team highlights, june 2015 - the rspb€¦ · projeto albatroz & save brasil tatiana neves,...
TRANSCRIPT
AALLBBAATTRROOSSSS TTAASSKK FFOORRCCEE
Team Highlights, June 2015
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE
Team Highlights, June 2015
Introduction
Spreading its wings, a wandering albatross unfolds a 3.5 m wingspan which enables it to soar above the
wild westerly winds of the southern ocean. These remarkable birds use extremely high-aspect-ratio wings
to enable them to travel vast distances, expending incredibly little energy to find food in a vast marine
landscape.
Unfortunately for the albatross, the development of large modern fishing vessels means the realm of the
albatross now overlaps with thousands of longline vessels, setting a billion hooks a year and considerably
more trawl vessels fishing year-round to feed a rapidly growing human population. It is estimated that
somewhere in the world, an albatross is hooked and drowned or mortally struck by trawl cables every five
minutes.
Since this problem was first identified in the late 80s and early 90s, a global effort has been made to develop
seabird bycatch mitigation measures to combat this unsustainable level of seabird mortality. A critical gap
between the development of measures, and the demonstration and adoption of these measures in key
fisheries throughout South America and southern Africa was recognised and The Royal Society for the
Protection of Birds (RSPB) and BirdLife International created the Albatross Task Force (ATF), an
international team of seabird bycatch mitigation experts.
The main objective of the Task Force is to reduce bycatch of albatross and petrels in targeted fisheries, and
ultimately to improve the conservation status of threatened seabirds.
Since the inception of the ATF with a single team in South Africa in 2006, the RSPB now supports trained
mitigation instructors in seven countries, employing 17 team members. The principal duties of the ATF
include identifying fisheries which pose the greatest risk to seabirds, and developing, demonstrating and
implementing best practice measures to reduce seabird bycatch to negligible levels. Our work consistently
results in clear demonstrations that seabird bycatch can be reduced by >90% once the right combination of
mitigation measures are deployed. Our first team in South Africa has led the field, with a multi-year study
reflecting a 99% reduction in albatross mortality in the trawl fishery. Other ATF teams, which began
operations in 2008, are now beginning to follow suit with the introduction of new regulations to protect
vulnerable seabirds in some of the world’s bycatch “hotspots”.
Our work would not be possible without the support of the RSPB membership, the David and Lucile
Packard Foundation, Volvo, Arrowgrass Capital Partners LLP, The Tilia Fund, Henry Kenner, David and
Christine Walmsley, Páramo Directional Clothing (shown on front cover) plus many generous private
sponsors and donors.
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ARGENTINA
Aves Argentinas
Leo Tamini & Nahuel Chavez
Argentinean demersal trawl fishery
Target fisheries
In Argentina the ATF is working with three fleets: 33 large industrial trawlers which process and freeze the
catch on board; 60 trawl vessels which store fish on ice, and four industrial, mid-water trawlers. The main
target species are hake Merluccius hubsi, hoki Macruronus magellanicus and a range of associated demersal
(bottom) fish species. The main ports include Mar del Plata and Ushuaia.
Team progress
The Argentinean team completed 111 days at sea in 2014; including five trips totalling 51 days at sea on the
side-hauling on-ice vessels and a 60 day trip on one of the large industrial mid-water trawlers that targets
hoki from the world’s most southerly port city of Ushuaia. Meanwhile, the team continued with the
implementation of bird-scaring lines and the Tamini Tabla, a towed device developed by the ATF that
maintains the bird-scaring lines stable in Argentina’s persistently strong cross winds.
Side trawl fishery
During trips onboard the side-hauling vessels, the ATF team recorded regular seabird abundance and
diversity censuses, indicating that during hauling operations the side-hauling vessels attract an impressive
19 species of seabirds that feed on fish offal and discards from the ship’s factory. Of these birds, few were
observed to interact negatively with the fishing nets. This is in contrast to the high level of interactions we
discovered in previous years, which appears to be related to a window of high abundance of the migrating
great shearwaters in the austral summer months. A single black-browed albatross was observed killed on
the trawl cables.
Mid-water trawl fleet
Our first trips in the mid-water trawl fishery demonstrated that 17 species attend vessels and that there is a
high level of negative interactions particularly with vulnerable species of albatross. While our work in this
fishery is in the early stages of evaluation, our data suggests the southern royal albatross are at greatest
risk, followed by the southern giant petrel, black-browed albatross and northern royal albatross.
