teachers kit lowres
TRANSCRIPT
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion
is p
rovi
ded
by t
he C
ity o
f Lon
don
Cor
pora
tion
as p
art
of it
s co
ntri
butio
nto
the
cul
tura
l life
of L
ondo
n an
d th
e N
atio
n. w
ww
.tow
erbr
idge
.org
.uk
BE
FO
RE
YO
UR
VIS
IT:
Tow
er
Bri
dge
Exh
ibit
ion: V
ital In
form
ati
on...
......
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.... It
em
#1
Pla
nnin
g You
r V
isit
......
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.... It
em
#2
Ris
k A
ssess
ment
Tem
pla
te...
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......
......
......
. It
em
#3
DU
RIN
G Y
OU
R V
ISIT
:
Teach
er
s In
form
ati
on S
heet
& L
ocal M
ap...
......
......
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.... It
em
#4
Pupil
s W
orks
heet
(2 p
age
s fo
r duplic
ati
on)
......
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......
.... It
em
#5
AFTE
R Y
OU
R V
ISIT
:
Cla
ssro
om A
ctiv
itie
s....
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.... It
em
#6
Cla
ssro
om A
ctiv
itie
s C
urr
iculu
m L
inks
Index...
......
......
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......
......
.....I
tem
#6A
RE
SO
UR
CE
S:
Tow
er
Bri
dge
: Fact
s &
Fig
ure
s....
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..... I
tem
#7
An A
rtic
le f
rom
the I
llust
rate
d L
ondon
New
s....
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......
......
.... It
em
#8
Types
of B
ridge
s In
form
ati
on S
heet.
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Item
#9
Bri
dge
s of
the W
orld
Info
rmati
on S
heet.
......
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......
...It
em
#10
Tow
er
Bri
dge
: D
iagr
am
of
For
ces.
......
......
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......
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......
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....I
tem
#11
How
the B
asc
ule
s W
ER
E R
ais
ed (
Ste
p-b
y-Ste
p)...
......
......
......
......
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....Ite
m #
12
How
the B
asc
ule
s A
RE
Rais
ed (
Ste
p-b
y-Ste
p)...
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..Ite
m #
13
Vic
tori
an M
ap o
f Lo
ndon
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Item
#14
Wor
ld M
ap W
orks
heet
......
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...It
em
#15
Image
Lib
rary
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.Ite
m #
16
Tow
er B
ridg
e E
xhib
itio
n
Edu
cational
Act
ivitie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
: V
ITA
L I
NFO
RM
ATIO
NIn
trodu
ctio
n:
Com
plet
ed in
189
4, T
ower
Bri
dge
was
inst
antly
hai
led
as a
Lon
don
icon
and
one
of
the
grea
t en
gine
erin
g m
arve
ls o
f its
age
. Com
e in
side
to
expl
ore
its h
isto
ry, u
ncov
erits
sec
rets
and
to
enjo
y st
unni
ng v
iew
s fr
om it
s H
igh-
Leve
l Wal
kway
s, si
tuat
ed 4
2m
etre
s ab
ove
the
Riv
er T
ham
es.
Loca
tion:
Tow
er B
ridg
e R
oad,
Lon
don
SE1
2UP
Conta
ct:
Gro
up B
ooki
ngs T
elep
hone
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740
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91
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site
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ww
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erbr
idge
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nin
g H
ours
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pril
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epte
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r: 10
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issi
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ch:
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issi
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roup
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M)
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roup
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ance
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ur g
roup
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ueue
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ooki
ngs
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ade
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elep
hone
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ail:
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elep
hone
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91By
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ail:
enqu
irie
s@to
wer
brid
ge.o
rg.u
k
Cost
: St
anda
rd p
rice
: A
dult
Tic
ket
= £
7 C
hild
Tic
ket
= £
3G
roup
rat
e (*
10 o
r m
ore)
: Adu
lt T
icke
t =
£6.
00 C
hild
Tic
ket
= £
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*1 a
dult
free
for
ever
y 10
pri
mar
y sc
hool
chi
ldre
nC
an b
e pa
id in
adv
ance
or
on a
rriv
al. T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n ac
cept
s pa
ymen
t by
cash
, che
que
or m
ajor
cre
dit
card
.
Publ
ic T
ransp
ort
: By
Tub
e: T
ower
Hill
(se
rved
by
Dis
tric
t Li
ne a
nd
Cir
cle
Line
) or
Lon
don
Brid
ge (
serv
ed b
y N
orth
ern
Line
)
By R
ail:
Lond
on B
ridg
e St
atio
n, T
ower
Gat
eway
DLR
or
Fenc
hurc
h St
reet
Stat
ion B
y Bu
s: 15
, 42,
78,
100
, RV
1 an
d on
Sat
urda
y an
d Su
nday
25.
By B
oat:
Alig
ht a
t Lo
ndon
Bri
dge
City
or
St. K
atha
rine
Doc
ks.
Coac
h P
arki
ng:
The
re a
re c
oach
par
ks n
earb
y. Se
e th
e en
clos
ed m
ap fo
r lo
catio
ns.
Pra
ctic
al I
nfo
:W
e re
com
men
d br
ingi
ng a
s lit
tle a
s po
ssib
le w
ith y
ou d
urin
g yo
ur v
isit.
Pott
ers
Fiel
ds P
ark
is lo
cate
d ju
st w
est
of t
he E
ngin
e R
oom
s, w
hich
is id
eal f
or a
pic
nic
on a
sun
ny d
ay.
Add
ition
ally,
the
re is
pub
lic s
pace
alo
ng t
he r
iver
adj
acen
t to
the
Des
ign
Mus
eum
. Ple
ase
see
the
encl
osed
map
for
loca
tion.
BEFORE
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es K
it,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Res
ourc
e de
sign
ed b
y G
uy F
ox L
imite
d.G
uy F
ox L
imite
d is
par
t of
Guy
Fox
His
tory
Pro
ject
, an
educ
atio
nal c
hari
ty w
hich
cre
ates
inno
vativ
e pu
blic
atio
ns fo
r ch
ildre
n. T
o le
arn
abou
tou
r w
ork,
visi
t w
ww
.guy
fox.
org.
uk.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
201
0, G
uy F
ox L
imite
d. A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d. D
uplic
atio
n is
per
mitt
ed fo
r ed
ucat
iona
l use
onl
y.
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
PLA
NN
ING
YO
UR
VIS
ITTo
Book
Your
Vis
it:
Ple
ase
te
lep
ho
ne
02
0 7
40
7 9
191 (
To
we
r B
rid
ge E
xh
ibit
ion
Gro
up
Bo
ok
ings
) o
r e
mai
le
nq
uir
ies@
tow
erb
rid
ge.o
rg.u
k
Rec
om
men
dations
for
Your
Vis
it:
• A
llo
w a
rat
io o
f 1
ad
ult
to
10 c
hil
dre
n.
• A
llo
w 9
0 m
inu
tes
for
you
r vi
sit.
• M
inim
um
age
fo
r vi
sito
rs: 5
ye
ars
old
.•
Th
ere
is
no
sto
rage
on
site
; w
e r
eco
mm
en
d b
rin
gin
g as
lit
tle
as
po
ssib
le w
ith
yo
u.
• D
ow
nlo
ad t
he
Gu
y F
ox
‘E
xp
lore
Kit
’ fo
r m
ore
re
sou
rce
s an
d m
aps
of
the
are
a.
Hea
lth &
Saf
ety
Info
rmat
ion:
Th
e st
airs
at
To
wer
Bri
dge
Ex
hib
itio
n a
re v
ery
stee
p a
nd
ch
ildre
n s
ho
uld
be
rem
ind
edn
ot
to r
un
, to
ho
ld t
he
han
d r
ails
, an
d t
o t
ake
th
eir
tim
e.
Vis
it C
hec
klis
t:O
n t
he
day
of
you
r vi
sit,
yo
u m
ay w
ant
to b
rin
g:
Cli
pb
oar
ds
and
pe
nci
ls
Ph
oto
cop
ies
of
‘My
Vis
it t
o T
ow
er
Bri
dge
Ex
hib
itio
n’
(Ite
m #
5 i
n t
his
Kit
)
Cam
era
(s)
Dra
win
g m
ate
rial
s
Imag
e L
ibra
ry f
rom
th
is K
it
Map
of
Lo
nd
on
(ch
eck
ww
w.g
uyf
ox
.org
.uk
fo
r o
ur
curr
en
t se
lect
ion
of
map
s)
Your
Note
s:
BEFORE
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es K
it,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Res
ourc
e de
sign
ed b
y G
uy F
ox L
imite
d.G
uy F
ox L
imite
d is
par
t of
Guy
Fox
His
tory
Pro
ject
, an
educ
atio
nal c
hari
ty w
hich
cre
ates
inno
vativ
e pu
blic
atio
ns fo
r ch
ildre
n. T
o le
arn
abou
tou
r w
ork,
visi
t w
ww
.guy
fox.
org.
uk.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
201
0, G
uy F
ox L
imite
d. A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d. D
uplic
atio
n is
per
mitt
ed fo
r ed
ucat
iona
l use
onl
y.
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
RIS
K A
SSE
SSM
EN
T T
EM
PLA
TE
Sch
ool N
am
e:
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
Teach
er
s N
am
e(s
)_
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
Cla
ss N
am
e:_
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
_D
ate
of
Vis
it:_
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
_
Loca
tion
Pote
ntial
Haz
ard
Act
ion t
o R
educe
Ris
k
BEFORE
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es K
it,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Res
ourc
e de
sign
ed b
y G
uy F
ox L
imite
d.G
uy F
ox L
imite
d is
par
t of
Guy
Fox
His
tory
Pro
ject
, an
educ
atio
nal c
hari
ty w
hich
cre
ates
inno
vativ
e pu
blic
atio
ns fo
r ch
ildre
n. T
o le
arn
abou
tou
r w
ork,
visi
t w
ww
.guy
fox.
org.
uk.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
201
0, G
uy F
ox L
imite
d. A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d. D
uplic
atio
n is
per
mitt
ed fo
r ed
ucat
iona
l use
onl
y.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
London
Bri
dge
Lower Thames Street
Tower Hill
Lower Tham
esSt
reet
East Smithfield
St
Kath
arin
es
Way
St Katharines Way
Eastcheap
Fis
h S
tree
t H
ill
Bot
olph L
ane
Pud
ding
Lane
Phi
lpot
Lane
Roo
dL a
ne
Min
cing
Lane
Mark
Lane
Pepys Street
Seeth
ing
Lane
Muscovy Street Trin
itySq
uare
Savage G
ardens
Cooper
s Row
Minories
Berm
ondsey S
treet
St
Mary
at
Hill
StD
unst
ans
Hill
Monument Street
Arthur Street
Duke Street Hill
Tooley Street
Tooley Street
Tooley Street
Queen Elizabeth Street
Shan
dStr
eet
Queen Elizabeth Street
Lafo
ne S
tree
t
Hor
sely
dow
n L
ane
Gainsford Street
Cur
lew
Str
eet
Gainsford Street
Mag
uire
Stre
et
Lafo
ne S
tree
t
Bat
tle
Bridg
e La
ne
Hay
s La
ne
Cot
ton
sLa
ne
Tooley Street
H
H
Tower of London
Tower BridgeExhibition
All Hallowsby the Tower
Church
Old BillingsgateMarket
HMS Belfast
The Monument
City Hall
London BridgeStation
Hays Galleria
Tower HillStation
River Thames
River Thames
St. KatharineDocks
Pool ofLondon
Great Tower Street
PottersFieldsPark
DURING
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
NEIGHBOURHOOD MAP
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
DURING
PU
PIL
s W
OR
KSH
EE
T -
Pag
e 1
of 2
Tow
er
Bri
dge
is
a f
am
ous
landm
ark
in _
__
__
__
__
__
__
_. It
was
built
during
the
reig
n o
f _
__
__
__
__
__
__
_. I
t firs
t op
ened
on _
__
__
__
__
__
__
_
aft
er
eig
ht
years
of
const
ruct
ion.
Tow
er
Bri
dge
sol
ved a
big
pro
blem
: Lo
ndon
needed a
riv
er
cros
sing
for
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
whic
h w
ould
als
o allo
w _
__
__
__
__
__
__
_ t
o jo
urn
ey
up a
nd d
own t
he R
iver
Tham
es.
So
there
was
a c
ompeti
tion
. A
ll so
rts
of d
esi
gns
wer
e su
bmitte
d. In t
he e
nd,
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
_ h
ad t
he b
est
idea. H
is
brid
ge in
clude
d _
__
__
__
__
__
__
_ w
hich
could
be r
ais
ed t
o le
t sh
ips
thro
ugh
and
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
so
that
pedest
rians
could
walk
acr
oss
the
brid
ge w
hile
the b
asc
ule
s w
ere
open.
Tow
er
Bri
dge
is
a m
arv
el of
Vic
tori
an
engi
neeri
ng.
Mass
ive _
__
__
__
__
_
__
__
__
__
__
_ g
ener
ated
ener
gy to
rais
e
the b
asc
ule
s. V
isit
the E
ngi
ne R
oom
s
to s
ee h
ow t
hey
wor
ked.
Prin
ted
from
“Tow
er B
ridge
Exh
ibiti
on: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es K
it,”
a FR
EE Te
ache
rs R
esou
rce
desig
ned
by G
uy F
ox L
imite
d. G
uy F
ox L
imite
d is
part
of G
uy F
ox H
istor
y Pr
ojec
t, an
edu
catio
nal c
harit
yw
hich
cre
ates
inno
vativ
e pu
blic
atio
ns fo
r ch
ildre
n. T
o le
arn
abou
t our
wor
k, vi
sit w
ww
.guy
fox.
org.
uk.
Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
right
s re
serv
ed.
Dup
licat
ion
is pe
rmitt
ed fo
r ed
ucat
iona
l use
onl
y.
My
Vis
it t
o T
ow
er B
ridg
e E
xhib
itio
n(H
int: Y
ou
ll f
ind
the
answ
ers
in t
he
Hig
h L
evel
Wal
kway
s.)
To
we
rH
igh
Le
vel
Wal
kw
ays
Bas
cule
Pie
r
Ch
ainA
bu
tme
nt
To
we
r
Ro
adw
ay
Mo
de
rn O
pe
rato
rC
abin
(B
eh
ind
Pie
r)
the S
usp
ensi
on C
hain
s
the A
butm
ent
Tow
ers
the O
pera
tor
Cabi
n
VIS
IT C
HEC
KLIS
T:
Ext
erio
r of th
e B
ridg
e:
the P
iers
the T
owers
the B
asc
ule
s
From
the
Hig
h L
evel
Wal
kway
s:
HM
S B
elf
ast
Cit
y H
all
The M
onum
ent
The G
herk
in
Tow
er
of L
ondon
Lon
don
Eye
In t
he
Engi
ne
Room
s:
the B
oile
r
the C
oal Sto
re
the S
team
Engi
nes
the A
ccum
ula
tors
Canary
Wharf
St.
Kath
ari
ne D
ocks
St.
Pauls
Cath
edra
l
Old
Bill
ings
gate
Mar
ket
Lon
don
Bri
dge
Bri
dge
Lif
t V
ideo
the M
otor
cycl
e w
hic
h
jum
ped a
cros
s To
wer
Bri
dge
in J
uly
2009!
To
wer
Bri
dge
Ex
hib
itio
n is
pro
vid
ed b
y th
e C
ity
of
Lo
nd
on
Co
rpo
rati
on
as
par
t o
f it
s co
ntr
ibu
tio
n t
o t
he
cult
ura
l lif
e o
f L
on
do
n a
nd
th
e N
atio
n.
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
My
Vis
it t
o T
ow
er B
ridg
e E
xhib
itio
nPU
PIL
s W
OR
KSH
EE
T -
Pag
e 2 o
f 2
Copy
righ
t ©
201
0, G
uy F
ox L
imit
ed. A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d. G
uy F
ox L
imit
ed is
par
t of
Guy
Fox
His
tory
Pro
ject
, an
educ
atio
nal
char
ity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
pub
licat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
.
DURING
5
Mak
e a
Dia
gra
m o
f Yo
ur
Vis
it:
Ste
p 1
:La
bel all
the p
art
s of
Tow
er
Bri
dge
on t
he d
iagr
am
abo
ve.
Ste
p 2
:C
olou
r in
RE
D t
he p
art
s of
Tow
er
Bri
dge
Exh
ibit
ion w
hic
h a
re
open f
or v
isit
ors.
Ste
p 3
:M
ake
sure
you
vis
it A
LL t
he p
art
s of
Tow
er
Bri
dge
Exh
ibit
ion!
In t
he
Engi
ne
Room
s:Ea
ch o
f the
se m
achi
nes
wer
e us
ed t
o cr
eate
ene
rgy
to li
ft t
he b
ascu
les
of T
ower
Bri
dge.
Ste
p 1
:Fi
nd e
ach
one in t
he E
ngi
ne R
oom
s.Ste
p 2
:W
rite
its
nam
e o
n t
he labe
l next
to
the d
raw
ing.
Ste
p 3
:D
esc
ribe
what
it d
id t
o help
lif
t th
e b
asc
ule
s.
What
is
it c
alle
d?
_______________________
What
did
it
do?
_______________________
What
is
it c
alle
d?
_______________________
What
did
it
do?
_______________________
What
is
it c
alle
d?
_______________________
What
did
it
do?
_______________________
What
is
it c
alle
d?
__________________
What
did
it
do?
__________________
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
AC
TIV
ITY 1
A: TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
FA
CTS &
FIG
UR
ES
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To re
flect
on
your
visi
t to
Tow
er B
ridge
Exh
ibiti
on•
To c
onsid
er k
ey fa
cts
abou
t Tow
er B
ridge
inclu
ding
its
dim
ensio
ns a
nd s
cale
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• ‘M
y Visi
t to
Tow
er B
ridge
Exh
ibiti
on’ W
orks
heet
• To
wer
Brid
ge F
acts
She
et (
Item
#7
in t
his
Kit)
• Ph
otog
raph
s fro
m y
our
visit
Inst
ruct
ions:
Split
you
r pu
pils
into
sm
all g
roup
s of
4 o
r 5.
Ask
you
r pu
pils
to
revi
ew t
he ‘M
y V
isit
to T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n’W
orks
heet
tha
t th
ey c
ompl
eted
dur
ing
thei
r vi
sit.
Dis
cuss
your
expe
rien
ce a
t Tow
er B
ridg
e E
xhib
itio
n:
• W
hat
do y
ou r
emem
ber?
• W
hat
did
you
wri
te d
own
abou
t th
e ex
peri
ence
?
• W
hich
mar
ketin
g m
ater
ials
(e.
g. p
amph
lets
) di
d yo
u pi
ck u
p du
ring
you
r vi
sit?
• W
hat
did
you
notic
e in
the
nei
ghbo
urho
od n
ear
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion?
• W
hat
did
you
draw
?
Que
stio
n:H
ow m
any
of t
he s
peci
al fe
atur
es o
f Tow
er B
ridg
e ca
n yo
u na
me?
Answ
ers:
Basc
ules
, Pie
rs, C
hain
s, H
igh
Leve
l Wal
kway
s, To
wer
s, Ro
ad, S
team
Eng
ine
Room
s.
Que
stio
n: W
hat
is t
he p
urpo
se o
f eac
h fe
atur
e:
The
Bas
cule
s?An
swer
: The
Bas
cule
s ar
e ra
ised
to le
t shi
ps p
ass
thro
ugh
Tow
er B
ridge
.
The
Pie
rs?
Answ
er: T
he P
iers
pro
vide
supp
ort t
o th
e br
idge
; the
y ar
e em
bedd
ed d
eep
in th
e riv
erbe
d.
The
Cha
ins?
Answ
er: T
he C
hain
s pr
ovid
e su
ppor
t to
the
Tow
ers
and
Hig
h Le
vel W
alkw
ays;
with
out t
hem
the
tow
ers
wou
ld c
olla
pse
unde
r th
e w
eigh
t of t
he H
igh
Leve
l Wal
kway
s.
The
Hig
h Le
vel W
alkw
ays?
Answ
er: T
he H
igh
Leve
l Wal
kway
s al
low
ed p
eopl
e to
cro
ss th
e Ri
ver
Tham
es o
n fo
ot, e
ven
whe
n th
eBa
scul
es w
ere
raise
d.
The
Tow
ers?
Answ
er: T
he T
ower
s en
close
the
stai
rs (a
nd li
fts) w
hich
peo
ple
asce
nd to
cro
ss th
e riv
er v
ia th
e H
igh
Leve
l Wal
kway
s.
The
Roa
d?An
swer
: The
Roa
d al
low
s ve
hicle
traf
fic to
cro
ss T
ower
Brid
ge.
The
Eng
ine
Roo
ms?
Answ
er: T
he E
ngin
e Ro
oms
hous
ed th
e st
eam
eng
ines
whi
ch p
rovid
ed th
e po
wer
to li
ft th
e Ba
scul
es.
con
tin
ues
...
