tcxdvn 319 2004 noi dat thiet bi
TRANSCRIPT
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B Xy dng--------
cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Namc lp - T do - Hnh phc
S: 20/2004/Q-BXD ----------H ni, ngy 20 thng 8 nm 2004
Quyt nh ca b tr|ng B Xy dng
V vic ban hnh TCXDVN319 : 2004 "Lp t h thng ni t thit b chocc cng trnh cng nghip - Yu cu chung "
b tr|ng B Xy dng
- Cn c Ngh nh s 36 / 2003 / N-CP ngy 4 / 4 / 2003 ca Chnh phquy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng.
- Cn c Bin bn s 64 / BB- HKHCN ngy 24 thng 5 nm 2004 caHi ng Khoa hc k thut chuyn ngnh nghim thu ti xy dng tiuchun "Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cng trnh cng nghip ".
- Xt ngh ca V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cng ngh
quyt nh
iu 1: Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun xy dng VitNam :
TCXDVN 319 : 2004 "Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc cng trnhcng nghip - Yu cu chung ".
iu 2: Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy ng cngbo.
iu 3: Cc ng: Chnh vn phng B, V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cngngh, Tng gim c Tng Cng ty lp my Vit Nam v Th tr|ng cc n vc lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.
Ni nhn:- Nh| iu 3- VP Chnh Ph- Cng bo- B T| php- V Php ch- L|u VP&V KHCN
B tr|ng b xy dng
Nguyn Hng Qun
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TCXDVN 319 : 2004
Lp t h thng ni t thit b
cho cc cng trnh cng nghip-
yu cu chungInstallation of Equipment Earthing System
for Industrial Projects-
General requirements
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Mc lc
Trang
Li ni u 4
1-Phm vi p dng 5
2-Ti liu vin dn 6
3-Nhng qui nh chung 7
4-Lp t in cc t 14
5-Lp t dy ni t chnh 18
6-Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip 21
7-Lp t dy ni ng th 31
8-Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v trm bin p h p 34
9-Lp t cc hnh thi ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st
s dng my tnh 52
10-Kim tra h thng ni t thit b 57
Ph lc A: Thut ng v nh ngha 60
Ph lc B: Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him 67
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li ni u
TCXDVN....................: 2004 do Tng cng ty Lp my Vit nam bin son, V
Khoa hc Cng ngh trnh duyt, B Xy dng ban hnh theo quyt nh s
.........................../Q-BXD, ngy...........................
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Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc cng trnh cng
nghip Yu cu chungInstallation of Equipment Earthing System for Industrial Projects-General
Requirements
1-Phm vi p dng:
1.1-Tiu chun ny qui nh cc yu cu chung v la chn v lp t h thng
ni t ca cc thit b in lm vic vi in p xoay chiu ln hn 42V v in
p mt chiu ln hn 110V trong hng ro mt cng trnh sn xut cng nghip.
H thng ni t thit b qui nh theo tiu chun ny thuc c hai hnh thi ni
t, ni t bo v v ni t chc nng, trong ni t bo v l ch yu.
1.2- Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho vic lp t h thng ni t ca nh
my in, |ng dy ti in trn khng, trm bin p trung gian thuc cc d
n pht, dn v phn phi in nng v mt s cng trnh c cng ngh c bit
nh| cc cng trnh ngm, bn cng, sn bay, ch bin du m, hm l, v.v...
1.3-Khi lp t h thng ni t thit b, ngoi vic p dng tiu chun ny cn
phi tho mn cc yu cu qui nh trong cc h s k thut c lin quan.
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2-Ti liu vin dn:
Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v thit b in h p IEC 439-1
1992
Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v lp t in IEC 364-4
1993
Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v lp t in IEC 364-5
1994
Qui phm ca Hi k s| in Anh v lp t dy in IEE
1981
Tiu chun c v lp t in AS 3000
1991
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3-Nhng quy nh chung
3.1-Cc b phn c tnh dn in khng mang in trn ton cng trnh |c lit
k d|i y phi |c bo v chng mi nguy him do chm in gin tip bng
bin php ni t thit b kt hp vi t ng ct ngun cung cp bng thit bbo v:
- b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in nh| my bin p, myin v kh c in, v.v...
- b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b v ph kin chiu sng;- b phn truyn ng c tnh dn in ca my in v kh c in;- khung kim loi ca t, bng in v bn iu khin;- v kim loi ca cc my in di ng v cm tay;- v kim loi v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp;
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- ph|ng tin bao che v ph kin kim loi phc v lp t dy v cp innh|ng khng trc tip mang dng in nh| ng lun dy, khay, thang,
mng cp; hp ni kim loi, dy thp treo cp in, ct kim loi, v.v...
- v kim loi, tip im ni t ca cm v ca cm c dy ni di.3.2-Khng cn ni t bo v cho cc thit b c cc hnh thi bo v sau:
- thit b c cch in kp hoc cp cch in t|ng |ng;- thit b |c cp in thng qua mt bin p cch ly dng ring cho n c
cun dy pha tiu th in cch ly v in vi ngun in;
- thit b lm vic vi in p cc thp.3.3-Ni no khng th lp t dy v cp in xa hn cc kt cu kim loi phc
v mc ch khc th cc kt cu cng phi ni t. Cc kt cu kim loi phi
ni t gm:
a) ng kim loi i ni, thng, b, chu, vi, ng thi n|c bn, ng gp
n|c m|a v cc hng mc t|ng t;
b) khung s|n ca cc cn cu, thang my, bng ti, thit b bc d, gt,nh ng v cc hng mc t|ng t khc trn c lp thit b in.
c) |ng ray v kt cu thp khc tip cn |c.
Mch ni t ca cc kt cu kim loi ngoi tri phi c tng tr nh i vi
dng cao tn to bi phng in kh quyn.
3.4-Phi ni t cun th| cp ca cc my bin p o l|ng.
3.5-Trn quan im ni t, mt tp hp bao gm mt ngun cp in h p nh|
my pht in hoc my bin p, ton b dy v cp in cng cc thit b s
dng in nng ca ngun cp in phi |c coi l mt h thng in c
mt trong cc kiu ni t TN, TT v IT. Trong cc h thng ny, b phn cp
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in nh| my pht in, my bin p |c coi l ngun in nng tch ri khi
cc thit b cn li ca h thng v phn cn li |c coi l mng in.
3.6-Mi ngun cp in hoc mi mng in phi c mt thanh ci hoc u cc
ni t chnh c th ni vo :
- in cc t hoc ph|ng tin ni t ni vi im ni t ca ngun;- dy ni t bo v mch;- dy ni ng th chnh;- dy ni t chc nng (nu c yu cu);- trc ni t;- dy ni t chnh
nh| minh ho trn hnh 1.
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3.7-Phi b tr thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ch d tip cn c th
tho ri cc mi ni khi cn o in tr ni t ca h thng ni t. Mi ni
thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh phi vng chc v c v m bo duy tr
|c tnh lin tc v in v ch c th tho ri bng dng c.
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3.8-Tr tr|ng hp c bit, mi h thng in h p gm ngun cp in l
my pht in h p hoc cun h p ca my bin p v mng in ca n trong
cng trnh cng nghip phi ni t kiu TN.
3.9-Trong h thng TN, nn s dng thit b bo v qu dng nh| my ct hoc
cu ch t ng ct ngun khi c s c chm t v phi tun th cc qui nh
sau:
- trong h thng TN, chiu di ca cp xut pht t sau my ct hoc cuch khng |c v|t qu chiu di ti a tnh ton trn c s hn ch tng
tr ca mch vng chm t nhm m bo cho thit b bo v c lin
quan tc ng tin cy;
- trong s TN-S, dy trung tnh ch |c ni t ti trm bin p. Ccin cc t b sung v tr khc, nu cn, ch |c ni vo dy PE;
- trong s TN-C, khi dy trung tnh cn ni t lp li gim in pchm, phi b tr cc in cc t b sung cch khong dc theo dy PEN
trong in cc t b sung cui phi t ti phn x|ng cnh t cp
in chnh. Khng |c ct h mch dy PEN bng thit b ct bo v v
phi ni dy PEN xut pht t thanh ci PEN ca t phn phi vi v kimloi ca thit b dng in tr|c khi ni dy PEN vi cc trung tnh ca
thit b .
3.10-Ch cho php p dng kiu ni t TT cho mng in h p c cng sut
nh nu vic thc hin ni t kiu TN gp kh khn nh| khi cp in xut pht
t sau my ct hoc cu ch n ph ti qu di, khng m bo cho thit b bo
v c lin quan tc ng tin cy hoc i hi tn km khng hp l.
Phi la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun in v mng in trn c s m
bo nhy ca bo v chm t v nn s dng thit b dng in d| lm thit
b ct bo v.
3.11-H thng h p ni t kiu IT ch p dng khi c nhng yu cu c bit
v an ton cp in. in tr ni t ca mng in trong h thng IT phi ph
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hp vi thit b kim tra cch in i vi t ca mng in , nhm pht hin
nhanh im chm t th nht v phi m bo cho thit b bo v t ng ct
nhanh ngun in ra khi mng in khi im chm t th hai xut hin m
im chm t th nht ch|a |c loi tr.
Phi t bo v chng qu in p tn s cng nghip cho mng in. Nu
ngun in l my bin p c in p pha s cp ln hn 1000V th phi t bo
v chc thng cch in cho cun h p ca my bin p.
