Teacher TrainingFor Classical Teachers

GREEK

SAVING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONE STUDENT AT A TIME

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Greek 1 Highlands Latin School

Course Description The goal of this course is for students to grow in virtue and conformity to the image of Christ as they persevere each week through the difficulties of learning a new language. Students will take their first steps toward learning to read Greek and experience the New Testament in the language in which it was first written. Each week students will focus on memorizing vocabulary, paradigms, and translating from both Greek to English and English to Greek.

Textbook N. Clayton Croy, A Primer of Biblical Greek (Eerdmans, 1999).Elizabeth Pierce, Greek 1 Workbook.

Binder Requirement Students should have a 3-ring binder organized in the following way:

1st divider: handouts 2nd divider: quizzes & tests organized by date with most recent first 3rd divider: notes & scratch paper

Method of AssessmentFall Trimester Binder 10% 360 points 3 x 120 points each Homework 10% 360 points 11 x 32.72 points each Tests 30% 1,080 points 2 x 540 points each Quizzes 50% 1,800 points 18 x 100 points each

3,600 total points

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Winter Trimester Binder 10% 340 points 3 x 113.3 points each Homework 10% 340 points 10 x 34 points each Tests 30% 1,020 points 2 x 510 points each Quizzes 50% 1,700 points 17 x 100 points each

3,400 total points Spring Trimester Binder 10% 400 points 3 x 133.3 points each Homework 10% 400 points 10 x 40 points each Tests 30% 1,200 points 3 x 400 points each Quizzes 50% 2,000 points 20 x 100 points each

4,000 total points

All assessments are listed on the course schedule below.

Method of Course Start of class time – assessments & recitation Most Greek classes will begin with an assessment, whether a short quiz or a test, followed by a review of the assessment material once all students are finished. Students will normally take two quizzes per week and two tests per trimester (see the schedule below). After the assessment, or on days when we do not have an assessment, we will start class by reciting paradigms together. I will also review previously covered material by asking the students questions concerning vocabulary and grammar.

Focus of class time – lecture & translation We follow the quiz/review time with a grammar lecture covering the topic of the week. We will cover some lessons in one week, others over the course of two weeks. After the lecture, we will do translation exercises together, giving students the opportunity to put into practice the principles of the lecture.

The students’ focus – vocab, paradigms, translation For every lessons students must master three things: vocabulary, paradigms, and how each grammatical concept relates to English translation. Students will make flashcards for the vocabulary words in each lesson. These flashcards must be done on actual notecards (not scraps of notebook paper). Students are allowed to cut their 3x5 notecard in half — some prefer the portability of smaller cards. We will recite and write each new paradigm we learn many times together in class, and students should do the same at home. Translation skills will be developed through practice in class and through homework assignments on the weekend.

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The Goal – Christ-like character My hope for each student is that they fall in love with the Greek language and begin the journey towards reading through the Greek New Testament before they graduate high school. The goal of this class, however, is for your student to grow in virtue and conformity to the image of Christ as they persevere each week, with my help, through the difficulties of learning a new language.

Course Schedule The scheduled assessments may be adjusted as need be. Fall Trimester Week 1 Aug. 30-Sept. 2 lesson 1 alphabet & pronunciation Week 2 Sept. 6-9 lesson 2 verbs, present active day 1: alphabet & pronunciation quiz day 3: lesson 2 vocab quiz Week 3 Sept. 13-16 lesson 3 1st declension nouns day 1: lesson 2 quiz day 2: binder check day 3: lesson 3 vocab quiz Week 4 Sept. 20-23 lesson 3 1st declension nouns day 1: lesson 3 vocab & paradigms quiz day 3: lesson 3 quiz Week 5 Sept. 27-30 lesson 4 2nd declension nouns day 1: lessons 2-3 vocab quiz day 3: lesson 4 vocab quiz Week 6 Oct. 4-7 lesson 4 2nd declension nouns day 1: lesson 4 paradigms quiz day 2: binder check day 3: lesson 4 quiz Week 7 Oct. 11-14 review

day 3: lessons 1-4 test

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Week 8 Oct. 18-21 lesson 5 article, 2-1-2 adjective day 1: lesson 2-4 vocab quiz day 3: lesson 5 vocab quiz Week 9 Oct. 25-28 lesson 5 article, 2-1-2 adjective day 1: article pardigm & adjective positions quiz day 3: adjective positions quiz Week 10 Nov. 1-4 lesson 6 other 1st & 2nd declension nouns, prepositions day 1: lesson 5 quiz day 3: masculine 1st decl. noun paradigm quiz Week 11 Nov. 8-11 lesson 6 other 1st & 2nd declension nouns, prepositions day 1: prepositions quiz day 3: lesson 6 quiz Week 12 Nov. 15-18 review

