tdc1 - class 6

TDC 1Pedagogical GrammarClass 6

Present Verb Tenses- Not as easy as one might assume.

1) Actions that happen repeatedly - _________________2) Actions that are happening right now - _____________3) Actions that began in the past and are still happening

now - ________________

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I am in this city for all my adult life.- The solution to my problem isn’t depend on another person.- Is working your uncle at the bank now?- Modern cars are having much better tires than in the past.- Do you have worked at this bank since the last time I saw

you?

Simple Present

Present Progressive

Present Perfect

Present Verb TensesVerb Tense Example Meaning

Simple Present

I study Chinese every day. a habitual or repeating action

Present Progressive

I am studying Chinese today. a current action

Present Perfect

I have studied Chinese since 2006.

an action that began in the past and continues to be true

Present Perfect Progressive

I have been studying Chinese all morning.

an action that began in the past and is continuing now (with emphasis on the fact that it is still happening now.

- Simple Present* Present Progressive* Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive

- Simple Present / Present Progressive – Future Meaning*- Present Perfect – Unspecified Past*

Past Now Future

X X X X X I X X X X X

Simple Present

What ELLs Should Know

- -s in the third person singular- irregular forms (-ies / -es / has)

Singular Plural

I walk we walk

you walk you walk

he/she/it walks they walk

Verb Tense Example Meaning

Simple Present

I study Chinese every day. a habitual or repeating action

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- Laura cook scrambled eggs for breakfast every day.- My baby sister crys when she is hungry.- I am walk to school every day.

Past Now Future

X I X

Present Progressive


- am/is/are + present participle- Formation of present

participles*

Singular Plural

I am walking we are walking

you are walking you are walking

he/she/it is walking they are walking

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- We study very hard for tomorrow’s test.- The earth is going around the sun once a year.- My baby brother crying now.- He is siting on the table.- I am having two cars.*


Present Progressive

I am studying Chinese today. a current action

What is the mistake here?

Past Now Future

X X X X X I

Present Perfect


- has / have + past participle- formation of past

participles*

Singular Plural

I have walked we have walked

you have walked you have walked

he/she/it has walked they have walked

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I lived here my whole life.- Sarah have rented the same apartment since 2005.- Sarah has already complete all the homework.- Macy has putted the book on the teacher’s table.


Present Perfect



Past Now Future

X X X X X I


What ELLs Should Know- has / have + been +

present participle

Singular Plural

I have been walking we have been walking

you have been walking you have been walking

he/she/it has been walking they have been walking

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I been waiting for the bus for almost 45 minutes.- I am waiting for the bus for almost 45 minutes.



I have been studying Chinese all morning.

an action that began in the past and is continuing now (with emphasis on the fact that it is still happening now).*

Negative Forms

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I no speak French well. // The soup doesn’t smells good.- The man is not like this food. // We don’t have eaten yet.

Tense Negative Form

Simple Present I/you/we/they + do + not + verbhe / she / it + does + not + verb

Present Progressive

I am + not + present participleyou/we/they + are + not + present participlehe / she / it + is + not + present participle

Present Perfect I/you/we/they + have+ not + past participlehe / she / it + has + not + past participle


I/you/we/they + have+ not + been + present participlehe / she / it + has + not + been + present participle

What ELLs Should Know- Most difficult – Present Simple*

Contractions

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I amn’t from northern India.- Linda’s bought a new car. It’s an amazing sound system.

Tense Affirmative Negative

Simple Present ----- do not – don’tdoes not – doesn’t

Present Progressive

I am – I’mhe/she/it is – he’s/she’s/ it’syou/we/they are – you’re, we’re, they’re

am not - ---is not – isn’t (he’s not...)are not – aren’t (you’re not...)

Present Perfect + Present Perfect Progressive

I/you/we/they have – I’ve / you’ve / we’ve / they’vehe / she / it has – he’s / she’s / it’s*

I/you/we/they have not – haven’t (I’ve not...)he / she / it has not – hasn’t (he’s not...)

Forming Questions

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- Do Luke like hockey? // Does Valery goes to class every day?- Is Mary have a sports car? // Do you wearing a new tie today?- How many international trips did you have taken in your life?