3.12-Khi trm bin p cp in h p cho mt cng trnh cng nghip trc tip
ni vi l|i cao p bn ngoi cng trnh, nu vic thc hin mt h thng ni t
chung cho thit b in cao p v thit b in h p ca trm gp kh khn v
i hi tn km khng hp l th nn p dng hai h thng ni t ring bit:mt cho thit b in cao p v mt cho thit b in h p.
3.13-Khi cng trnh cng nghip c trm bin p trung gian hoc trm ct u
vo phn phi in nng c in p dy nm trong khong t 3kV n 24kV
cho cc trm bin p h p ca cc phn x|ng hoc khu vn phng th mi trm
bin p nh| th phi c mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v
h p v phi p dng s TN pha h p.
3.14-Trong cng trnh cng nghip, im trung tnh ca my pht, v my pht,
v cc thit b in v cc kt cu kim loi ca trm pht in d phng u phi
ni vi in cc t thng qua mt u cc hoc thanh ci ni t chnh v phi
ni u cc hoc thanh ci ni t chnh ny vi thanh ci bo v trong t cp
in cho ph ti s c bng dy bo v i cng vi cp cp ngun t my pht,
ng thi ni thanh ci bo v trong t cp in cho ph ti s c vi thanh ci
t trong t ng ct in tng ca trm bin p th|ng trc c lin quan. Numy pht d phng gn ngun th|ng trc, im trung tnh ca n |c php
ni vi in cc t ca ngun ny v khng cn c in cc t khu vc my
pht.
3.15-Vic la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun v mng in trong mt h
thng in h p tr|c ht phi da trn c s tnh ton dng ngn mch chm
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t ln nht trong h thng in h p kt hp vi mt s gii php v cu
hnh ni t v ni ng th nhm tho mn cc yu cu v in p chm trong
iu 3.16.
3.16- ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p chm trong h thng in h p
khng |c v|t qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 1 vi iu kin in p chm cho
php l 42V i vi dng xoay chiu tn s cng nghip v l 110V i vi dng
mt chiu.
Bng 1 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p chm trong h
thng in h p ph thuc ln ca n vi iu kin in p chm cho
php l 42V i vi dng xoay chiu tn s cng nghip v l 110V i vi
dng mt chiu.
Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p
chm
s
Tr s hiu dng ca in
p chm
V
i vi dng xoay chiu
tn s cng nghip
i vi dng mt chiu
42
50
65
75
90
110
150
5,00
4,00
3,00
0,60
0,45
0,34
0,27
0,17
5,00
5,00
5,00
5,00
5,00
5,00
1,00
0,40
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220
280
350
500
0,12
0,08
0,04
0,30
0,20
0,10
3.17-Khi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mt trm bin p lm vic vi
in p cao pha s cp, ngoi vic p ng cc yu cu ca iu 3.15, cn phi
tun th cc qui nh trong phn 8 ca bn tiu chun ny.
3.18-Phi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mng in sao cho:
a) gi tr in tr t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mng inn im ni t ca ngun in i vi cc h thng TN, hoc n
in cc t ca mng in i vi cc h thng TT v IT, phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu bo v v chc nng ca mng in v phi c
trin vng gi |c hiu qu lu di;
b) dng ngn mch chm t v dng in c th r ra t phi |c dni m khng gy nguy him g, c bit l do cc hiu ng cng thngv nhit, c nhit v c in;
c) trang b ni t phi bn chc hoc c thm ph|ng tin bo v chc c th thch nghi vi cc iu kin nh h|ng t bn ngoi.
3.19-Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi ht sc thn trng nhm trnh nguy c
to ra hin t|ng in phn lm hng cc b phn kim loi khc.
3.20-Nu mt khu vc sn xut no , mt s mng in khc nhau phi s
dng cc h thng ni t ring r th bt c dy bo v no chy qua gia hai
mng in khc nhau nh| vy cng phi sc mang dng in ngn mch
chm t ln nht c kh nng chy qua n hoc ch |c php ni t trong
phm vi mng in c lin quan vi n v phi |c cch in i vi h thng
ni t ca cc mng in khc. Trong tr|ng hp th hai, nu dy bo v l
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thnh phn ca mt si cp th dy bo v ch |c ni t trong phm vi
mng in c cha thit b ct bo v c lin quan vi n.
3.21-C th chia h thng ni t ca mt mng in thnh nhiu h thng ni
t con v trong tr|ng hp ny, mi h thng ni t con nh| th cng phi
|c lp t ph hp vi cc yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny.
3.22-H thng ni t c th s dng kt hp hoc ring r cho hai mc ch bo
v v chc nng tu thuc cc yu cu ca mng in. Ni no h thng ni t
s dng kt hp cho c hai mc ch bo v v chc nng, th phi |u tin
cho cc yu cu v ni t bo v.
4-Lp t in cc t:
4.1-Mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t ca h thng ni t bo v thit
b in cng nghip phi thc hin bng cch s dng in cc t.
4.2-Cc loi in cc t |c tha nhn v kch th|c ti thiu ca chng |c
lit k d|i y:
a) in cc thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn:- in cc thanh kim loi trn dng cc nhn phi c |ng knh qui
nh bi thit k, nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh hn
16mm nu l in cc thp v khng |c nh hn 12mm nu l
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in cc kim loi khng phi thp hoc l in cc c lp kim loi
bc ngoi khng phi st hoc thp; khng |c dng thanh thp
gai hoc thanh ct thp lm in cc t dng cc nhn;
- in cc thanh thp gc phi c chiu dy khng nh hn 4mm;in cc thanh thp gc phi |c m km nng hoc |c bo v
chng n mn bng ph|ng php khc;
- in cc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi c |ng knh trong tithiu 19mm v chiu dy ng ti thiu 2,45mm; in cc ng thp
phi |c m km nng hoc |c bo v chng n mn bng
ph|ng php khc v phi l loi ng rn chc.
b) in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn nm ngng:- in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi c kch th|c qui
nh bi thit k nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh hn
25mm x 1,5mm nu l thanh ng dt v khng |c nh hn
35mm2nu l dy ng trn;
- in cc thanh thp dt nm ngang phi c kch th|c khng nhhn 40m x 4m; cn in cc thanh thp trn nm ngang phi c
|ng knh khng nh hn 16mm; in cc thanh thp dt hoc
trn nm ngang phi |c m km nng hoc |c bo v chng n
mn bng ph|ng php khc; khng |c dng thanh thp gai hoc
thanh ct thp lm in cc t nm ngang.
Thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn dng lm in cc nm ngang phi c
chiu di ti thiu 3m. Tit din ca in cc t nm ngang cho cc thitb in c in p ln hn 1000V phi |c chn theo bn nhit xut
pht t nhit pht nng cho php l 400oC.
c) in cc tm kim loi:
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in cc tm kim loi phi l tm ng cng c chiu dy khng nh hn
1.5mm. Nn hn ch dng loi in cc ny v l do n mn, c bit l
cc ch ni.
d) in cc kim loi t chn mng cng trnh:in cc ny phi |c hn ni vi kt cu thp ca mng t nht hai
im cch xa nhau. Cc khu ni vi dy ni t chnh phi v tr d tip
cn kim tra v sau v vic thi cng cc mi ni phi |c gim st
cht ch tr|c khi b tng mng.
4.3-Cc b phn kim loi sau y c th dng lm in cc t t nhin:
- cc ng dn n|c khng thuc dch v cp n|c cng cng v cc ngdn bng kim loi khc t d|i t ca cng trnh tr cc |ng ng
dn cc cht lng d chy, kh v hp cht chy, n.
- thanh ging gia c v kt cu thp ca b tng d|i t ca nh vcng trnh xy dng, nh|ng phi thn trng khng lm hng ct
thp ca b tng chu ng lc tr|c.
- v bc ch hoc v bc kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cp thomn cc iu kin ca iu 4.4;
- cc kt cu kim loi khc chn d|i t c mi tip xc hiu qu vbn vng vi ton khi t ph hp vi cc iu kin ca bn tiu
chun ny.
4.4-V bc ch v v bc bng kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cc cp in
khng s h| hng v n mn thi qu c th dng lm in cc t min l c stho thun bng vn bn ca n v s hu cp v phi c s dn xp thch hp
n v s dng mng in cnh gic vi bt c thay i no trong h thng
cp c th lm hng vai tr in cc t ca cc cp ny.
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4.5-Vt liu s dng v cu to ca in cc t phi m bo cho n chng
|c ph hng do n mn.
4.6-Khi chn in cc t phi tnh n kh nng tng in tr ca in cc t
do n mn qua thi gian s dng.
4.7-Tt c cc loi in cc t phi c b mt sch khng ph sn, men hoc
cc vt liu khc c dn in km.
4.8-in cc t lp t ngoi to nh phi v tr t phi d|i m|a nng v xa
hn cc kt cu kim loi chn d|i t phc v mc ch khc. in cc t lp
t ngoi to nh phi t cch mng khng t hn 1m.
4.9-Phi duy tr c ly khng nh hn 0,5m gia in cc t v kt cu kim loichn d|i t ca cc h thng khc nhm hn ch kh nng xut hin tc dng
in phn c hi cho in cc hoc cho h thng khc.