Interestingly, 93% of the seabird interactions in this fishery are not with the trawl net or trawl cables, but
with a third wire, or netsonde cable, which communicates trawl net parameters to monitoring equipment
on the bridge.
Implementing mitigation measures
Through a collaborative effort with a group of Argentinean institutes and NGOs, we successfully lobbied
for the adoption of a new fishery resolution to trial bird-scaring lines for a six-month period in the
industrial stern trawl fishery. To date, we have trained 40 observers in three workshops and there are
currently 10 vessels involved in the study, around 30% of the fleet! The strategy to train national observers
is an important step in the long-term sustainability of seabird conservation in Argentina, and has enabled
the ATF team to investigate the effectiveness of bird-scaring lines to reduce mortality caused by the third
wire on the mid-water trawlers.
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: ARGENTINA
1.89 million km2 continental shelf
33 large industrial stern trawl vessels
13,500 black-browed albatross killed per year
45 observers trained in seabird conservation
Image: Black-browed albatross squabble for fishery discards at sea on the Patagonian shelf
Leo Tamini, Aves Argentinas
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BRAZIL
Projeto Albatroz & SAVE Brasil
Tatiana Neves, Rodrigo Sant’Ana, Augusto Silva & André Santoro
Brazilian pelagic longline fishery
Target fisheries
The ATF team in Brazil is spread over two fishing ports: Itajaí and Rio Grande where they work with the
highly dynamic Brazilian industrial pelagic longline fleet which targets swordfish, tunas and sharks. At
present, the industrial fleet is composed of 72 wooden and steel hulled vessels, between 15 and 28 m total
length with at-sea autonomy of up to 30 days.
Team progress
There has been very positive progress in 2014 following a challenging period over the previous 12 months,
which was related to adoption of changes in fisheries regulation. The regulation required placement of a 60
g weight at no more than two metres from the hook. This divided opinion within the fleet, as those vessels
which used line weighting placed at up to 7 m from the hook believed this change would affect safety and
fishing efficiency. Additional fishery restrictions on target species created heightened tensions in ports, and
resulted in port closures.
Despite these difficulties, the ATF managed an impressive 172 days at sea over nine fishing trips in the
pelagic longline fleet, monitoring the effectiveness of bird-scaring lines and the new line weighting
configuration. Roughly a third of this effort was concentrated during the peak seabird abundance period in
the austral winter and even so, no seabirds were caught in this fishery with ATF instructors or hired
observers onboard.
Changing regulations
Because of the wide-spread industry rejection of the new fishery regulations, stakeholder discussions were
held in Brazil to determine alternatives. For the seabird conservation measures, this was a tense period as
we were concerned the measure would be weakened. However, thanks to the perseverance of the local
team via an astonishing 526 port visits, the new version of the regulation will match the Best Practice
recommendations agreed in the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatross and Petrels (ACAP),
requiring all vessels to use a bird-scaring line, a choice of three alternative line weighting regimes plus
obligatory night setting. The choice of line weighting appeases the fishing captains that opposed the stricter
rules, while the use of both night setting and bird-scaring lines ensures the seabird measure is not
weakened.
Evaluating the effect on seabirds
With the change in fishery regulations, and some strict enforcement in ports, there has been an increase in
uptake of the mitigation measures on vessels in the fleet. The ATF in Brazil has commenced an intensive
period of on-board monitoring that will continue throughout 2015 and into 2016 to monitor and quantify
the effectiveness of these new regulations. This monitoring will provide new data on the state of seabird
bycatch in Brazil and insights into the level of compliance with mitigation measures, which we will
compare with data collected from previous years to highlight where we need to focus future efforts.
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: BRAZIL
72 pelagic longline vessels in the fleet
172 days at sea in the last year
526 port visits conducted with fishers
3 line weighting configuration options in new fishery regulation
Image: Brazilian longline fishery. Deck crew haul the gear at sea
Dimas Gianuca, Projeto Albatroz
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CHILE
CODEFF
Luis Cabezas, Cristián Suazo & Juan-C. González
Demersal trawl and purse-seine fisheries
Target fisheries
The vast Chilean coast extends >2,600 miles from north to south, and covers a great range of marine
habitats. Because of this long coast, there are several regional fisheries and a diversity of gear types. The
fisheries the ATF team has been working with are the demersal trawl fleet based in the port city of
Talcahuano. In 2012 there were 21 fishing companies and 48 active vessels, primarily targeting hake.
Massive cuts in hake quotas left just two vessels active in 2014. The team is also working with the purse
seine fishery for sardine and anchovy with around 400 active vessels, and the gillnet fishery, which targets
a range of species along the coast using 7 – 10 m open wooden or fibre-glass boats.