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Engl
ish:
En
1.3,
En
1.9c
, En
1.10
cD
esig
n an
d T
echn
olog
y: 4
a, 4
c, 4
dG
eogr
aphy
: 1a,
3a,
3d,
3e,
6a,
6d,
7c
His
tory
: 2c,
2d,
4b,
5a,
6, 7
, 8b,
11a
Scie
nce:
Sc1
.2b,
Sc4
.2e
6.1
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
Thin
k ab
out
your
visi
t to
the
Hig
h L
evel
Wal
kway
s:
• H
ow d
id y
ou fe
el w
hen
you
look
ed o
ut fr
om t
he H
igh
Leve
l Wal
kway
s?
• W
hich
wor
ds w
ould
you
use
to
desc
ribe
the
exp
erie
nce
of lo
okin
g ou
t ov
er L
ondo
n?
• W
hat
was
the
mos
t ex
citin
g th
ing
you
saw
from
the
Hig
h Le
vel W
alkw
ays?
• W
hat
else
did
you
see
from
the
Hig
h Le
vel W
alkw
ays?
• D
oes
Lond
on lo
ok d
iffer
ent
from
the
re?
How
?
• C
an y
ou s
ee t
hing
s fr
om t
he H
igh
Leve
l Wal
kway
s th
at y
ou n
orm
ally
can
’t se
e?
• W
hich
bui
ldin
gs (
that
you
saw
from
the
Hig
h Le
vel W
alkw
ays)
do
you
thin
k w
ere
ther
e w
hen
Tow
erBr
idge
was
fini
shed
in 1
894?
• W
hich
bui
ldin
gs (
that
you
saw
from
the
Hig
h Le
vel W
alkw
ays)
hav
e be
en b
uilt
sinc
e th
en?
Why
do
you
thin
k so
?
• W
hat
diffe
renc
es d
id y
ou n
otic
e in
the
des
ign
betw
een
the
old
and
new
er b
uild
ings
?Co
nsid
er b
uild
ing
mat
eria
ls, s
tyle
, fea
ture
s, an
d ar
chite
ctur
e.
Thin
k ab
out
your
visi
t to
the
Engi
ne
Room
s:
Que
stio
n:W
hat
did
you
see
in t
he E
ngin
e R
oom
s?An
swer
s: Co
al s
tore
, boi
lers
, ste
am e
ngin
es, a
ccum
ulat
ors,
video
sho
win
g To
wer
Brid
ge li
fting
, int
erac
tive
disp
lays
abo
ut w
ind
resis
tanc
e, R
obbi
e M
addi
son’
s m
otor
cycle
, and
Tow
er B
ridge
gift
sho
p.
Que
stio
n:W
hich
mac
hine
ry w
as u
sed
to r
aise
the
bas
cule
s fr
om 1
894
to 1
972?
Answ
er: C
oal b
oile
r, st
eam
eng
ine,
acc
umul
ator
s, hy
drau
lics
and
basc
ule
engi
nes.
Que
stio
n:H
ow a
re t
he b
ascu
les
rais
ed n
ow?
Answ
er: B
y el
ectr
icity
.
Que
stio
n:W
hat
did
each
of t
hese
thi
ngs
do t
o ra
ise
the
basc
ules
:
Coa
l? An
swer
: It w
as u
sed
as fu
el to
hea
t the
wat
er in
the
boile
r.
Boile
r? A
nsw
er: I
t pro
duce
d st
eam
to p
ower
the
stea
m e
ngin
e.
Stea
m E
ngin
e? A
nsw
er: I
t cre
ated
ene
rgy.
Acc
umul
ator
? An
swer
: It s
tore
d th
e en
ergy
unt
il it
was
nee
ded
to o
pera
te th
e hy
drau
lics.
Hyd
raul
ics?
Ans
wer
: The
y ca
rrie
d th
e en
ergy
from
the
accu
mul
ator
to th
e ba
scul
e en
gine
.
Basc
ule
engi
ne?
Answ
er: I
t tur
ned
the
gear
s to
lift
the
basc
ules
.
AC
TIV
ITY 1
A: C
ontinued
6.2
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
AC
TIV
ITY 1
B: TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
& M
E!
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To e
xplo
re th
e di
men
sions
of T
ower
Brid
ge a
nd d
evel
op a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of s
cale
• To
rela
te th
e sc
ale
of T
ower
Brid
ge to
eve
ryda
y ob
ject
s R
eq
uir
ed
Re
sou
rce
s:•
Tow
er B
ridge
Fac
ts S
heet
(Ite
m #
7 in
thi
s Ki
t)•
Met
ric r
uler
, tap
e m
easu
re a
nd g
raph
pap
er A
sk y
our
pupi
ls t
o r
esea
rch, m
easu
re a
nd
com
pare
:•
HEI
GH
T o
f the
Pie
rs t
o yo
ur h
eigh
t (E
ach
pier
is 6
0 m
etre
s hi
gh).
• H
EIG
HT
of t
he T
ower
s to
you
r he
ight
(Ea
ch t
ower
is 6
5 m
etre
s hi
gh).
• LE
NG
TH
of t
he w
alkw
ays
to t
he le
ngth
of y
our
clas
sroo
m. (
Wal
kway
s= 6
1 m
etre
s lo
ng).
• D
IST
AN
CE
of t
he b
ridg
e sp
an t
o th
e di
stan
ce fr
om y
our
clas
sroo
m t
o th
e pl
aygr
ound
.
(Bri
dge
span
is 2
25 m
etre
s lo
ng).
• W
EIG
HT
of t
he b
ascu
les
to y
our
wei
ght
(Eac
h ba
scul
e w
eigh
s 1
mill
ion
kilo
gram
mes
).
Ask
you
r pu
pils
to
figu
re o
ut th
e fo
llow
ing
Tow
er B
ridg
e M
aths
Puzz
les
:
• T
here
are
2 m
illio
n ri
vets
in T
ower
Bri
dge.
(A
riv
et is
a m
etal
bol
t, w
hich
hol
ds t
wo
piec
es o
f met
al t
oget
her.
) If
each
riv
et is
3 c
entim
etre
s in
dia
met
er, h
ow fa
r in
kilo
met
res
wou
ld t
he r
ivet
s st
retc
h if
they
wer
e la
id s
ide
by s
ide?
• 40
,000
veh
icle
s cr
oss
Tow
er B
ridg
e ev
ery
day.
How
man
y ve
hicl
es c
ross
in a
yea
r?
• T
here
are
31,
000,
000
(31
mill
ion)
bri
cks
in t
he b
ridg
e. If
eac
h br
ick
has
the
dim
ensi
ons
of 8
cen
timet
res
(hei
ght)
by
20 c
entim
etre
s (le
ngth
) by
12
cent
imet
res
(dep
th)
can
you
figur
e ou
t th
e fo
llow
ing:
- H
ow h
igh
wou
ld a
sta
ck o
f all
the
bric
ks b
e?- H
ow m
any
bric
ks w
ould
you
nee
d to
bui
ld a
wal
l 2 m
etre
s (le
ngth
) by
2 m
etre
s (h
eigh
t)?
D.I.Y
. M
aths
Puzz
les
Ask
pup
ils t
o re
view
the
Tow
er B
ridg
e Fa
cts
Shee
t an
d cr
eate
a q
uest
ion
like
the
ones
abo
ve, w
hich
will
tes
tth
eir
frie
nds’
mat
hs s
kills
. E
xten
sion A
ctiv
ity
Ask
you
r pu
pils
to
illus
trat
e th
e co
mpa
riso
ns a
nd t
he m
aths
puz
zles
.
6.3
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Mat
hem
atic
s: M
a2.1
b, c
, i, j
, Ma2
.3h,
I, k,
Ma2
.4a+
b, M
a3.4
a, M
a3.4
bM
a4.1
c, d
, e, g
, h, M
a4.2
aBr
eadt
h of
Stu
dy: 1
d, 1
e, 1
f, 1g
, 1h
Scie
nce:
Sc1
.2i,
Sc1.
2j
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
AC
TIV
ITY 2
A: W
HY D
ID T
HE
Y B
UIL
DTO
WE
R B
RID
GE
?O
bje
ctiv
es:
• To
und
erst
and
the
expa
nsio
n of
Vict
oria
n Lo
ndon
• To
und
erst
and
chan
ges
in V
ictor
ian
trans
port
and
socie
ty•
To re
sear
ch a
nd d
ebat
e iss
ues,
prob
lem
s an
d ev
ents
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• V
icto
rian
Map
of L
ondo
n (It
em #
14 in
thi
s Ki
t)•
Brid
ges
of t
he W
orld
(Ite
m #
10 in
thi
s Ki
t) R
ead
this
to y
our
pupi
ls:
L
ON
DO
N I
N T
HE
IN
DU
ST
RIA
L R
EV
OL
UT
ION
In t
he 1
9th
cent
ury,
the
Indu
stri
al R
evol
utio
n ch
ange
d th
e w
ork
patt
erns
and
the
live
s of
peo
ple
inBr
itain
. Peo
ple
left
thei
r w
ork
as fa
rmer
s fo
r th
e ci
ties,
whe
re th
ey c
ould
find
em
ploy
men
t in
fact
orie
s.
In L
ondo
n, m
any
peop
le li
ved
sout
h of
the
Riv
er T
ham
es, w
here
hou
sing
was
che
aper
; the
ir jo
bs,
how
ever
, wer
e m
ostly
loca
ted
on t
he n
orth
sid
e of
the
Riv
er T
ham
es.
To
get a
cros
s th
e R
iver
Tha
mes
, wor
kers
took
a fe
rry
or w
alke
d ov
er L
ondo
n Br
idge
. Mos
t of t
he o
ther
brid
ges
wer
e w
est o
f Lon
don
Brid
ge, a
nd m
any
of th
em r
equi
red
a to
ll to
cro
ss. L
ondo
n Br
idge
was
free
to c
ross
, plu
s it
was
the
mos
t dire
ct r
oute
into
the
City
of L
ondo
n, s
o it
was
the
mos
t con
gest
ed o
ne.
Up
to 1
00,0
00 p
eopl
e w
alke
d ac
ross
Lon
don
Brid
ge e
very
day
– a
ped
estr
ian
traf
fic ja
m!
The
re w
as n
o do
ubt
that
a n
ew r
iver
cro
ssin
g w
as n
eede
d, b
ut n
obod
y co
uld
deci
de w
here
to
build
it, w
ho s
houl
d bu
ild it
, and
wha
t its
des
ign
shou
ld b
e. M
any
publ
ic a
genc
ies
wer
e in
volv
ed in
the
deba
te.
Lond
on h
ad n
o ci
ty-w
ide
gove
rnm
ent.
The
Cor
pora
tion
of L
ondo
n (t
he o
ldes
t m
unic
ipal
bod
y in
the
city
), th
e M
etro
polit
an B
oard
of W
orks
(th
e ci
ty’s
pub
lic w
orks
age
ncy)
and
Par
liam
ent
(the
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
’s n
atio
nal e
lect
ed b
ody)
eac
h ha
d its
ow
n op
inio
n, a
nd t
his
mad
e de
cisi
on-m
akin
gve
ry d
iffic
ult.
The
Cor
pora
tion
of L
ondo
n st
udie
d w
here
peo
ple
lived
, whe
re p
eopl
e w
orke
d, a
nd h
ow fa
r pe
ople
had
to w
alk
to w
ork;
bas
ed o
n th
eir
findi
ngs,
the
y ch
ose
a si
te c
lose
to
the
Tow
er o
f Lon
don
for
the
new
riv
er c
ross
ing.
So it
was
res
olve
d th
at L
ondo
n w
ould
hav
e a
new
riv
er c
ross
ing
east
of L
ondo
n Br
idge
, but
with
that
dec
isio
n ca
me
even
mor
e qu
estio
ns a
nd d
ebat
e: W
hat
wou
ld it
look
like
? W
ould
it b
e a
brid
ge?
Or
a tu
nnel
? O
r a
stea
m fe
rry?
Or
som
e ot
her
type
of r
iver
cro
ssin
g?
The
Riv
er T
ham
es w
as a
vita
l tra
nspo
rt li
nk fo
r sh
ips
brin
ging
goo
ds in
to L
ondo
n. T
he P
ool o
f Lon
don
(the
str
etch
of r
iver
bet
wee
n T
ower
Hill
and
Lon
don
Brid
ge)
had
dock
s fo
r ca
rgo
ship
s ca
rryi
nggr
ain,
woo
l, co
tton
, ivo
ry, s
ilver
, tea
and
oth
er g
oods
from
all
over
the
wor
ld. B
arge
s tr
ansp
orte
dco
al in
the
win
ter.
Sm
all b
oats
car
ried
pas
seng
ers
and
light
goo
ds. T
he T
ham
es w
as a
ver
y he
ctic
rive
r!
Whe
ther
it w
as a
bri
dge,
a t
unne
l or
som
ethi
ng e
ntir
ely
diffe
rent
, the
riv
er c
ross
ing
need
ed t
o al
low
rive
r tr
affic
to
cont
inue
. If i
t w
ere
a br
idge
, it
mus
t be
des
igne
d to
per
mit
the
ship
s to
pas
s un
der
it, o
r el
se t
he d
ocks
in t
he P
ool o
f Lon
don
wou
ld b
e fo
rced
to
clos
e. H
owev
er, i
f a b
ridg
e w
ere
tall
enou
gh t
o al
low
shi
ps t
o pa
ss u
nder
it, p
edes
tria
ns a
nd h
orse
-dra
wn
vehi
cles
mig
ht n
ot b
e ab
le t
ocl
imb
the
stee
p st
ruct
ure.
6.4
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Citi
zens
hip:
1a,
2a,
2e,
2f,
4b,
Engl
ish:
En.
1 a-
f, En
1.2
a-e,
En1.
3 a-
f, En
1.8b
+c,
En1
.9c,
En1.
10c
Geo
grap
hy: 1
d, 3
d, 3
eH
isto
ry: 2
b, 4
b, 6
, 7,8
a, 8
b, 1
1a
con
tin
ues
...
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
Man
y di
ffere
nt s
olut
ions
wer
e co
nsid
ered
: bri
dges
, tun
nels
, riv
er-g
oing
ves
sels
, and
alte
rnat
e cr
ossi
ngs.
Diff
eren
t de
sign
ers
subm
itted
the
ir id
eas.
In 1
884,
a s
elec
t co
mm
ittee
of t
he H
ouse
of C
omm
ons
met
to c
onsi
der
the
brid
ge d
esig
n. M
any
diffe
rent
idea
s w
ere
pres
ente
d to
the
com
mitt
ee.
Show
you
r pu
pils
the
imag
es o
f th
e di
ffer
ent id
eas
for
the
rive
r cr
ossi
ng.
Consi
der
Vic
tori
an L
ondo
ner
s. A
sk y
our
pupi
ls t
o:
• T
hink
abo
ut p
eopl
e w
ho w
orke
d or
live
d ne
ar T
ower
Hill
bef
ore
Tow
er B
ridg
e w
as b
uilt.
• W
hat
kind
of w
ork
(jobs
) do
you
thi
nk t
hese
peo
ple
may
hav
e do
ne?
• Ex
amin
e th
e st
reet
map
of V
icto
rian
Lon
don
and
iden
tify
plac
es o
f wor
k.
• C
onsi
der
diffe
rent
rou
tes
peop
le u
sed
to g
et t
o an
d fr
om w
ork.
• Pr
eten
d yo
u liv
e in
Vic
tori
an L
ondo
n, o
n th
e so
uth
side
of t
he T
ham
es, a
nd y
ou w
ork
onth
e no
rth
side
of t
he T
ham
es.
• W
ho in
the
cla
ss w
ould
be
IN F
AV
OU
R o
f bui
ldin
g a
rive
r cr
ossi
ng a
t T
ower
Hill
? W
hy?
• W
ho in
the
cla
ss w
ould
be
AG
AIN
ST b
uild
ing
a ri
ver
cros
sing
at
Tow
er H
ill?
Why
?
• Fo
r th
ose
pupi
ls w
ho a
re IN
FA
VO
UR
of b
uild
ing
a ne
w r
iver
cro
ssin
g, d
iscu
ss w
hich
sor
t of
rive
r cr
ossi
ng t
hey
wou
ld p
refe
r (B
ridg
e? T
unne
l? St
eam
ferr
y? O
ther
idea
s?)
• M
ake
a ca
se in
fron
t of
the
cla
ss fo
r yo
ur p
ropo
sed
rive
r cr
ossi
ng, o
r if
you
are
AG
AIN
ST t
he r
iver
cros
sing
, mak
e a
case
for
an a
ltern
ativ
e so
lutio
n.
Deb
ate
the
Issu
e!
Dis
cuss
wit
h y
ou
r p
up
ils:
Why
doe
s a
big
build
ing
proj
ect
requ
ire
deba
te a
nd d
iscu
ssio
n?En
cour
age
your
cla
ss t
o co
nsid
er t
he r
ange
of i
nter
ests
, eco
nom
ic a
nd p
erso
nal,
of v
ario
us in
divi
dual
s an
d gr
oups
and
the
feel
ings
att
ache
d to
the
se in
tere
sts.
Que
stio
n: W
hy d
o pe
ople
hav
e st
rong
feel
ings
abo
ut t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of n
ew b
uild
ings
?
Que
stio
n: W
hat
are
the
diffe
rent
way
s pe
ople
try
to
mak
e th
eir
view
s or
dis
agre
emen
ts p
ublic
?An
swer
: Disc
uss
the
vario
us w
ays
(inclu
ding
wor
d of
mou
th, m
edia
, et a
l) th
at p
eopl
e ca
n us
e to
mak
eth
eir
view
s kn
own
and
to d
ebat
e w
ith o
ther
peo
ple
(bot
h no
w a
nd in
Vict
oria
n tim
es).
Que
stio
n: W
hat
is a
deb
ate?
Answ
er: D
iscus
s th
e id
ea o
f a d
ebat
e as
a s
tagi
ng o
f at l
east
two
argu
men
ts, w
ith r
ules
and
with
the
aim
of p
ersu
adin
g ot
hers
to s
hare
you
r po
int o
f vie
w a
nd w
ith a
cha
irper
son
as ‘r
efer
ee’.
con
tin
ues
...
6.5
AC
TIV
ITY 2
A: C
ontinued
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
1)
Imag
ine t
hat
th
ey
are m
em
bers
of
the c
om
mit
tee d
eb
atin
g th
e d
eve
lop
men
to
f th
e b
rid
ge.
2)
De
cid
e o
n t
he
ru
les
for
the
de
bat
e.
3)
Dec
ide
wh
o is
go
ing
to s
erve
as
chai
rper
son
of
the
com
mit
tee.
Th
e ch
airp
erso
nis
re
spo
nsi
ble
fo
r m
akin
g su
re e
very
on
e f
oll
ow
s th
e r
ule
s.
4)
De
cid
e w
hic
h p
up
ils
wil
l d
eb
ate
‘fo
r’ t
he
bri
dge
an
d w
hic
h p
up
ils
wil
l d
eb
ate
‘aga
inst
’ th
e b
rid
ge.
5)
Sta
ge a
de
bat
e!
AC
TIV
ITY 2
B: C
RO
SSIN
G T
HE
RIV
ER
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To c
ompa
re a
nd c
ontra
st th
e ne
ighb
ourh
ood
arou
nd T
ower
Brid
ge in
185
0 an
d no
w•
To c
onsid
er w
hat h
as c
hang
ed in
Lon
don
neig
hbou
rhoo
ds a
nd w
hy th
ese
chan
ges
have
occ
urre
d R
eq
uir
ed
Re
sou
rce
s:•
Vic
toria
n M
ap o
f Lon
don
(Item
#14
in t
his
Kit)
• C
onte
mpo
rary
Lon
don
Map
(no
t in
clud
ed in
thi
s Ki
t) Looki
ng
at t
he
Vic
tori
an L
ondo
n M
ap, D
iscu
ss a
s a
Cla
ss:
Que
stio
n: W
hich
geo
grap
hica
l fea
ture
s ca
n yo
u id
entif
y on
the
Map
of V
icto
rian
Lon
don?
Enco
urag
e pu
pils
to fi
nd ri
vers
, bod
ies
of w
ater
, tra
nspo
rt li
nks
inclu
ding
road
s an
d tr
ain
stat
ions
, roa
dna
mes
, nei
ghbo
urho
od n
ames
, lan
dmar
ks, e
t cet
era.
Ref
er t
o t
he
Conte
mpo
rary
Londo
n M
ap:
Que
stio
n: W
hich
geo
grap
hica
l fea
ture
s ca
n yo
u id
entif
y on
a C
onte
mpo
rary
Lon
don
Map
?En
cour
age
pupi
ls to
find
rive
rs, b
odie
s of
wat
er, t
rans
port
link
s in
cludi
ng ro
ads
and
trai
n st
atio
ns, r
oad
nam
es, n
eigh
bour
hood
nam
es, l
andm
arks
, et c
eter
a.
Geo
grap
hy:
Con
side
r w
hich
geo
grap
hica
l fea
ture
s ar
e di
ffere
nt a
nd w
hich
geo
grap
hica
l fea
ture
s ar
e th
e sa
me.
Que
stio
n: W
hat
are
the
mai
n ch
ange
s th
at h
ave
occu
rred
in t
he n
eigh
bour
hood
s ea
st o
f Tow
er B
ridg
esi
nce
1850
(in
land
use
, roa
ds, r
iver
cro
ssin
gs, e
t ce
tera
)? Tra
nsp
ort
:En
cour
age
the
clas
s to
thi
nk a
bout
mod
ern
form
s of
tra
nspo
rt. M
ake
a lis
t of
var
ious
mod
es o
f tra
nspo
rt w
hich
are
used
in L
ondo
n to
day.