day 1: lessons 2-6 vocab quiz day 2: binder check day 3: lessons 5-6 test

Thanksgiving Break Winter Trimester Week 13 Nov. 29-Dec. 2 lesson 7 εἰµί present indicative, personal pronouns day 3: lesson 7 vocab quiz Week 14 Dec. 6-9 lesson 7 εἰµί present indicative, personal pronouns day 1: 1st & 2nd person personal pronouns quiz day 3: lesson 7 quiz Week 15 Dec. 13-16 review day 1: binder check Christmas Break Week 16 Jan. 3-6 lesson 8 demonstratives, other uses of αὐτός day 3: lesson 8 vocab quiz

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Week 17 Jan. 10-13 lesson 8 demonstratives, other uses of αὐτός day 1: near & far demonstrative pronouns quiz day 3: adjective/demonstrative positions quiz Week 18 Jan. 17-20 lesson 9 middle & passive voices day 1: lesson 9 vocab quiz day 2: binder check day 3: lessons 2-9 vocab quiz Week 19 Jan. 24-27 review day 1: lesson 9 quiz

day 3: lessons 7-9 test Week 20 Jan. 31-Feb. 3 lesson 10 imperfect active day 3: lesson 10 vocab quiz Week 21 Feb. 7-10 lesson 10 imperfect active day 1: forms of the augment quiz day 3: lesson 10 vocab & paradigms quiz Week 22 Feb. 14-17 lesson 11 imperfect middle/passive day 1: lesson 10 quiz day 3: lesson 11 vocab quiz Week 23 Feb. 21-24 lesson 11 imperfect middle/passive day 1: lessons 2-11 vocab quiz day 3: lessons 11 paradigms quiz Week 24 Feb. 28-Mar. 3 review

day 1: lesson 11 quiz day 2: binder check day 3: lessons 10-11 test

Spring Break Spring Trimester Week 25 Mar. 14-17 lesson 12 principal parts, future active & middle day 1: cumulative paradigms quiz

day 3: lesson 12 vocabulary quiz

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Week 26 Mar. 21-24 lesson 13 aorist active & middle day 1: lesson 12 quiz day 3: lesson 13 vocab quiz Week 27 Mar. 28-31 lesson 14 second aorist active & middle day 1: lesson 13 quiz day 2: binder check day 3: lesson 14 vocab quiz Week 28 Apr. 4-7 lesson 14 second aorist active & middle day 1: lesson 14 paradigms quiz day 3: lesson 14 quiz Week 29 Apr. 11-14 lesson 15 perfect active & middle/passive day 1: lessons 12-14 test day 2: binder check day 3: lesson 15 vocab quiz Week 30 Apr. 18-21 lesson 15 perfect active & middle/passive day 1: principal parts quiz day 2: lesson 15 paradigms quiz Week 31 Apr. 25-28 lesson 16 aorist & future passive day 1: lesson 15 quiz day 3: lesson 16 vocab quiz Week 32 May 2-5 lesson 16 aorist & future passive day 1: principal parts quiz day 2: binder check day 3: lesson 16 quiz Week 33 May 9-12 review

day 1: lessons 15-16 test day 3: principal parts quiz

Week 34 May 16-19 review day 1: lessons 2-16 vocab quiz day 3: cumulative paradigms quiz

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Week 35 May 23-25 final exam

3030 Lesson 9

Lesson 9

Καλῶς νικῶντες σωζώμεθα We must save ourselves by a beautiful victory —Xenophon, Anabasis

1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

CaseSingular Plural

M. F. N. M. F. N.

Nominative ἀγαθός ἀγαθή ἀγαθόν ἀγαθοί ἀγαθαί ἀγαθάGenitive ἀγαθοῦ ἀγαθῆς ἀγαθοῦ ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθῶνDative ἀγαθῷ ἀγαθῇ ἀγαθῷ ἀγαθοῖς ἀγαθαῖς ἀγαθοῖςAccusative ἀγαθόν ἀγαθήν ἀγαθόν ἀγαθούς ἀγαθάς ἀγαθά

An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun, and must agree with it in gender, number, and case. It does so by declining in all three genders:

In the masculine and neuter, it has regular 2nd declension masculine and neuter endings. In the feminine, if the stem ends in ρ, ι, or ε (PIe), the singular case endings will follow the pure α pattern. Otherwise, the feminine has pure η endings. (Adjectives cannot have mixed endings.)