Tense Negative Form

Simple Present do + I/you/we/they + verbdoes + he / she / it + verb

Present Progressive

am + I + present participleare + you/we/they + present participleis + he / she / it + present participle

Present Perfect have + I/you/we/they + past participlehas + he / she / it + past participle


have + I/you/we/they + been + present participlehas + he / she / it + been + present participle

What ELLs Should Know- Most difficult – Present Simple*

Present TensesPortuguese Interference Common ErrorsEnglish Present Perfect tense can be rendered in Portuguese by the present form or the past form.

1. “I live here all my life.”2. “I already watched this film.”

Portuguese speakers frequently use the simple present to talk about the future.

1. “If you need a ride to the store, I take you.”2. “In a little while, I cook dinner.”

In Portuguese, the ending of verbs change according to the subject. Students might get confused.In Portuguese, there are no auxiliary verbs used to form questions or to form negative sentences in the Simple Present.

1. “___You want to go?”2. “I no want to go.”

Past Verb Tenses- In some languages there are no verb tenses. Time is

indicated by the use of adverbials.- In some others, the past verb tenses may have different

uses.

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- According to the report, dozens of people did not received

their tax information.- When I ate dinner last night, my uncle called me.- How many people did you talked to at the party?- By the time I was old enough to vote, I participated in two

local campaigns.- Do you have ever flown on a 747 jumbo jet?

How many past forms are there? Can you list them?

Past Verb Tenses- Match the different tenses / forms to their

corresponding uses.Verb Tense Use

1) Simple Past ____ a past action in progress at a specific point in the past

2) Past Progressive ____ a past action completed before another past action

3) Present Perfect ____ an action beginning before another past action (emphasis on the duration)

4) Past Perfect ____ a single past event (definite time)

5) Past Perfect Progressive

____ an action happening many times in the past but no longer being true

6) Used To / Would ____ a past action (indefinite time) that could happen again

1

2

3

4

5

6

Past Now Future

X I 8 PM

Simple Past


- Formation of the past form*

Singular Plural

I walked we walked

you walked you walked

he/she/it walked they walked


Simple Past I ate dinner at 8 PM. a single past event (definite time)

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- Laura cooks scrambled eggs for breakfast yesterday.- I was walk to school yesterday.- My baby sister cryed last night.- She stoped the car to answer her cell phone.

Past interruption Now Future

X X X X I I

Past Progressive


- was/were + present participle- formation of present

participles

Singular Plural

I was walking we were walking

you were walking you were walking

he/she/it was walking they were walking

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- When I got my first job, I was live in Los Angeles.- I cut the onions. Then I was putting them in the soup.- From 2000 to 2007, I was owning two cars.*


Past Progressive

I was eating dinner when you called.

a past action that was happening (when it was interrupted by another)

Present PerfectWhat ELLs Should Know

- has / have + past participle- formation of past

participles*

Singular Plural

I have walked we have walked

you have walked you have walked

he/she/it has walked they have walked

Past Now Future

X X X X X I


Present Perfect



Usage 1

Key Words

how long for + time since + time

Present Perfect

Past Now Future

X I


Present Perfect

I have just finished typing my reports.

recent past action that is relevant to the current situation

Usage 2

Past Now Future

? I


Present Perfect I have already been there. past experience (indefinite time)

Usage 3

Key Words: just already

Key Words: ever never many times before already

Variations

- Yet (questions / negatives)- Superlatives- The first, the second...

Present Perfect

Past Now Future

X X X X X ... I


Present Perfect

I have watched E.T. five times repetition of an action before now

Usage 4

Key Words: six...so far one...this semester a lot

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I was born here and will die here. I been here my whole life.- Sarah have already completed all the homework.- I have gone to Mexico several times when I was in college.- I lived in this same apartment since 1996.

Past Now Future

X X I

Past Perfect

What ELLs Should Know- context (before, after)- formation of past

participles

Singular Plural

I had walked we had walked

you had walked you had walked

he/she/it had walked they had walked

Typical ELL Errors- I had work for the bus for almost 20 years.- When the company went bankrupt, I worked there for 20 years.


Past Perfect I had eaten dinner before you called.

a past action that was completed before a second past action (or time)

Past Now Future

X X X X I I

Past Perfect Progressive

What ELLs Should Know- had + been +

present participle

Singular Plural

I had been walking we had been walking

you had been walking you had been walking

he/she/it had been walking they had been walking

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I been waiting for the bus for almost 45 minutes when you arrived.- I was waiting for the bus for almost 45 minutes when you arrived.