Que
stio
n: H
ow h
as L
ondo
n ch
ange
d th
roug
h de
velo
pmen
ts in
tra
nspo
rt a
nd s
ocie
ty?
Que
stio
n: If
you
wan
t to
cro
ss t
he R
iver
Tha
mes
tod
ay, w
hich
new
rou
tes
are
ther
e th
atdi
d no
t ex
ist
in 1
850?
Que
stio
n: H
ow d
id m
oder
n tr
ansp
ort
chan
ge t
he la
ndsc
apes
and
nei
ghbo
urho
ods
of L
ondo
n?
AC
TIV
ITY 2
A: C
ontinued
6.6
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
1b,
2c,
5a
Citi
zens
hip:
1a,
1e,
2a,
2e,
2j
Geo
grap
hy: 1
a, 2
a, 2
e, 3
a, 3
d, 3
e, 3
g,4a
, 4b,
5a,
6a,
6c,
6d,
6e
His
tory
: 2c,
2d,
4b,
5a,
5b,
5c,
6, 7
, 11a
con
tin
ues
...
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
Soci
ety
/ Popu
lation:
Com
pare
the
pop
ulat
ion
and
soci
ety
of L
ondo
n in
Vic
tori
an t
imes
to
now
. Q
uest
ion:
How
did
Lon
don
chan
ge a
s a
resu
lt of
a la
rge
rise
in p
opul
atio
n?Q
uest
ion:
How
has
Lon
don
chan
ged
in r
elat
ion
to p
opul
atio
n (t
hrou
gh la
nd u
se a
nd b
uild
ing,
for
exam
ple)
? A
sk p
upils
to
sum
up
how
cha
nges
in s
ocie
ty a
nd t
rans
port
hav
e ch
ange
d th
e m
ap o
f Lon
don
and
crea
ted
new
rive
r cr
ossi
ngs.
What
Does
the
Futu
re H
old
?A
sk p
upils
to
brai
nsto
rm a
nd im
agin
e w
hat
Lond
on w
ill b
e lik
e in
the
futu
re:
• W
hat
will
hap
pen
to t
he p
opul
atio
n of
Lon
don
(will
it g
row
or
shri
nk)?
• W
here
will
Lon
done
rs li
ve a
nd w
ork?
• W
hat
sort
of s
ervi
ces
and
faci
litie
s w
ill L
ondo
ners
nee
d?•
Wha
t w
ill L
ondo
ners
do
for
jobs
?•
Wha
t di
ffere
nt m
odes
of t
rans
port
will
the
re b
e?•
How
will
Lon
done
rs o
f the
futu
re c
ross
the
Riv
er T
ham
es?
Onc
e pu
pils
hav
e di
scus
sed
thei
r id
eas,
ask
the
m t
o dr
aw a
map
of L
ondo
n 10
0 ye
ars
from
now
, or
1,00
0 ye
ars
from
now
. The
y ca
n pr
esen
t the
ir id
eas
to th
e cl
ass.
Alte
rnat
ivel
y, a
sk p
upils
to d
raw
an
illus
trat
ion
of a
Lon
done
rof
the
futu
re, o
n th
eir
way
to
wor
k.
AC
TIV
ITY 2
C: B
UIL
DIN
G A
NE
W R
IVE
R C
RO
SSIN
G(for
the
21s
t C
entu
ry)
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To u
nder
stan
d th
e tra
nspo
rtatio
n &
infra
stru
ctur
e ne
eds
of 2
1st c
entu
ry L
ondo
n•
To in
terp
ret m
oder
n pl
ans
for r
iver c
ross
ings
• To
rese
arch
and
deb
ate
issue
s, pr
oble
ms
and
cons
ider
atio
ns re
late
d to
a ne
w ri
ver c
ross
ing
Dis
cuss
as
a C
lass
:T
he
re i
s st
ill
no
bri
dge
acr
oss
th
e R
ive
r T
ham
es
in L
on
do
n e
ast
of
To
we
r B
rid
ge. R
ead
ne
w p
lan
sfo
r ri
ver
cro
ssin
gs i
n E
ast
Lo
nd
on
in
th
e n
ew
spap
er
arti
cle
s o
n t
he
fo
llo
win
g p
age
s.
Hav
e a
clas
s vo
te: w
ho is
‘for
’ the
bri
dges
and
who
is ‘a
gain
st’?
Que
stio
n fo
r th
e “F
ors”
: W
hat
are
your
arg
umen
ts F
OR
con
stru
ctin
g th
ese
brid
ges?
Que
stio
n fo
r th
e “A
gain
sts”
: W
hat
are
your
arg
umen
ts A
GA
INST
con
stru
ctin
g th
ese
brid
ges?
Que
stio
n fo
r ev
eryb
ody:
Whe
re w
ould
you
put
a n
ew b
ridg
e? W
hy?
Deb
ate:
Hav
e a
clas
s de
bate
abo
ut th
e br
idge
dev
elop
men
t. (R
efer
to A
ctiv
ity 2
A fo
r id
eas
abou
t how
to s
tage
the
deba
te.)
Aft
er t
he d
ebat
e, h
ave
anot
her
clas
s vo
te a
nd s
ee if
any
one
has
chan
ged
his
or h
er o
pini
on.
Ext
ensi
on A
ctiv
ity:
The
Eve
ning
Sta
ndar
d A
rtic
le d
escr
ibes
a ‘l
ivin
g br
idge
.’ A
sk p
upils
to
draw
a d
iagr
am o
f a ‘l
ivin
g br
idge
’ and
pres
ent
thei
r id
eas
to t
he c
lass
.Q
uest
ion:
Wha
t w
ould
a ‘l
ivin
g br
idge
’ loo
k lik
e?Q
uest
ion:
Wha
t w
ould
a ‘l
ivin
g br
idge
’ inc
lude
?
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
1b,
2c,
5a
Citi
zens
hip:
1a,
2a,
2e,
2j,
2kEn
glis
h: E
n1.1
a-f,
En1.
2a-e
, En1
.3a-
f,En
1.8b
+c,
En1
.9c,
En1
.10c
Geo
grap
hy: 1
a, 1
d, 2
a, 2
d, 2
g, 3
g, 4
b,5a
, 6a
6.7
AC
TIV
ITY 2
B: C
ontinued
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
NE
WS
AR
TIC
LE
#1
App
licat
ion
for
New
Tha
mes
Bri
dge
BBC
New
s A
rtic
le22
nd Ju
ly 2
004
Tra
nspo
rt fo
r Lo
ndon
(T
fL)
will
han
d in
a p
lann
ing
appl
icat
ion
on T
hurs
day
for
a ne
w c
ross
ing
over
the
Tha
mes
.
The
£38
5m T
ham
es G
atew
ay B
ridg
e w
ill li
nk N
ewha
m a
nd G
reen
wic
h in
eas
t Lo
ndon
. Afte
r a
publ
icco
nsul
tatio
n th
e pl
ans
have
cha
nged
to
incl
ude
prio
rity
for
loca
l tra
ffic,
a 4
0mph
spe
ed li
mit
and
ase
para
te p
ublic
tra
nspo
rt la
ne.
The
app
licat
ion
will
be
subm
itted
to
both
New
ham
and
Gre
enw
ich
coun
cils
, with
a d
ecis
ion
expe
cted
in N
ovem
ber.
If t
he c
ounc
ils a
ppro
ve t
he a
pplic
atio
n, t
hen
the
brid
ge c
ould
be
com
plet
ed in
201
2 -
a ye
ar a
head
of t
he p
roje
cted
ope
ning
.
The
bri
dge
is a
n im
port
ant p
art o
f May
or o
f Lon
don
Ken
Liv
ings
tone
's pl
ans
to r
egen
erat
e th
e T
ham
esG
atew
ay, a
40-
mile
-wid
e ar
ea fr
om e
ast
and
sout
h-ea
st L
ondo
n to
Ken
t an
d Es
sex.
The
re a
re o
nly
thre
e cr
ossi
ngs
for
traf
fic t
o th
e ea
st o
f Tow
er B
ridg
e, w
hile
cen
tral
Lon
don
has
eigh
t br
idge
s an
dth
ere
are
16 t
o th
e w
est
betw
een
Che
lsea
Bri
dge
and
the
M25
.
The
initi
al c
osts
of t
he T
ham
es G
atew
ay B
ridg
e w
ill b
e pu
t up
by
a pr
ivat
e co
mpa
ny. I
t w
ill r
ecou
pth
e fu
nds
thro
ugh
tolls
and
£20
0m o
f gov
ernm
ent
fund
ing
conf
irm
ed in
Cha
ncel
lor
Gor
don
Brow
n's
spen
ding
rev
iew
ear
lier
this
mon
th.
Tha
mes
Gat
eway
Bri
dge
proj
ect
dire
ctor
Mik
e C
lark
e to
ld B
BC N
ews
Onl
ine
that
the
thr
ee y
ear
cons
truc
tion
proj
ect
wou
ld c
reat
e up
to
3,00
0 lo
cal j
obs.
But
he
said
the
effe
ct o
f the
bri
dge
on jo
bsin
the
are
a w
ill b
e "e
ven
grea
ter"
.
"The
lack
of a
cro
ssin
g in
the
are
a ha
s be
en t
o its
det
rim
ent
and
this
bri
dge
will
bri
ng h
uge
bene
fitto
the
Tha
mes
Gat
eway
," he
sai
d.
"We
are
very
pos
itive
tha
t th
e co
unci
ls w
ill g
ive
thei
r ap
prov
al.
"We
know
loca
l res
iden
ts a
re b
ehin
d us
bec
ause
dur
ing
the
publ
ic c
onsu
ltatio
n, 8
5% o
f tho
se t
hat
took
par
t, in
clud
ing
loca
l bus
ines
ses,
bac
ked
the
plan
s."
But
envi
ronm
enta
lists
hav
e cr
itici
sed
the
sche
me
clai
min
g it
will
be
used
by
busi
ness
es t
o tr
ansp
ort
mor
e ro
ad fr
eigh
t, cr
eatin
g m
ore
pollu
tion.
B
RID
GE
PL
AN
ST
he b
ridg
e w
ill li
nk B
eckt
on w
ith T
ham
esm
ead
at G
allio
ns R
each
.
The
cro
ssin
g is
des
igne
d to
hav
e tw
o la
nes
in e
ither
dir
ectio
n fo
r ca
rs a
nd c
omm
erci
al v
ehic
les.
It w
ill a
lso
have
sep
arat
e la
nes,
loca
ted
on t
he w
este
rn s
ide
of t
he b
ridg
e, fo
r pu
blic
tra
nspo
rt,
pede
stri
ans
and
cycl
ists
.
The
pro
pose
d to
ll is
£1
for
loca
l car
use
rs a
nd £
2 fo
r ot
hers
. Exe
mpt
ions
sim
ilar
to t
he C
onge
stio
nC
harg
e w
ill a
pply
.
The
bri
dge
coul
d be
upg
rade
d to
acc
omm
odat
e D
ockl
and
Ligh
t R
ailw
ay o
r tr
ams
in t
he fu
ture
.
con
tin
ues
...
6.8
AC
TIV
ITY 2
C: C
ontinued
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
NE
WS
AR
TIC
LE
#2
£80m
‘Liv
ing
Brid
ge’ P
lann
ed fo
r Tha
mes
Exce
rpt
from
Eve
ning
Sta
ndar
d5t
h M
ay 2
009
Aut
hor
Kat
heri
ne B
arne
y
Plan
s fo
r a
new
bri
dge
acro
ss t
he T
ham
es li
ned
with
sho
ps a
nd h
omes
- s
imila
r to
the
Pon
te V
ecch
ioin
Flo
renc
e -
are
bein
g dr
awn
up b
y Bo
ris
John
son.
The
May
or h
as r
eviv
ed p
ropo
sals
ori
gina
lly p
utfo
rwar
d in
the
Nin
etie
s. T
he o
rigi
nal p
lans
wer
e by
Fre
nch
arch
itect
Ant
oine
Gru
mba
ch, w
ho w
on a
com
petit
ion
by t
he R
oyal
Aca
dem
y to
des
ign
a ha
bita
ble
brid
ge a
nd p
ropo
sed
build
ing
it be
twee
nW
ater
loo
and
Blac
kfri
ars.
How
ever
whe
n La
bour
cam
e in
to p
ower
in 1
997
the
plan
s w
ere
drop
ped,
alth
ough
som
e of
the
det
ails
wer
e ta
ken
into
acc
ount
whe
n th
e M
illen
nium
Bri
dge
was
con
stru
cted
. It
is li
kely
a d
iffer
ent
loca
tion
will
be
soug
ht. M
r Jo
hnso
n ha
s re
gula
rly
spok
en o
f the
nee
d fo
r a
new
cro
ssin
g ea
st o
f Tow
er B
ridg
ean
d ha
s as
ked
advi
sers
to
inve
stig
ate
the
poss
ibili
ty o
f bui
ldin
g be
twee
n G
reen
wic
h an
d Si
lver
tow
nin
the
Roy
al D
ocks
.
Thi
s is
des
pite
scr
appi
ng p
lans
for
a Tha
mes
gat
eway
bri
dge
whi
ch h
e cl
aim
ed w
ere
unfu
nded
and
wou
ld b
y en
viro
nmen
tally
unf
rien
dly.
Mr
John
son
has
said
the
£80
mill
ion
cost
of b
uild
ing
a "li
ving
brid
ge"
coul
d be
foun
d fr
om t
he s
ale
of p
rope
rtie
s on
it.
A s
poke
sman
for
the
May
or s
aid:
"A
s sh
own
in t
he M
ayor
's re
view
of t
he L
ondo
n Pl
an t
his
wee
k, h
eha
s hi
gh a
mbi
tions
to im
prov
e th
e ur
ban
real
m a
nd q
ualit
y of
life
by
crea
ting
a m
ore
icon
ic a
nd b
eaut
iful
capi
tal c
ity w
ith v
isio
nary
arc
hite
ctur
e 20
yea
rs fr
om n
ow.
"His
pol
icy
dire
ctor
is e
xplo
ring
how
a b
ridg
e w
ith a
res
iden
tial a
nd c
omm
erci
al e
lem
ent,
an id
ea t
hat
was
put
forw
ard
in t
he N
inet
ies,
coul
d be
par
t of
tha
t vi
sion
."
The
idea
wou
ld fa
ce t
ough
scr
utin
y fr
om in
tere
sted
par
ties
incl
udin
g th
e G
over
nmen
t, En
glis
h H
erita
gean
d lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s. T
he o
rigi
nal p
lans
wer
e ba
cked
by
busi
ness
lobb
y gr
oup
Lond
on F
irst
but
asp
okes
man
sai
d th
ey h
ad n
ot b
een
cons
ulte
d ov
er t
he d
ustin
g-of
f of t
he o
ld d
esig
n.
A s
poke
sman
sai
d: "
At
the
time
our
posi
tion
was
ver
y m
uch
in fa
vour
and
in t
heor
y th
at h
as n
otch
ange
d. H
owev
er s
ince
the
bui
ldin
g of
the
Mill
enni
um B
ridg
e w
e w
ould
muc
h pr
efer
to
see
one
east
of T
ower
Bri
dge.
"
Mr
Gru
mba
ch's
desi
gns
had
the
brid
ge s
uspe
nded
from
tw
in 3
5-st
orey
tow
ers
on t
he n
orth
sid
e of
the
rive
r, co
ntai
ning
flat
s w
ith v
iew
s ov
er t
he c
ity. I
t w
ould
be
the
first
tim
e Lo
ndon
had
a b
ridg
e w
ithre
side
ntia
l and
com
mer
cial
pro
pert
ies
in 1
78 y
ears
- s
ince
the
bui
ldin
gs o
n Lo
ndon
Bri
dge
wer
e to
rndo
wn.
The
med
ieva
l Lon
don
Brid
ge, c
ompl
eted
in 1
209
in th
e re
ign
of K
ing
John
, con
tain
ed d
ozen
s of
pac
ked-
in h
ouse
s an
d sh
ops
but
as t
he b
ridg
e be
cam
e fu
rthe
r de
velo
ped
cong
estio
n m
eant
cro
ssin
gs c
ould
take
mor
e th
an a
n ho
ur.
Mr
Gru
mba
ch's
plan
s fe
atur
ed li
fts,
stai
rcas
es a
nd e
scal
ator
s to
gai
n ac
cess
to
the
brid
ge, i
nclu
ding
from
wat
er le
vel.
Cal
led
Gar
den
Brid
ge, i
t al
so in
clud
ed p
ropo
sals
for
hedg
e, t
rees
and
gre
enho
uses
,al
ongs
ide
spac
es fo
r liv
e co
ncer
ts a
nd a
"to
piar
y ca
fé".
AC
TIV
ITY 2
C: C
ontinued
6.9
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
AC
TIV
ITY 3
A: H
OW
DID
TH
EY B
UIL
DTO
WE
R B
RID
GE
?O
bje
ctiv
es:
• To
iden
tify
and
cons
ider
diff
eren
t pha
ses
of b
ridge
con
stru
ctio
n•
To c
onsid
er c
halle
nges
that
brid
ge-b
uild
ers
mus
t add
ress
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
•Se
quen
ce o
f im
ages
of T
ower
Brid
ge u
nder
con
stru
ctio
n (It
em #
16 in
thi
s Ki
t)•
Tow
er B
ridge
Fac
ts &
Fig
ures
(Ite
m #
7 in
thi
s Ki
t)•
Art
mat
eria
ls
As
a C
lass
:M
ake
a lis
t of
all
the
key
mom
ents
in t
he e
ight
-yea
r co
nstr
uctio
n of
Tow
er B
ridg
e, in
clud
ing:
187
6 t
o 1
88
3...
......
......
......
...A
Spe
cial
Com
mitt
ee o
f the
Bri
dge
Hou
se C
omm
ittee
stu
dies
the
need
for
a ne
w r
iver
cro
ssin
g ea
st o
f Lon
don
Brid
ge
188
3 .
......
......
......
......
......
......
....B
ridg
e H
ouse
Com
mitt
ee d
ecid
es t
o bu
ild a
bri
dge
1884
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
.Sel
ect
Com
mitt
ee o
f the
Hou
se o
f Com
mon
s m
eets
to
deci
deon
bri
dge
desi
gn
14th
Au
g 1
88
5 .
......
......
......
Parl
iam
ent
give
s R
oyal
Ass
ent
to b
uild
Tow
er B
ridg
e
Au
g 1
88
5 t
o A
pr
18
86
...H
orac
e Jo
nes
(Arc
hite
ct)
and
John
Wol
fe-B
arry
(En
gine
er)
mak
e pl
ans
for
cons
truc
tion
logi
stic
s
22n
d A
pr
18
86
......
......
......
..Con
stru
ctio
n be
gins
21st
Ju
ne
18
86
......
......
......
..HR
H t
he P
rinc
e of
Wal
es la
ys t
he m
emor
ial s
tone
July
18
86
......
......
......
......
......
...H
orac
e Jo
nes
rece
ives
a k
nigh
thoo
d
30th
Ju
ne
18
94
......
......
......
.Bri
dge
open
s to
the
pub
lic
What
hap
pened
bet
wee
n 2
2nd
Apr
il 1
886 a
nd
30th
June
1894?
Rea
d th
e fo
llow
ing
with
you
r pu
pils
and
the
n di
scus
s th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
Tow
er B
ridg
e w
ith y
our
pupi
ls.
HO
W d
id t
hey
build
Tow
er B
ridg
e?P
has
e 1
- P
RE
PA
RE
A P
LA
N:
Joh
n W
olf
e-B
arry
(th
e en
gine
er)
and
Ho
race
Jo
ne
s (t
he a
rchi
tect
) pl
anne
d th
e co
nstr
uctio
n.T
hey
thou
ght
thro
ugh
ever
y as
pect
of t
he c
onst
ruct
ion:
how
the
mat
eria
ls w
ould
be
brou
ght
up t
heR
iver
Tha
mes
, whi
ch w
orke
rs w
ould
be
need
ed a
nd w
hen,
and
how
to
allo
w t
raffi
c on
the
riv
er t
oco
ntin
ue t
hrou
ghou
t th
e co
nstr
uctio
n (w
hich
wou
ld t
ake
8 ye
ars)
.
Due
to
spac
e lim
itatio
ns, t
hey
coul
d no
t st
ore
mat
eria
ls o
r eq
uipm
ent
at t
he c
onst
ruct
ion
site
. So
they
had
to
figur
e ou
t ho
w t
o tr
ansp
ort
the
mat
eria
ls u
p th
e ri
ver
at t
he c
orre
ct t
ime.
Ph
ase
2-
MA
KE
SP
AC
E F
OR
RIV
ER
TR
AF
FIC
:A
shi
ppin
g ch
anne
l was
def
ined
in t
he R
iver
Tha
mes
und
er t
he c
onst
ruct
ion
site
. It
was
49
met
res
wid
e, a
nd it
allo
wed
tra
ffic
on t
he r
iver
to
cont
inue
.
