Team 1:The Outer Planets Team 1:The Outer Planets and Comets, and Comets,

By: Greg, Alex, Brittany, By: Greg, Alex, Brittany, Freddy and CameranFreddy and Cameran

The four outer planets-Jupiter, The four outer planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune-are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune-are much larger and more massive much larger and more massive than Earth, and they don’t have than Earth, and they don’t have

solid surfaces. solid surfaces. Outer planets called gas giantsOuter planets called gas giants Each giant is surrounded by a set of Each giant is surrounded by a set of

rings-a thin disk of small particles rings-a thin disk of small particles and ice and rockand ice and rock

JupiterJupiter Jupiter is the largest and most massive Jupiter is the largest and most massive

planetplanet Has a thick atmosphere made up of mainly Has a thick atmosphere made up of mainly

hydrogen and heliumhydrogen and helium Has a great red spot that is made up of a Has a great red spot that is made up of a

storm that is larger than Earth and it is storm that is larger than Earth and it is similar to a hurricanesimilar to a hurricane

It has a dense core of rock and iron at its It has a dense core of rock and iron at its centercenter

It has over 63 moons and four large ones It has over 63 moons and four large ones called Callisto, Io, Europa, Ganymedecalled Callisto, Io, Europa, Ganymede

SaturnSaturn

Saturn is the second largest planet in our Saturn is the second largest planet in our universe universe

It has a thick atmosphere made up of It has a thick atmosphere made up of mainly hydrogen and helium mainly hydrogen and helium

Its atmosphere also contains clouds and Its atmosphere also contains clouds and stormsstorms

Saturn has many rings that are made up Saturn has many rings that are made up of chunks of ice and rocksof chunks of ice and rocks

Its largest moon is called Titan and it is Its largest moon is called Titan and it is larger than the planet Mercury larger than the planet Mercury

Uranus Uranus Uranus is a gas giant and is four times Uranus is a gas giant and is four times

larger than Earth larger than Earth It is much smaller than Jupiter and SaturnIt is much smaller than Jupiter and Saturn Uranus has a blue/greenish color because Uranus has a blue/greenish color because

of trace of methane in its atmosphereof trace of methane in its atmosphere Its surrounded by a group of thin, round Its surrounded by a group of thin, round

rings like Saturn only much lessrings like Saturn only much less Its axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of Its axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of

90 degrees90 degrees

NeptuneNeptune

Neptune is a cold, blue planet and its Neptune is a cold, blue planet and its atmosphere contains visible cloudsatmosphere contains visible clouds

Scientists think that Neptune is slowly Scientists think that Neptune is slowly shrinking causing its core to heat upshrinking causing its core to heat up

It has at least 13 moons going around it It has at least 13 moons going around it Its largest moon is called Triton which has Its largest moon is called Triton which has

its own thin atmosphereits own thin atmosphere

PlutoPluto

Pluto has a solid surface and is much Pluto has a solid surface and is much smaller and denser than the other outer smaller and denser than the other outer planetsplanets

It is smaller than Earth’s moon and is It is smaller than Earth’s moon and is probably made of rocks and iceprobably made of rocks and ice

It is so far from the Sun it revolves around It is so far from the Sun it revolves around it about every 258 Earth yearsit about every 258 Earth years

Until recently Pluto was considered the 9Until recently Pluto was considered the 9thth planet in our solar systemplanet in our solar system

Now it is considered a dwarf planetNow it is considered a dwarf planet

CometsComets Comets are loose collections of ice, dust Comets are loose collections of ice, dust

and small rocky particles and small rocky particles Its orbits are usually very long, narrow Its orbits are usually very long, narrow

ellipsesellipses Most comets originate from one of two Most comets originate from one of two

distant regions of the solar systemdistant regions of the solar system They come from the Kuiper Belt of the They come from the Kuiper Belt of the

Oort cloudOort cloud As a comet approaches the sun, it heats As a comet approaches the sun, it heats

up and some of the gas and dust streams up and some of the gas and dust streams outward forming a tailoutward forming a tail

By: Jake Maino

Ben Cummings

Tru Wells

Reanna Iunker

Jonah McNamara

Inner planetsEarth and Venus

Earth: Earth is unique in our solar system in having liquidwater at its surface. Earth is 70% water. Atmosphere: extends more than 100 kilometers above the surfaces. About 20% is oxygen and nearly all the rest is nitrogen with small amounts of other gases such as argon and carbon dioxide.

Venus: Venus takes about 7.5 Earth months to revolve around the sun and takes 8 months to rotate on its axis. Atmosphere: Its atmosphere is so thick that it is always cloudy.

Mercury and Mars

Mercury: Smallest terrestrial planet and closest to the sun. Mercury has almost no atmosphere. Its high temperature causes gas particles to move very fast.

Mars: Mars’s atmosphere is more than 95% carbon dioxide. Scientists think that a large amount of liquid water flowed on Mars’s surface in the past. Because it is tilted on its axis it has seasons just like Earth.

Asteroids

Asteroids are rocky objects that mostly revolve around the sun in fairly circular orbits between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This region of the solar system is called the asteroid belt.

There are more than 100,000 asteroids discovered in the asteroid belt. Some asteroids are so big they are considered dwarf planets.

