Teacher Page

E.O.C. Assessment Information

• Most of the information from section 8 is likely to be considered prior knowledge on the EOC test. With the exception of the section on religion, most of the terminology and concepts in this chapter are likely to be part of more detailed questions. As such students should be able to integrate all of the important ideas from this section into specific regions and broader concepts. (Example: The difference between urban and rural areas in Latin America; how do agreements like the European Union increase challenges related to multiculturalism?, etc.)

•The most challenging aspect of this section is for students to be able to “Describe the Major World Religions”. It is recommended that students keep descriptions as simple as possible and in general terms. Detailed information on each religion would be counter productive and unrealistic for most students to remember. Stick with the BIG IDEAS.

Each Section is designed to take from 30-60 minutes of class time.

•Section 8.1 – Introduction to chapter content; review of definition of culture; major world religions

Activity 8.1A: Major World Religion Tree Map

Activity 8.1B: Spreading the Word (World Religions Map)

•Section 8.2 – Major world religion review; urban and rural areas

Activity 8.2: Comparing Life in Urban and Rural Areas (Presentation Also Available)

•Section 8.3 – Class System; Social Structure

Activity 8.3: Escaping Class!

•Section 8.4 – Family Structure; Gender Roles

Activity 8.4: Changing Gender Roles

•Section 8.5 – Multiculturalism; Minorities; Discrimination and unfair treatment of minorities

Activity 8.5: “Multicultural Ignorance”

•Review of Section 8

Overall Objective: Students should have some level of understanding of the aspects of culture, urban a rural areas, and basic ideas of the major religions based on prior knowledge. This chapter should expand on much of that knowledge, and more importantly combine it together for a conceptual understanding of all basic aspects of culture.

Jarrett Book: Chapter 8122 -140

Essential Questions

How is each of us a product of our culture?

What beliefs and traditions are held by the world’s great

religions?

Important Ideas

• Language and Customs

• Religious Beliefs

• Social Structure

• Urban or Rural Setting

• Family Structure and Gender

• Treatment of Ethnic Groups

What is Culture / Major World Religions

What is Culture?

What is NOT Culture?Challenge Question: Can you think of any non-examples of culture? (This is not as easy as you might think!)

THIS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND!!!

•As you have likely figured out, pretty much everything about the way people live falls under culture.

•There are certain things that everyone in the world must do (example: eat, communicate, and dress) The way people do these things makes up their culture.

Let’s play a game!!!

Institutions are common

for every society?

Churches

Hospitals

Schools

Governments

Army

Families

Draw a circle in your notes. In the middle write this question:

“What is Religion?”

Take a few moments to write down some things that come to your mind about religion in the circle.

What is “religion” to you?

What is Religion?

Set of Beliefs about the where the

universe comes from.

Set of Beliefs about

“supernatural” things

Set of customs, practices or

behaviors that relate to the worship of a

being or beings

An organization or group of people

that conduct worship together

Rules that set up the way someone

should live

Rules for Holy Places of Worship

World Religions /

Urban and Rural

Review: Major World ReligionsUse this chart or information you have already gathered to

summarize this information. NO MORE THAN ONE SHORT SENTENCE FOR EACH RELIGION. Do it quickly, you have exactly 1 minute to get started and one minute per religion.

Animism

Hinduism

Buddhism

Judaism

Christianity

Islam

SIKHISM

Monotheism

Monotheism

Monotheism

Animists

NA

Polytheism

Monotheism Build a relationship with God through MediationReincarnation

Heaven

Heaven

Reincarnation

Reincarnation

Most living things have their own spirit

Mediate to get a closer relationship with God

Follow the 10 CommandmentsAfterlife

Follow commands of the profit Muhammad

Follow the commands of God’s son Jesus

Give up self totally to reach Nirvana (the perfect state)

Afterlife

Deity?Religion Goal? Basic Belief?

Example: “Animist believe in a spirit world.”

Connections Between Religions?

•Abraham is a common forefather of three of the major world religions.

•Muslims, Jews and Christians have a connection to Abraham.

•Sikhism combines similar beliefs of Muslims and Hindus to form an independent religion.

Painting by József Molnár

Major World Religions Challenge Question: What beliefs and traditions are held by the major world religions. THIS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND!!!

•Each culture as well as each person might think of religion completely differently. (Even the same religion)

•When summarizing the world religions, keep it simple – if you get too complicated you will get confused.

•Many of the major religions have connections with each other.

•Most of the major world religions are monotheistic.

Where did Each Religion Begin?

♠ Hinduism – India

◘ Buddhism – India

♥ Judaism – Israel

♦ Christianity – Israel

♣ Islam – Saudi Arabia

● Sikhism - Pakistan

SPREADING THE “WORD”Directions: Use page 130 in the Mastering the TEKS in World Geography textbook or information provided by the teacher to complete the following map. Use colored pencils or draw symbols to trace the spread of each of these religions as they spread over time. Once the map is completed, follow directions to complete the assignment.