Ph
ase
3 -
CO
NS
TR
UC
T T
WO
PIE
RS
:T
hey
cons
truc
ted
each
pie
r, on
e af
ter
the
othe
r. The
y co
uld
not
build
the
pie
rs a
t th
e sa
me
time
asth
at w
ould
hav
e bl
ocke
d sh
ippi
ng t
raffi
c on
the
riv
er.
6.10
con
tin
ues
...
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
1b,
2c,
4c,
5a
Des
ign
and
Tec
hnol
ogy:
4a,
4b
Engl
ish:
En3
.9b
His
tory
: 1a,
1b,
5c,
6, 1
1a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
To b
uild
eac
h pi
er th
ey s
tart
ed d
eep
unde
r w
ater
, on
the
rive
rbed
. Fir
st, t
he d
iver
s m
ade
the
rive
rbed
leve
l and
the
n *c
aiss
on
s w
ere
low
ered
dow
n fr
om t
he s
urfa
ce u
ntil
they
pre
ssed
into
the
soi
l. A
sea
ch c
aiss
on w
as lo
wer
ed, r
ive
ters
att
ache
d an
othe
r on
e on
to t
he t
op o
f it,
form
ing
a to
wer
of
cais
sons
tha
t st
retc
hed
from
the
riv
erbe
d to
the
riv
er s
urfa
ce.
(*A
cais
son
is a
n op
en s
teel
box
, with
four
sid
es. A
s it
is pr
esse
d in
to th
e riv
erbe
d, it
s st
eel e
dges
‘dig
’ int
oth
e so
il an
d ar
e em
bedd
ed e
ntire
ly. W
hen
the
botto
m c
aiss
on is
em
bedd
ed in
the
soil,
anot
her
caiss
on is
rivet
ed o
n to
p, a
nd th
at c
aiss
on is
pre
ssed
into
the
river
bed.
)
The
div
ers
wor
ked
insi
de t
he c
aiss
ons
at t
he b
otto
m o
f the
riv
er, e
xcav
atin
g th
e ri
verb
ed g
rave
l and
bury
ing
the
cais
sons
dee
per
and
deep
er u
ntil
they
wer
e de
ep in
to t
he L
ondo
n cl
ay (
7 m
etre
s be
low
the
rive
rbed
). A
s Lo
ndon
cla
y is
wat
er t
ight
, the
co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rke
rs t
hen
pum
ped
out
all t
hew
ater
and
cou
ld w
ork
in d
ry c
ondi
tions
.
The
co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rke
rs t
hen
exte
nded
the
ir e
xcav
atio
n in
to t
he L
ondo
n cl
ay b
enea
th t
heca
isso
ns a
nd p
oure
d co
ncre
te in
to t
he s
pace
to
form
foun
datio
ns fo
r th
e pi
er.
Mas
on
s lin
ed t
he c
avity
with
mas
onry
mad
e of
bri
ck, g
rani
te a
nd c
oncr
ete,
leav
ing
room
for
the
stee
l pill
ars.
Ph
ase
4 -
MA
KE
TH
E S
TE
EL
SK
EL
ET
ON
:T
he s
teel
for T
ower
Bri
dge
was
man
ufac
ture
d in
Sco
tland
at A
rrol
’s D
alm
arno
ck Ir
on W
orks
; it
was
ship
ped
to L
ondo
n an
d br
ough
t up
the
Tha
mes
Riv
er o
n ba
rges
.
The
ste
el
wo
rke
rs in
Sco
tland
mad
e ea
ch s
egm
ent
of s
teel
acc
ordi
ng t
o Jo
hn
Wo
lfe
-Bar
ry’s
plan
, and
the
y te
sted
all
the
segm
ents
to
mak
e su
re t
hey
fit t
oget
her
befo
re t
hey
sent
the
m t
o Lo
ndon
.
Whe
n th
e st
eel s
egm
ents
arr
ived
at
the
cons
truc
tion
site
, cra
ne
op
era
tors
mov
ed t
hem
into
plac
e. R
ive
ters
riv
eted
the
m t
oget
her
to m
ake
stee
l pill
ars,
whi
ch g
rew
out
of e
ach
pier
. The
y bu
iltfo
ur p
illar
s in
eac
h pi
er a
nd s
et t
hem
into
gra
nite
sla
bs a
t th
e fo
unda
tion.
Ph
ase
5 -
BU
ILD
TH
E H
IGH
LE
VE
L W
AL
KW
AY
S:
Co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rke
rs b
uilt
woo
den
scaf
fold
s to
hol
d th
e ho
rizo
ntal
seg
men
ts in
pla
ce. B
arge
op
era
tors
bro
ught
the
ste
el s
egm
ents
up
the
rive
r, an
d th
en c
ran
e o
pe
rato
rs m
oved
the
segm
ents
into
pla
ce. R
ive
ters
the
n ri
vete
d th
e w
alkw
ay s
egm
ents
into
pla
ce.
The
co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rke
rs a
nd r
ive
ters
wor
ked
high
abo
ve t
he r
iver
with
out
any
safe
ty n
ets,
hard
hat
s or
pro
tect
ive
foot
wea
r!
Ph
ase
6 -
BU
ILD
TH
E C
HA
INS
:C
on
stru
ctio
n w
ork
ers
bui
lt su
per
stro
ng w
oode
n tr
estle
s to
sup
port
the
hea
vy s
teel
cha
ins
and
to k
eep
them
from
sw
ingi
ng in
the
win
d. T
he c
hain
s w
ere
also
bro
ught
up
the
rive
r on
bar
ges,
lifte
din
to p
lace
by
cran
es a
nd r
ivet
ed t
oget
her
in s
egm
ents
. A
ll in
all,
Tow
er B
ridg
e ha
s ov
er 2
mill
ion
rive
ts!
Ph
ase
7 -
BU
ILD
& I
NS
TA
LL
TH
E B
AS
CU
LE
S:
Each
bas
cule
was
mad
e fr
om fo
ur lo
ng g
irde
rs, s
ever
al c
ross
gir
ders
and
ste
el p
late
s. T
he lo
ng g
irde
rsan
d th
e ro
adw
ay p
late
s w
ould
sup
port
the
roa
d, a
nd t
he c
ross
gir
ders
wou
ld h
old
the
basc
ules
toge
ther
.
Co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rke
rs b
uilt
long
gir
ders
, add
ing
the
cros
s gi
rder
s an
d ro
adw
ay p
late
s un
til t
hey
stre
tche
d ou
t fo
rty
feet
ove
r th
e ri
ver.
Onc
e th
ose
wer
e in
pla
ce, t
hey
thre
aded
a p
in in
to t
he p
ivot
so t
he b
ascu
le c
ould
rot
ate.
The
y bu
ilt a
cou
nter
bala
nce
on t
he la
nd-s
ide
of e
ach
basc
ule.
AC
TIV
ITY 3
A: C
ontinued
6.11
con
tin
ues
...
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
Ph
ase
8 -
IN
ST
AL
L T
HE
ST
EA
M E
NG
INE
S:
Con
stru
ctio
n w
orke
rs in
stal
led
the
stea
m e
ngin
es a
nd t
he h
ydra
ulic
pip
es in
the
bri
dge.
Ph
ase
9 -
OP
EN
TH
E B
RID
GE
!O
pen
the
brid
ge fo
r tr
affic
and
mai
ntai
n it.
Eve
n no
w, m
ain
ten
ance
wo
rke
rs a
nd b
rid
geo
pe
rato
rs a
re o
n si
te a
t Tow
er B
ridg
e tw
enty
-four
hou
rs a
day
!
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
Con
side
r th
e w
orke
rs w
ho b
uilt
Tow
er B
ridg
e. W
hich
of t
hese
rol
es w
ere
need
ed a
t w
hich
tim
es?
Arc
hite
ct(s
): ...
......
......
......
......
...D
esig
ned
a br
idge
with
tur
rets
and
par
apet
s w
ith s
teel
tow
ers
to s
uppo
rtsu
spen
sion
cha
ins
and
basc
ules
tha
t co
uld
swin
g up
to
allo
w s
hips
thr
ough
.W
orke
d w
ith t
he e
ngin
eer
to p
lan
the
cons
truc
tion
of t
he b
ridg
e.
Engi
neer
(s):
......
......
......
......
......
.Ens
ured
the
arc
hite
ct’s
desi
gn w
ould
func
tion.
Wor
ked
with
the
arc
hite
ct t
o pl
an t
he c
onst
ruct
ion
of t
he b
ridg
e.
Und
erw
ater
div
ers:
......
......
.....E
xcav
ated
dee
p be
low
the
riv
erbe
d so
tha
t ca
isso
ns c
ould
be
low
ered
and
fille
d w
ith c
oncr
ete
so t
hat
pier
s fo
r th
e br
idge
s co
uld
be b
uilt
on t
op.
Fact
ory
wor
kers
: ....
......
......
.....M
ade
the
stee
l seg
men
ts fo
r th
e br
idge
in S
cotla
nd b
y lo
adin
g ir
on o
re in
toth
e bl
ast
furn
ace,
alo
ng w
ith c
oke
(pur
e ca
rbon
der
ived
from
coa
l) an
dlim
esto
ne (
a su
bsta
nce
that
rem
oves
impu
ritie
s).
Cra
ne o
pera
tors
:.....
......
......
.....M
oved
the
ste
el s
egm
ents
from
bar
ges
into
the
cor
rect
pla
ce o
n th
e br
idge
.
Barg
e op
erat
ors:
......
......
......
.....T
rans
port
ed t
he m
ater
ials
for
the
brid
ge u
p th
e R
iver
Tha
mes
whe
n th
eyw
ere
need
ed b
y th
e co
nstr
uctio
n w
orke
rs.
Con
stru
ctio
n w
orke
rs:.
......
....W
ere
invo
lved
in e
very
pha
se o
f bri
dge
cons
truc
tion.
Riv
eter
s:...
......
......
......
......
......
.....C
onne
cted
all
the
stee
l seg
men
ts t
oget
her
usin
g ri
vets
. The
y pl
aced
eac
h ri
vet
by h
and;
the
re a
re 2
mill
ion
rive
ts in
Tow
er B
ridg
e.
Mas
ons:
......
......
......
......
......
......
...En
clos
ed t
he s
teel
str
uctu
re in
bri
ck a
nd g
rey
ston
e.
Pain
ters
:.....
......
......
......
......
......
...Pa
inte
d th
e st
eelw
ork
choc
olat
e br
own.
Dis
cuss
:C
onsi
der
wha
t ea
ch w
orke
r di
d an
d w
hat
the
purp
ose
of t
heir
wor
k w
as. T
hink
abo
ut w
hich
wer
e th
e m
ost
diffi
cult
or d
ange
rous
par
ts o
f the
ir jo
bs. Y
ou m
ay w
ant
to d
o a
role
pla
y w
ith y
our
stud
ents
, ask
ing
each
stu
dent
to c
hoos
e a
job
and
help
bui
ld t
he b
ridg
e.
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
Look
at
the
pict
ures
of T
ower
Bri
dge
unde
r co
nstr
uctio
n an
d m
atch
the
m t
o ea
ch p
hase
of t
he c
onst
ruct
ion
proc
ess.
Dra
w p
ictu
res
illus
trat
ing
the
phas
es w
hich
don
’t ha
ve r
efer
ence
imag
es. D
raw
pic
ture
s of
the
wor
kers
who
bui
lt th
e br
idge
.
Cre
ate
a st
oryb
oard
with
cap
tions
sho
win
g th
e co
nstr
uctio
n fr
om s
tart
to
finis
h. Y
ou m
ay w
ant
to a
dd s
ome
ofyo
ur p
hoto
s fr
om y
our
visi
t to
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion.
Whe
n yo
ur s
tory
boar
d is
fini
shed
, pos
t it
on t
he w
all
or b
ulle
tin b
oard
of y
our
clas
sroo
m.
6.12
Act
ivity
3A
: C
ontinued
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.13
con
tin
ues
...
AC
TIV
ITY 3
B: TH
E S
TO
RY O
F T
OW
ER
BR
IDG
E:
Illu
stra
ted
Londo
n N
ews
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To in
vest
igat
e th
e ro
le o
f Vict
oria
n ne
wsp
aper
s•
To in
terp
ret a
new
s ar
ticle
from
the
Illus
trat
ed L
ondo
n N
ews
• To
com
pare
Vict
oria
n ne
wsp
aper
s to
mod
ern
med
ia
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• Fa
csim
ile o
f the
Illu
stra
ted
Lond
on N
ews
(Item
#8
in t
his
Kit)
As
a C
lass
:R
ead
the
follo
win
g in
form
atio
n ab
out
the
Illus
trat
ed L
ondo
n N
ews:
Ab
ou
t th
e I
llu
stra
ted
Lo
nd
on
New
sT
he Il
lust
rate
d Lo
ndon
New
s w
as s
tart
ed b
y H
erbe
rt In
gram
in 1
842;
he
had
notic
ed t
hat
new
spap
ers
sold
mor
e co
pies
whe
n th
ey in
clud
ed im
ages
, so
he d
ecid
ed t
o pu
blis
h a
new
spap
er w
ith im
ages
inev
ery
editi
on. T
he fi
rst
editi
on o
f the
Illu
stra
ted
Lond
on N
ews
appe
ared
on
14th
May
184
2. It
had
16
page
s w
ith 3
2 im
ages
. Eac
h im
age
was
firs
t dra
wn
by a
n ar
tist a
nd th
en e
ngra
ved
into
woo
d fo
r pr
intin
g.
To p
repa
re t
he n
ewsp
aper
for
prin
ting,
each
lett
er h
ad t
o be
indi
vidu
ally
pla
ced
into
a p
ress
-pla
te t
osp
ell e
ach
wor
d. T
ypes
ette
rs w
orke
d lin
e-by
-line
thr
ough
an
artic
le, s
ettin
g th
e le
tter
s on
e by
one
.Be
caus
e th
ey w
ere
mak
ing
a pl
ate
whi
ch w
ould
be
inke
d an
d pr
esse
d on
to t
he p
aper
, the
lett
ers
wer
ein
rev
erse
(m
irro
r-im
age)
. Im
agin
e sp
ellin
g ev
ery
wor
d B
AC
KW
AR
DS!
It m
ust
have
bee
n a
time-
cons
umin
g jo
b!
Publ
ishi
ng a
pap
er in
the
Vic
tori
an e
ra t
ook
a lo
t of
tim
e an
d la
bour
, and
the
Illu
stra
ted
Lond
on N
ews
only
cam
e ou
t tw
ice
a w
eek.
It c
ost
sixp
ence
, and
the
firs
t ed
ition
sol
d m
ore
than
25,
000
copi
es. B
yth
e en
d of
184
2, t
he Il
lust
rate
d Lo
ndon
New
s w
as s
ellin
g 60
,000
cop
ies
per
editi
on.
In 1
852,
the
Illu
stra
ted
Lond
on N
ews
publ
ishe
d a
spec
ial e
ditio
n ab
out
the
fune
ral o
f the
Duk
e of
Wel
lingt
on, a
nd it
s sa
les
rose
to 1
50,0
00. B
y 18
55, it
sol
d 20
0,00
0 co
pies
per
wee
k. T
he s
ales
con
tinue
dto
ris
e un
til t
he 1
860s
, whe
n it
was
sel
ling
300,
000
copi
es p
er w
eek.
Thi
s fig
ure
was
AM
AZ
ING
com
pare
d to
oth
er n
ewsp
aper
s of
the
day
.
If yo
u co
mpa
re t
hese
figu
res
to t
he m
oder
n-da
y BB
C w
ebsi
te, w
hich
get
s 13
mill
ion
web
site
vis
itspe
r da
y, yo
u ca
n se
e ho
w m
uch
the
dist
ribu
tion
of n
ews
has
chan
ged
sinc
e V
icto
rian
tim
es!
As
a C
lass
:R
ead
and
disc
uss
the
artic
le a
bout
Tow
er B
ridg
e fr
om t
he Il
lust
rate
d Lo
ndon
New
s. T
each
er’s
Not
e: Y
ou m
ay w
ish
to d
ivid
e th
e ar
ticle
into
par
ts a
nd a
ssig
n ea
ch p
art
to a
gro
up o
f pup
ils.
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
• R
ead
the
artic
le a
gain
.
• Id
entif
y w
ords
and
phr
ases
tha
t th
ey d
on’t
unde
rsta
nd, o
r th
at s
eem
funn
y or
unu
sual
.
• Id
entif
y po
wer
ful i
mag
es o
r ph
rase
s th
at ‘s
tand
out
’ or
that
hel
p th
em ‘p
aint
a p
ictu
re’ i
n th
eir
head
s.
• D
iscu
ss h
ow t
he a
rtic
le m
ight
mak
e th
e re
ader
feel
.
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks
Key
Sta
ge 2
Citi
zens
hip:
2k
Engl
ish:
En2
.3d,
En2
.5a,
En2
.5b,
En2.
7c, E
n3.1
c, E
n3.1
d, E
n3.9
b,En
3.11
, En3
.12
His
tory
: 4a,
5a,
5c,
6, 8
a, 1
1a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.14
AC
TIV
ITY 3
B: C
ontinued
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
• Im
agin
e th
ey h
ad t
o te
ll th
e st
ory
of T
ower
Bri
dge
to a
noth
er c
hild
.
•W
rite
a s
hort
er v
ersi
on o
f the
sto
ry.
Whi
ch p
hras
es, i
f any
, wou
ld t
hey
keep
?
•H
ow w
ould
the
y m
ake
the
stor
y in
tere
stin
g?
Sugg
estion for
Ext
endi
ng
the
Act
ivity:
Iden
tify
a ne
ws
artic
le a
bout
a c
onst
ruct
ion
proj
ect
in L
ondo
n (p
erha
ps H
eath
row
Ter
min
al 5
or
the
cons
truc
tion
for
the
2012
Oly
mpi
cs).
You
mig
ht fi
nd t
he a
rtic
le in
a n
ewsp
aper
, or
on a
web
site
, or
even
on
tele
visi
on.
Ask
you
r pu
pils
to
com
pare
and
con
tras
t th
e ar
ticle
from
the
Illu
stra
ted
Lond
on N
ews
with
the
art
icle
you
hav
efo
und.
Incl
ude
the
follo
win
g in
you
r di
scus
sion
:
- H
ow is
the
info
rmat
ion
pres
ente
d to
the
rea
der
(wor
ds)?
- H
ow a
re t
he im
ages
pre
sent
ed t
o th
e re
ader
(pi
ctur
es /
mov
ing
imag
es /
diag
ram
s)?
- Who
is t
he a
utho
r of
the
info
rmat
ion
(jour
nalis
t / b
logg
er)?
- H
ow d
id /
does
the
info
rmat
ion
get
to t
he r
eade
r? (
dist
ribu
tion)
?
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.15
AC
TIV
ITY 4
: TH
E P
HYSIC
S O
F T
OW
ER
BR
IDG
E-
AN
EX
PE
RIM
EN
TO
bje
ctiv
es:
• To
inve
stig
ate
diffe
rent
type
s of
brid
ges
• To
exp
lore
how
forc
es a
ffect
brid
ge d
esig
n an
d co
nstru
ctio
n
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• ‘B
ridge
-bui
ldin
g’ m
ater
ials:
old
new
spap
ers,
strin
g, dr
inki
ng s
traw
s, un
cook
ed s
pagh
etti,
cel
lota
pe, m
aski
ng t
ape,
etc
• ‘T
ypes
of B
ridge
s’ W
orks
heet
• Im
ages
of d
iffer
ent
brid
ge t
ypes
: Arc
h br
idge
, Sus
pens
ion
brid
ge, B
eam
brid
ge•
Dia
gram
of T
ower
Brid
ge s
how
ing
forc
es (
com
pres
sion
/ ten
sion)
with
in t
he b
ridge
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
Rev
iew
and
con
side
r th
e ‘T
ypes
of B
ridg
e’ W
orks
heet
. Thi
nk a
bout
diff
eren
t sh
apes
of b
ridg
es, a
nd (i
f app
ropr
iate
)to
con
side
r br
idge
s th
ey e
ncou
nter
eve
ry d
ay. I
ntro
duce
to
your
pup
ils t
he t
hree
mai
n ty
pes
of b
ridg
e: ‘a
rch’
,‘s
uspe
nsio
n’ a
nd ‘b
eam
’ (R
efer
to
‘Typ
es o
f Bri
dges
’ Wor
kshe
et).
Intr
oduc
e th
e co
ncep
ts: ‘s
pan’
, ‘com
pres
sion
’ and
‘ten
sion
’:Sp
an...
......
......
......
......
The
dis
tanc
e be
twee
n tw
o br
idge
sup
port
s, w
heth
er t
hey
are
colu
mns
, tow
ers
or t
hew
all o
f a c
anyo
n.
Lode
......
......
......
......
...T
he w
eigh
t th
at a
bri
dge
span
can
bea
r; fo
r ex
ampl
e, c
ars
or p
edes
tria
ns.
Com
pres
sion
......
.....W
hen
two
forc
es p
ush
in o
n an
obj
ect
from
opp
osite
sid
es (
shor
teni
ng);
for
exam
ple,
crus
hing
an
empt
y so
da c
an b
etw
een
your
han
ds.
