzkowitz, W. Hillerbrand, D. Messner and J. Meyer-Stamer, Research Policy, 2000, 29,
109-132• [4] (Journal) L. Lazzeretti, Economía Industrial, 2006, 59-72 • [5] (Document) A. M. Celis, D. Martinez and J. Felix, Identificación de clusters económicos de la ciudad de
México, 2012, retrieved from http://www.izt.uam.mx/sotraem/Documentos/AMET2011/REC/TEXTO/11-13/11_04.pdf
• [6] (Conference) C. Ketels, G. Lindqvist and Ö. Sölvell, Cluster initiaties in developing and transition economies, Center of strategy and competitiveness, Stockholm, 2006.
• [7] (Book) Y. Sheffi, Handbook of Global Logistics, 1st ed. Springer, chapter 19, 463-500• [8] (Journal) L. Rivera, Y. Sheffi and R. Welsch, Transportation Journal Research Part A, 2014, 59, 222-238• [9] (Journal) Y. Chai and F. Yang, The international Journal of interdisciplinary social sciences, 2011, 29-39• [10] (Journal) C. Schmoltzi and C. M. Wallenburg, International Journal of Physical Distribution and
Logistics Management, 2011, 552-576• [11] (Journal) F.. Cruijssen, W. Dullaert and H. Fleuren, Transportation journal, 2007, 22-39• [12] (Conference) SEDEC. Programa de Desarrollo innovador 2013-2018• [13] (Conference) N. Gonzalez-Parás and CECIC, Programa regional de competitividad e innovación• [14] (Conference) J. Parada, Nuevo León impulsando la economía y Sociedad del Conocimiento, 2014, 5-7