In the lexical entry, the adjective is given in its nominative singular masculine form, followed by the feminine and neuter nominative singular endings. the feminine ending (-α or -η) will indicate the feminine declension (pure α or pure η).

VocabularyLexical Entry English Cognates

ἀγαθός -ή -όν good, brave Agathaἅγιος -α -ον holy Hagia Sophia, hagiographyδίκαιος -α -ον righteous, justἔσχατος -η -ον last eschatologyκακός -ή -όν bad cacophonyκαλός -ή -όν beautiful, honorable calligraphyμακρός -ά -όν long macro, macronμικρός -ά -όν small micro, microscopeγάρ (postpositive conjunction) for

3131Lesson 9

In Greek, there are different ways of ordering the definite article, adjective, and noun.1. Attributive Position2. Predicate Position3. Substantive Position

In the Attributive position, the adjective modifies a noun directly and occurs in two word orders.1. article + adjective + noun

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man2. article + noun + article + adjective

ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός the good man [lit. "the man, the good"]Notice that in each word order there is an article directly before the adjective. the Attributive position can be identified by AAA: Article + Adjective = Attributive.

In the predicate position, the adjective modifies the noun indirectly by acting as a predicate adjective. In the predicate position, the adjective is never preceded by an article.

1. article + noun + adjective ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀγαθός the man (is) good

2. adjective + article + noun ἀγαθὸς ὁ ἄνθρωπος the man (is) good [lit. "good the man"]

the to be verb is often omitted, as in the above examples, but is sometimes included, e.g., ὁ ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν ἀγαθός.

In the Substantive position, the adjective alone functions as a noun. An english example is the righteous. the word righteous is an adjective functioning as a noun.

1. article + adjective οἱ ἀγαθοί the good (men) or the good (things)

2. adjective ἀγαθός the good or the good (man) [Notice the is included in translation.]

the gender and number of the adjective will help determine the translation. In the first example above, the adjective is masculine plural, hence the translation men or things. In the second example, the adjective is accusative singular, hence the translation man.

Word Study. A postpositive cannot stand first in a sentence or clause. The English equivalents, however, may be first.

Οἱ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι λέγουσι. For the men speak.

note: γάρ is a conjunction, not a preposition.

Καλῶς νικῶντες σωζώμεθα is another saying from Xenophon’s Anabasis. the Anabasis is often the first text read by Greek students, just as Caesar’s De Bello Gallico is often the first text read by Latin students. Xenophon wrote other works too, including several about Socrates.

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Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

DAY ONE

I. WORD STUDY AND GRAMMAR 

1. Which words have a breathing mark? __________________________________________________________

2. Which word has a diphthong? ________________________________________________________________

3. Defi ne adjective. _____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. An adjective must agree with its noun in _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________ .

5. In the feminine, adjectives have pure α endings if the stem ends in _________________________________ ;

otherwise they have pure η endings.

6. Which adjectives have pure α endings in the feminine? ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Which adjectives have pure η endings in the feminine? ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. In the lexical entry, the adjective is given in its ___________________________________________________

form followed by the ______________________________ and ________________________________endings.

9. The three adjective positions are _______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________ .

10. An adjective in the att ributive position must always be preceded by a/an ___________________________ .

11. An adjective in the predicate position is never preceded by a/an ___________________________________ .

12. An adjective alone functioning as a noun is in the _________________________________________position.

13. A/An _________________________________ conjunction cannot stand fi rst in the sentence or clause.

14. Review. The Greek use of the article diff ers from English in that Greek commonly uses its article with

__________________________________________ nouns and _________________________________ nouns.

15. Review. Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

1) __________________________________________________________________________________________

2) __________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Review. Give the neuter rule. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

ἀγαθός, ἅγιος, ἔσχατος δίκαιος

An adjective modifi es or describes a noun or pronoun.

gender, number, and case

ρ, ι, or ε

ἅγιος, δίκαιος, μακρός, μικρός

ἀγαθός, ἔσχατος, κακός, καλός

nominative singular masculine nom. sing. f. nom. sing. n. attributive, predicate, substantive

article article substantive postpositive

proper abstract

nouns that end in -ος usually masculine nouns that end in -ον always neuter The nominative and accusative case forms are identical and the nominative and accusative plural case ending is -α.