4.10-in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi |c ng su
xung t ti su qui nh bi thit k. t phi lin th v chn cht ln ton
b chiu di ca in cc t. Khi chn v tr ng in cc t, phi chn ni
sn c m cao nht nu iu kin thc t cho php.
su lp t in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn do thit k
qui nh nh|ng nn trong khong t 0,5m n 1,2m tnh t nh cc n mt
t lin th. Cn chn su lp t in cc ln khi in tr sut ca t gim
theo su.
4.11-in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi |c chn cht trong
m|ng t nm ngang. t lp li phi l t ng nht, khng |c cha
rm v ph liu xy dng v phi |c m cht.
su lp t in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn do thit k qui nh
nh|ng nn trong khong t 0,5m n 1,2m tnh t nh trn ca in cc n
mt t lin th. Cn chn su lp t in cc ln khi in tr sut ca t
gim theo su.
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4.12-Chiu di ca in c|c t dng cc nhn do thit k qui nh nh|ng nn
trong khong t 2,5m n 3m. Cho php hn ni nhm tng chiu di ca in
cc trong tr|ng
hp in cc t cn c chiu di ln hn 3m, min l khng lm suy gim tnh
lin tc v in v v c ca in cc.
4.13-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, in cc t dng cc nhn ng thng ng
hoc nghing thuc h thng ni t ca mt phn x|ng phi ng cch nhau
khng qu 20m v ni vi nhau bng cc on in cc t nm ngang hnh
thnh mt mch vng in cc bao quanh phn x|ng .
4.14-Khi ng in cc t dng cc nhn xung t, phi s dng chp u cc
chuyn dng khng lm hng u trn ca in cc. Tr|ng hp t qu
cng, cho php s dng khoan mi c |ng knh mi khoan nh hn |ng
knh ca in cc sao cho khi ng in cc xung l khoan, cc lp t phi
chn cht ln ton b chiu di ca n.
4.15-Dy ni gia cc u cc dng thanh hoc ng kim loi dng lm in cc
phi c tit din khng nh hn tit din ca dy ni t chnh. Phi t dy ni
ny su do thit k qui nh nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nhhn 0,5m tnh t mt trn ca dy n mt t lin th.
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5-Lp t dy ni t chnh:
5.1-Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi c gng dy ni t chnh chy thng tthanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh n in cc t hoc ph|ng tin khc to
|c mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t. Khng |c u vo on dy
ni t chnh i t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh n in cc t bt k
dy bo v no ca cc thit b in nm dc theo hnh trnh ca n.
5.2-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, dy ni t chnh dng trong h thng ni t
ca thit bi in cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in PVC c kt cu
li ng ti lm ngui chm, nhiu si bn xon, cch in c mang k hiu
mu xanh v vng kt hp.
5.3-Khng |c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni t chnh
chn trong t hoc trc tip ni vi in cc.
5.4-Khng |c dng ph|ng tin bao che dy v cp in, dy thp treo cp
in, v kim loi v lp bc thp ca cp lm dy ni t chnh.
5.5-Dy ni t chnh khng |c i chung vi dy dn ca mt t ng ct in
nhnh hoc ca mt ph ti nhnh trong mt ng lun dy hoc ng bao che.
5.6-Phi chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh ph hp vi qui nh ca iu 6.2
hoc 6.3 v nu chn trong t hoc trc tip ni vi in cc, tit din ca dy
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ni t chnh chn theo iu 6.2 hoc 6.3 cn phi tho mn iu kin b sung l
khng |c nh hn gi tr qui nh trong bng 2.
Bng 2 Bng qui nh tit din ti thiu ca dy ni t chnh chn trong
t
c bo v chng phhng c hc
khng c bo v chngph hng c hc
c bo v chng n mn theo qui nh ca iu6.2
16mm2 ng
16mm2 thp
khng c bo v chngn mn
25mm2 ng
50mm2 thp
25mm2 ng
50mm2 thp
5.7-Khng cn chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca dy pha
mang in ca mch cp in tng trong cc tr|ng hp sau:
a) Tr|ng hp trn tt c cc l cp in cho cc t ng ct in nhnhv cc ph ti nhnh, cch in kp |c duy tr sut t hng kp dy
pha ph ti ca thit b bo v trong t ng ct in tng n tn hpdy vo ca ph ti in. Trong tr|ng hp ny c th chn tit din
nh nht ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca dy pha mang in
ca l ra c cng sut ln nht cp in cho t ng ct in nhnh
hoc cho ph ti nhnh;
b) Tr|ng hp dy dn ca mch cp in tng c tit din ln hn yucu tho mn nhu cu ti a ca ph ti tng ca mng in do phi
hn ch in p ri trn n.Trong tr|ng hp ny c th chn tit din
nh nht ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din nh nht ca dy pha tho
mn nhu cu ti a ca ph ti tng.
Dy ni t chnh khng trc tip ni vi in cc t v khng chn d|i t c
tit din chn ph hp vi 5.7 a hoc 5.7 b cn phi tho mn yu cu b sung l
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khng |c nh hn 4 mm2 nu l dy ng hoc khng nh hn 16mm2nu l
dy nhm.
Dy ni t chnh trc tip ni vi in cc hoc chn d|i t c tit din chn
ph hp vi 5.7 a hoc 5.7 b cn phi tho mn iu kin b sung l khng |c
nh hn gi tr qui nh trong bng 2 ca iu 5.6.
5.8-Dy ni t chnh khi i ni mt ngoi to nh phi |c bo v chng ph
hng c hc trong phm vi 1,8m tnh t mt t hon thin.
5.9-Mi ni dy ni t chnh vo in cc t phi thc hin trong ging kim
tra vi kp ni bng kim loi khng phi st hoc khu ni vng chc khc c b
mt tip xc bng kim loi khng phi st |c k s| ph trch gim st lp t
in ca ch u t| ph duyt. Phi d tr mt chiu cao ti thiu 150mm cho
nh in cc nh ln khi mt t trong ging kim tra ni dy ni t chnh
vo in cc t.
5.10-Mi ni ca dy ni t chnh vo thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh
phi thc hin bng kp dy vng chc kp dy ni t chnh gia cc b
mt kim loi v phi
m bo khng lm bung cc si bn ca cp. Khi dng kp ni cp xit cht
bng vt hoc bu lng th kp phi c khng t hn hai vt hoc bu lng.
5.11-Cnh mi im ni ca dy ni t chnh vi in cc t v cnh mi
im ni ca dy ny vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh, phi treo bin
cht do c ghi dng ch bn vng Mi ni in an ton, Khng |c tho vi
phng ch d c, chiu cao ch khng d|i 4,75mm, v tr d trng thy.
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6-Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip:
6.1-Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din:
- hoc tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2;- hoc, khi khng c iu kin tnh ton, c th chn theo bng 7 cho
trong iu 6.3.
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Trong c hai tr|ng hp, phi i chiu kt qu thu |c vi qui nh ca iu
6.4.
6.2-Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din khng nh hn
gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau y, ch p dng cho thi gian ct bo v khng
qu 5 giy:
S =k
tI2
mm2
trong :
S l tit din tnh bng mm2
I l gi tr (hiu dng nu l dng xoay chiu) ca dng in chm t khi s c
c tng tr khng ng k, c th chy qua thit b bo v c lin quan, tnh
bng A
t l thi gian tc ng ca thit b ct bo v, tnh bng giy
k l tha s ph thuc vt liu ca dy bo v, cch in v cc tham s khc,
nhit ban u v nhit cui ca n.
Gi tr ca k i vi dy bo v trong cc ng dng hoc dch v khc nhau cho
trong cc bng 3, 4, 5 v 6. Cc gi tr ca k da trn nhit ban u v nhit
cui ghi y bng.
Nu p dng cng thc trn m thu |c kch th|c phi tiu chun th kch th|c
ca dy bo v phi ly bng gi tr tiu chun ln hn gn nht.
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Bng 3 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v bc cch in khng lng trong
cp v khng buc thnh chm vi cp hoc dng tnh dy bo v trn
tip xc vi v bc cp
Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cpVt liu dy dn
PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit
90oC
ng
Nhm
Thp
143
95
52
166
110
60
176
116
64
Nhit ban u gi
thit
Nhit cui
30oC
160oC
30oC
220oC
30oC
250oC
Bng 4 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v l mt li lng trong cp hocbuc thnh chm vi cp
Vt liu cch inVt liu dy dn
PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit
90oC
ng
Nhm
115
76
134
89
143
94
Nhit ban u gi
thit
70oC
160oC
85oC
220oC
90oC
250oC
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Nhit cui
Bng 5 - Gi tr k tnh dy bo v l v bc kim loi hoc lp bc thp
ca cp
Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cpVt liu dy dn
PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit
90oC
ng
Nhm
Thp
44
81
22
51
93
26
54
98
27
Nhit ban u gi
thit
Nhit cui
60oC
160oC
75oC
220oC
80oC
250oC
Bng 6 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v khng bc cch in ni khng
c nguy c lm h| hng vt liu t gn do nhit ch nh trong bng
Cc iu kinVt liu dy dn
nhn thy v
trong din tch
hn ch *
cc iu kin
thng th|ng
c nguy c
chy
ng 228 159 138
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Nhm
Thp
125
82
105
58
91
50
Nhit ban u gi
thit
Nhit cui:
dy dn ng
dy dn nhm
dy dn thp
30oC
500oC
300oC
500oC
30oC
200oC
200oC
200oC
30oC
150oC
150oC
150oC
Ghi ch:
* Nhit cho trong bng ch c gi tr khi n khng c hi cho cht l|ng mi
ni.