Tens
ion
......
......
......
....W
hen
two
forc
es p
ull o
n an
obj
ect
from
opp
osite
sid
es (
stre
tchi
ng /
leng
then
ing)
; for
exam
ple,
str
etch
ing
a ru
bber
band
bet
wee
n yo
ur h
ands
.
Des
ign a
Bri
dge
and
Unde
rsta
nd
its
Forc
esA
sk p
upils
to:
• C
hoos
e on
e ty
pe o
f bri
dge
and
draw
an
exam
ple
of t
hat
brid
ge t
ype.
• Id
entif
y on
the
ir d
raw
ing
with
arr
ows
the
dire
ctio
n of
eac
h fo
rce.
Ref
er t
o di
agra
m o
f Tow
er B
ridg
e if
need
ed.
Bu
ild
a B
rid
ge a
nd
Ex
pla
in I
ts F
ailu
rePu
t pu
pils
into
sm
all g
roup
s, an
d as
k th
em t
o ch
oose
a b
ridg
e ty
pe. A
sk p
upils
to
cons
truc
t a
brid
ge fr
om t
hem
ater
ials
pro
vide
d. T
he b
ridg
e sh
ould
be
at le
ast
30 c
entim
etre
s (1
2 in
ches
) in
leng
th.
It c
an b
e an
y ty
pe o
fbr
idge
.
Enco
urag
e pu
pils
to
expe
rim
ent
and
expl
ore
each
of t
he t
ypes
of b
ridg
e. W
hich
bri
dge
type
is b
est
for
bear
ing
the
lode
? Ex
plai
n to
pup
ils t
hat
effe
ctiv
e br
idge
des
igns
util
ise
natu
ral f
orce
s to
tra
nsfe
r th
e w
eigh
t of
the
lode
and
dist
ribu
te it
acr
oss
the
stru
ctur
e, s
o th
at t
he b
ridg
e ca
n ac
com
mod
ate
larg
e lo
des
and
span
long
er le
ngth
s.
Te
st Y
ou
r B
rid
ges
Whe
n th
e st
uden
ts h
ave
finis
hed
thei
r br
idge
s, te
st e
ach
one
with
incr
easi
ng w
eigh
ts (
the
‘lode
’) un
til it
fails
. The
brid
ge w
hich
bea
rs t
he g
reat
est
lode
win
s!
Ex
pla
in t
he
Fai
lure
Tell
pupi
ls t
hat
the
aim
is n
ot t
o w
in –
but
to
mak
e a
thor
ough
exp
lana
tion
of h
ow a
bri
dge
wor
ks. F
ailu
re is
GO
OD
if y
ou c
an e
xpla
in it
! Eac
h gr
oup
has
to r
epor
t w
hat
they
hav
e le
arnt
abo
ut b
ridg
e de
sign
, bri
dge
build
ing,
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
2a,
4b,
5a,
5b,
5c
Des
ign
and
Tec
hnol
ogy:
1b,
1c,
2a,
2b,
2c,
2d,
3a, 3
b, 3
c, 4
a, 4
b, 5
b, 5
cSc
ienc
e: S
c1.1
a+b,
Sc1
.2j,
l, m
Sc3
.1a,
Sc4
.2d+
e
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.16
con
tin
ues
...
AC
TIV
ITY 5
: H
OW
STE
AM
EN
GIN
ES L
IFTE
DTH
E B
ASC
ULE
S O
F T
OW
ER
BR
IDG
E
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To e
xplo
re th
e di
ffere
nt s
tage
s of
ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n w
hich
raise
the
Tow
er B
ridge
bas
cule
s•
To c
onsid
er n
ew fo
rms
of e
nerg
y pr
oduc
tion
and
the
diffe
renc
e th
ey m
ake
to m
echa
nics
and
patte
rns
of w
ork
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• ‘H
ow t
he B
ascu
les W
ere
Raise
d’ C
ards
(18
94 t
o 19
76)
- Ite
m #
12 in
thi
s Ki
t(N
ow)
- Ite
m #
13 in
thi
s Ki
t•
‘My V
isit
to To
wer
Brid
ge’ W
orks
heet
Inst
ruct
ions:
As
a cl
ass,
refe
r to
you
r ‘M
y Vis
it to
Tow
er B
ridg
e’ W
orks
heet
s an
d di
scus
s th
e th
ings
you
saw
in t
he S
team
Engi
ne R
oom
s at
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion.
Dis
cuss
eac
h st
ep in
the
pro
cess
tha
t w
as u
sed
whe
n th
e ba
scul
esw
ere
rais
ed b
y st
eam
-gen
erat
ed e
nerg
y.
Part
One:
Lifting
the
Bas
cule
s W
ith S
team
Pow
erA
sk p
upils
to
look
at
the
‘How
the
Bas
cule
s Wer
e R
aise
d’ c
ards
(18
94 t
o 19
76)
whi
ch s
how
eac
h st
ep o
f the
proc
ess.
As
a cl
ass,
put
the
‘How
the
Bas
cule
s Wer
e R
aise
d’ c
ards
in t
he c
orre
ct o
rder
.
Corr
ect O
rder
: CO
AL
BO
ILER
S
TEAM
P
RESS
URE
H
YDRA
ULI
C EN
ERG
Y
BRID
GE
OPE
RATO
R
BAS
CULE
EN
GIN
E B
RID
GE
OPE
NS
Op
tio
nal
: Dra
w a
dia
gram
sh
ow
ing
the
jo
urn
ey
of
a p
iece
of
coal
an
d h
ow
it
is t
ran
sfo
rme
d i
nto
en
erg
y to
po
we
r th
e s
team
en
gin
es.
Consi
der
and
disc
uss
as
a cl
ass:
Ho
w m
any
staf
f w
ou
ld b
e n
ece
ssar
y to
op
era
te t
he
mac
hin
ery
fo
r th
is p
roce
ss?
Teac
her’s
Not
e: T
here
are
no
corr
ect
answ
ers
in t
his
exer
cise
! We
wan
t pu
pils
to
cons
ider
the
labo
uran
d st
aff t
hat
wer
e re
quir
ed fo
r th
e st
eam
eng
ines
and
hyd
raul
ics
equi
pmen
t, an
d to
com
pare
the
labo
ur r
equi
rem
ents
aft
er t
he c
onve
rsio
n to
ele
ctri
c po
wer
.
Wh
at w
ou
ld t
he
ir r
ole
s h
ave
be
en
?
In y
ou
r e
stim
atio
n,
ho
w m
any
pe
op
le w
ere
ne
ed
ed
to
:-
Hau
l the
coa
l to
the
boile
r?
____
____
____
__-
Stok
e th
e bo
iler?
+__
____
____
____
- Fi
x th
e bo
iler
if it
brok
e?+
____
____
____
__-
Ope
rate
the
ste
am e
ngin
es?
+__
____
____
____
- M
aint
ain
/ fix
the
ste
am e
ngin
es?
+__
____
____
____
- Lo
ok a
fter
the
hyd
raul
ic s
tora
ge t
anks
?+
____
____
____
__-
Ope
rate
the
leve
rs in
the
cab
in o
n th
e br
idge
?+
____
____
____
__-
Mai
ntai
n / f
ix t
he b
ascu
le e
ngin
es?
+__
____
____
____
- M
aint
ain
the
hydr
aulic
pip
es?
+__
____
____
____
- M
anag
e / o
vers
ee t
he p
roce
ss?
+__
____
____
____
TO
TA
L=
____
____
____
__
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Citi
zens
hip:
1e,
2a,
2e
Des
ign
and
Tec
hnol
ogy:
4c,
4d
Geo
grap
hy: 2
a, 3
d, 3
e, 3
g, 4
bH
isto
ry: 2
a, 2
c, 2
d, 4
b, 6
, 7, 8
a, 1
1a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.17
In y
our
estim
atio
n, h
ow m
any
hour
s pe
r da
y w
ould
sta
ff be
req
uire
d to
ope
rate
thi
s sy
stem
?An
swer
: 24
Tea
cher
’s N
ote:
Bef
ore
1976
, a s
hip
coul
d ‘tu
rn u
p’ a
t th
e br
idge
at
any
time
and
rais
e a
sign
al fl
ag t
ore
ques
t a
brid
ge li
ft. T
hat,
and
the
ongo
ing
dem
ands
of t
he h
ydra
ulic
sys
tem
, mea
nt t
hat
staf
f wer
e re
quir
ed 2
4 ho
urs
a da
y, s
even
day
s a
wee
k.
Part
Tw
o: Li
ftin
g th
e B
ascu
les
with E
lect
rici
tyIn
197
6, T
ower
Bri
dge
switc
hed
from
hyd
raul
ic t
o el
ectr
ic p
ower
. The
hyd
raul
ic m
achi
nery
stil
l fun
ctio
ned
(and
still
wou
ld fu
nctio
n to
day)
, but
the
man
pow
er r
equi
red
prov
ed t
oo e
xpen
sive
. Add
ition
ally,
the
re w
as n
o lo
nger
a co
mpa
ny in
Lon
don
who
cou
ld s
uppl
y hy
drau
lic p
ower
in t
he e
vent
tha
t Tow
er B
ridg
e’s
stea
m e
ngin
es fa
iled.
Lift
ing
the
Bas
cule
s N
OW
Ask
pup
ils t
o lo
ok a
t th
e ‘H
ow t
he B
ascu
les
Are
Rai
sed
(Now
)’ ca
rds
whi
ch s
how
eac
h st
ep o
f the
pro
cess
.A
s a
clas
s, p
ut t
he ‘H
ow t
he B
ascu
les
Are
Rai
sed’
car
ds in
the
cor
rect
ord
er.
Corr
ect O
rder
:EL
ECTR
IC E
NER
GY
B
RID
GE
OPE
RATO
R
BAS
CULE
EN
GIN
E
BRI
DG
E O
PEN
S
Consi
der
and
disc
uss
as
a cl
ass:
The
sta
ff w
hich
are
nec
essa
ry t
o op
erat
e th
e m
achi
nery
for
this
pro
cess
. Use
the
que
stio
ns b
elow
.In
you
r es
timat
ion,
how
man
y pe
ople
are
nee
ded
to:
- M
aint
ain
the
oper
atin
g sy
stem
?__
____
____
____
_-
Ope
rate
the
leve
rs in
the
cab
in o
n th
e br
idge
?+
____
____
____
__-
Mai
ntai
n / f
ix t
he b
ascu
le e
ngin
es?
+__
____
____
____
TO
TA
L=
____
____
____
__
How
man
y pe
ople
are
nee
ded
to m
anag
e th
e pr
oces
s (m
akin
g su
re e
very
body
doe
s hi
s or
her
job)
?An
swer
: 6
In y
our
estim
atio
n, h
ow m
any
hour
s pe
r da
y w
ould
sta
ff be
req
uire
d to
ope
rate
thi
s sy
stem
?An
swer
: 12
As
a C
lass
:C
onsi
der
the
new
met
hod
of r
aisi
ng t
he b
ascu
les;
disc
uss
wha
t ha
s ch
ange
d, in
ter
ms
of e
nerg
y an
d la
bour
.Q
ue
stio
ns:
Is t
he p
roce
ss s
impl
er n
ow?
How
man
y st
eps
have
bee
n el
imin
ated
? W
hich
ste
ps a
re t
hey?
Wha
t ar
e th
e im
plic
atio
ns o
f sim
plify
ing
a pr
oces
s?An
swer
: Fe
wer
ste
ps in
the
proc
ess
mea
n fe
wer
thin
gs c
an g
o w
rong
!
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
Con
side
r an
d di
scus
s ev
eryd
ay t
hing
s w
hich
red
uce
the
need
for
labo
ur (
eg d
ishw
ashe
r, w
ashi
ng m
achi
ne, e
tc).
Con
side
r an
d di
scus
s ho
w t
echn
olog
y m
akes
life
eas
ier,
but
also
how
it c
hang
es t
he la
bour
mar
ket
for
the
peop
lein
volv
ed.
Pupi
ls s
houl
d be
enc
oura
ged
to m
ake
links
bet
wee
n th
e In
dust
rial
Rev
olut
ion
and
the
curr
ent
Info
rmat
ion
Rev
olut
ion.
AC
TIV
ITY 5
: C
ontinued
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.18
AC
TIV
ITY 6
: D
ESIG
N Y
OU
R O
WN
RIV
ER
CR
OSSIN
G
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To c
onsid
er p
roce
sses
of d
esig
n an
d co
nsul
tatio
n•
To u
nder
stan
d ho
w d
ecisi
ons
are
mad
e
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• Im
ages
of t
he o
rigin
al T
ham
es R
iver
cro
ssin
g de
signs
(Ite
m #
16 in
thi
s Ki
t)
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
Tea
cher
’s N
ote:
Pup
ils c
ould
wor
k in
gro
ups
to m
ake
thei
r pr
esen
tatio
ns.
Look
at
the
vari
ous
prop
osed
des
igns
for
the
rive
r cr
ossi
ng.
Cho
ose
one
desi
gn t
o pr
opos
e to
the
com
mitt
ee. P
rese
nt y
our
desi
gn, e
xpla
inin
g w
hy y
ou t
hink
tha
t id
ea w
ould
have
wor
ked
bett
er.
Hav
e a
clas
s de
bate
abo
ut H
orac
e Jo
nes’
des
ign
for T
ower
Bri
dge.
Is it
the
BES
T s
olut
ion
to t
he p
robl
em?
(Ref
er t
o A
ctiv
ity 2
A fo
r ad
vice
for
sett
ing
up a
deb
ate.
)
Ext
ensi
on A
ctiv
ity
Imag
ine
that
the
Spec
ial C
omm
ittee
of t
he B
ridg
ehou
se C
omm
ittee
wer
e m
eetin
g to
day
to d
esig
n a
rive
r cr
ossi
ng.
Iden
tify
the
chan
ges
in t
he a
rea
surr
ound
ing
Tow
er H
ill t
hat
wou
ld a
ffect
a n
ew d
esig
n.
Opt
ional
Art
Act
ivity
Ask
pup
ils t
o de
sign
an
alte
rnat
ive
rive
r cr
ossi
ng t
hat
acco
mm
odat
es b
oth
rive
r tr
affic
and
roa
d tr
affic
. Dra
wor
bui
ld a
mod
el o
f the
des
ign
and
pres
ent
it to
the
cla
ss fo
r de
bate
.
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
1b,
2a,
2b,
5a
Citi
zens
hip:
1a,
2a,
2e,
2f,
2jD
esig
n an
d T
echn
olog
y: 1
a, 2
a, 2
c, 2
d,3c
, 4a,
4b,
5a,
5b,
5c
Engl
ish:
En1
.1a-
f, En
1.2a
-e, E
n.3a
-f, E
n1.7
,En
1.8b
+c,
En1
.9c,
En1
.10c
Geo
grap
hy: 1
d, 2
a, 2
g, 4
b, 6
a, 6
d, 6
e, 7
aH
isto
ry: 2
a, 4
b, 6
, 7, 8
a, 1
1a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
AC
TIV
ITY 7
A: TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
NA
S A
LA
ND
MA
RK
Ob
ject
ive
:•
To e
xplo
re th
e id
ea o
f a la
ndm
ark
and
its im
porta
nce
to a
city
or n
atio
n
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• Im
ages
of T
ower
Brid
ge (
Item
#16
in t
his
Kit,
plus
imag
es fr
om y
our
visit
!)•
Cur
rent
mar
ketin
g m
ater
ial f
rom
Tow
er B
ridge
(NO
TE: B
e su
re t
o co
llect
bro
chur
es a
nd p
amph
lets
whe
n yo
u vi
sit To
wer
Brid
ge E
xhib
ition
!)
As
a cl
ass,
dis
cuss
:T
ower
Bri
dge
is k
now
n al
l ove
r th
e w
orld
as
a la
ndm
ark
of L
ondo
n. W
hat
othe
r la
ndm
arks
can
you
thi
nk o
fw
hich
sym
bolis
e Lo
ndon
? H
ave
you
visi
ted
any
of t
hem
? W
hat
did
you
thin
k of
the
m?
Mak
e a
lis
t o
f o
the
r la
nd
mar
ks
in L
on
do
n.
Que
stio
n:C
an y
ou t
hink
of o
ther
land
mar
ks in
oth
er c
ities
in t
he U
K?
Que
stio
n:C
an y
ou t
hink
of o
ther
land
mar
ks in
oth
er c
ities
aro
und
the
wor
ld?
Re
vie
w t
he
lis
t o
f la
nd
mar
ks.
Dis
cuss
wh
ich
ch
arac
teri
stic
s m
ake
s so
me
thin
g a
lan
dm
ark
.
Que
stio
n:W
hat
do la
ndm
arks
hav
e in
com
mon
: The
ir s
hape
? The
ir s
ize?
The
ir lo
catio
n? T
heir
func
tion?
The
ir h
isto
ry?
The
ir r
elat
ions
hip
to t
he p
eopl
e in
the
pla
ce?
Que
stio
n:W
hat
is t
he p
urpo
se o
f a la
ndm
ark?
Que
stio
n:W
hat
do la
ndm
arks
mak
e us
feel
abo
ut a
pla
ce? W
hy a
re t
hey
impo
rtan
t?Q
uest
ion:
Wha
t ki
nd o
f fun
ctio
ns d
o la
ndm
arks
hav
e? W
hat
do t
hey
cele
brat
e?Q
uest
ion:
Wha
t so
rt o
f job
s do
land
mar
ks c
reat
e in
a c
ity?
Pla
ce y
our
pupi
ls into
sm
all gro
ups
and
ask
each
gro
up
to:
Imag
ine
yo
u h
ave
to
de
sign
a n
ew
lan
dm
ark
fo
r L
on
do
n,
and
yo
u h
ave
to
‘p
itch
’ yo
ur
de
sign
to
an o
ffic
ial
com
mit
tee
fo
r co
nsi
de
rati
on
.
Que
stio
n:W
hat
are
the
mos
t im
port
ant
thin
gs t
o th
ink
abou
t w
hen
mak
ing
plan
s fo
r a
land
mar
k?
1)
Mak
e a
lis
t o
f th
e c
on
sid
era
tio
ns
for
you
r la
nd
mar
k. I
ncl
ud
e p
urp
ose
an
dm
ean
ing,
lo
cati
on
, si
ze,
de
sign
, m
ate
rial
s, a
nd
re
lati
on
ship
to
lo
cal
resi
de
nts
or
visi
tors
to
Lo
nd
on
.
2)
Pre
par
e a
‘p
itch
’ fo
r th
e c
om
mit
tee
(th
e r
est
of
the
cla
ss),
ou
tlin
ing
wh
y yo
uth
ink
yo
ur
lan
dm
ark
is
the
be
st d
esi
gn f
or
Lo
nd
on
.
3)
Pre
par
e d
esig
ns
for
the
lan
dm
ark
(to
go
wit
h y
ou
r ‘p
itch
’), i
ncl
ud
ing
dra
win
gsan
d o
the
r im
age
s o
f yo
ur
lan
dm
ark
.
4)
Mak
e y
ou
r p
itch
to
th
e c
om
mit
tee
!
Ext
ensi
on A
rt A
ctiv
ity
• C
onsi
der
your
list
of l
andm
arks
in t
he U
K a
nd a
roun
d th
e w
orld
(ab
ove)
.•
Mak
e a
gian
t ill
ustr
ated
UK
and
/ or
Wor
ld M
ap fo
r yo
ur c
lass
room
.•
Cho
ose
a la
ndm
ark
and
draw
a p
ictu
re o
f it.
Cut
out
eac
h ill
ustr
atio
n an
d st
ick
it on
the
map
.
6.19
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a
Citi
zens
hip:
1a
Des
ign
and
Tec
hnol
ogy:
1a,
1b,
5b
Engl
ish:
En1
.1a-
f, En
1.2a
-e, E
n1.7
, En1
.8b+
c,En
1.9c
, En1
.10c
Geo
grap
hy: 1
a, 1
d, 2
a, 3
a, 3
b, 3
c, 3
g, 6
a, 7
a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.2
0
AC
TIV
ITY 7
B: TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
NA
S A
WO
RLD
LA
ND
MA
RK
Ob
ject
ive
:•
To e
xplo
re th
e ro
le o
f the
mar
ketin
g de
part
men
t in
a vis
itor a
ttrac
tion
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• Im
ages
of T
ower
Brid
ge (
Item
#16
in t
his
Kit,
plus
imag
es fr
om y
our
visit
!)•
Cur
rent
mar
ketin
g m
ater
ial f
rom
Tow
er B
ridge
(NO
TE: B
e su
re t
o co
llect
bro
chur
es a
nd p
amph
lets
whe
n yo
u vi
sit To
wer
Brid
ge E
xhib
ition
!)•
Art
mat
eria
ls
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
Imag
ine
you
are
part
of t
he M
arke
ting T
eam
of T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n. D
iscu
ss t
he r
ole
of a
‘Mar
ketin
g T
eam
’.W
hat
are
they
try
ing
to d
o, a
nd w
hat
do t
hey
use
to d
o th
is?