76 Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

II. GREEK SAYING: Say aloud and write 3X.

Greek Καλῶς νικῶντες σωζώμεθα

Greek

Greek

English We must save ourselves by a beautiful victory

III. VOCABULARY: Say aloud and write with meanings and cognates. Repeat this exercise on Days Two and Three on a separate sheet of paper.

Greek (Lexical Form) Meaning Cognate

ἀγαθός -ή -όν good, brave Agatha

ἅγιος -α -ον holy Hagia Sophia, hagiography

δίκαιος -α -ον righteous, just

ἔσχατος -η -ον last eschatology

κακός -ή -όν bad cacophony

καλός -ή -όν beautiful, honorable calligraphy

μακρός -ά -όν long macro, macron

μικρός -ά -όν small micro, microscope

γάρ (postpositive conjunction) for

IV. COGNATES 

1. A horizontal line over a vowel to show it is long is called a/an _____________________________________ .

2. The word ___________________________________________ literally means "beautiful writing."

3. A/An _________________________________ uses a series of lenses to magnify images of small objects.

4. A/An ______________________________________________ is a biography about the life of a saint.

5. A branch of theology that studies the fi nal events of world history is _______________________________ .

6. A/An _________________________________ is an unpleasant mixing of sounds from two Greek roots:

_________________________ , meaning "bad," and ____________________ , meaning "sound."

macron calligraphy microscope hagiography eschatology cacophony κακός φωνή

77Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

Lesson 9

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DAY TWO

I. DECLENSIONS 

1. Give the Greek and stem.

Lexical Form Stem

good, brave ἀγαθός -ή -όν ἀγαθ-

holy ἅγιος -α -ον ἁγι-

righteous, just δίκαιος -α -ον δικαι-

last ἔσχατος -η -ον ἐσχατ-

bad κακός -ή -όν κακ-

beautiful, honorable καλός -ή -όν καλ-

long μακρός -ά -όν μακρ-

small μικρός -ά -όν μικρ-

2. Decline καλός in all three genders.

Singular PluralM. F. N. M. F. N.

καλός καλή καλόν καλοί καλαί καλά

καλοῦ καλῆς καλοῦ καλῶν καλῶν καλῶν

καλῷ καλῇ καλῷ καλοῖς καλαῖς καλοῖς

καλόν καλήν καλόν καλούς καλάς καλά

3. Decline the good brother. Say the declension aloud aft er you have writt en it correctly.

Singular Plural

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἀδελφός οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἀδελφοί

τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀδελφῶν

τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀδελφῷ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀδελφοῖς

τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἀδελφόν τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀδελφούς

78 Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

4. Decline the last house. Say the declension aloud aft er you have writt en it correctly.

Singular Plural

ἡ ἐσχάτη οἰκία αἱ ἔσχαται οἰκίαι

τῆς ἐσχάτης οἰκίας τῶν ἐσχάτων οἰκιῶν

τῇ ἐσχάτῃ οἰκίᾳ ταῖς ἐσχάταις οἰκίαις

τὴν ἐσχάτην οἰκίαν τὰς ἐσχάτας οἰκίας

5. Decline the long life. Say the declension aloud aft er you have writt en it correctly.

Singular Plural

ἡ μακρὰ ζωή αἱ μακραὶ ζωαί

τῆς μακρᾶς ζωῆς τῶν μακρῶν ζωῶν

τῇ μακρᾷ ζωῇ ταῖς μακραῖς ζωαῖς

τὴν μακρὰν ζωήν τὰς μακρὰς ζωάς

6. Decline the small temple. Say the declension aloud aft er you have writt en it correctly.

Singular Plural

τὸ μικρὸν ἱερόν τὰ μικρὰ ἱερά

τοῦ μικροῦ ἱεροῦ τῶν μικρῶν ἱερῶν

τῷ μικρῷ ἱερῷ τοῖς μικροῖς ἱεροῖς

τὸ μικρὸν ἱερόν τὰ μικρὰ ἱερά

II. CONJUGATIONS 

1. Review. Conjugate the verb, saying it aloud as you write it and several times aft er you write it.

Singular Plural Meanings - Progressive Present

λύω λύομεν I am loosing we are loosing

λύεις λύετε you are loosing you all are loosing

λύει λύουσι(ν) hsi is loosing they are loosing

Infi nitive: λύειν Infi nitive: to loose

79Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

Lesson 9

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DAY THREE

I. FORM DRILLS: Adjective Positions - Greek to English

Drill A - Put the following words in the appropriate order and translate. Remember, the noun will not be used in the substantive position.