Team progress
Demersal trawl fleet
The team has demonstrated that bird-scaring lines deployed during trawling operations are highly
effective at reducing seabird bycatch to negligible levels, but achieving the inclusion of the measure in
legislation has been stalled by bureaucratic delays. Not to be discouraged, the ATF in Chile has used this
time to perform training workshops for national observers, preparing them to record compliance of seabird
conservation measures, when they do come into force.
Purse seine fishery
This year has represented a special effort in the purse seine fishery as part of a joint initiative working in
collaboration with several national universities to identify the characteristics of small scale fisheries in
Chile. The ATF developed protocols and sampling designs plus performed a total of 41 trips on purse seine
vessels, with 63 days at sea and 78 fishing operations monitored. This provided a wealth of new
information for the fishery, which operates between Arica in the north of the country (~18 degrees south) to
Puerto Montt (~42 degrees south). We found a total bycatch of 53 birds, at a bycatch rate of 0.67 birds per
set; mainly Peruvian boobies, pelicans, pink-footed shearwaters and sooty shearwaters. Birds are killed by
diving down into the net to forage on the concentrated mass of sardine or anchovy, and becoming trapped
and drowning when surfacing under a “ceiling” of mesh. We have identified seabird bycatch ‘hotspots’,
and it is there that we are concentrating work to trial modified fishing nets that have a reduced area of
floating mesh, therefore minimising the risk of birds becoming entangled. The first experimental results are
promising, indicating a reduction in the bycatch of shearwaters while at the same time improving fishing
efficiency, a win-win situation for both industry and seabirds!
Gillnet fishery
The team has also conducted 85 trips on gillnet vessels monitoring a total of 170 sets from which we found
a total of 11 seabirds killed at a rate of 0.065 birds / set. Removing the coastal gillnet sets, where no bycatch
was recorded, revealed a bycatch rate of 0.333 birds / set for the surface set nets; mainly cormorants. This
provided us with a clear indication of where to focus our experimental work for mitigation measures!
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: CHILE
2,600 miles of coastline
400 active purse seine vessels
0.67 birds per set killed in the purse seine fishery
170 sets monitored in the gillnet fishery
Image: Chilean gillnet fishery. Artisanal fishers haul the nets, recovering a dead guanay cormorant
Luis Ariel Cabezas, CODEFF
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ECUADOR
Aves y Conservación
Jorge Samaniego & Robert Medina
Ecuadorian demersal longline, purse seine and gillnet fisheries
Target fisheries
The main focus of our work in Ecuador has been the demersal longline fishery which is made up of 27
small scale vessels, each of which sets around 350 – 650 hooks per set, 3-4 times a day. These vessels are
based in the port of Santa Rosa which is also home to around 1,500 other small scale vessels. With an
increased interest in the pink-footed shearwater bycatch, driven by our discovery that these birds are being
killed in Chilean purse seine fisheries, we attempted to identify the impact of other fisheries in Ecuador.
This has involved further collaboration with the surface gillnet fishery in Santa Rosa and the purse seine
fishery based in the ports of Libertad, Aconcito and Chanduy.
Team progress
As in previous years, we achieved a large number of at-sea trips in Ecuador thanks to a very positive
relationship with the fleet and authorities. We managed to complete 26 trips on vessels of the demersal
longline fleet, targeted to coincide with the waved albatross seasonal migration to the Ecuadorian and
Peruvian coast line. Despite this targeted effort, we again witnessed no seabird bycatch in the fishery. The
at-sea effort dedicated to the other fleets included a total of 37 days at-sea in the gillnet fishery and a
further 49 days at-sea in the purse seine fleet. While there were indications that a small number of birds
interacted with the fishing gear, there was no observation of seabird mortality in these fisheries.
Reduction of effort in Ecuador
Compared with the initial seabird bycatch levels, which were alarming, we have not recorded bycatch of
the Critically Endangered waved albatross, nor any other seabirds in Ecuador since 2010. In 2011 the ATF
began experimental trials to test the effect of improved line weighting on the seabird bycatch and fish catch
levels in the fishery. Our team was able to identify that an increased mass (double the standard 450 g
weights) of fishing weights significantly increased the sink rate of the baited hooks during setting
operations and had no negative impact on the fish catch. However, as we observed no birds caught on
either the double-mass weights or standard fishing gear we were unable to draw conclusions on the effect
of the increased line weighting on seabird bycatch. But given the greatly increased sink rate, we are
confident the impact would be positive. We have continued to monitor the fishery and our data suggests
seabird bycatch has dropped to negligible levels. This, we believe, is closely linked to a general evolution of
the fishing gear toward a greater mass of fishing weights per metre of line set compared to the fishing gear
configuration used when we initiated monitoring in 2010.