Dis
cuss
with p
upi
ls:
Dis
cuss
the
rol
e an
d fu
nctio
ns o
f the
Mar
ketin
g T
eam
at
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion,
incl
udin
g:•
Att
ract
ing
visi
tor
from
the
UK
and
all
over
the
wor
ld t
o vi
sit
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion
• C
reat
ing
and
dist
ribu
ting
‘col
late
ral’
whi
ch in
form
s po
tent
ial v
isito
rs a
bout
how
to
mak
e a
visi
t•
Find
ing
way
s to
impr
ove
the
visi
tor’
s ex
peri
ence
of T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n, s
o th
at t
hey
will
vis
itag
ain
and/
or t
ell t
heir
frie
nds
abou
t th
e vi
sit.
Cre
ate
a pi
ece
of M
arke
ting
Collat
eral
Div
ide
the
clas
s in
to s
mal
l gro
ups.
Pup
ils s
houl
d co
ntin
ue t
o im
agin
e th
ey a
re p
art
of t
he M
arke
ting
Tea
m a
tT
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n, b
ut y
ou c
ould
giv
e ea
ch g
roup
a s
peci
fic o
bjec
tive
(e.g
. pro
mot
ing
Tow
er B
ridg
eEx
hibi
tion
to fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren,
to
visi
tors
from
ove
rsea
s, o
r to
edu
cato
rs, e
t al
).
Ask
eac
h gr
oup
to d
esig
n a
post
er w
hich
att
ract
s vi
sito
rs t
o T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n:
1.
Sele
ct a
n im
age o
f th
e b
rid
ge, o
r p
art
of
it, t
hat
wil
l ge
t th
e a
tten
tio
n o
f yo
ur
aud
ien
ce, s
om
eth
ing
wh
ich
wo
uld
be
app
rop
riat
e fo
r a
larg
e p
ost
er o
r b
illb
oar
d.
2.
Ide
nti
fy a
qu
est
ion
or
stat
em
en
t to
go
wit
h t
he
pic
ture
th
at w
ou
ld m
ake
pe
op
le s
top
an
d t
hin
k.
3.
Imag
ine
the
bri
dge
is a
skin
g th
e q
ues
tio
n t
o a
pas
ser-
by.
It
mig
ht
be
som
eth
ing
of
a p
uzz
le.(
Fo
r e
xam
ple
, d
o y
ou
kn
ow
wh
at a
bas
cule
is?
Do
yo
u k
no
w h
ow
a b
ascu
le w
ork
s?).
4.
Th
ink
of
an i
nte
rest
ing
fact
ab
ou
t th
e b
rid
ge t
hat
co
uld
go
wit
h t
he
pic
ture
.
5.
Wri
te a
few
sen
ten
ces
abo
ut
the p
ictu
re a
nd
to
say
wh
at w
as g
reat
ab
ou
t th
evi
sit.
FIN
AL
LY
Dis
cuss
dif
fere
nt
way
s yo
u c
ou
ld p
rese
nt
the
mat
eria
l (to
peo
ple
fro
m a
ll o
ver
the
wo
rld
) an
d t
hin
k a
bo
ut
ho
w t
o a
rran
ge t
he
pic
ture
, q
ue
stio
n,
amaz
ing
fact
an
d s
tory
.
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
1b,
1c,
2a,
2b,
2c, 4
a, 4
b, 5
a, 5
b, 5
dEn
glis
h: E
n3.1
a-e,
En3
.2a-
e, E
n3.6
a,En
3.8,
En3
.9a-
c, E
n3.1
1IC
T: 2
a, 3
a, 3
b,
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.2
1
AC
TIV
ITY 7
C: TO
UR
ING
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
NO
bje
ctiv
e:
•To
iden
tify
key
fact
s an
d po
ints
of i
nter
est i
n an
d ar
ound
Tow
er B
ridge
Exh
ibiti
on•
To u
nder
stan
d th
e ro
le o
f a To
ur G
uide
at a
visi
tor a
ttrac
tion
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• ‘M
y Visi
t to
Tow
er B
ridge
Exh
ibiti
on’
Wor
kshe
et•
Tow
er B
ridge
Fac
ts S
heet
(Ite
m #
7 in
thi
s Ki
t)
Ask
your
pupi
ls t
o:
Imag
ine
th
ey
are
we
lco
min
g a
visi
tor
wh
o i
s co
min
g to
Lo
nd
on
fo
r th
e f
irst
tim
e.
Dis
cuss
th
e r
ole
of
a gu
ide
at
a la
nd
mar
k o
r to
uri
st a
ttra
ctio
n:
• Id
entif
y w
hat
a he
lpfu
l gui
de n
eeds
to
know
.•
Iden
tify
wha
t a
help
ful g
uide
nee
ds t
o pr
epar
e fo
r hi
s or
her
vis
itor.
• Id
entif
y w
hat
a he
lpfu
l gui
de n
eeds
to
do o
nce
thei
r vi
sito
rs a
rriv
e.•
Iden
tify
five
plac
es in
or
near
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion
that
hav
e an
inte
rest
ing
stor
y or
fact
, and
/or
that
a gu
ide
may
wan
t to
focu
s on
whe
n ho
stin
g vi
sito
rs.
Wh
en
ch
oo
sin
g yo
ur
five
pla
ces,
yo
u m
ay w
ant
to c
on
sid
er:
1)
To
we
r B
rid
ge i
tse
lf: i
ts h
isto
ry,
its
con
stru
ctio
n,
fun
fac
ts a
bo
ut
the
bri
dge
and
its
im
po
rtan
ce a
s a
Lo
nd
on
lan
dm
ark
.
2)
Th
e H
igh
Le
vel
Wal
kw
ays:
th
eir
fu
nct
ion
an
d w
hat
yo
u s
ee
fro
m u
p t
he
re,
and
wh
eth
er
tho
se t
hin
gs h
ave
an
in
tere
stin
g st
ory
or
fact
.
3)
Th
e St
eam
En
gin
e R
oo
ms:
wh
at h
app
ened
th
ere
un
til 1
976
and
wh
at is
dis
pla
yed
the
re n
ow
.
4)
Th
e n
eig
hb
ou
rho
od
aro
un
d T
ow
er
Bri
dge
: bu
ild
ings
, lo
cal
his
tory
, e
t al
.
Div
ide
the
clas
s in
to g
roups
, an
d as
k ea
ch g
roup
to:
•Im
agin
e t
he
y ar
e a
te
am o
f gu
ide
s at
To
we
r B
rid
ge E
xh
ibit
ion
.
• W
rite
do
wn
a p
lan
fo
r a
tou
r o
f T
ow
er
Bri
dge
Ex
hib
itio
n a
nd
all
th
e p
oin
tsto
sh
ow
yo
ur
visi
tor.
• T
hin
k a
bo
ut
the
qu
est
ion
s yo
ur
visi
tor
mig
ht
hav
e.
• M
ake
a l
ist
of
tho
se q
ue
stio
ns,
an
d t
he
n t
ry t
o f
ind
th
e a
nsw
ers
.
•D
iscu
ss t
he
qu
est
ion
s an
d a
nsw
ers
as
a cl
ass.
Wh
ere
th
ey
hav
en
’t b
ee
n a
ble
to f
ind
th
e i
nfo
rmat
ion
, as
k p
up
ils
to c
on
sid
er
wh
at t
he
y th
ink
th
e a
nsw
ers
mig
ht
be
. Dis
cuss
po
ssib
le s
ou
rce
s fo
r re
sear
chin
g in
form
atio
n a
bo
ut
To
we
rB
rid
ge E
xh
ibit
ion
an
d t
he
loca
l ar
ea.
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Engl
ish:
En1
.3a-
e, E
n1.7
, En1
. 10a
Geo
grap
hy: 3
a, 3
c, 3
d, 3
e, 6
a, 6
c, 6
d, 7
aH
isto
ry: 1
a, 1
b, 2
a, 2
c, 2
d, 4
a, 4
b, 5
a, 5
b,6,
7, 8
a, 1
1aIC
T: 1
a, 3
b
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.2
2
con
tin
ues
...
AC
TIV
ITY 8
A: TH
E P
OO
L O
F L
ON
DO
Nan
d LO
ND
ON
S L
AR
DE
R
Ob
ject
ive
s:•
To u
nder
stan
d th
e hi
stor
y of
the
Rive
r Tha
mes
and
indu
stry
in th
e lo
cal a
rea
• To
und
erst
and
the
chan
ging
role
of t
he R
iver T
ham
es fr
om V
ictor
ian
times
to p
rese
nt d
ay
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• ‘M
y V
isit
to T
ower
Brid
ge E
xhib
ition
’ Wor
kshe
et•
Loca
l Are
a M
ap (
Item
#4
in t
his
Kit)
• W
orld
Map
Wor
kshe
et, d
uplic
ated
for
each
stu
dent
(Ite
m #
15 in
thi
s Ki
t)
Rea
d th
e fo
llow
ing
pass
ages
to y
our
pupi
ls:
Th
e R
ive
r T
ham
es’
ro
le i
n L
on
do
n i
n 1
860: A
Co
mm
erc
ial
Riv
er
In 1
860,
the
MO
DE
RN
LO
ND
ON
vis
itor’s
gui
de (
publ
ishe
d by
John
Mur
ray)
des
crib
ed t
he R
iver
Tha
mes
with
in L
ondo
n as
the
‘nob
lest
com
mer
cial
riv
er in
the
wor
ld,’
and
estim
ated
tha
t 10
,000
vess
els
used
the
Por
t of
Lon
don
each
yea
r. Fr
om la
rge
ship
s to
col
liers
(ba
rges
whi
ch c
arri
ed c
oal),
the
Tha
mes
was
an
impo
rtan
t pa
rt o
f Lon
don’
s ec
onom
y.
It w
as a
mea
ns o
f TR
AN
SP
OR
TA
TIO
N, i
t w
as a
mea
ns o
f DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
N (
for
food
and
good
s), a
nd it
was
a s
ourc
e of
JO
BS
.
Car
go s
hips
wou
ld tr
avel
up
the
Riv
er T
ham
es in
to th
e Po
ol o
f Lon
don.
Val
uabl
e go
ods
and
com
mod
ities
wer
e of
fload
ed t
o th
e no
rth
side
of t
he P
ool o
f Lon
don
(into
the
City
), w
hile
food
stu
ffs a
nd s
pice
sw
ere
offlo
aded
to
the
sout
h si
de o
f the
Poo
l of L
ondo
n (in
to B
anks
ide
and
Berm
onds
ey).
Doc
k w
orke
rs, c
alle
d ‘s
teve
dore
s’, w
ould
offl
oad
the
carg
o to
ligh
term
en (
who
wor
ked
on s
mal
lbo
ats)
, who
wou
ld tr
ansp
ort t
he c
argo
to th
e ri
vers
ide.
The
re, t
he c
argo
wou
ld b
e st
ored
in w
areh
ouse
san
d us
ed in
the
pro
duct
ion
of v
ario
us e
dibl
e pr
oduc
ts, g
ivin
g th
e ne
ighb
ourh
ood
the
nick
nam
e‘L
ondo
n’s
Lard
er.’
The
offl
oadi
ng, t
rans
port
atio
n an
d di
stri
butio
n of
car
go a
nd t
he m
anuf
actu
re o
f edi
ble
good
s w
as v
ery
labo
ur-in
tens
ive
and
prov
ided
a lo
t of
jobs
to
the
loca
l are
a.
Th
e R
ive
r T
ham
es’
ro
le i
n L
on
do
n i
n 2
005: A
Le
isu
re A
me
nit
yIn
200
5, t
he E
YEW
ITN
ESS
LON
DO
N v
isito
r’s g
uide
(pu
blis
hed
by D
orlin
g K
inde
rsle
y) d
escr
ibed
the
Riv
er T
ham
es a
s ‘th
e ca
pita
l’s fo
rem
ost
leis
ure
amen
ity’ a
nd p
rovi
ded
info
rmat
ion
abou
t to
uris
t bo
atse
rvic
es, a
s w
ell a
s m
useu
ms
and
rest
aura
nts
loca
ted
alon
g th
e ri
vers
ide.
In L
ondo
n, t
he R
iver
Tha
mes
may
no
long
er b
e a
‘wor
king
riv
er,’
but
it do
es s
erve
an
impo
rtan
t fu
nctio
n –
as a
vis
itor
attr
actio
nan
d pl
ace
to h
ave
fun.
Dis
cuss
th
e d
efi
nit
ion
s o
f th
e t
erm
s ‘c
om
me
rcia
l’ a
nd
‘le
isu
re’:
‘Com
mer
cial
’ (ad
ject
ive)
– c
once
rnin
g bu
sine
ss; u
sed
for
finan
cial
gai
n.
‘Lei
sure
’ (no
un)
– co
ncer
ning
free
tim
e an
d fu
n.
As
a cl
ass,
mak
e a
list
of po
ssib
le r
easo
ns
why
the
role
of th
e R
iver
Tham
es c
han
ged
so m
uch
in L
ondo
n f
rom
1860 t
o 2
005.
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Engl
ish:
En3
.1a-
e, E
n3.8
,En
3.9a
+b,
En3
.11,
En3
.12
Geo
grap
hy: 1
a, 2
a, 2
c, 3
a, 3
b, 3
c,3d
, 3e,
3g,
4b,
6a,
6c,
6d
His
tory
: 2a,
2c,
2d,
5a,
5b,
6, 7
, 8a,
11a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.2
3
AC
TIV
ITY 8
A: C
ontinued
Rea
d th
e fo
llow
ing
to y
our
pupi
ls:
So
wh
y d
id r
ole
of
the
Riv
er
Th
ame
s in
Lo
nd
on
ch
ange
so
mu
ch?
Two
thin
gs w
ere
resp
onsi
ble
for
the
chan
ge: 1
) T
he R
ailw
ays
and
2) T
he a
ctiv
ities
of t
he P
ort
ofLo
ndon
Aut
hori
ty.
1. T
he
Rai
lway
sBe
fore
the
rai
lway
s w
ere
built
, tra
nspo
rtat
ion
of g
oods
rel
ied
on s
hips
. Sm
alle
r sh
ips
coul
d na
viga
tesh
allo
w w
ater
and
tra
vel u
p th
e R
iver
Tha
mes
and
doc
k at
the
Poo
l of L
ondo
n. F
rom
the
re, t
he c
argo
coul
d be
tak
en o
n sh
ort
jour
neys
by
hors
e an
d ca
rt.
Onc
e th
e ra
ilway
s w
ere
built
, how
ever
, the
y pr
ovid
ed a
net
wor
k to
mov
e go
ods
acro
ss t
he U
K. S
hips
no lo
nger
nee
ded
to c
ome
all t
he w
ay u
p th
e R
iver
Tha
mes
into
the
Poo
l of L
ondo
n. S
hips
wer
e be
ing
built
larg
er in
siz
e (t
he b
igge
r th
e sh
ip, t
he m
ore
carg
o it
coul
d ca
rry!
). T
hese
shi
ps n
eede
d de
epw
ater
por
ts, w
here
the
y co
uld
dock
and
be
offlo
aded
. Fro
m t
here
, the
car
go w
as lo
aded
ont
o tr
ains
for
tran
spor
tatio
n to
its
dest
inat
ions
.
2. T
he
Act
ivit
ies
of
the
Po
rt o
f L
on
do
n A
uth
ori
tyT
hrou
ghou
t th
e 19
th c
entu
ry, t
raffi
c on
the
Riv
er T
ham
es in
crea
sed
until
the
con
gest
ion
beca
me
apr
oble
m. T
he P
ort
of L
ondo
n A
utho
rity
was
cre
ated
in 1
909
to s
olve
the
pro
blem
. The
ir s
olut
ion?
To b
uild
a d
eep
wat
er s
hipp
ing
chan
nel a
t Tilb
ury
(25
mile
s do
wns
trea
m fr
om t
he P
ool o
f Lon
don)
,w
here
the
Riv
er T
ham
es w
as 8
00 m
etre
s w
ide.
In c
ontr
ast,
at t
he P
ool o
f Lon
don,
the
Riv
er T
ham
esw
as 6
1 m
etre
s w
ide.
The
y al
so b
uilt
a ca
rgo
jett
y at
the
Kin
g G
eorg
e V
doc
ks, a
nd in
crea
sed
the
area
of t
he L
ondo
n do
cks
by s
ix s
quar
e m
iles
by 1
925.
The
se a
nd o
ther
impr
ovem
ents
mea
nt t
hat
carg
o sh
ips
coul
d do
ck a
t Tilb
ury
and
offlo
ad t
heir
car
go.
Thi
s no
t on
ly e
ased
con
gest
ion
in t
he P
ool o
f Lon
don,
it e
nded
its
com
mer
cial
act
iviti
es it
! By
1970
,St
Kat
hari
ne D
ocks
and
the
doc
ks in
the
Poo
l of L
ondo
n w
ere
clos
ed t
o co
mm
erci
al s
hips
.
Dis
cuss
as
a C
lass
:T
he R
iver
Tha
mes
was
a r
oute
for
food
impo
rts
from
aro
und
the
wor
ld, e
spec
ially
spi
ces.
Man
y of
the
loca
lbu
ildin
gs h
ave
been
nam
ed a
fter
the
spi
ces
whi
ch w
ere
once
sto
red
ther
e.
Ask
your
pupi
ls:
Que
stio
n: D
id y
ou s
ee a
ny o
ld w
areh
ouse
s in
the
nei
ghbo
urho
od?
Que
stio
n:W
hat
wer
e so
me
of t
he n
ames
of t
he w
areh
ouse
s an
d bu
ildin
gs y
ou s
aw?
Answ
er:
Cinn
amon
Wha
rf, C
oria
nder
Wha
rf, C
umin
Wha
rf, G
inge
r Wha
rf, V
anilla
Wha
rf,
and
Tea
Trad
e Wha
rf (a
mon
g ot
hers
)
Que
stio
n:D
oes
anyb
ody
know
whe
re t
hese
spi
ces
cam
e fr
om?
Answ
er:
Cinn
amon
– In
done
siaCo
riand
er –
Nor
th A
mer
icaCu
min
– In
dia
Gin
ger
– Ch
ina
Vani
lla –
Mad
agas
car
Tea
– Sr
i Lan
ka (f
orm
erly
Ceylo
n)
Iden
tify
on a
wor
ld m
ap t
he lo
catio
n of
eac
h of
the
se p
lace
s.
con
tin
ues
...
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER6.2
4
Map
ping
Act
ivity
Usi
ng t
he W
orld
Map
Wor
kshe
et (
Item
#15
in t
his
Kit)
, ide
ntify
Lon
don
as t
he d
estin
atio
n an
d id
entif
y ea
ch o
fth
e ab
ove
coun
trie
s as
the
ori
gin
of e
ach
spic
e. D
raw
pat
hs fo
r th
e sh
ips
to t
rave
l fro
m t
heir
ori
gin
to L
ondo
n.
You
may
als
o ch
oose
to
expa
nd t
his
activ
ity t
o in
clud
e a
disc
ussi
on o
f wor
ld g
eogr
aphy
(in
clud
ing
topi
cs s
uch
as G
reen
wic
h M
erid
ian,
the
Equ
ator
, the
Tro
pics
of C
ance
r an
d C
apri
corn
, and
long
itude
and
latit
ude)
. Enc
oura
gest
uden
ts t
o do
map
-bas
ed a
ctiv
ities
on
the
Wor
ld M
ap W
orks
heet
(It
em #
15 in
thi
s K
it).
Wri
ting
Act
ivity:
The
Futu
re o
f th
e R
iver
!Im
agin
e yo
u ar
e liv
ing
in L
ondo
n 15
0 ye
ars
from
now
and
hav
e to
wri
te a
gui
debo
ok e
ntry
abo
ut t
he R
iver
Tha
mes
. Wri
te a
par
agra
ph a
bout
the
‘Riv
er T
ham
es o
f the
Fut
ure’
:
Th
ings
to
co
nsi
de
r:
•W
hat
wil
l th
e r
ole
of
the
Riv
er
Th
ame
s b
e?
•W
ill
it b
e a
co
mm
erc
ial
rive
r? O
r w
ill
it b
e a
le
isu
re a
me
nit
y?
• W
ill
the
wat
er
be
cle
an?
Wh
ich
kin
ds
of
wil
dli
fe w
ill
live
in
or
ne
ar t
he
riv
er?
•W
hat
typ
e o
f b
oat
s an
d v
ess
els
wil
l tr
ave
l al
on
g it
?
•H
ow
wil
l L
on
do
ne
rs g
et
acro
ss i
t?
•W
hat
wil
l T
ow
er
Bri
dge
be
lik
e?
AC
TIV
ITY 8
A: C
ontinued
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
AC
TIV
ITY 8
B:
MU
DLA
RK
SA
ND
TH
E P
OR
T O
F L
ON
DO
NO
bje
ctiv
es:
• To
und
erst
and
loca
l hist
ory
and
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f the
are
a to
the
ship
ping
indu
stry
• To
und
erst
and
how
poo
r chi
ldre
n m
ade
a liv
ing
from
the
Rive
r Tha
mes
in V
ictor
ian
times
Rea
d th
e fo
llow
ing
text
to y
our
clas
s:
MU
DL
AR
KIN
GIn
Vic
tori
an t
imes
, ‘mud
lark
s’ w
ere
child
ren
who
live
d in
poo
r ne
ighb
ourh
oods
and
ten
emen
ts n
ear
the
rive
r an
d hu
nted
for
valu
able
obj
ects
on
the
rive
rban
k of
the
Tha
mes
. Dur
ing
low
tid
e, t
hey
wou
ldpa
ddle
thr
ough
the
mud
on
the
shor
e –
som
etim
es u
p to
wai
st-d
eep
– an
d co
llect
wha
teve
r th
eyfo
und.