♠◘♦ ●

♣

♥

Map created by http://www.worldatlas.com. Used with permission of that site in this instance only.

Public DomainDrumguy8800 releases this image under the Creative Commons Attribution-

Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Cotton Farm, Western Texas

Dallas, Texas

Take a look at these two images. Think about what life might be like for someone living in West Texas and then someone living in Dallas. Now, imagine they switched places!

Now I am going to tell you something that very few teachers will tell you:

Countryside

Farms

Fewer people

Animals

Fields

Lots of space

Fewer houses

Whenever you can use fewer words to say what you mean that is good!!! Vocabulary is your friend, it saves work.

Buildings

Cities

Lots of People

Less Space

Lots of Houses

More Jobs

Noisier?

URBAN OR RURAL?Challenge Question: Why do you think people in rural areas are more likely to maintain traditional ways? THIS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND!!!

•Not everyone in a rural area lives a simple life, but often they do maintain a traditional belief system. They prefer a life that is more simple. Think about how that kind of a philosophy might affect their viewpoints on government, economics, environmental changes, and social life.

•Remember some people live where they do by choice and some people are forced to live there. That might affect those viewpoints.

Class System / Social Structure

Do you think you could tell how rich someone is just seeing what they look like?

James Duncan Davidson/O'Reilly Media - Creative Commons 2.0

Brian Solis - Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License

Alan Light - Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

Public Domain

All of these people are very rich. Can you tell how rich they are based only on what they wear?

True or False: For the most part, the more wealth you have the greater the opportunities you have in life.

PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

PeasantsPeasants

Middle ClassMiddle Class

NobilityNobility This is the way things used to be before the industrial revolution. When new inventions began to replace hand tools and people began to take jobs in factories

things changed.

EARLY-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Working ClassWorking Class

Middle ClassMiddle Class

Upper Upper ClassClass

Once society changed the social structure

changed.

Think about people’s goals or dreams. How would they change?

How free are you to move between the

classes today?

Lower ClassLower Class

Social Mobility Challenge Question: How does the US compare to other areas of the world when it comes to social mobility? THIS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND!!!

•YOU MUST understand the term social mobility.

•Social structure is different in every society. In the US social mobility is very free, but in other areas of the world moving up or down in society is very difficult, if not impossible. (CASTE SYSTEM)

•Social mobility is often dependent on it economic system. Societies with free enterprise systems usually have more social mobility.

Family Structure and Gender Roles

Steve EvansThis file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 license.Public Domain

Take a look at the photos above. Think about the differences between societies as it relates to how women are treated and the opportunities they might have. These United States soldiers are about to leave to travel to Afghanistan.

This woman is walking along the road in Afghanistan.

Gender Rights?Challenge Question: Why do you think that women’s rights is still such an important issue in the world today?

THIS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND!!!

•Women have different levels of freedom in different societies.

•Tradition has a lot to do with how women have been treated in the past and how they are treated today.

•Women are being elected or chosen as leaders of countries where traditionally they have not been given equal rights.

Multiculturalism

So hopefully you know now that culture includes pretty much everything about a

society. Lets use that knowledge and try to learn a little more: What is “multicultural”?

This could mean many or just more

than one

You should know what this word

means

Homogeneous

Societies

Heterogeneous (Multicultural)

Societies

When many culture, ethnic or religious groups are present in one society

Can you think of a country like this?

When there is really only one main culture, ethnic group or even religion

Can you think of a country like this?

Being a minority does not necessarily have anything to do with race. It just means to be part of a cultural or social group that has fewer numbers than the largest group. What about some examples:

You could also be a minority in only a specific circumstance. Can you think of an example?

Special Problems Faced by Some Minorities

Discrimination & Exclusion

Expulsion & GenocideEthnic Prejudice

Minorities treated as inferior

Groups Denied political Power

Force used to limit or control a minority group

Group Denied Civil and Political Rights

Group Cannot own property or have free use of pub. facilities

Intermarriage may be illegal

Forcing a cultural group out of a geographic area is “expulsion”

Murder of a cultural group is known as genocide or “ethnic cleansing”

Multiculturalism and MinoritiesChallenge Question: What kinds of issues do you think will be a problem as more countries around the world deal with multiculturalism? THIS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND!!!

•Many societies have struggled or still struggle with problems between culture groups. (Racism, Prejudice, Discrimination, etc.)

•Countries like Japan, Saudi Arabia and many others are dominated by only one culture. But countries like the US, Canada and Australia have dealt with the blending of multiple cultures for their entire existence.

•Many countries are becoming increasingly multicultural.