Due to the highly dynamic associated with this small scale fishery we have never claimed that this change
in gear configuration is due to our line weighting trials, although the coincidence is interesting! Having
continued the monitoring for several years now without observing further bycatch, we have taken the
decision to temporarily halt ATF operations in Ecuador. This will allow us to make the best possible use of
the limited conservation funds available in countries/fisheries where seabird bycatch is occurring at
elevated levels, while we maintain contact with the fleet in Ecuador.
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: ECUADOR
1,500 small scale vessels in Santa Rosa port
650 hooks deployed per set
112 days at-sea monitoring the fleets
0 birds caught since 2010
Image: A waved albatross gorges itself on hake from the longline fishery in Ecuador
Robert Medina, Aves y Conservación
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NAMIBIA
Namibian Nature Foundation &
Ministry of Marine Resource Management
Sarah Yates, Clemens Naomab & Kondja Amutenya
Namibian demersal longline and trawl fisheries
Target fisheries
Namibia’s desert coast flanks one of the most important marine production areas of the world, the
Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. This system provides resources for a large and diverse range of
fish stokes. The Namibia hake fishery is one of the largest single-species fisheries in the world. In 2014, this
was exploited by over 70 industrial trawl vessels and a fleet of 13 demersal longline vessels. Most of these
vessels are owned by joint-license holders with partners from Spain. The vast majority of fishery landings
are exported to Europe, mainly Spain.
Team progress
In previous years we struggled with a lack of political will to drive change in the Namibian fisheries. We
have been persistent and determined in presenting a solid argument based on our at-sea data sets which
demonstrate Namibian fisheries as some of the most deadly in the world in terms of seabird bycatch. This
past year we finally achieved a major breakthrough! In August the Namibian ATF team and BirdLife
International representatives met with Fisheries Minister Bernhard Esau and Chief Fishery Scientist
Hannes Holtzhausen to discuss the scale of bycatch in Namibia and present recommendations to reduce
the impact on vulnerable species. The meeting swept aside the roadblocks we had been hitting and the
inclusion of mitigation measures in fishery regulations is being adopted, currently with the Ministry of
Justice for final adoption.
Implementing mitigation measures in Namibia
In the lead up to regulations, the ATF team has been making giant leaps toward our main objectives.
Through stakeholder workshops with the fishing industry, Fisheries Ministry and observer agency we have
identified some important steps necessary to support the implementation of the mitigation measures. These
include continued vessel-based demonstrations, and training workshops on seabird identification and
mitigation use for the national observers. Following our last implementation workshop in February, the
Namibian Hake Association announced it would ensure all vessels carry mitigation measures by the end of
the year!
So far, we have managed to provide practical demonstrations and install seabird bycatch mitigation
measures on 23% of the demersal trawl vessels – an increase of 13% since last year. For the demersal
longline fishery we have done even better; we now have bird scaring lines installed on 62% of the active
vessels, up from 25% this time last year.
Continuation of work in Namibia
We have a packed schedule; supplying the remaining vessels in both fleets with mitigation measures and
performing the at-sea trips required to ensure correct use of the measures and re-evaluate the seabird
bycatch level with mitigation measures in place. With two other important fisheries to investigate, there is
still a lot more to do.
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: NAMIBIA
70 industrial stern trawl vessels in the fleet
13 active demersal longline vessels
23% voluntary use of mitigation on trawlers
1 new fishery regulation drafted
Image: A Namibian deck crew work the trawl nets at sea in the hake fishery
John Paterson, Namibia Nature Foundation
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PERU
Pro Delphinus
Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto & Jeffrey Mangel
Peruvian demersal longline fishery
Target fisheries
Fisheries monitored off the Peruvian coast over the past year have included the driftnet fishery, which
targets a range of pelagic species like dolphin fish, rays and sharks; and the small scale gillnet fishery that
targets a diverse array of shallow water demersal species. The vessels are typically small, wooden-hulled
boats and set nets that can extend up to two kilometres in length and six to seven metres high. These
vessels have been monitored from San Jose in the north and Chorrillos just south of the capital Lima on the
southern coast.