With
so
man
y bo
ats
carr
ying
so
man
y di
ffere
nt c
argo
s in
to t
he P
ool o
f Lon
don,
the
‘mud
lark
s’fo
und
piec
es o
f coa
l, ch
unks
of i
ron,
old
rop
e, a
nim
al b
ones
, dea
d bo
dies
(eek
!) an
d co
pper
nai
ls w
hich
drop
ped
from
bar
ges
near
the
riv
erba
nk. ‘M
udla
rks’
wou
ld s
ell t
he t
hing
s th
ey fo
und.
‘Mud
lark
s’ a
lso
pick
ed u
p ar
tefa
cts
whi
ch h
ad b
een
drop
ped
onto
the
riv
erba
nk fr
om t
he w
areh
ouse
san
d bu
sine
sses
whi
ch w
ere
alon
g th
e R
iver
Tha
mes
nea
r Tow
er B
ridg
e.
Man
y ‘m
udla
rks’
had
no
shoe
s; ev
en s
o, t
hey
‘lark
ed’ i
n th
e m
ud in
all
wea
ther
con
ditio
ns. M
any
‘mud
lark
s’ w
ere
scou
ndre
ls –
pad
dlin
g ou
t in
bet
wee
n co
al b
arge
s an
d w
orki
ng in
tea
ms
to k
nock
piec
es o
f coa
l fro
m t
he b
arge
into
the
mud
. The
y w
ould
the
n pi
ck u
p th
e co
al fr
om t
he m
ud a
nd s
ell
it fo
r fu
el. S
omet
imes
, the
y w
ere
caug
ht b
y th
e po
lice
and
arre
sted
as
thie
ves.
Ask
pu
pil
s to
imag
ine
they
are
‘mu
dla
rks’
in V
icto
rian
Lo
nd
on
an
d c
on
sid
er t
he
life
of
a ‘m
ud
lark
’:
Que
stio
n: W
hat
kind
s of
thi
ngs
do t
hey
thin
k th
ey m
ight
find
nea
r bo
ats
alon
g th
e ri
ver?
Que
stio
n: W
hat
kind
s of
dan
gers
mig
ht a
‘mud
lark
’ enc
ount
er a
long
the
riv
erba
nk?
Or
in t
he R
iver
Tha
mes
?Co
nsid
er: T
he d
ange
rs a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith ti
des,
wat
er, m
ud, o
ther
peo
ple,
larg
e m
ovin
g bo
ats,
anim
als,
chan
ging
wea
ther
, jagg
ed m
etal
, etc
.
Que
stio
n: W
hat
wou
ld a
‘mud
lark
’ loo
k lik
e at
the
end
of t
he d
ay?
Art
Act
ivity:
Ask
pup
ils t
o dr
aw a
pic
ture
of w
hat
they
imag
ine
a ‘m
udla
rk’ m
ight
look
like
.
Journ
al A
ctiv
ity:
Ask
pup
ils t
o im
agin
e m
ore
of w
hat
ever
yday
life
was
like
for
a ‘m
udla
rk’.
Kee
p a
diar
y fo
r on
e w
eek
whi
chim
agin
es a
nd d
escr
ibes
the
life
of a
‘mud
lark
’ and
his
or
her
expe
rien
ces.
Ext
ensi
on A
ctiv
ity:
Mode
rn
Mudla
rks
!A
sk p
upils
to
imag
ine
they
are
mod
ern
‘mud
lark
s’. W
hat
sort
of t
hing
s w
ould
you
find
alo
ng t
he T
ham
es r
iver
bank
now
?
For
Furt
her
Exp
lora
tion:
Con
tact
the
Tha
mes
Disc
over
y Pr
ogra
mm
e at
ww
w.th
ames
disc
over
y.org
. Tha
mes
Disc
over
y Pr
ogra
mm
e or
gani
ses
‘mud
lark
ing’
arc
haeo
logi
cal e
vent
s al
ong
the
Riv
er T
ham
es.
6.2
5
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
1b,
2c,
5a
Engl
ish:
En3
.1a-
e, E
n3.8
, En3
.9a,
En3.
12G
eogr
aphy
: 1a,
2a,
3a,
3d,
3e,
4b, 6
a,6c
, 6d,
6e,
7a
His
tory
: 2a,
2b,
6, 8
a, 1
1a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
AC
TIV
ITY 9
A: TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
:W
ITN
ESS T
O H
ISTO
RY
Ob
ject
ive
:•
To re
late
the
hist
ory
of To
wer
Brid
ge to
loca
l, nat
iona
l and
glo
bal h
istor
ic ev
ents
in th
e19
th a
nd 2
0th
cent
urie
s
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• ‘M
y Visi
t to
Tow
er B
ridge
’ Wor
kshe
et (
Item
#5
in t
his
Kit)
• Illu
stra
ted
Lond
on N
ews A
rtic
le (
Item
#8
in t
his
Kit)
Ask
eac
h p
upi
l to
:R
evie
w t
heir
wor
kshe
ets
from
you
r vi
sit
to T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n.
Tim
elin
e A
ctiv
ity:
Ask
pu
pil
s to
co
nsi
der
To
wer
Bri
dge
as
a w
itn
ess
to
ove
r 10
0 ye
ars
of
Lo
nd
on
an
d W
orl
d H
isto
ry.
Firs
t, m
ake
a la
rge
timel
ine
for
your
cla
ssro
om w
all,
with
188
6 as
the
firs
t da
te. T
his
is t
he d
ate
Tow
er B
ridg
ew
as s
tart
ed. T
he la
st d
ate
on y
our
timel
ine
shou
ld b
e th
e cu
rren
t ye
ar!
Dra
w il
lust
ratio
ns o
f the
con
stru
ctio
n of
Tow
er B
ridg
e (s
ee A
ctiv
ity 3
A)
and
add
thos
e to
the
tim
elin
e be
twee
n18
86 a
nd 1
894.
Dra
w a
n ill
ustr
atio
n of
the
offi
cial
ope
ning
of T
ower
Bri
dge
and
add
that
dra
win
g to
the
tim
elin
eon
the
dat
e 18
94.
Con
side
r hi
stor
ic e
vent
s th
at o
ccur
red
in t
he 1
9th
and
20th
cen
turi
es in
Lon
don,
the
UK
and
acr
oss
the
wor
ld.
Ask
pup
ils t
o ch
oose
an
hist
oric
eve
nt a
nd t
o ill
ustr
ate
it. A
dd t
hose
eve
nts
to y
our
timel
ine.
Pup
ils w
ill s
eeTo
wer
Bri
dge
in c
onte
xt w
ith lo
cal,
natio
nal a
nd in
tern
atio
nal h
isto
ric
even
ts.
So
me
His
tori
cal
Eve
nts
to
Ge
t Y
ou
Th
ink
ing:
Thi
s is
just
a li
st o
f sug
gest
ions
. You
cou
ld b
rain
stor
m e
ven
mor
e ev
ents
whi
ch h
ave
occu
rred
sin
ce 1
886.
Per
haps
ther
e ar
e lo
cal h
isto
ry e
vent
s or
fam
ous
peop
le w
hom
you
’d li
ke t
o in
clud
e in
you
r tim
elin
e. P
erha
ps y
ou c
ould
incl
ude
your
pup
ils’ b
irth
date
s in
you
r tim
elin
e.
Ext
ensi
on A
ctiv
ity:
Use
the
inte
rnet
to
rese
arch
the
dat
es o
f any
eve
nts
or p
eopl
e th
at y
ou w
ant
to a
dd t
o yo
ur t
imel
ine.
6.2
6
Lo
nd
on
His
tory
1898
:Lo
ndon
’s fir
st e
scal
ator
1932
:La
mbe
th B
ridg
e op
ens
1940
:A
ir r
aids
beg
in o
n Lo
ndon
(Sec
ond
Wor
ld W
ar)
1945
: La
st V
2 ro
cket
att
ack
on L
ondo
n19
66:
Engl
and
win
the
Wor
ld C
up20
00:
The
Lon
don
Eye
was
fini
shed
2005
:Lo
ndon
win
s th
e bi
d to
hos
t th
e20
12 S
umm
er O
lym
pics
UK
/ W
orl
d H
isto
ry19
01:
Que
en V
icto
ria
dies
1922
:T
he B
BC b
egin
s ra
dio
tran
smis
sion
s19
53:
Que
en E
lizab
eth
II w
ascr
owne
d at
St
Paul
’sC
athe
dral
1969
:Lu
nar
Land
ing
of A
pollo
11
1990
:N
elso
n M
ande
la is
rel
ease
dfr
om p
riso
n in
Sou
th A
fric
a20
08:
Bara
ck O
bam
a is
ele
cted
Pres
iden
t of
the
USA
To
we
r B
rid
ge H
isto
ry18
86:
Tow
er B
ridg
e is
sta
rted
1894
: To
wer
Bri
dge
is fi
nish
ed19
12:
A p
lane
flie
s un
dern
eath
the
high
leve
l wal
kway
s of
the
brid
ge19
52:
A L
ondo
n do
uble
deck
er b
usju
mps
the
bas
cule
s20
09:
Rob
bie
Mas
on ju
mps
the
basc
ules
on
his
mot
orcy
cle
2009
to
2012
: Tow
er B
ridg
e is
reno
vate
d an
d re
pain
ted
con
tin
ues
...
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a
Engl
ish:
En3
.1a-
e, E
n3.8
, En3
.9a,
En3.
11, E
n3.1
2H
isto
ry: 1
a, 1
b, 4
a, 5
a, 5
b, 5
c, 6
,8a
, 11a
ICT
: 1a,
3a,
5a
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
EX
HIB
ITIO
N: C
lass
room
Act
ivitie
s
AFT
ER
Cre
ativ
e W
riting
Act
ivity:
Ask
pup
ils t
o re
fer
to t
he t
imel
ine
and
imag
ine
Tow
er B
ridg
e co
uld
tell
its o
wn
stor
y! A
sk p
upils
to
choo
se o
neof
the
se t
itles
and
wri
te a
n es
say
from
the
vie
wpo
int
of T
ower
Bri
dge:
• M
y, oh
my!
How
the
Nei
ghbo
urho
od h
as C
hang
ed!
• M
y Sc
arie
st D
ay
• Th
e Th
ings
I Li
ke A
bout
Lon
don
• D
ear
Dia
ry...
You
’ll N
ever
Bel
ieve
Wha
t Hap
pene
d To
day
• M
y 10
0th
Birt
hday
Par
ty
• M
y M
akeo
ver
(ren
ovat
ion
in 2
009
- 201
2)
• I F
elt P
roud
to S
ee T
hat!
• I W
ould
Lik
e to
Tel
l You
a S
tory
Abo
ut...
AC
TIV
ITY 9
B: TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
AN
D T
HE
BR
IDG
ES
OF T
HE
WO
RLD
Ob
ject
ive
:•
To in
vest
igat
e el
emen
ts o
f suc
cess
ful b
ridge
des
ign
Re
qu
ire
d R
eso
urc
es:
• Im
ages
of d
iffer
ent
brid
ges
(sou
rced
from
you
r ow
n m
ater
ials
or o
nlin
e)•
Brid
ges
of t
he W
orld
Info
rmat
ion
Shee
t (It
em #
10 in
thi
s Ki
t)
As
a cl
ass,
dis
cuss
:T
he
Bu
ild
er M
agaz
ine
de
scri
be
d H
ora
ce J
on
es’
ori
gin
al d
esi
gn f
or
To
we
r B
rid
ge a
s ‘s
imp
le b
ut
imp
ress
ive
’. D
o y
ou
agr
ee
? W
hy
or
wh
y n
ot?
Ask
pupi
ls t
o:
• R
evi
ew
th
e B
rid
ges
of
the
Wo
rld
In
form
atio
n S
he
et
and
mak
e a
lis
t o
f th
efe
atu
res
of
eac
h b
rid
ge t
hat
th
ey
thin
k a
re a
ttra
ctiv
e o
r im
pre
ssiv
e.
• C
ho
ose
th
e b
rid
ge t
hey
thin
k b
est
fit
s th
e d
esc
rip
tio
n: ‘
sim
ple
bu
t im
pre
ssiv
e’.
Imag
ine
thei
r ch
oice
is t
o be
ent
ered
in a
‘Mos
t Im
pres
sive
Bri
dge
in t
he W
orld
’ com
petit
ion.
Wri
te a
sho
rt d
escr
iptio
n of
the
ir c
hoic
e. D
escr
ibe
the
colo
ur, s
hape
and
line
s.
• P
rep
are
to
te
ll t
he
cla
ss w
hy
the
ir b
rid
ge i
s th
e m
ost
im
pre
ssiv
e.
• T
hin
k a
bo
ut
a p
lace
th
at n
ee
ds
a b
rid
ge a
nd
dra
w a
de
sign
th
at i
s ‘s
imp
le b
ut
imp
ress
ive
’.
As
a cl
ass,
dis
cuss
:C
ompa
re d
raw
ings
whe
n th
ey a
re fi
nish
ed. W
ho h
as a
goo
d co
mbi
natio
n of
col
our,
shap
e an
d lin
es t
hat
mak
esfit
s th
e de
scri
ptio
n ‘s
impl
e bu
t im
pres
sive
’?
AC
TIV
ITY 9
A: C
ontinued
6.2
7
Nat
ion
al C
urr
icu
lum
Lin
ks:
Key
Sta
ge 2
Art
and
Des
ign:
1a,
1b,
2a,
2b,
2c,
3a, 4
a, 4
b, 5
a, 5
dD
esig
n an
d T
echn
olog
y: 1
a, 3
c
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES CURRICULUM LINKS INDEXAFT
ER
6A
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
Hor
ace
Jon
es
desi
gned T
ower
Bri
dge
,
but
he d
ied b
efo
re it
was
finis
hed. If
he
d h
ad h
is w
ay,
the b
ridge
wou
ld b
e
clad in r
ed b
rick
.
It t
ook
8 y
ears
to
build
Tow
er
Bri
dge
. It
too
k fo
ur
years
just
to
build
the p
iers
!
The t
otal co
st f
or T
ower
Bri
dge
was
£1 m
illio
n in 1
894 —
£11
0 m
illio
n in t
oday
s m
oney.
Tow
er
Bri
dge
has
14,0
00 t
ons
of m
eta
l and 3
1 m
illio
n b
rick
s.
Tow
er B
ridge
has
2 m
illio
n r
ivet
s; e
very
sin
gle
rive
t w
as h
and d
rive
n.
Riv
ete
rs o
n t
he h
igh leve
l w
alk
ways
wor
ked 4
2 m
etr
es
abo
ve t
he
rive
r, w
ithou
t any
safe
ty n
ets
!
Tow
er
Bri
dge
was
calle
d
the W
onder
Bri
dge
. W
ith its
basc
ule
s, s
usp
ensi
on c
hain
s
and s
team
engi
nes,
it
was
a m
arv
el of
Vic
tori
an e
ngi
neeri
ng.
Mor
e t
han 4
0,0
00 v
ehic
les
cros
s To
wer
Bri
dge
eve
ry d
ay!
TO
WE
R B
RID
GE
: F
AC
TS &
FIG
UR
ES
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es K
it,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Res
ourc
e de
sign
ed b
y G
uy F
oxLi
mite
d. G
uy F
ox L
imite
d is
par
t of
Guy
Fox
His
tory
Pro
ject
, an
educ
atio
nal c
hari
ty w
hich
cre
ates
inno
vativ
e pu
blic
atio
ns fo
r ch
ildre
n.To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. C
opyr
ight
© 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
RESO
URCE
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
RESO
URCE Pr
inte
d fr
om “
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion:
Edu
catio
nal A
ctiv
ities
& R
esou
rces
Kit,
” a
FREE
Tea
cher
s R
esou
rce
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, vi
sit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. C
opyr
ight
© 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
Fro
m T
HE
ILLU
STR
ATE
D L
ON
DO
N N
EW
SJu
ly 1
894
TH
E N
EW T
OW
ER B
RID
GE.
The
mag
nifi
cent
and
mos
t use
ful s
truc
ture
whi
ch w
as o
pene
d fo
r pu
blic
acc
omm
odat
ion
on S
atur
day,
Jun
e 30
, by
his
Roy
al H
ighn
ess
the
Prin
ce o
f Wal
es, o
n be
half
of h
er M
ajes
ty th
e Q
ueen
, has
bee
n ei
ght y
ears
in p
rogr
ess.
Lon
gbe
fore
June
21,
1886
, whe
n th
e Pr
ince
of W
ales
laid
the
foun
datio
n of
the
Tow
er B
ridg
e, th
ere
had
been
muc
h di
scus
sion
of th
e be
st m
eans
of r
elie
ving
the
imm
ense
traf
fic
acro
ss th
e T
ham
es b
etw
een
the
sout
hern
and
nor
ther
n si
des,
augm
ente
d by
the
larg
e co
ntri
butio
ns fr
om th
e B
righ
ton
and
Sout
h-Ea
ster
n R
ailw
ays.
The
Bri
dge
Hou
se E
stat
esC
omm
ittee
of t
he C
ity C
orpo
ratio
n ca
me
forw
ard,
and
, ado
ptin
g th
e gr
and
conc
eptio
n of
a b
ascu
le b
ridg
e de
sign
edby
the
City
arc
hite
ct, t
he la
te S
ir H
orac
e Jo
nes,
devo
ted
the
sum
of £
750,
000
to it
s er
ectio
n, w
ith s
ome
furt
her
year
lygr
ants
for
the
mai
nten
ance
of i
ts e
ngin
e an
d hy
drau
lic p
ower
and
lift
s. M
r. Jo
hn W
olfe
Bar
ry h
avin
g be
en a
ssoc
iate
dw
ith th
e un
dert
akin
g as
eng
inee
r, w
ork
has
gone
forw
ard
unin
terr
upte
dly.
Tw
o co
ntra
cts
wer
e ta
ken
by M
r. Ja
ckso
nfo
r th
e fo
unda
tions
of t
he p
iers
and
the
nort
hern
app
roac
h, a
nd th
at fo
r th
e so
uthe
rn a
ppro
ach
by M
r. W
ebst
er; a
lso
cont
ract
s by
Sir
Will
iam
Arr
ol a
nd C
o., t
he b
uild
ers
of th
e Fo
rth
Brid
ge, f
or th
e st
eel s
truc
ture
; and
for
the
mac
hine
ryby
Sir
Will
iam
Arm
stro
ng a
nd C
o. T
he m
ason
ry o
f the
tow
ers
was
und
erta
ken
by M
essr
s. Pe
rry.
The
tota
l len
gth
of th
e br
idge
, whi
ch is
leve
l fro
m o
ne a
butm
ent t
o th
e ot
her,
is 9
40 ft
., w
hile
the
cent
re o
f the
riv
eris
left
ope
n fo
r a
wat
erw
ay fo
r sh
ips
avai
labl
e at
all
tim
es fo
r th
eir
pass
age,
and
nev
er to
be
clos
ed a
gain
st th
em e
xcep
tfo
r a
few
min
utes
whi
lst v
ehic
les
are
cros
sing
the
brid
ge.
Thi
sce
ntra
l wat
erw
ay, o
r ìop
enin
g sp
an,’
is 2
00 ft
. wid
e fr
om th
e tw
obu
ttre
sses
, or
pier
s, on
e on
eac
hsi
de, w
hich
car
ry tw
o lo
fty
tow
ers.
At t
he u
pper
par
t of t
hese
tow
ers
ther
e is
a li
ght b
ut s
ubst
antia
lla
ttic
e br
idge
for
foot
-pas
seng
ers
at a
hei
ght o
f 140
ft. a
bove
hig
hw
ater
; and
from
the
tow
ers a
re la
idth
e su
spen
sion
gir
ders
, one
to th
eno
rth
and
one
to th
e so
uth
abut
men
t. T
hese
gir
ders
sup
port
the
fixe
d po
rtio
ns o
f the
low
-leve
lbr
idge
, bet
wee
n th
e pi
ers
of th
eto
wer
s an
d th
e sh
ores
on
each
sid
eof
the
rive
r, so
as
to c
over
the
two
side
spa
ns, 2
70 ft
. in
leng
th; t
hecl
ear
head
way
from
hig
h w
ater
toun
ders
ide
of th
ese
span
s be
ing
27ft
. A
t eac
h ab
utm
ent i
s a
shor
ter
tow
er, o
ver
whi
ch th
e su
spen
sion
cha
ins
are
pass
ed, a
nd a
re a
ncho
red
som
e 40
ft.
deep
in e
norm
ous
bloc
ks o
f con
cret
e in
the
grou
nd b
eyon
d. I
t will
be
seen
, the
refo
re, t
hat t
he o
nly
port
ion
of th
ebr
idge
whi
ch o
pens
is th
e ba
scul
e po
rtio
n ov
er th
e ce
ntra
l wat
erw
ay.