6.3-Khi khng c d liu tnh tit din dy bo v khng phi l dy ni
ng th theo cng thc cho trong iu 6.2, c th chn tit din ca dy bo v
khng phi l dy ni ng th theo bng 7 mc du ph|ng php ny nhiu khi
khng kinh t. Nu kch th|c thu |c ca dy bo v l phi tiu chun th chn
dy tiu chun c tit din ln hn gn nht.
Bng 7 - Tit din nh nht ca dy bo v tu thuc tit din ca dy pha
trong mch t|ng ng
Tit din ngang ca dy pha trong
mch t|ng ng (S)
mm2
Tit din ngang nh nht ca dy bo
v (Sp)
mm2
S 16 S
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16 S 35
35 S 400
400 S 800
S 800
16
S/2
200
S/4
Ghi ch:
Cc gi tr qui nh trong bng 7 ch p dng cho dy bo v ch to bng kim
loi ging ca dy pha trong mch t|ng ng. Cn nu khng phi nh| th th
chn tit din ca dy bo v sao cho dn in ca n khng nh hn dn
in ca dy bo v chn theo bng 7 |c gi nh c cng vt liu ch to vidy pha.
6.4-Nu dy bo v l ring r, khng phi l thnh phn ca cp cp in, hoc
ca ph|ng tin bao che cp th trong mi tr|ng hp, n phi c tit din khng
nh hn:
- 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc- 4mm2nu khng c bo v c hc
v phi ph hp vi qui nh ca cc iu 6.7, 6.8, 6.9 ca bn tiu chun ny.
Vi dy bo v chn d|i t th p dng iu 5.6 ca bn tiu chun ny.
Ring tit din ca dy ni ng th phi ph hp vi phn 7 ca bn tiu chun
ny.
6.5-Tr|ng hp mt dy bo v |c dng chung cho nhiu mch nh| tr|ng
hp ca trc ni t th tit din ca dy bo v phi:
- |c tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2 vi gi tr km thun li nht cadng chm t v ca thi gian tc ng ca thit b bo v, chn trong
s cc mch c lin quan, hoc
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- |c chn theo bng 7 cho trong iu 6.3 ng vi tit din ca dy phaln nht trong s cc mch c lin quan.
6.6-Cc vt dn k sau y |c php dng lm dy bo v:
- li dn trong mt cp nhiu li trong khi cc li kia dng lm dymang in ca mch c dy bo v ;
- dy trn hoc bc cch in t chung trong cng mt ph|ng tin baoche vi cc dy mang in ca mch c dy bo v ;
- dy trn hoc dy bc cch in ri t c nh;- ng lun dy hoc cc ph|ng tin bao che dy khc bng kim loi
tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.12;
- v kim loi, mn chn v lp bc thp ca mt s loi cp tho mncc yu cu ca iu 6.13;
- mt s b phn c tnh dn in ng ri.tho mn cc yu cu caiu 6.14.
6.7-Dy bo v c tit din nh hn 10mm2 phi l dy ng hoc nhm bcng nhiu si bn xon c s si bn khng |c t hn by.
6.8-Dy bo v li cng phi c tit din khng nh hn 10mm2v chiu dy
khng nh hn 1,5mm nu l dy ng dt hoc phi c tit din khng nh hn
16mm2v chiu dy khng nh hn 2mm nu l dy nhm dt.
6.9-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, tt c cc dy bo v i ni trong h thng ni
t ca thit bi in cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in PVC c mangk hiu mu xanh v vng kt hp.
Cc loi dy bo v sau y khng cn phi bc cch in:
a) dy trn khng;
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b) dy l|i dt;c) thanh dn cng;d) v bc cp c cch in khong;e) dy thp treo cp;f) ph|ng tin bao che dy in dng lm dy bo v;g) dy ng chn trc tip trong t hoc t trong ph|ng tin bao che
chn d|i t.vi iu kin tit din ca n khng nh hn 35mm2 .
6.10-Dy bo v lng trong v bc kim loi ca mt cp nhiu li cng vi cc
dy mang in ch |c dng ni t cho thit b in, k c tip im ni tca cm, |c cp in t mch i bn trong cp .
6.11-Dy bo v i cng vi cc dy mang in bn trong mt ng lun dy
hoc mng hp ch |c dng ni t cho thit b in, k c tip im ni
t ca cm, |c cp in t mch i bn trong ng lun dy hoc mng hp
. Tt c cc dy bo v t trong ng lun dy hoc mng hp bng kim loi
phi ni vi ng lun dy hoc mng hp .
6.12-V bao che v khung kim loi ca trang b in do nh ch to t hp sn
hoc v bao che kim loi ca h thng mng hp dn thanh ci |c php dng
lm dy bo v nu chng ng thi tho mn ba yu cu sau y:
a) tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m bo khnng bo v chng ph hng c hc, ho hc v in ho;
b) tit din ca chng t nht cng phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hpvi iu 6.2;
c) cho php ni vo chng cc dy bo v khc ti cc im ni xc nhtr|c.
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6.13-V bc kim loi v/hoc lp bc thp hoc lp bc kim loi khc ca cp,
c bit l v bc ca cp c cch in khong c th dng lm dy bo v nu
chng ng thi tho mn cc yu cu a v b ca iu 6.12.
6.14-Dy bo v hnh thnh t cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi ng
thi tho mn bn yu cu sau y:
a) tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m bo khnng bo v chng ph hng c hc, ho hc v in ho;
b) tit din ca chng t nht phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi iu6.2;
c) phi c cc bin php gia c cn thn chng li s tho d chng;d) chng vn |c ch to cho cng dng ny hoc, nu cn, c th lm
cho chng thch nghi vi cng dng ny.
6.15-Khng |c chn bt k thit b ng ct no vo trong mch ca dy bo
v nh|ng cho php c cc mi ni chc chn c th tho bng dng c phc
v mc ch th nghim.
6.16-Cc mi ni ca dy bo v phi v tr d tip cn kim tra v th
nghim tr khi mi ni ca dy bo v l thnh phn ca mt khu ni cp in
nm trong hp ni kn hoc nhn chm trong nha cch in.
6.17-ng lun dy hoc ng bao che bng kim loi, lp bc kim loi hoc v
thp ca cp hoc dy thp treo, cp, nm ngoi hoc c sn bn trong si
cp, ch |c php dng lm dy ni t bo v chnh mch in i trong ng
kim loi hoc i trong cp .
6.18-Phi thi cng tht tt cc khu ni trn ng lun dy v mng dy in,
lp bc kim loi v v thp ca cp m bo tnh lin tc v in ca dy bo
v v phi c
bin php bo v chng n mn v chng ph hng c hc cho cc khu ni .
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6.19-ng kim loi v thnh phn ca cng trnh kt cu thp khi dng lm mt
b phn ca dy bo v phi c cc cu ni kim loi vi kim loi.
6.20-ng kim loi dn kh t hoc cht lng d chy khng |c dng lm dy
bo v. Yu cu ny khng ngn cn vic ni dy ng th vo cc ng .
6.21-Tuyn khay hoc thang cp phi m bo tnh lin tc v in v phi ni
vo l|i in cc t ca ngun cp in cho cc cp i trong n sau mi khong
cch khng qu 30m, nh|ng khng |c dng bn thn khay hoc thang cp lm
dy ni t. Vic la chn v lp t dy bo v ca cc mch in i trong khay
hoc thang cp phi tun theo qui nh ca iu 3.20.
6.22-
ng lun dy bng kim loi co dn hoc gp |c khng |c dng lmdy bo v.
6.23-Khng |c dng dy bo v xut pht t thanh ci hoc hng kp ni t
ca mt t in ny ni t cho thit b |c cp in t mt t in khc.
6.24-Cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca cc kh c in khng |c dng
lm thnh phn ca dy bo v cho mt thit b in khc.
6.25-Dy ni t bo v khng |c i ngang qua cc kt cu st t trnh
hin t|ng cm ng v hiu ng gn, c th lm tng tng tr mch vng chm
t c lin quan.
6.26-Trong trm bin p phn x|ng, cho php lp t mt mch vng trc ni
t trong nh trm cho ni vo mch vng ny cc nhnh r l cc dy ni t
bo v ca cc thit b in v kim loi bao che ca trm. Cc mch vng trc
ni t ny c th chy men theo t|ng, dc theo cc rnh cp hoc cc tuynkhay cp v phi ni vi l|i in cc bao quanh trm t nht hai im cch xa
nhau.
6.27-Trong mng in phn x|ng, cho php lp t cc trc ni t trong v
ngoi nh x|ng cho ni vo trc ny cc nhnh r l cc dy ni t bo v
ca khung, v t hoc bng in, ph kin kim loi phc v lp t dy in, ct
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n |ng trong cng trnh, bnh b, ng cng ngh v cc kt cu kim loi ca
nh x|ng v bng ti. Cc trc ni t ny c th chy men theo t|ng, dc
theo cc rnh cp, hoc cc tuyn khay, thang cp v phi ni vo l|i ni t
thng nht ca ton cng trnh sau mi khong cch khng qu 50m.
