teachers role in community health promotion

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BASIC F IRST AID TRAINING

+

BASIC LI FE SUPPORT

Dr. Ajith PakkalaMBBS. MHAMedical Officer

Acharya Institutes


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INTRODUCTION

If your friend has an accident or

someone collapses (perhaps from aheart attack) then the first person

there will be the first aider or the

person who will help the sick untilothers get there.

First aid is about using your

commonsense in ways that will keepthe patient safe without doing harm to

patient.


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We still have poor enrolment and retention at primarylevel.

Our literacy rate is very low.

Our population growth is frightening.

Economically we are backward.

Women's literacy is very low.

Our awareness about health is very poor.

Majority of Indians are rural people and are farmers.


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n e a ove con ex , a eac er asa very dynamic role in the

community. The various aspect's ofthis role include:

One of the major roles is topromote the importance ofeducation among parentsparticularly those in rural areasso that they enrol their childrenin schools.

Teacher has to be part of theadult education programmesorganized to educate adultswho have not had anopportunity to go to schools in

their childhood.


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Many of our rural population need awareness programmes regarding

vaccination, birth control measures, woman' health during pregnancy

and child birth, cleanliness in and outside home, contagious diseases,

personal hygiene, etc. Teacher, being an educated person should

either directly inform people or lead them to proper sources ofinformation like a doctor.

The role of teachers in national literacy campaigns goes without

saying. In rural areas, it is very relevant to put in ! whatever effort

one towards literacy programmes.


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Teacher, whether in rural or urban setting is also

expected to participate in election work, andcensus data collection as an educated citizen.

In a rural community where a majority of theadult population is likely to be illiterate, a

teacher also has to play the role of a guide,

philosopher and a counsellor. Generally, people

would approach a teacher for seeking solutionsto their problems.


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RURALHEALTHCARE

SYSTEMININDIA


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HEALTHCAREINFRASTRUCTUREINRURALAREASIS

CONSISTOF3-TIERS:-

Sub-Centre(SCs)

Primary Health Centre(PHCs)

Community Health Centre(CHCs)


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SUB-CENTRES(SCS)

The Sub-Centre is the most peripheral and first contact pointbetween the primary health care system and the community.

Provide services in relation to maternal and child

health, family welfare, nutrition, immunization, diarrhea

control and control of communicable diseasesprogrames.

Provided with basic drugs for taking care of essential

health needs of men, women and children.

1,45,272 Sub Centres functioning in the country as on March2007.


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PRIMARYHEALTHCENTRES(PHCS)

PHC is the first contact point between villagecommunity and the Medical Officer.

It acts as a referral unit for 6 Sub Centres. It has 4 - 6

beds for patients.

PHC involve curative, preventive, primitive and FamilyWelfare Services.

The PHCs are established and maintained by the State

Governments under the Minimum Need

Programme(MNP)/ Basic Minimum ServicesProgramme(BMS).

22,370 PHCs functioning as on March 2007 in the

country.


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COMMUNITYHEALTHCENTRES(CHCS)

It serves as a referral centre for 4 PHCs and also

provides facilities for obstetric care and specialist

consultations.

It has 30 in-door beds with one OT, X-ray, Labor

Room and Laboratory facilities.

As on March, 2007, there are 4,045 CHCs

functioning in the country.


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CPR

YCPRIs better than

NOCPR


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AR/CPRCPR stands for Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation.

This involves the giving of life giving breaths and a series of

external chest compression to person who has no breathing

and no pulse.

Often, CPR is associated with medical emergencies such

as heart attack, drowning, choking.

It should be noted however that CPR is applicable to any

situation wherein the victim or patient has no breathing andno signs of life.


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CPR involves chest compressions at a rate of at least 100 per

minute in an effort to create artificial circulation by manually

pumping blood through the heart

Rescuer may provide breaths by either exhaling into their

mouth or utilizing a device that pushes air into the lungs. The

process of externally providing ventilation is termed artificial

respiration


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REMEMBERTHEABCS

AAirway

B

Breathing

C- Circulation


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THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

The chain of survival involves a series of procedures that

a first aider or responder should do to increase the

chances of the victim's survival. The four links of the

chain are as follows:

Early Access

Early CPR

Early Defibrillation

Early Advance Care


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When to start CPR

When person stops breathing and the heartstops pumping, brain damage will occur in

about 4 minutes. Thus, CPR should be

started immediately when the followingconditions are observe on the victim:

- The victim is unconscious

- The victim has no breathing- The victim has no signs of life (no pulse)


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When not to do CPR

Although we have mentioned that CPR is done when theabove situation exists, there are also situations that CPR

should not be applied anymore. Herewith are the following:

Rigor Mortis

Livor Mortis Crushed head or skull

Decapitated head or body

Decomposition

DNR


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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

A Maintain Airway

B Support Breathing

C

Support Circulation

D Provide Defibrillation


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PRIMARY ACTION

Ensure safety : rescuer &victim

Assess responsiveness : shake &shout

If responsive : recovery position


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RECOVERY POSITION


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: AIRWAY


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OPEN AIRWAY


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HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT

G


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: BREATHING

S


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JAW THRUST

ARTIFICIAL BREATHING


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ARTIFICIAL BREATHING

AMBUBAG 2 RESCUERS


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AMBUBAG : 2 RESCUERS

CIRCULATION


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C: CIRCULATION

CAROTID PULSE


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CAROTID PULSE


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BLEEDING CONTROL


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PRESSURE BANDAGE

DEFIBRILLATOR


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D: DEFIBRILLATOR


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BASIC GUIDELINES

Determine severity (ABC)

Arrest Bleeding

Provide IV Access

Keep warm

Carry in Head low Feet high position


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CAUSES FOR ARREST

Heart Attack & Arrhythmias

Trauma & Bleeding

Hypothermia

Drowning

Electrocution

CHEST COMPRESSION


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CHEST COMPRESSION

HEART PLACEMENT


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HEART PLACEMENT

CHEST COMPRESSION


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CHEST COMPRESSION

CPR STEP 1 R


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CPR : STEP 1 Response

CPR STEP 2 Ai


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CPR : STEP 2 - Airway

CPR : STEP 3 Breathing


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CPR : STEP 3 - Breathing

CPR : STEP 4 Circulation


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CPR : STEP 4 - Circulation

CPR : STEP 5 Artificial Breath


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CPR : STEP 5

Artificial Breath

CPR : STEP 6 30 Compressions


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CPR : STEP 6

30 Compressions

CPR : STEP 7 2 Breaths


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CPR : STEP 7 2 Breaths

CPR : STEP 7 Check after 2 min


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CPR : STEP 7

Check after 2 min

CPR HOW LONG?


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CPR : HOW LONG?

Spontaneous Pulse & Breathing

Qualified help arrives

Exhaustion

CPR SHORTCOMINGS


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CPR : SHORTCOMINGS

Exhaled air : 30% CO2, 16% O2

Rib Fractures

Disease transmission


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teachers role in community health promotion

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