I had been eating dinner before you called.

an action that began in the past before a second past action (emphasis in the duration of the action)

Used to and WouldWhat ELLs Should Know1. past action happening

repeatedly, but no longer true

2. past fact no longer true

Singular Plural

I used to walk we used to walk

you used to walk you used to walk

he/she/it used to walk they used to walk

Used To

Singular Plural

I would walk we would walk

you would walk you would walk

he/she/it would walk they would walk

WouldWhat ELLs Should Know1. past action happening

repeatedly, but no longer true

What’s the difference?

“Would” is only used to decribe actions, while “used to” can be used to describe both actions and facts (or states).

Negative FormsTense Negative Form

Simple Past subject + did + not + verb

Past Progressive

I / he / she / it was + not + present participleyou/we/they + were+ not + present participle

Past Perfect subject + had + not + past participle


subject + had + not + been + present participle

Used to subject + did + not + use to + verb

Would subject + would + not + verb

What ELLs Should Know- Most difficult – Past Simple / Used to

Negative Forms

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)

- I not understand the directions well.- The man was not like the food because it was too salty.- The man did not liked the food because it was too salty.- We don’t have eaten at that restaurant yet.- When we met you, we didn’t have lived in this house for vey long.- I didn’t used to like animals, so my parents did not get any pets for

me.

ContractionsTense Affirmative Negative

Simple Past ----- did not – didn’t

Present Perfect I/you/we/they have – I’ve/you’ve/we’ve/they’vehe/she/it has – he’s/she’s/it’s

have not – haven’thas not – hasn’t (he’s not...)

Past Perfect + Past Perfect Progressive

I/you/he/she/it/we/they had – I’d/you’d/he’d/she’d/it’d*/we’d/they’d

had not – hadn’t

Used to ----- did not – didn’t

Would I/you/he/she/it/we/they would – I’d/you’d/he’d/she’d/it’d*/ we’d /they’d

would not – wouldn’t

What ELLs Should Know- “´d” can mean “had” or “would”- How can we tell the difference?

Forming Questions

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- Did Valerie attended class yesterday? // Was Mary own a sports car?- Did you wearing a new tie when you met your new boss yesterday?- How many international trips did you have taken in your life?- Did you have finished the project before your boss called?- How many children did families used to have a century ago?

Tense Negative Form

Simple Past did + subject + verb

Past Progressive was + I/he/she/it + present participlewere + you/we/they + present participle

Present Perfect have + I/you/we/they + past participlehas + he / she / it + past participle

Past Perfect had + subject + past participle

Past Perfect Progressive had + subject + been + present participle

Used to did + subject + use to + verb

Would would + subject + verb

Past TensesPortuguese Interference Common ErrorsEnglish Present Perfect tense can be rendered in Portuguese by the present form or the past form.

1. “I live here all my life.”2. “I already watched this film.”

In Portuguese, the ending of verbs change according to the subject. Students might get confused.In Portuguese, there are no auxiliary verbs used to form questions or to form negative sentences in the Simple Past.

1. “___You wanted to go?”2. “I no wanted to go.”

Portuguese-speaking ELLs have difficulty understanding the difference in negating the verb “have” in simple past tense and a verb in the past perfect thense.

1. “I had a car.” ► “I hadn’t a car.”2. “I had studied.” ► “I didn’t have studied.”

Future Verb Tenses- The first future tense ELLs learn (will + verb) is among

the least used ones.- Some present verb tenses (Simple Present, Present

Progressive) can also be used to refer to the future time.

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- If you don’t have received an e-mail from my boss by

tomorrow afternoon, call me and I will talk to him personally.- Tomorrow, we go to the beach with some friends.- I promise to call you just as soon as I will get home tonight.- Several of my friends going to help me.- I will write a letter to my grandparents, and I want to mail it

right away.

Future Verb Tenses- Match the different tenses / forms to their

corresponding uses.