1. ὁ, δίκαιος, λόγος

(a) Att ributive Position: _______________________________________________________________________

(b) Predicate Position: ________________________________________________________________________

(c) Substantive Position: ______________________________________________________________________

2. αἱ, ἅγιαι, ὧραι

(a) Att ributive Position: _______________________________________________________________________

(b) Predicate Position: ________________________________________________________________________

(c) Substantive Position: ______________________________________________________________________

3. ἡ, ἀγαθή, γλῶσσα

(a) Att ributive Position: _______________________________________________________________________

(b) Predicate Position: ________________________________________________________________________

(c) Substantive Position: ______________________________________________________________________

4. τά, κακά, δένδρα

(a) Att ributive Position: _______________________________________________________________________

(b) Predicate Position: ________________________________________________________________________

(c) Substantive Position: ______________________________________________________________________

Drill B - Att ributive Position. Translate and give case and number.

1. οἱ μικροὶ ποταμοί _____________________________________________________________________________

2. τὴν ἁγίαν ἐκκλησίαν __________________________________________________________________________

3. τῇ οἰκίᾳ τῇ ἀγαθῇ _____________________________________________________________________________

4. τὰ δένδρα τὰ μακρά ___________________________________________________________________________

5. ταῖς ἀγαθαῖς καρδίαις __________________________________________________________________________

6. τὸ κακὸν δῶρον ______________________________________________________________________________

7. τοὺς ἀποστόλους τοὺς ἐσχάτους _________________________________________________________________

8. τῶν ἵππων τῶν καλῶν _________________________________________________________________________

9. τῇ μακρᾷ ζωῇ ________________________________________________________________________________

10. τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ δικαίου _______________________________________________________________________

ὁ δίκαιoς λόγος OR ὁ λόγος ὁ δίκαιoς the just wordὁ λόγος δίκαιoς OR δίκαιoς ὁ λόγος the word (is) justὁ δίκαιoς OR δίκαιoς the just (man)

αἱ ἅγιαι ὧραι OR αἱ ὧραι αἱ ἅγιαι the holy hoursαἱ ὧραι ἅγιαι OR ἅγιαι αἱ ὧραι the hours (are) holyαἱ ἅγιαι OR ἅγιαι the holy (women)

ἡ ἀγαθὴ γλῶσσα OR ἡ γλῶσσα ἡ ἀγαθή the good languageἡ γλῶσσα ἀγαθή OR ἀγαθὴ ἡ γλῶσσα the language (is) goodἡ ἀγαθή OR ἀγαθή the good (woman)

τὰ κακὰ δένδρα OR τὰ δένδρα τὰ κακά the bad treesτὰ δένδρα κακά OR κακὰ τὰ δένδρα the trees (are) badτὰ κακά OR κακά the bad (things)

the small rivers nom. pl.the holy church acc. sing.the good house dat. sing.the long trees nom. pl. OR acc. pl.the good hearts dat. pl.the bad gift nom. sing. OR acc. sing. the last apostles acc. pl.the beautiful horses gen. pl.the long life dat. sing.the just brother gen. sing.

80 Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

Drill C - Predicate Position. Translate.

1. ἡ ἀδελφὴ ἐσχάτη _____________________________________________________________________________

2. αἱ ἀρχαὶ ἀγαθαί _______________________________________________________________________________

3. ἅγιοι οἱ θάνατοι ______________________________________________________________________________

4. κακὸν τὸ πλοῖον ______________________________________________________________________________

5. ὁ κόσμος καλός _______________________________________________________________________________ Drill D - All Adjective Positions. Translate and give case and number, then write A (Att ributive), P (Predicate), or S (Substantive) to show the type of construction.