Andy EpprightAlyssa CheshireBev LincolnTristan Collins

• A Satellite is an object that revolves around another object in space.

• The moon is a natural satellite of Earth. • A Spacecraft orbiting Earth is an artificial satellite.• The first artificial satellite was named the Sputnik,

its success caused great alarm to the United States.

• When a Meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, friction with the air creates heat and produces a streak of light in the sky , this is known as a Meteor.

• If the meteoroid is large enough, it may not disintegrate completely.

• If not completely disintegrated, it can pass through Earth’s atmosphere.

• A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth’s surface.

• The crater in Arizona was created by a meteorite.•

• A Meteoroid is a chunk of rock or dust in space.• Meteoroids come from comets or asteroids.• Some form when asteroids collide in space.• Others form when a comet breaks up and creates

a cloud of dust that continues to move through the solar system.

• When Earth passes through one of there dust clouds, bits of dust enter Earth’s atmosphere.

• The creators on the moon were formed by meteoroids.

Devon LumGaimo JohnsonYareyci Rivera

Katherine GomezJoe Hamilton

After a large star runs out of fuel, it implodes causing a super nova. The gravity mass is so strong that the gas is pulled inward, creating a black hole.

No light, radio waves, or any other form of radiation can ever get out of a black hole, so it is not possible to detect a black hole directly.

You can detect them indirectly. Black holes can be millions or even billions

times bigger than the sun’s initial mass.

It is matter that does not give off electromagnetic radiation.

Dark matter cannot be seen directly. But, its presence can be inferred by

observing the effect of its gravity on visible objects, such as stars, or on light.

Astronomers are still trying to find out what the Dark Matter is made out of.

Dark energy is a mysterious force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.

Current estimates indicate that most of the universe is made of dark energy and dark matter.

Less than 5% of the universe is made up of normal matter.

Black Holes

Dark Matter

Dark Energy

Black Holes, Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Makers of Slide Show Devon Lum

Gaimo Johnson

Researchers Joe Hamilton

Yareyci Rivera

Katherine Gomez

Mr. Cossey Period 1

Thanks for reading and stuff

Team #5 Space Team #5 Space Exploration(History and Exploration(History and Future) and Telescopes.Future) and Telescopes.

By: Michael Gray Trent Abbott

Alexia MagandaPreet Oza

Kristina Ybarra

History of Space History of Space • A satellite is an object that revolves around another

object in space.• In late 1958, the United States established a

government agency in charge of its space program called the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA).

• On July 20,1969 Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon.

• The astronauts collected nearly 400 kilograms of lunar samples, commonly called moon rocks.

The Future of SpaceThe Future of Space

In 2004, the U.S announced a plan to establish a permanent

colony of people on the moon.

Nasa used space shuttles to perform many important tasks.

These included taking satellites into orbit, repairing damaged

satellites , and carrying astronauts and equipment to and from

the space station.

TelescopesTelescopes

All the colors you see in a telescope is called visible light. It

one of many types of electromagnetic radiation.

Telescopes are instruments that collect and focus light and

other forms of electromagnetic radiation.

The two major telescopes are refracting telescopes and

reflecting telescopes.

The Sun

Bailey Vaskov, David Zamora, Kelly Doherty, Emily Threlkel

The Sun’s Energy

• The sun accounts for 99.8 percent of the solar systems total mass.

• The sun is a huge ball of ionized gas, or plasma, thought.

• About three quarters of the suns mass is hydrogen.

• About one quarter of the suns mass is helium.

Nuclear Fusion

• The sun produces energy through nuclear fusion.

• In nuclear fusion two atomic nuclei combine, forming a larger. More massive nucleus and releasing energy.

• Within the sun, hydrogen atoms join together to form helium.

The Sun’s Interior

• The sun’s interior consists of the core, the radiation zone, and the convection zone.

• The core is where the suns energy is produced.• The radiation Zone is region of very tightly

packed gas where energy is transferred mainly in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

• The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the sun’s interior.

The Sun’s Atmosphere

• The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere is called the photosphere.

• The sun does not have a solid surface.• There are dark spots on the sun called

sunspots.• Sunspots are areas where the sun is cooler.• The sun’s interior is about 1.4 million kilometers.• Sun spots usually occur in huge, reddish loops

of gas called prominences.

The Formation of the Solar System

Bailey Vaskov, David Zamora, Dayton Wallace, Kelly Dohetty,

Emily Threlkel

The Solar Nebula

About five billion years ago, a giant cloud of gas and dust collapsed to form a solar nebula

• Gravity began to pull solar nebula together, as the solar nebula shrank and spun faster and faster. The solar nebula flattened, forming a rotating disk. Gravity pulled most of the gas into the center of the disk where the gas eventually became hot and dense enough where nuclear fusion to begin.

Planetesimals

• Planetesimals formed the building blocks of the planets, the planets grew larger.

The Planets

• When the Solar System formed the temperature was very high.

• Most gasses escaped the gravity of the planets, that were forming in this region, as a result the inner planets are relatively small and rocky.

• The planets farther from the sun are much colder. As these planets in this region grew, their gravity increased and they were able to capture much of the hydrogen and helium in space.

Evidence

• The composition of the inner and outer planets provides strong evidence for a solar nebula theory.

• Other evidence includes the position of the sun at the center of the solar system.