6.28-Khng |c ni dy ni t bo v t thit b ny sang thit b khc tr|c
khi ni vi trc ni t hoc vi thanh ci ni t chnh ca phn x|ng.
6.29-Cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri khng |c dng lm dy PEN.
6.30-Ph|ng tin kim loi bao che dy v cp in khng |c dng lm dy
PEN
6.31-Dy PEN phi |c bc cch in ph hp vi in p cao nht ca mngin c th lp t n trong mng in , nh|ng dy PEN khng bt buc
phi cch in khi n i bn trong cc t hp thit b ng ct v thit b iu
khin.
6.32-Nu dng thit b gim st v kim tra mch ni t th khng |c chn
cun dy ng tc vo mch ca dy bo v.
6.33-Dy bo v mch ca mch cp in cho ph ti mch vng cng phi chytheo mch vng v phi ni t c hai u ti ni mch in xut pht.
6.34-Khi dng thit b bo v chng in git tc ng theo in p s c, phi
l|u ch ni dy bo v vo b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in c
ngun cp s b ct bi thit b bo v khi c s c chm t.
6.35-Ni no mt kh c in |c cp in bng cp mm hoc dy in mm
ni vi phch v cm th:
a) dy ni t sn c trong cp hoc dy in mm phi ni vi chu ni tring bit ca phch cm;
b) ngoi ra nu cp hoc dy in mm c v bc kim loi th v bc phi phi ni tht tt v in v v c vi khung kim loi ca kh c in
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v vi phn kim loi ni t ca phch v ca khu ni chuyn tip , nu
c, gia phch v cm.
6.36-Phi lm u ct cho u dy bo v ni vi b phn kim loi h ca
thit b in. Kch th|c ca u ct phi ph hp vi tit in ca dy bo v v
ph hp vi l bu lng dnh sn cho mc ch ni t. Khi lm u ct cho u
dy bo v thit b in, khng |c ng tip xc vi nhm.
6.37-Phi lm u ct ng cho u dy bo v ng ni vi cc bnh b hoc
ng cng ngh hoc cc kt cu kim loi cn ni t khc.
6.38-i vi cp c v kim loi v cc lp kim loi che chn bn trong, phi ni
cc lp kim loi che chn bn trong vi v kim loi ca cp, cn mi ni chnh
ca dy ni t bo v th phi thc hin trn v kim loi ca cp v nu cp
lun qua mt bin dng pha khng th dy ni t bo v phi lun qua bin
dng pha khng tr|c khi ni vi t.
6.39-Kh nng ti dng in ca kp hoc ph kin u ni ca dy bo v phi
bng hoc ln hn so vi cc thnh phn dn in |c ni vi nhau.
6.40-Khi cn thit, dy ni t bo v ca mi ct n |ng v ca mi ct ca
|ng dy ti in trong hng ro cng trnh c th ni vi trc ni t xuyn
qua mt mch vng san bng th c bn knh 1m bng thp dt m km 25 x 3
chn quanh mng ct su 0,45m tnh t mt t lin th.
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7-Lp t dy ni ng th:
7.1-Phi la chn v lp t cc dy ni ng th theo ng cc yu cu ca bn
tiu chun ny nhm hn ch n mc thp nht nguy c xut hin chnh lch
in p gia cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v cc b phn
c tnh dn in tip cn |c khng lin quan n thit b in.
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7.2-|ng ng kim loi dn n|c chnh ca mt to nh c cha trang b dng
in phi |c ni t bng mt dy ni ng th chnh ni n vi thanh ci
hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mng in ca to nh v phi m bo tnh
lin tc v kim loi ca phn |ng ng ni trn mt t t bn trong to nh ra
ti im tip xc vi mt t.
7.3-i vi dch v cp n|c, im ni ca dy ni ng th chnh phi thc
hin cng gn im |ng ng bt u i vo cng trnh cng tt vi iu kin l
nu ti im |ng ng c mt on ng cch in chn vo th im ni
ng th phi thc hin phn kim loi cnh on ng cch in ny v pha h
tiu dng.
7.4-Cc h thng ng khc lin quan vi cc hng phun n|c cu ho hoc dnkh t, n|c nng, cht lng chy, kh trnh khi tip xc vi b phn c
tnh dn in h ca cc ph|ng tin bao che dy in v cc thit b in
khc, u phi ni ng th vi cc thit b in .
Cc b phn kim loi thuc cc h thng khc cn ni ng th |c lit k sau
y:
- cc b phn kim loi tip cn |c ca cc tuyn ng, thng, b cngngh;
- kt cu thp tip cn |c;- khung s|n ca cn cu, ca thang my v ca thit b t|ng t.
7.5-i vi ng dch v cp kh t, im ni ng th phi nm cnh ng h
o v pha h tiu dng, gia u ni vi ng h v nhnh ng r u tin v
cch ng h khng qu 60cm.
7.6-Vt liu v chng loi ca dy ni ng th phi tho mn mi yu cu trong
phn 6 ca bn tiu chun ny i vi dy bo v ni chung. Dy ni ng th
vn hnh trong iu kin m thp phi l dy bc cch in mt li bng ng
ti lm ngui chm nhiu si bn xon, c s si bn khng t hn by.
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7.7-Khng |c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni ng th lp
t trong khu vc cc thng, b cha n|c, hoc ni vo cc b phn th|ng
xuyn tip xc vi n|c k c n|c xut hin do ng|ng t trong iu kin vn
hnh bnh th|ng, hoc ni vi cc |ng ng dn cc sn phm nhit cao
hn hoc thp hn nhit mt tr|ng.
7.8-Dy ni ng th chnh phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din
ca dy bo v ln nht ca mng in v trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c nh
hn 6mm2nu l dy ng hoc khng |c nh hn 10mm2nu l dy nhm.
Tuy vy, tit din ca n khng cn phi ln hn 25mm2nu l dy ng hoc
phi c mt tit din tho mn dn in t|ng |ng nu l dy bng vt liu
khc.
7.9-Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b
in phi c tit din khng nh hn tit din ca dy bo v nh hn trong s
cc dy bo v ni vo cc b phn c tnh dn in h ny v trong mi
tr|ng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn
4mm2nu khng c bo v c hc.
7.10-Dy ni ng th b sung ni mt b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit
b in vi mt b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh
hn mt na tit din ca dy bo v ni vo b phn c tnh dn in h ca
thit b in v trong mi tr|ng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c
hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2nu khng c bo v c hc.
7.11-Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c
tit din khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn
4mm2
nu khng c bo v c hc, ngoi tr tr|ng hp mt trong hai b phnc tnh dn in ng ri ni trn ni vi mt b phn c tnh dn in h ca
thit b in v trong tr|ng hp ny dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn
c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din ca
dy bo v ni vo b phn c tnh dn in h
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ca thit b in v trong mi tr|ng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v
c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2nu khng c bo v c hc.
7.12-Cho php dng cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri ph hp ca mt kt
cu th|ng trc v bn vng hoc cc vt dn b sung hoc kt hp c hai lm
dy ni ng th b sung.
7.13-Vic thi cng cc mi ni v lm u cui cho dy ni ng th phi tun
theo mi qui nh trong phn 6 ca bn tiu chun ny i vi dy bo v ni
chung.
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8-Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v trm bin p h p
8.1-Phn 8 qui nh thm nhng yu cu ni t nhm m bo an ton chong|i v thit b lm vic trong h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t
trong h thng in cao p pha s cp ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng
in h p ngoi nhng yu cu ni t qui nh trong cc phn khc ca bn
tiu chun ny.
8.2- ln v thi gian duy tr ln nht ca in p s c chm t ca h thng
in h p khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in cho
h thng in h p khng |c v|t qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 8.
Bng 8 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p s c chm t
ca h thng in h p ph thuc ln ca n khi c ngn mch chm
t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in.
Tr s hiu dng ca in p li trn
trang b ni t
V
Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca
in p li trn trang b ni t
s
75
90
5,00
1,00
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120
150
220
350
420
500
600
670
0,60
0,50
0,40
0,34
0,27
0,15
0,08
0,04
8.3- ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p tn s cng nghip c hi cho cch
in ca thit b trong mng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p
ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p khng |c v|t qu cc
gi tr cho trong bng 9.
Bng 9 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p tn s cng nghip
c hi chocch in ca thit b trong mng in h p ph thuc ln
ca n khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in.
Gi tr ln nht cho php ca in p c
hi cho cch in thit b trong mng in
h p
V
Thi gian duy tr
s
1,5 Un
1,5 Un + 750
5
5
Ghi ch: Un l in p danh nh gia dy pha v t
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8.4-H thng ni t ca mt trm bin p cp in cho thit b in h p nn l
mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v h p v phi ni vo
cc i t|ng sau y:
a) tt c cc b phn kim loi tip cn |c dng ng hoc dydn cao p;
b) tt c cc b phn kim loi ni vi cc b phn kim loi k trong mca;
c) v kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca cc thit b in cao p;d) cc chng st van cao p;e) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao v h p;f) trung tnh h p ca my bin p;g) v thng my bin p;h) cc chng st van h p;i) thanh ci ni t ca t ng ct in tng ca mng h p;
j) dy ni ng th chnh ca h thng ng n|c chn ngm;k) kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v t|ng.
Cc i t|ng cn ni t k trn phi ni vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t
chnh ca trm bin p nh| minh ho trn hnh 2.