Thi
s co
nsis
ts o
f tw
o le
aves
of i
ron
road
way
, eac
h10
0 ft
. lon
g, a
nd a
bout
50
ft. w
ide.
Eac
h le
af o
r ba
scul
e is
piv
otte
d [s
ic] o
n a
huge
ste
el p
ivot
sha
ft, 3
4 in
. in
diam
eter
,ex
tend
ing
from
sid
e to
sid
e of
the
road
way
on
the
pier
. T
he p
ier
road
way
is c
arri
ed o
n ei
ght l
ongi
tudi
nal g
irde
rs, a
ndth
e ro
adw
ay o
f the
bas
cule
leaf
is c
arri
ed o
n fo
ur g
irde
rs, w
hich
pas
s in
inte
rspa
ces
of th
e ei
ght g
irde
rs.
The
se fo
urgi
rder
s ar
e pr
olon
ged
46 ft
. bey
ond
the
pivo
t-sha
ft, a
nd th
eir
shor
ter
ends
hav
e be
en lo
aded
to a
cou
nter
pois
e w
ithth
e ba
scul
e its
elf.
Pin
ions
on
shaf
ts c
onne
cted
to th
e hy
drau
lic e
ngin
es a
re a
rran
ged
to w
ork
agai
nst r
ack-
quad
rant
s,an
d th
e le
af c
an b
e ra
ised
ver
tical
ly, o
r lo
wer
ed h
oriz
onta
lly,
ste
adily
, and
und
er p
erfe
ct c
ontr
ol.
To
prov
ide
due
secu
rity
ther
e ar
e tw
o hy
drau
lic e
ngin
es –
one
for
gene
ral s
ervi
ce a
nd th
e ot
her
for
use
in b
oist
erou
s w
eath
er.
The
seba
scul
es h
ave
the
like
cons
truc
tion
on b
oth
pier
s.
The
sin
king
of t
he fo
unda
tions
of t
he p
iers
and
the
build
ing
of th
e m
ason
ry s
uper
stru
ctur
e ab
ove
wat
er h
ave
invo
lved
very
inte
rest
ing
oper
atio
ns.
The
dep
th o
f wat
er o
n th
e si
tes
of th
e tw
o pi
ers
is a
bout
33
ft. f
rom
hig
h-w
ater
dat
um to
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es K
it,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Res
ourc
e de
sign
ed b
y G
uy F
ox L
imite
d.G
uy F
ox L
imite
d is
par
t of
Guy
Fox
His
tory
Pro
ject
, an
educ
atio
nal c
hari
ty w
hich
cre
ates
inno
vativ
e pu
blic
atio
ns fo
r ch
ildre
n. T
o le
arn
abou
tou
r w
ork,
visi
t w
ww
.guy
fox.
org.
uk.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
201
0, G
uy F
ox L
imite
d. A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d. D
uplic
atio
n is
per
mitt
ed fo
r ed
ucat
iona
l use
onl
y.
the
rive
r be
d. T
o se
cure
ade
quat
e fo
unda
tions
, iro
n ca
isso
ns, e
ach
abou
t 12
ft. s
quar
e, w
ere
plac
ed in
a r
ow, w
ith 2
ft.
spac
es b
etw
een
each
cai
sson
, and
at e
ach
end
was
one
of a
ngle
d fo
rm.
Such
a s
erie
s of
cai
sson
s pr
ovid
ed fo
r on
e si
deof
the
pier
. A
sim
ilar
seri
es, 2
ft. a
part
, was
pro
vide
d fo
r th
e ot
her
side
. T
imbe
r pi
les
wer
e ne
xt d
rive
n do
wn
in th
e 2
ft. i
nter
spac
es, a
nd th
e pl
ates
wer
e re
mov
ed fr
om th
e co
ntig
uous
sid
es o
f the
cai
sson
s. T
he w
hole
then
bec
ame
anir
on d
am, f
rom
whi
ch th
e in
teri
or c
ore
of g
rave
l and
soi
l was
cle
ared
out
by
dive
rs a
nd b
y a
Prie
stm
an m
echa
nica
ldi
gger
; the
n, a
t ove
r 27
ft. d
epth
in th
e ri
ver
bed,
the
dam
was
und
erpi
nned
and
an
infi
llin
g of
con
cret
e w
as m
ade
toa
heig
ht o
f 19
ft.
Abo
ve th
is w
ere
laid
cou
rses
of b
lue
bric
ks a
nd th
en o
f gra
nite
mas
onry
set
bac
k te
n or
mor
e fe
etto
form
the
visi
ble
base
of t
he to
wer
, bei
ng 7
0 ft
. in
leng
th a
nd 3
4 ft
. acr
oss.
Fro
m th
is p
latf
orm
of m
ason
ry r
ise
onea
ch p
ier
four
eno
rmou
s ho
llow
ste
el c
olum
ns, w
hich
are
car
ried
up
100
ft. o
r m
ore,
to th
e he
ight
of t
he u
nder
side
of th
e hi
gh-le
vel f
ootb
ridg
e, 1
40 ft
. abo
ve h
igh
wat
er.
The
cro
ss g
irde
rs, w
ith th
e hu
ge s
uspe
nsio
n gi
rder
s, be
ing
atta
ched
to th
e co
lum
ns, b
ind
toge
ther
the
who
le o
f the
ste
el a
nd ir
on w
ork
from
sid
e to
sid
e of
the
rive
r. T
hear
chite
ctur
al m
ason
ry r
ises
from
the
sam
e pl
atfo
rm a
s th
e st
eel c
olum
ns, a
nd h
as b
een
fill
ed in
bet
wee
n th
e st
eelw
ork;
a gr
eat p
ortio
n of
it is
bor
ne u
pon
the
floo
r-gi
rder
s. A
ltog
ethe
r, th
e pi
nnac
les
and
arch
itect
ural
det
ails
att
ain
a he
ight
som
e 60
or
70 ft
. abo
ve th
e fo
otbr
idge
. T
he c
arry
ing
of th
is h
igh-
leve
l lat
tice
brid
ge a
cros
s a
gap
of 2
00 ft
. by
trea
ting
its to
p an
d bo
ttom
rai
ls a
s bo
oms
is, i
n its
way
, are
mar
kabl
e ac
hiev
emen
t. T
he b
oile
rs a
nd tw
o st
eam
-pu
mpi
ng e
ngin
es h
ave
been
ere
cted
on
the
shor
e si
deof
the
sout
hern
abu
tmen
t; th
ey a
re e
ach
of 3
60-h
orse
pow
er.
The
hyd
raul
ic p
ress
ure
here
obt
aine
d is
conn
ecte
d by
pip
es w
ith s
ix a
ccum
ulat
ors,
calc
ulat
edto
mai
ntai
n a
pres
sure
on
the
hydr
aulic
eng
ines
of
1000
lb. o
n th
e sq
uare
inch
; but
the
pres
sure
will
ordi
nari
ly b
e us
ed a
t 700
lb. T
wo
of th
ese
accu
mul
ator
sar
e pl
aced
in th
e so
uthe
rn a
butm
ent a
nd tw
o in
conv
enie
nt c
ham
bers
in e
ach
pier
. T
heir
dut
y, b
esid
esra
isin
g or
low
erin
g th
e ba
scul
es, i
s to
wor
k a
pass
enge
rlif
t in
each
tow
er, s
ome
14 ft
. by
6 ft
. in
size
, cap
able
of e
leva
ting
thir
ty p
erso
ns, a
nd th
ere
is a
lso
a st
airc
ase.
As
an e
ngin
eeri
ng c
ombi
natio
n gr
eat i
ngen
uity
issh
own
in th
e co
ntri
vanc
e of
the
Tow
er B
ridg
e.
RESO
URCE
TH
E I
LLU
STR
ATE
D L
ON
DO
N N
EW
S (
Continued
- P
age
2)
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
RESO
URCE Pr
inte
d fr
om “
Tow
er B
ridg
e Ex
hibi
tion:
Edu
catio
nal A
ctiv
ities
& R
esou
rces
Kit,
” a
FREE
Tea
cher
s R
esou
rce
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, vi
sit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. C
opyr
ight
© 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
TYPE
S O
F B
RID
GE
STher
e ar
e th
ree
basi
c ty
pes
of br
idge
const
ruct
ion:
Bea
m B
ridg
eA
rig
id h
oriz
onta
l bea
m w
hich
res
ts o
n tw
o su
ppor
ts,
one
at e
ach
end.
The
ent
ire
wei
ght
of t
he b
ridg
e an
dth
e lo
ad is
bor
ne b
y th
e su
ppor
ts.
Forc
es: T
he w
eigh
t pu
shes
dow
nwar
d (in
the
dir
ectio
nof
gra
vity
).
Arc
h B
ridg
eA
sem
i-cir
cula
r st
ruct
ure
with
abu
tmen
ts o
n ea
ch e
nd.
The
arc
h (s
emi-c
ircle
) div
erts
the
wei
ght f
rom
the
brid
gede
ck t
o th
e ab
utm
ents
.
Forc
es: A
rch
brid
ges
are
unde
r co
mpr
essi
on.
The
wei
ght
of c
ompr
essi
on is
pus
hed
outw
ard
alon
gth
e cu
rve
of t
he a
rch
tow
ard
the
abut
men
ts.
arch
bri
dge
can
span
up
to 2
40 t
o 30
0 m
etre
s.
Susp
ensi
on B
ridg
eA
sus
pens
ion
brid
ge h
as a
roa
dway
whi
ch is
sus
pend
edfr
om c
able
s (o
r ro
pes
or s
trin
gs).
Mod
ern
susp
ensi
onbr
idge
s ha
ve t
wo
tall
tow
ers
thro
ugh
whi
ch c
able
s ar
est
rung
. Thu
s, t
he t
ower
s su
ppor
t th
e ro
adw
ay’s
wei
ght.
Forc
es: T
he fo
rce
of c
ompr
essi
on p
ushe
s do
wn
on t
hesu
spen
sion
bri
dge'
s de
ck, b
ut b
ecau
se it
is a
sus
pend
edro
adw
ay, t
he c
able
s tr
ansf
er t
he c
ompr
essi
on t
o th
eto
wer
s, w
hich
dis
sipa
te t
he c
ompr
essi
on d
irec
tly in
to t
he p
iers
whe
re t
hey
are
firm
ly e
ntre
nche
d.
Span
: A s
uspe
nsio
n br
idge
can
spa
n up
to
2,10
0 m
etre
s.
Ph
ysic
al F
orc
es
in B
rid
ges:
Co
mp
ress
ion
and
te
nsi
on
are
pre
sent
in a
ll br
idge
s.
Whe
n th
e fo
rce
of c
om
pre
ssio
n is
too
str
ong,
the
obj
ect
‘buc
kles
.’ W
hen
the
forc
e of
te
nsi
on
is t
oost
rong
, the
obj
ect
‘sna
ps.’
The
bes
t w
ay t
o de
al w
ith c
om
pre
ssio
n a
nd t
en
sio
n is
to
‘dis
sip
ate
’ the
m o
r to
‘tra
nsf
er’
the
m.
To
dis
sip
ate
forc
e, t
he b
ridg
e de
sign
dis
trib
utes
it o
ver
a gr
eate
r ar
ea; t
his
mea
ns t
he fo
rce
isn’
tco
ncen
trat
ed o
n on
e pa
rt o
f the
bri
dge.
An
Arc
h Br
idge
is a
goo
d ex
ampl
e of
dis
sip
atio
n.
To
tran
sfer
forc
e, th
e br
idge
des
ign
mus
t mov
e th
e fo
rce
from
an
area
of w
eakn
ess
to a
n ar
ea o
f str
engt
h.A
Sus
pens
ion
Brid
ge is
a g
ood
exam
ple
of t
ran
sfe
ren
ce.
Beam
Bri
dge
Arc
h Br
idge
Susp
ensi
on B
ridg
e
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es K
it,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Res
ourc
e de
sign
ed b
y G
uy F
ox L
imite
d.G
uy F
ox L
imite
d is
par
t of
Guy
Fox
His
tory
Pro
ject
, an
educ
atio
nal c
hari
ty w
hich
cre
ates
inno
vativ
e pu
blic
atio
ns fo
r ch
ildre
n. T
o le
arn
abou
tou
r w
ork,
visi
t w
ww
.guy
fox.
org.
uk.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
201
0, G
uy F
ox L
imite
d. A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d. D
uplic
atio
n is
per
mitt
ed fo
r ed
ucat
iona
l use
onl
y.
BR
IDG
ES O
F T
HE
WO
RLD
Th
e G
old
en
Gat
e B
rid
ge,
San
Fra
nci
sco
, U
SA
Su
spe
nsi
on
Bri
dge
The
wor
ld’s
long
est
susp
ensi
on b
ridg
e w
hen
it w
as b
uilt
in19
37, t
he G
olde
n G
ate
Brid
ge w
as p
aint
ed “
Inte
rnat
iona
lO
rang
e” t
o en
hanc
e vi
sibi
lity.
Imag
e ©
cop
yrig
ht R
ich
Nie
wir
oski
Jr. U
sed
with
the
per
mis
sion
.
Syd
ne
y H
arb
ou
r B
rid
ge,
Au
stra
lia
Be
am B
rid
ge
Thi
s br
idge
, nic
knam
ed t
he ‘C
oath
ange
r’ b
ecau
se o
f its
shap
e, r
emai
ns t
he lo
nges
t si
ngle
-spa
n br
idge
in t
he w
orld
.Im
age
© c
opyr
ight
noo
dles
nack
s.co
m.
Th
e N
ew
Riv
er
Go
rge
Bri
dge
, W
est
Vir
gin
iaA
rch
Bri
dge
Thi
s br
idge
is t
he s
econ
d-hi
ghes
t in
the
wor
ld. M
oney
was
save
d in
its
cons
truc
tion
by n
ot p
aint
ing
it w
hich
giv
es it
adi
stin
ctiv
e ap
pear
ance
. Pho
togr
aph
by W
ikip
edia
Use
r Ja
Ga.
Publ
ishe
d un
der
the
GN
U F
ree
Doc
umen
tatio
n Li
cens
e.
Th
e I
ron
Bri
dge
, S
hro
psh
ire
, U
nit
ed
Kin
gdo
mA
rch
Bri
dge
The
wor
ld's
first
cas
t ir
on b
ridg
e w
as b
uilt
over
the
Riv
erSe
vern
at C
oalb
rook
dale
in 1
779.
Imag
e ©
cop
yrig
ht R
oger
Cav
e. U
sed
with
per
mis
sion
.
Jam
un
a B
rid
ge,
Ban
glad
esh
Be
am B
rid
ge
The
Jam
una
Brid
ge e
stab
lishe
d a
stra
tegi
c lin
k be
twee
n th
eea
ster
n an
d w
este
rn p
arts
of B
angl
ades
h. T
he b
ridg
e is
loca
ted
on th
e A
sian
Hig
hway
and
the
Tra
ns-A
sian
Rai
lway
whi
ch, w
hen
fully
dev
elop
ed, w
ill p
rovi
de u
nint
erru
pted
inte
rnat
iona
l roa
d an
d ra
ilway
link
s fr
om S
outh
-eas
t A
sia
to N
orth
-wes
t Eu
rope
. Im
age
from
Wik
iped
ia.c
om.
Publ
ishe
d un
der
the
Att
ribu
tion-
Shar
e A
like
1.0
Gen
eric
Lice
nse.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
RESO
URCE
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition : Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
Tower Bridge: Diagram of Forces
Gravity
CompressionTension TensionTension TensionTensionTension
Gravity Gravity
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge did this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES WERE RAISEDRE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part ofGuy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
Coal was put intoa Boiler.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge did this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES WERE RAISEDRE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part ofGuy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The boiler creates steam which powered the Steam Engines.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge did this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES WERE RAISEDRE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part ofGuy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The Steam Engines created pressurised water whichwas stored in Accumulators.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge did this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES WERE RAISEDRE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part ofGuy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The pressurised water waspumped through HydraulicPipes to the Accumulatorsin the piers.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge did this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES WERE RAISEDRE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part ofGuy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The pressurised waterpowered the BasculeSteam Engine.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge did this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES WERE RAISEDRE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part ofGuy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The Bridge Operator pulledthe levers, which started theBascule Engines.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge did this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES WERE RAISEDRE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part ofGuy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The BasculeEnginesprovide energyto turn thegears (yellow)which lift theBascules.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge does this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES ARE RAISED (Now)RE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition : Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy FoxHistory Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The Bridge Operatorpulls a lever, whichsends an impulse tothe Bascule Engine.
The Control Cabinis located on thedownstream sideof the North Pier.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge does this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES ARE RAISED (Now)RE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition : Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy FoxHistory Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The Bascule Enginesupplies energy toturn the Gears.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Where in the bridge does this happen?
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
HOW THE BASCULES ARE RAISED (Now)RE
SOURC
E
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition : Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy FoxHistory Project, an educational charity which creates innovative publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk.
Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
The Gears(yellow) rotateand lift theBascule.
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
VICTORIAN MAP OF LONDON IN 1843 Drawn & engraved by H.R. Davies. Published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.
Copyright ' David Rumsey Map Collection, www.davidrumsey.com. Reprinted with the kind permission of David Rumsey.Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovative
publications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2010, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
RESO
URCE
60S
50S
40S
30S
20S
10S
0
10N
20N
30N
40N
50N
60N
70N
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator
Greenland
Antarctica
Bangkok
Cairo
Beijing
Accra
Tripoli
Dodoma
Canada
United States
UnitedStates
Chile
Iceland
UnitedKingdom
Portugal
China
Egypt
Thailand
Chittagong
SriLanka
Madagascar
Tanzania
Libya
Ghana
Antarctica
Singapore
40W 30W 20W 10W 0 10E 20E 30E 40E 50E 60E 70E 80E 90E 100E 110E 120E 13170W 50W60W70W80W90W100W110W120W130W140W150W160W
Venezuela
VancouverCanada
Halifax
Valparaiso
Lisbon
London
SouthAfrica
PortSucre
Baltimore
Colombo
Bangladesh
Manjanjary
Cape Town
AtlanticOcean
PacificOcean
IndianOcean
ArabianSea
ArcticOcean
ArcticOcean
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: EducationalActivities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed byGuy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy FoxHistory Project, an educational charity which createsinnovative publications for children. To learn about ourwork, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2010, Guy FoxLimited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted foreducational use only.
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
IMA
GE
LIB
RA
RY
RESO
URCE Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
Imag
e fr
om t
he L
ondo
n M
etro
polit
an A
rchi
ves.
Use
d w
ith p
erm
issi
on.
Des
ign for
New
Riv
er C
ross
ing:
Tunnel
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
Image from the London Metropolitan Archives. Used with permission.
Design for New River Crossing: High Level Bridge
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
London Metropolitan Archives Credit. Used with permission.
Design for New River Crossing: Vertical Lift Bridge
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
Image from the London Metropolitan Archives. Used with permission.
Design for New River Crossing: Rotating Bridge
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Image from the London Metropolitan Archives. Used with permission.
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
Original Drawings: Abutment Towers
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Image from the London Metropolitan Archives. Used with permission.
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
Original Drawings: Abutment Towers
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Image supplied by Tower Bridge Exhibition. Used with permission.
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
How they Built Tower Bridge: High Level Walkways
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Image supplied by Tower Bridge Exhibition. Used with permission.
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
How they Built Tower Bridge: Suspension Chains
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Image supplied by Tower Bridge Exhibition. Used with permission.
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
How they Built Tower Bridge: September 1892
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
TOWER BRIDGE EXHIBITION: Educational Activities & Resources Kit
IMAGE LIBRARYRESO
URCE
Image from Wikipedia. Used with permission.
Printed from “Tower Bridge Exhibition: Educational Activities & Resources,” a FREE Teachers Kit designed by Guy Fox Limited. Guy Fox Limited is part of Guy Fox History Project, an educational charity which creates innovativepublications for children. To learn about our work, visit www.guyfox.org.uk. Copyright 2009, Guy Fox Limited. All rights reserved. Duplication is permitted for educational use only.
Tower Bridge during the Second World War
CM
YCM
MY
CY
CMY
K
TO
WER
BR
IDG
E E
XH
IBIT
ION
: Edu
cation
al A
ctiv
itie
s &
Res
ourc
es K
it
IMA
GE
LIB
RA
RY
RESO
URCE
Imag
e fr
om W
ikip
edia
. Use
d w
ith p
erm
issi
on.
Prin
ted
from
“T
ower
Bri
dge
Exhi
bitio
n: E
duca
tiona
l Act
iviti
es &
Res
ourc
es,”
a FR
EE T
each
ers
Kit
desi
gned
by
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited
is p
art
of G
uy F
ox H
isto
ry P
roje
ct, a
n ed
ucat
iona
l cha
rity
whi
ch c
reat
es in
nova
tive
publ
icat
ions
for
child
ren.
To
lear
n ab
out
our
wor
k, v
isit
ww
w.g
uyfo
x.or
g.uk
. Cop
yrig
ht 2
010,
Guy
Fox
Lim
ited.
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
Dup
licat
ion
is p
erm
itted
for
educ
atio
nal u
se o
nly.
Aer
ial V
iew
of Tow
er B
ridg
ean
d th
e Pool of Londo
n