TCP/IP

The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is commonly also known as TCP/IP named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard.

Internet Protocol Suite

The Internet Protocol Suite consists of four abstraction layers.

From the lowest to the highest layer, these are the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer

Internet Protocol Suite

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/IP_stack_connections.svg

The Link Layer contains communication technologies for the local network the host is connected to directly, the link.

It provides the basic connectivity functions interacting with the networking hardware of the computer and the associated management of interface-to-interface messaging.

The Internet Layer (Network layer) provides communication methods between multiple links of a computer and facilitates the interconnection of networks.

As such, this layer establishes the Internet. It contains primarily the Internet Protocol,

which defines the fundamental addressing namespaces, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) used to identify and locate hosts on the network.

Internet Layer (Network)

Addresses Resolution Protocol ARP(Reverse Addresses Resolution Protocol)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)(ICMP )Internet Control Message Protocol

Multicasting

Addresses Resolution Protocol ARP(Reverse Addresses Resolution Protocol)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)(ICMP )Internet Control Message Protocol

Multicasting(IGMP)Internet Group Management Protocol

Internet Layer( Network )

Direct host-to-host communication tasks are handled in the Transport Layer, which provides a general framework to transmit data between hosts using protocols like the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the

User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

BackPortsFlow ControlPacket Switching

Transport Layer

(IANA )EInternet Assigned Numbers Authority)

Transport Layer

The highest-level Application Layer contains all protocols that are defined each specifically for the functioning of the vast array of data communications services.

This layer handles application-based interaction on a process-to-process level between communicating Internet hosts.

Application Layer

(File Transfer Protocol )FTP8080 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol )SMTP 25110 (Post Office Protocol )POP3

(Domain Name System )DNS(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol )DHCP

(Simple Network Management Protocol )SNMP Console Agents