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8.5-Mi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca h thng ni t ca trm binp phi c t nht hai dy ni vi in cc t. Nn ni hai dy ni t chnh cn
c y vo cc gc i din nm hai u mt |ng cho ca mch vng
in cc t bao quanh trm.
8.6-Cho php thc hin mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v
h p ca trm bin p nu in tr ni t ca n khng ln hn 1 . H thng
ni t chung ca trm bin p c in tr ni t khng ln hn 1 |c coi l tho mn cc qui nh trong cc iu 8.8 v 8.9 ca bn tiu chun ny.
8.7-Tr|ng hp khng th p ng yu cu ca mc 8.6 th trang b ni t ca
trm bin p phi ng thi tho mn cc qui nh trong cc iu 8.8 v 8.9 ca
bn tiu chun ny nhm m bo an ton cho ng|i v thit b lm vic trong
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h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p ca
trm bin p cp ngun cho h thng in h p va ni.
8.8-H thng ni t ca trm bin p phi tun th cc qui nh 8.8.1; 8.8.2;
8.8.3 v 8.8.4 tu thuc tng cu hnh ni t pha h p.
8.8 1-Cc k hiu |c s dng trong cc mc tip theo:
Im l phn ca dng in ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p chy
qua in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p.
R l in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm
bin p.
Uo l in p pha tc in p gia dy pha vi dy trung tnh ca h thng in
h p.
U l in p dy tc in p gia dy pha vi dy pha ca h thng in h p.
Uf l in p s c chm t hay cn gi l in p li trn trang b ni t
trong h thng in h p.
U1 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca trm bin p
U2 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca mng in h p.
8.8.2-Cc h thng TN:
a) Ch |c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc tca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TN-a
trn hnh 3) khi c th ct in p s c chm t R x Im ra khi cc b
phn ny trong khong thi gian cho trong bng 8.
Ghi ch:
Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng
in nm trong vng nh h|ng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in p
chm s c gi tr bng 0.
b) Nu khng tho mn |c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.2 thdy trung tnh ca h thng in h p phi ni t xuyn qua mt in
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cc t c lp v in (xem TN-b trn hnh 3). Trong tr|ng hp ny,
phi p dng mc 8.9.1 ca bn tiu chun ny.
8.8.3-Cc h thng TT:
a) Ch |c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc t cacc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TT-a trn hnh
4) khi m bo |c mi t|ng quan gia in p t ln cch in ca
thit b (R x Im + Uo) v thi gian ct in p ra khi thit b cho
trong bng 9 dnh cho thit b ca mng in h p.
b) Nu khng tho mn |c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.3 thdy trung tnh ca h thng in h p phi ni t xuyn qua mt in
cc t c lp v in (xem TT-b trn hnh 4). Trong tr|ng hp ny,
phi p dng mc 8.9.1 ca bn tiu chun ny.
Ghi ch:
Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng
in nm trong vng nh h|ng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in p
chm s c gi tr bng 0.
8.8.4-Cc h thng IT:
a) Ch |c ni cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h pca mng in vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h
ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh 5, 10, 11) khi c th ct in p s c
chm t R x Im ra khi cc b phn ny trong khong thi gian cho
trong bng 8.
b) Nu khng tho mn |c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.4 thcc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in
phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc
t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem cc
hnh t 6 n 9).
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c) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mngin ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in
cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p nh| qui
nh trong mc b ca iu 8.8.4 v khi m bo |c mi t|ng quan
gia in p t ln cch in ca thit b (R x Im+ U) v thi gian ctin p ra khi thit b cho trong bng 9 dnh cho thit b in h p ca
mng in th tng tr trung tnh ca h thng in h p, nu c, |c
php ni vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca
trm bin p (xem hnh 6).
d) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mngin ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in
cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p nh| qui
nh trong mc b ca iu 8.8.4 nh|ng khng m bo |c mi t|ng
quan gia gi tr in p v thi gian ct ni trong mc c ca iu 8.8.4
th tng tr trung tnh pha h p, nu c, phi ni t xuyn qua mt
in cc t c lp v in (xem cc hnh 7 v 9). Trong tr|ng hp ny
phi p dng mc 8.9.2 ca bn tiu chun ny.
8.9- hn ch in p c hi cho cch in trong thit b in h p, phi tunth cc qui nh 8.9.1 v 8.9.2 tu thuc tng loi hnh ca h thng ni t pha
h p.
8.9.1-Cc h thng TN v TT
Trong cc h thng TN v TT nu dy trung tnh ni t xuyn qua mt in cc
t c
lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm
bin p
(xem TN-b trong hnh 3 v TT-b trong hnh 4) th phi m bo ct kp thi in
p c hi cho cch in (R x Im+ Uo) ra khi thit b h p ca trm bin p
trong khong thi gian t|ng thch vi cp cch in ca thit b h p .
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Ghi ch:
Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr cho trong
bng 9.
8.9.2-Cc h thng IT
Trong cc h thng IT nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b h p
ca mng in v c tng tr trung tnh h p, nu c, u ni t qua cc in
cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh 7, 8
v 9) th phi m bo ct kp thi in p c hi cho cch in (R x Im+ U) ra
khi thit b h p ca trm bin p trong khong thi gian t|ng thch vi cp
cch in ca thit b h p .
Ghi ch:
Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr cho trong
bng 9.
8.10-Tt c cc b phn ca h thng ni t bao gm im ni t trung tnh h
p phi |c thit k v lp t sao cho chng khng b h| hi khi c dng chm
t chy qua. Tuy nhin khi s dng h thng ni t chung, kch th|c ca dyni t cho thng my bin p phi |c tnh ton trn c s dng chm t ln
nht c th xy ra.
8.11-Khi khng th tho mn cc iu kin ca mt h thng ni t chung cho
cc thit b in cao p v h p ca trm bin p cp in cho thit b in h p
th |c php s dng hai h thng ni t ring r, mi h thng nh| th c mt
thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ni vi in cc t c lp v in i vi
in cc t ca h thng kia.
8.11.1-Cc phn t sau y phi |c ni vo thanh ci hoc u cc ni t
chnh ca thit b in cao p:
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a) tt c cc b phn kim loi h tip cn |c dng ng hoc dyin cao p k c cc b phn kim loi ni lin v c kh vi cc b phn
kim loi h ;
b) v kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca thit b in cao p;c) v thng my bin p;d) chng st van cao p;e) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao p;f) kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v t|ng.
8.11.2-Cc phn t sau y phi |c ni vo thanh ci hoc u cui ni tchnh ca thit b in h p:
g) im trung tnh h p ca my bin p;h) chng st van h p, nu c;i) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp h p;j) b phn kim loi h ch lin quan n h thng in h p.
8.12-Phi duy tr c ly khng t hn 2m gia in cc t ca thit b cao p v
in cc t ca thit b h p. C ly gia dy dn chn ngm ni vi cc in
cc t ca thit b cao p v dy dn chn ngm ni vi cc in cc t ca
thit b h p cng phi p dng tiu chun ny.
8.13- ni t cho thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh ni t hiu
qu, phi lp t mt l|i ni t gm cc in cc t nm ngang theo chiudi v theo chiu rng ca din tch t thit b in cao p v |c ni vi nhau
thnh cc mt lui. Phi ni dy ni t ca cc thit b in cao p vo l|i ni
t ny.
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Phi t cc in cc theo chiu di gia cc dy thit b in, dc theo hnh
lang phc v hoc li i li. Cn cc in cc theo chiu rng phi t cc v
tr thun tin gia cc thit b in. Cc in cc nm ngang phi t theo chu vi
ca din tch t thit b hnh thnh mt mch vng kn.
Khong cch gia cc in cc nhn to nm ngang |c qui nh bi thit k
nh|ng trong mi tr|ng hp khng |c ln hn 30m. Kch th|c cc l|i tip
gip vi ch ni im trung tnh ca bin p lc v dao ngn mch vi l|i ni
t khng |c ln hn
6m x 6 m.
Cc in cc nm ngang phi t su khng nh hn 0,5m v cch mng
hay b t thit b khng t hn 0,8m.
Cc in cc nm ngang t dc theo chu vi ca din tch t thit b cao p
ngoi tri phi |c chn su khng nh hn 1,2m v cch hng ro khng
t hn 2m. Mch vng ni t ngoi cng ny nn c dng a gic c cc gc t.
8.14- ni t cc thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh cch ly, phi
lp t mt mch vng ni t chy dc theo chu vi ca din tch t cc thit b
v ni dy ni t ca cc thit b vi mch vng ni t ny. Mch vng ni t
c th gm nhng in cc nm ngang t su khng nh hn 0,5m v cch
mng hay b t thit b khng t hn 0,8m. Khi in tr ni t ln hn gi tr
qui nh, phi t thm cc in cc nm ngang gia cc dy thit b in dc
theo hnh lang phc v hay li i li. Cng c th s dng in cc t dng cc
nhn ng thng ng hoc nghing v ni cc nh cc li vi nhau thnh mt
mch vng ni t.
8.15-L|i ni t ca trm ng ct cao p ngoi tri phi tho mn cc yu cu
sau y:
a) tng tr mch vng chm t phi thp;b) tng tr i vi dng cao tn phng in kh quyn phi thp;
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c) in p chm v in p b|c khng v|t qu gi tr cho php;d) nhiu n i vi h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh cng
nghip phi mc ti thiu;
e) in p truyn lan ra ngoi khi c chm t phi mc thp nht;f) cc tuyn ng v |ng ray i qua hng ro cng trnh thuc khu vc ny
phi c on chn cch ly v in.