Verb Tense Use

1) Be going to ____ an action in the future describing a decision made at the time of speaking

2) Simple Future ____ an action finished by a specified time in the future

3) Future Progressive ____ how long an action has been happening at a future point (focus on the duration)

4) Future Perfect ____ an event in the future, especially one already planned

5) Future Perfect Progressive

____ an action taking place at some point in the future

1

2

3

4

5

Past Now Future I X

Be going to


- also for predictions based on concrete evidence

Singular Plural

I am going to walk we are going to walk

you are going to walk you are going to walk

he/she/it is going to walk

they are going to walk


Be going to We are going to fly to New York tomorrow.

an event in the future, especially one already planned

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- Laura going to cook scrambled eggs for breakfast tomorrow.- Our boss is going miss work tomorrow.- I believe that Olga’s going to studies with me.

Past Now Future I X

Simple Future Tense


- Also for predictions and requests

Singular Plural

I will walk we will walk

you will walk you will walk

he/she/it will walk they will walk


Simple Future

Don’t worry. I will answer the phone.

an action in the future describing a decision made at the time of speaking

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- Andrea will to study more if she has more free time.- Shawn will helps Jim with the work.- Sorry, but I can’t help you tomorrow. I will visit my aunt at the

hospital.

Past Now Future

I X X X I X X

Future Progressive


- will be + present participle- formation of present

participles

Singular Plural

I will be walking we will be walking

you will be walking you will be walking

he/she/it will be walking

they will be walking

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- When you call tomorrow, I will studying for my test.- If you will be needing help tomorrow, I will assist you.


Future Progressive

I will be eating dinner when you call.

a action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future

Future Perfect


- will have + past participle

- formation of past participles*

Singular Plural

I will have walked we will have walked

you will have walked you will have walked

he/she/it will have walked

they will have walked


Future Perfect

By this time tomorrow, I will have finished studying.

an action finished by a specific time in the future

Past Now Future

I X X

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- I will have taken my driver’s license test.- By the time that you will have completed this task, it will be almost

midnight.

Past Now Future

I X X X X I

Future Perfect Progressive


- will have + been + present participle

Singular Plural

I will have been walking we will have been walking

you will have been walking

you will have been walking

he/she/it will have been walking

they will have been walking

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- As of next Friday, I will be working here for 20 years.



I had been eating dinner before you called.

how long an action has been happening at a future point (emphasis in the duration of the action)

Present Simple / Present Progressive

What ELLs Should Know1. Also in time clauses in the future


Simple Present

The plane departs at 7 pm tomorrow.

events on a definite schedule or timetable


Present Progressive

I are watching the new Star Wars movie tomorrow.

a scheduled event or definite intention

What ELLs Should Know1. Future time expressions

Typical ELL Errors (Can you correct them?)- Tomorrow we cooking red beans and rice.- I leave for Miami.- As soon as you will arrive, please call me and I’ll pick you up.

Negative FormsTense Negative Form

Be going toI am not + going to + verbyou/we/they are not + going to + verbhe/she/it is not + going to + verb

Simple Future subject + will not + verb

Future Progressive subject + will not be + present participle

Future Perfect subject + will have not + past participle

Future Perfect Progressive subject + will have not + been + present participle

ContractionsTense Affirmative Negative

Be going to I am going – I’m goinghe/she/it is going – he’s/she’s/it’s goingyou/we/they are going – you’re/we´re/they’re going

I am not – -------he/she/it is not going – he/she/it isn’t goingyou/we/they are not going – you/we/they aren’t going

Tense Affirmative Negative

Simple FutureFuture ProgressiveFuture PerfectFuture Perfect Progressive

I/you/he/she/it/we/they will – I’ll/you’ll/he’ll/she’l/it’ll/we’ll/they’ll

will not – won’t

Contractions

Forming QuestionsTense Questions

Be going to am + I + going to + verbis + he/she/it + going to + verbare + you/we/they + going to + verb

Simple Future will+ subject + verb

Future Progressive will + subject + be + present participle

Future Perfect will + subject + have + past participle


will + subject + have + been + present participle

Future TensesPortuguese Interference Common ErrorsPortuguese does not have a single word for “will”. Instead, word endings on the verbs indicate the future tense. “Go” conjugated in the present also serves as an indication of future.

1. “He will arrives tomorrow.”2. “I go watch this film tomorrow.”

In Portuguese, the ending of verbs change according to the subject. Students might get confused.In Portuguese, there are no auxiliary verbs used to form questions or to form negative sentences in the Simple Past.

1. “___You will go with us?”2. “I no will go.”

tdc1 - class 6

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