1. ἡ νίκη μικρά _________________________________________________________________________________

2. τῷ μακρῷ ποταμῷ ____________________________________________________________________________

3. τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἀγαθῶν _________________________________________________________________________

4. τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀληθείας __________________________________________________________________________

5. ὁ Θεὸς ἅγιος _________________________________________________________________________________

6. τὰς καλάς ___________________________________________________________________________________

7. ἀγαθὰ τὰ δῶρα _______________________________________________________________________________

8. ταῖς καλαῖς καρδίαις___________________________________________________________________________

9. ἅγιος _______________________________________________________________________________________

10. τὰ ἔργα τὰ κακά ______________________________________________________________________________

DAY FOUR

I. FORM DRILLS: Adjective Positions - English to Greek

Drill A - Att ributive Position. Translate each phrase two diff erent ways.

1. the brave messenger (nom.) ___________________________________________________________________

2. the beautiful book (gen.) ______________________________________________________________________

3. the long boats (acc.) __________________________________________________________________________

4. the holy land (dat.) __________________________________________________________________________

5. the just men (acc.) ___________________________________________________________________________

Drill B - Predicate Position. Translate each phrase two diff erent ways. All phrases are in the nominative.

1. the hour is last ______________________________________________________________________________

2. the child is bad ______________________________________________________________________________

3. the houses are small _________________________________________________________________________

4. the seas are beautiful _________________________________________________________________________

5. the servants are righteous ____________________________________________________________________

the sister is lastthe beginnings (are) goodthe deaths (are) holythe boat (is) badthe universe (is) beautiful

the victory (is) small nom. sing. Pthe long river dat. sing. Athe good sons gen. pl. Athe last truth gen. sing. A(The) God is holy nom. sing. Pthe beautiful (women) acc. pl. Sthe gifts (are) good nom. pl. Pthe beautiful hearts dat. pl. Athe holy (man) nom. sing. Sthe bad deeds nom. pl./acc. pl. A

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄγγελος ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ ἀγαθός

τοῦ καλοῦ βιβλίου τοῦ βιβλίου τοῦ καλοῦ

τὰ μακρὰ πλοῖα τὰ πλοῖα τὰ μακρά

τῇ ἁγίᾳ γῇ τῇ γῇ τῇ ἁγίᾳ

τοὺς δικαίους ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς δικαίους

ἡ ὥρα ἐσχάτη ἐσχάτη ἡ ὥρα

τὸ τέκνον κακόν κακὸν τὸ τέκνον

αἱ οἰκίαι μικραί μικραὶ αἱ οἰκίαι

αἱ θάλασσαι καλαί καλαὶ αἱ θάλασσαι

οἱ δοῦλοι δίκαιοι δίκαιοι οἱ δοῦλοι

81Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

Lesson 9

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Drill C - All Adjective Positions. Translate each phrase two diff erent ways.

1. the brave son (dat.) __________________________________________________________________________

2. the children are small (nom.) __________________________________________________________________

3. the law is holy (nom.) ________________________________________________________________________

4. the righteous (men) (acc.) _____________________________________________________________________

5. the honorable work (gen.) ____________________________________________________________________

II. TRANSLATION 

Drill A

1. Ὁ κακὸς ἄνθρωπος πιστεύει, ὁ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ἀκούει τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ ἁγίου. ______________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Ἄγει ὁ μακρὸς ποταμὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς εἰς τὴν μικρὰν ἀγορὰν. ________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Θέλομεν βάλλειν τὰ δωρὰ τὰ μικρὰ ταῖς ἀγαθαῖς ἀδελφαῖς. ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Οἱ ἅγιοι πιστεύουσι ὅτι ἀκούει ὁ Θεὸς τοὺς λόγους τοῦ λαοῦ; __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Τὰ τέκνα μικρὰ καὶ ἀκούουσι τὸν λόγον τὸν ἅγιον τοῦ Κυρίου. _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Drill B - Translate "the righteous (men)" in sentence 1 as a substantive.

1. The good apostles speak with the righteous (men). _______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The law of the Lord is holy and the works of God are righteous. ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

τῷ ἀγαθῷ υἱῷ τῷ υἱῷ τῷ ἀγαθῷ

τὰ τέκνα μικρά μικρὰ τὰ τέκνα

ὁ νόμος ἅγιος ἅγιος ὁ νόμος

τοὺς δικαίους δικαίους

τοῦ καλοῦ ἔργου τοῦ ἔργου τοῦ καλοῦ

The bad man believes, for the man hears the voice of the holy people.

The long river leads the brothers into the small market.

We wish to throw the small gifts to the good sisters.

Do the holy (men) believe that God hears the words of the people?

The children (are) small and they hear the holy word of the Lord.

Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἀπόστολοι λέγουσι σὺν τοῖς δικαίοις.

Ἅγιος ὁ νόμος τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ δίκαια τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Θεοῦ.

82 Lesson 9: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

3. For I believe that the words of the Good Book are beautiful. _______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 9 Cumulative Review

This review is to be completed on Day 5 aft er the weekly quiz or on the morning of Day 1 of next week, before beginning a new lesson. Practice this section until you can do it perfectly from memory.

A. Verbs - Write the lexical form and say aloud. Include any case the verb takes.

English Greek

I loose (loosen), destroy λύω

I lead ἄγω

I hear ἀκούω

I throw βάλλω

I see βλέπω

I know γινώσκω

I write γράφω

he, she, it is ἐστί(ν)

they are εἰσί(ν)

I wish, will, desire θέλω

I say, speak, tell λέγω

I believe πιστεύω (w/dat.)

B. Other Words

English Greek

from ἀπό (w/gen.)

into, to εἰς (w/acc.)

in ἐν (w/dat.)

with σύν (w/dat.)

and καί

that, because ὅτι

not οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ

Πιστεύω γὰρ ὅτι καλοὶ οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Ἀγαθοῦ Βιβλίου.

83Lesson 9 Cumulative Review

Lesson 9

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C. Lesson 8 Nouns - Write the lexical form and say aloud.

English Greek

angel, messenger ἄγγελος -ου ὁ

apostle ἀπόστολος -ου ὁ

slave, servant δοῦλος -ου ὁ

death θάνατος -ου ὁ

world, universe κόσμος -ου ὁ

stone λίθος -ου ὁ

law νόμος -ου ὁ

heaven, sky οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ

son υἱός -οῦ ὁ

D. Lesson 6 Nouns - Say the Greek aloud and write the English meaning.

Greek English

ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother

ἄνθρωπος -ου ὁ man, person

θεός -οῦ ὁ god

ἵππος -ου ὁ horse

κύριος -ου ὁ lord, master

λαός -οῦ ὁ people

λόγος -ου ὁ word

ποταμός -οῦ ὁ river

84 Lesson 9 Cumulative Review

Lesson 10: Special Nouns of the 1st-2nd Declensions

DAY ONE

I. WORD STUDY AND GRAMMAR 

1. Which words have a breathing mark? __________________________________________________________

2. Which word has a diphthong? ________________________________________________________________

3. What is the model noun for 1st declension masculine nouns? ______________________________________

4. First decl. masculine nouns are declined exactly like pure η nouns except in what two endings? _______

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Give the nominative and genitive singular endings for 1st decl. masculine nouns. ____________________

6. Review. Give the nominative and genitive singular endings for pure η nouns. _______________________

For pure α nouns. _______________________ For mixed nouns. ____________________________________

7. First decl. nouns with the nominative singular ending -ης are always ______________________ in gender.

8. Review. The ________________________________________ identifi es the gender of a noun and agrees

with it in ___________________________________________________________________________________ .

9. The lexical entry for 1st decl. masculine nouns includes the __________________________ defi nite article.

10. What is the model noun for 2nd declension feminine nouns? ______________________________________

11. Second declension feminine nouns are declined exactly like _______________________________________

_____________________________________________ nouns.

12. The lexical entry for 2nd decl. feminine nouns includes the __________________________ defi nite article.

13. An adjective must agree with its noun in _______________________________________________________

______________________________________ , but not necessarily __________________________________ .

14. Review. The three adjective positions are _______________________________________________________ .

15. Review. An adjective in the att ributive position must always be preceded by a/an ____________________ .

16. Review. An adjective in the predicate position is never preceded by a/an ___________________________ .

17. Review. An adjective alone functioning as a noun is in the ________________________________ position.

II. GREEK SAYING: Say aloud and write 3X.

Greek Ὁδοὶ δύο εἰσί, μία τῆς ζωῆς καὶ μία τοῦ θανάτου …

Greek

Greek

English There are two ways, one of life and one of death …

ἔρημος, ὁδός, ἔχω ναύτης

ναύτης -ου ὁ

nominative and genitive singular -ης -ου -η -ης

-α -ας -α -ης

masculine defi nite article gender, number, and case masculine ὁδός -οῦ ἡ 2nd declension masculine

feminine gender, number, and case declension attributive, predicate, substantive article article substantive

85Lesson 10: Special Nouns of the 1st-2nd Declensions

Lesson 9