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9-Lp t cc hnh thi ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st
s dng my tnh:
9.1-Phi ni t cc thit b thuc cu hnh ca h thng iu khin v gim sts dng my tnh bo v chng in git cho nhn vin vn hnh v ng|i
bo tr v cn chng nhiu cho mch tn hiu.
H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh c hai hnh thi ni t:
- ni t khung hay cn gi l ni t bo v;-
ni t tn hiu hay cn gi l ni t chng nhiu.
Bn trong cc bng v bn iu khin thuc h thng iu khin v gim st s
dng my tnh, hai hnh thi ni t ni trn phi tch bit i vi nhau.
9.2-Trong mi bng hoc bn iu khin phi c mt on thanh ci hoc u
cc ni t dnh ring cho hnh thi ni t khung v phi ni n vi mt trc
ni t bng mt dy bo v ring. Trc ni t ny phi xut pht t mt thanh
ci ni t chnh dnh ring cho cc thit b thuc h thng iu khin v gimst s dng my tnh.
9.3-H thng ni t ca cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh tr
in cc t phi hnh thnh c lp, khng cho ni vo cc dy bo v thit
b thuc h thng khc.
Tu theo mc nguy him ca cc s c chm t t thun li nht trong h
thng cp in i vi cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh vkh nng hn ch in p tng trn in cc t ca h thng cp in m
thanh ci ni t chnh ca cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh
- hoc phi ni vi mt l|i in cc t c lp v in;
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tuyn cp in ni trn c mt bin p cch ly chn vo gia v dy t bin p
cch ly ni vi ph ti c cch in tht m bo v khng ni vi im ni t
ca ngun in c lin quan.
9.9-Khi lp t h thng ni t chng nhiu, mi |ng dn chng nhiu ca
cp tn hiu ch |c php ni t mt pha nh| h|ng dn trn hnh 13 v theo
cc qui nh sau:
a-V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc t MCC
n cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh
phi ni t chng nhiu mt pha, th|ng thc hin trong cc t ni dy cp ra
lin quan vi cc bng m un I/O ni trn. Dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp vi
hng kp ni t chng nhiu phi lng trong ghen cch in.
b- V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc cm bin,
cc b tc ng v cc tip im van in t n hp ni trong phn x|ng v v
chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu c lin quan i t hp ni trong phn x|ng n
cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi
|c ni vi nhau thng qua hng kp dy trung gian cch in vi t t trong
hp ni v v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu i t hp ni ny n cc bng m
un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi ni t
chng nhiu mt pha, th|ng thc hin trong cc t ni dy cp ra lin quan vi
cc bng m un I/O ni trn. Dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp vi hng kp ni
t trung gian v vi hng kp ni t chng nhiu u phi lng trong ghen
cch in.
9.10-Khi lp t cc dy ni t chng nhiu, phi trnh khng chng hnh
thnh mt mch vng kn l nguyn nhn gy ra nhiu cm ng in t.
9.11-u dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu phi |c ni vi hng kp
ni t chng nhiu bng u ct c l bt vt hoc bng u ty p lun vo l
ca hng kp dy c c cu xit cht.
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10-Kim tra h thng ni t thit b:
10.1- Ton b h thng ni t thit b phi |c kim tra nghim thu, kim tra
nh k v kim tra t xut nhm chng minh bng thc nghim rng n khng
c khuyt tt v in v v c v rng n tho mn mi yu cu ca bn tiu
chun ny.
Cc ph|ng php kim tra phi m bo khng xy ra nguy him cho ng|i
hoc ti sn hoc h| hng thit b ngay c khi i t|ng kim tra c khuyt tt.
Phi chun b sn sng cho ng|i kim tra cc thng tin cn thit nh|:
- thit k v bn v hon cng ca mt bng lp t in cc, s sp xpcc loi dy bo v k c dy ni ng th c ghi r s l|ng, kch th|cv chng loi dy;
- thng tin cn thit nhn dng cc thit b thc hin chc nng bo v,cch ly ng ct v v tr lp t ca chng;
- thuyt minh bin php s dng phi hp cc c tnh ca thit b bo v,bin php ni t ca mng in v tng tr ca mch c lin quan, nhm
hn ch ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p chm khi xy ra s cchm t;
- chng ch vt liu v bin bn th nghim ca nh cp hng.10.2- Kim tra nghim thu |c thc hin sau khi lp t xong v tr|c khi |a
vo s dng.
Ni dung kim tra nghim thu gm:
10.2.1- Kim tra bng mt:
Tr|c ht phi kim tra cc b phn ca h thng ni t t ngm d|i t
tr|c khi lp t hoc trong kt cu tr|c khi y kn ri mi n cc b phn
t ni. Cc b|c kim tra bng mt gm:
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- kim tra thc t lp t so vi thit k;- kim tra vic s dng vt liu theo yu cu ca thit k;- kim tra tt c cc mi hn, mi ni;- kim tra bin php chng n mn;- kim tra bin php bo v mch dn chng ph hng c hc, c bit khi
i qua cc khe ln, khe co dn v vt ch|ng ngi khc;
- kim tra bin php chng in p chm v in p b|c nh|ng ni cnthit;
- kim tra vic lp t.10.2.2-Kim tra bng thit b o:
- thng mch v kim tra cht l|ng u ni ca dy ni t bo v thuccc mch cp in cho ph ti mch vng;
- thng mch v kim tra cht l|ng u ni ca tt c cc dy bo v k ccc dy ni ng th chnh v dy ni ng th b sung;
- o in tr ca in cc t;- o tng tr mch vng chm t;- kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d|.
10.3-Kim tra nh k phi thc hin theo thi gian qui nh sau:
a) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni t nguy him th thc hin hai nmmt ln;
b) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni nguy him th thc hin mt nmmt ln;
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c) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni c bit nguy him th thc hin suthng mt ln.
Ghi ch:
- phi o in tr ni t ca h thng c v ma kh ln ma m|a;- xem Ph lc 2: Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy
him.
10.4-Kim tra t xut phi thc hin:
- khi xy ra tai nn, s c hoc c nguy c xy ra tai nn;- sau khi sa cha h thng ni t hoc lp t li thit b in;- sau khi c lt, bo, ng t, ho hon nh h|ng xu n cht l|ng ca
h thng ni t thit b;
- khi xy dng mi hay hay sa cha cc cng trnh khc c kh nng lmh| hng cc b phn ca h thng ni t.
10.5-Ni dung kim tra nh k v kim tra t xut gm:
- kim tra ton b h thng ni t;- kim tra cc mi hn , mi ni;- kim tra tnh trng cc lp m hoc sn chng n mn;- kim tra cc mt tip xc v in;- kim tra phn ngm, ch no nghi ng th phi o ln;- kim tra tnh trng t;- o in tr ca in cc t;- o tng tr mch vng chm t;
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- kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d|.10.6-Sau khi tin hnh kim tra h thng ni t ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
bn tiu chun ny, n v kim tra phi lp cc bin bn kim tra cn thit
trao cho n v giao vic. Mi thiu st |c pht hin trong qu trnh kim tra
phi |c khc phc v hon thin tr|c khi cp chng ch.
ph lc A ca tcxdvn............
Thut ng v nh ngha
1-Thit b in (Electrical equipment): Sn phm in phc v cc mc ch
pht, bin i, truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in nng nh| cc my in,
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my bin p, kh c in, my o in, r le bo v, vt t| v ph kin lp t
dy in, dng in.
2-Mng in (Electrical installation): Mt tp hp thit b in lin quan vi
nhau v mt mc ch sn xut v c mt s c tnh kt hp.
3-Trang b ng ct (Switchgear): Mt tp hp kh c ng ct in chnh v ph
dng cho vn hnh, iu chnh, bo v hoc cho cc mc ch khc nhm kim
sot mng in.
4-T ng ct tng (Main switchtboard): T cha trang b ng ct t c th
kim sot vic cp in cho ton b mng in.
5-T phn phi: (Distribution board): T cha cc trang b ng ct khng phit ng ct tng.
6-Cch in kp (Double insulation): Cch in hai lp, lp nm st b phn
mang in gi l cch in c bn v lp th hai gi l cch in b sung.
7-B phn c tnh dn in h (Exposed conductive part): B phn c tnh
dn in khng |c bao che ca thit b in m con ng|i c th chm vo,
bnh th|ng khng mang in nh|ng c th tr thnh mang in trong iu kins c.
8-B phn c tnh dn in ng ri (Extraneous conductive part): B phn c
tnh dn in ng ring l, khng lin quan n thit b in, cn |c |a v
mt in th, thng th|ng bng in th t.
9-t (Earth): Ton khi t c tnh dn in m in th ca n bt k im
no cng c gi tr quy |c bng khng.
10-in cc t (Earth electrode): Mt vt dn hoc mt nhm vt dn chn
d|i t v tip xc cht ch vi t, t hnh thnh mi ni in c hiu qu
vi ton khi t.
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11-in cc t c lp v in (Electrically independent earth electrode): in
cc t ng cch xa cc in cc khc n mc dng in chm t ln nht c
c hi chy qua in cc ny nh h|ng khng ng k n in th ca cc
in cc khc.
12-in cc t nhn to (Artificial earth electrode): in cc |c ch to
s dng ring cho mc ch ni t.
13-in cc t t nhin (Natural earth electrode): Cc b phn c tnh dn in
ca |ng ng, nh v cng trnh d|i t tip xuc cht ch vi t v |c tn
dng lm in cc t.
14-in tr ca in cc t (Earth electrode resistance): in tr ca mt in
cc t i vi t. in cc t y |c hiu theo nh ngha 10 ca ph lc
ny.
15-Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh (Main earthing bar or terminal): Thanh
ci hoc u cc ni t ca mt ngun cp in hoc ca mt mng in c lin
quan, dng ni tt c cc loi dy bo v k c dy ni ng th chnh, dy
ni t chc nng nu c, ca ngun hoc mng in vi in cc t.
Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh th|ng t trong hp phn b t (Earth
dispatcher) hay cn gi l hp chia t (Earth divider).
16-Dy bo v (Protective conductor): Dy dn dng bo v chng in git
v dng ni mt s trong cc b phn sau y li vi nhau:
- b phn c tnh dn in h;- b phn c tnh dn in ng ri;- thanh ci hoc u cc ni t;- in cc t;- im ni t ca ngun in, hoc mt im trung tnh nhn to.
Dy bo v l tn gi chung ca cc loi dy sau y:
- dy bo v mch;- dy ni ng th chnh;
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- dy ni ng th b sung;- trc ni t;- dy ni t chnh.
17-Dy bo v mch (Circuit protective conductor): Dy bo v ni cc b phn
c tnh dn in h ca mt thit b in vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni tca t cp in cho thit b in hoc vi mt trc ni t xut pht t t .
18-Dy ni ng th chnh (Main equipotential bonding conductor): Dy bo v
ni ng th cho cc |ng ng ci kim loi trong cng trnh cng nghip.
19-Dy ni ng th b sung (Supplementary equipotential bonding conductor):
Dy bo v ni ng th cho cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri.
20-Trc ni t (Common earthing conductor): Dy ni t c mt hoc hai u
ni vi thanh ci ni t chnh hoc vi l|i in cc t v i dc theo cc dy
t bng in, thit b cng ngh, kt cu thp ca nh x|ng cho ni vo bn
thn n cc dy ni t ca cc i t|ng cn ni t va k.
21-Dy ni t chnh (Main earthing conductor): Dy bo v ni thanh ci hoc
u cc ni t chnh ca mt ngun cp in hoc ca mt mng in vi in
cc t hoc vi mt ph|ng tin ni t ni vi in cc t..
22-Ni ng th (Equipotential bonding): Ni in nhm |a cc b phn c
tnh dn in h ca thit b in v cc b phn c tnh dn in tip cn
|c khng lin quan n thit b in v mt mc in th thc cht bng nhau.
23-Ni t bo v (Protective earthing): Ni vi ton th khi t theo ng yu
cu ca bn tiu chun ny nhm m bo cch ly kp thi thit b |c bo v
khi ngun in nh mt trang b ct t ng khi pht hin |c dng in r ra
v thit b.
24-Ni t chc nng (Functional earthing): Ni t nhm m bo ch lm
vic ca thit b in, cn gi l ni t lm vic.
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25-H thng ni t (Earthing system): Tt c cc dy bo v, thanh ci hoc
u cc ni t, kp ni t v in cc t, k c cc ph|ng tin kim loi bao
che dy km theo cc dy bo v v cc kp ni t ni trn, dng duy tr mt
s b phn no ca mng in c lin quan in th t.
26-H thng (System): H thng bao gm mt ngun in nng n v mt
mng in. Trn quan im ni t, cn phn bit cc h thng cp in ca cc
cng trnh cng nghip theo quan h i vi t ca ngun in nng v ca
mng in trong cc h thng .
a) H thng TN: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn mtim ni t trc tip, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng
in th ni vi im ni t ca ngun in bng cc dy bo v.
C ba loi h thng TN |c nhn dng nh| sau:
- H thng TN-C l h thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v bov kt hp trong mt dy n dn i khp h thng gi l dy PEN;
- H thng TN-S l h thng c dy trung tnh N v dy bo v tch rigi l dy PE dn i khp h thng;
- H thng TN-C-S l h thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v bov kt hp trong mt dy n PEN ch trong mt phn ca h thng,
sau tch thnh hai dy ring r (dy trung tnh N v dy bo v PE)
trong phn cn li ca h thng
b) H thng TT: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn mtim ni t trc tip, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng
in th ni vi cc in cc ni t c lp v in i vi cc in cc
ni t ca ngun in.
c) H thng IT: H thng khng c mi ni trc tip gia cc thnh phnmang in v t, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in
th ni t.
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27-Cc h thng dng tn gi TN, TT v IT (Systems using the designations TN,
TT and IT):
Ch ci th nht th hin quan h i vi t ca ngun in nng:
T: c mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc tip;
I: tt c cc phn mang in u cch ly vi t hoc c mt im ni vi
t thng qua tng tr ln.
Ch ci th hai th hin quan h i vi t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in
h ca mng in:
T: cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in ni trc tip vi t
ring r, khng ph thuc bt k im ni t no ca ngun in;
N: cc b phn c tnh dn in h ni trc tip vi im ni t ca
ngun in (trong h thng in xoay chiu, im ni t th|ng l im
trung tnh).
28-Tng tr ca mch vng chm t (Earth fault loop impedance): Tng tr ca
mch vng dng in chm t (mch vng pha ti t) khi u v kt thc ti
im ngn mch chm t.
- Trong h thng TN, dng chm t i t im ngn mch chm t cathit b in theo dy bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca mng in ri theo
|ng dn kim loi ca dy bo v tr v im trung tnh ni t ca my
bin p. T y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti u ra ri
theo dy pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn mch chm t.
- Trong h thng TT v IT, dng chm t i t im ngn mch chm tca thit b in theo dy bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca mng in ri
theo |ng dn trong t v im trung tnh ni t ca my bin p. T
y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti u ra ri theo dy
pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn mch chm t.
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mang in vi nhau, hoc 600V xoay chiu hoc 900V mt chiu gia
dy mang in vi t.
- in p cao: l in p bnh th|ng v|t qu in p thp. in p t 3kVn 24kV xoay chiu, tn s cng nghip, th|ng gi l trung p, trn
quan im ni t bo v cng thuc dy in p cao.
34-MCC (Motor control center): Cc t h p kim sot ph ti, ch yu l ng
c in, kt hp vi hp nt n ti ch. Dy t MCC th|ng c mt hoc hai t
aptomat tng c trang b iu khin, o l|ng, bo v, tn hiu. Cc t cn li
chia ra nhiu ngn xp t trn xung d|i; mi ngn dnh cho mt l ph ti.
Bn trong mi ngn, c aptomat hoc cu chy, cng tc t v trang b iu
khin, o l|ng, bo v, tn hiu.
35-Thit b dng in d| (Residual current device): Thit b t ng ct mch
theo dng r khi c chm t, gi tt l RCD.
36-H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh (Computer-based control
and monitoring system): H thng iu khin v gim st cc qu trnh cng
ngh da trn k thut vi x l.
37-Thit b iu khin (Controller): Thit b iu khin da trn k thut vi x
l.
38-M un I/O (I/O module): M un vo/ra dng nhn tn hiu t bn ngoi
vo x l hoc |a lnh iu khin t bn trong ra ngoi .
39-T ni dy cp ra (Marshalling cabinet): T cha cc hng kp ni trung gian
gia mt bn l cp ni vi cc m un I/O v mt bn l cp ni vi cc t
MCC hoc vi cc hp ni c lin quan vi cc cm bin v cc b tc ng ti
ni sn xut
40-Chm in gin tip (Indirect voltage touch): Tip xc vi cc b phn c
tnh dn in h ca thit b in b chm do hng cch in |c coi l
chm in gin tip.
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Ph lc B ca tcxdvn............
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Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni ttheo mc nguy him
Ni lp t h thng ni t thit b |c phn loi theo mc nguy him v in
nh| sau:
1-Ni nguy him l ni c mt trong cc yu t sau:
a) m.hoc c bi dn in ( m t|ng i ca khng kh v|t qu 75%trong thi gian di hoc c bi dn in bm vo dy dn v lt vo trong
thit b in);
b) nn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng, ct thp, gch...);c) nhit cao (nhit khng kh v|t qu 35oC trong thi gian di hn
mt ngy m);
d) nhng ni ng|i c th ng thi tip xc vi mt bn l cc kt cu kimloi ca nh x|ng, my mc, thit b cng ngh v.v... ni t v vi
mt bn l cc b phn kim loi h ca thit b in.
2-Ni c bit nguy him l ni c mt trong cc yu t sau:
a) rt m (( m t|ng i ca khng kh xp x 100%, th hin trn,t|ng, sn nh v vt trong nh c ng s|ng);
b) mi tr|ng c hot tnh ho hc (th|ng xuyn hay trong thi gian di ccha hi, kh, cht lng c th to nn cc cht n mn, nm mc dn n
ph hu cch in v v cc b phn mang in ca thit b in);
c) ng thi c hai hoc nhiu hn hai yu t ca ni nguy him nu trongmc 1.
3-Ni t nguy him l ni khng thuc hai loi trn.
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