Team progress
Monitoring effort
Bycatch of vulnerable species in Peru involves several taxa (i.e. marine turtles, seabirds, cetaceans and sea
horses) generally at a fairly low level compared to some of the industrial fleets that the ATF deals with in
other countries. However, this low-level chronic bycatch in small-scale fisheries requires a considerable
effort to monitor and record these events. This past year we have managed 39 trips, spread evenly
throughout the year. This included a total of 233 observed fishing sets.
Bycatch levels
Incidental mortality revealed from monitoring trips totalled 25 seabirds, becoming entangled at a rate of
0.107 birds / set. Twenty of the birds were entangled and drowned, whereas five were recovered in time to
be released alive. The most frequently killed birds in the driftnet fishery were white-chinned petrels,
accounting for 24% of all the seabird bycatch, while sooty shearwaters, pink-footed shearwaters and
Humboldt penguins were also killed in this fishing gear. We also recorded bycatch of other taxa, with four
species of small cetacean being caught at a rate of 0.171 individuals per set, but the highest levels of bycatch
was recorded for turtles, with over one hundred individuals killed, mainly the endangered green turtle.
Mitigation measures
Unfortunately, the mitigation trials we were planning to conduct in Peru, using net lighting to warn
vulnerable animals away from fishing gear, were frustrated by extremely poor weather conditions in the
north of the country, where participating fishers suffered boat damage in severe storms. However, a huge
effort conducting interviews across fishing communities in Peru (the team undertook 17 port visits and 419
interviews) is helping to identify where these trials may be effective in 2015/16.
Continuation of our programme in Peru
The low level of seabird bycatch recorded represents a chronic problem in Peru. A small number of
seabirds killed by each vessel will appear trivial to fishers and vessel owners, but when this bycatch is
scaled up across fleets with thousands of vessels, the impacts of the fishery is potentially catching much
higher numbers of birds than is apparent. This has been an important message that we are working hard to
explain to fishers and fisheries managers.
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: PERU
233 fishing sets observed
24% of seabird bycatch was white-chinned petrels
4 species of cetaceans and >100 turtles caught in fishing nets
419 interviews conducted in fishing ports
Image: A pink-footed shearwater entangled in a drift net in Peru
Joanna Alfaro, ProDelphinus
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SOUTH AFRICA
BirdLife South Africa
Ross Wanless, Bronwyn Maree, Christine Madden & Bokamoso Lebepe
South African trawl, demersal and pelagic longline fisheries
Target fisheries
Three fisheries have been monitored by our team in South Africa, the demersal trawl, demersal longline
and the pelagic longline fisheries. The pelagic longline fishery includes both domestic and foreign/joint-
venture fleets. The trawl fishery consists of about 35 active vessels (wet-fish and freezer included) which
target hake, mainly along the shelf edge. The pelagic longline fleet targets swordfish and tuna species. In
2014 the foreign fleet consisted of four active vessels, while the domestic fleet has about ten active vessels.
This was a major reduction in the foreign fleet, which had nine vessels in 2013.
Team progress
This year the team published a multi-year analysis demonstrating a reduction in seabird bycatch of 90%
and albatross bycatch of an incredible 99% in the demersal trawl fishery compared with levels prior to the
adoption of mitigation measures. This news brought significant national and international recognition for
the efforts of the South African team, with Team Leader Bronwyn Maree being chosen from 126 candidates
for a Future For Nature Award and a series of 52 television appearances, news articles and radio
interviews.
Demersal trawl fleet
The team continue to conduct trips aboard the trawl fleet as part of a long term monitoring plan, with 12
trips performed this year. These are used to ensure regular feedback and reinforcement of best practice use
of mitigation measures. This helps the development of individual Bird Mitigation Plans for each of the 15
classes of trawl vessel active in the fishery. These plans are periodically updated to ensure the sustainable
reduction of seabird mortality in this fishery.
Pelagic longline fleet
Our team deal with the domestic pelagic longline fleet separately from the joint-venture fleet, which has
foreign flagged vessels fishing under permit in South African waters. We work with the domestic vessels to
ensure they are maintaining efficient use of mitigation measures (line weighting and deployment of bird-
scaring lines). However, this past year we also performed three trips to trial Hook Pods, an emerging
mitigation measure which could provide a future alternative to the combination of three measures. The
joint-venture fleet has 100% observer coverage, so the ATF team monitors this fleet via briefing and de-
briefing captains and national observers and providing technical support when the seabird bycatch limit of
25 birds per vessel is exceeded. This was not necessary this year as all vessels have been deploying
mitigation measures as required, with an annual total of 83 birds caught at a catch rate of 0.068 birds / 1,000
hooks.
Future actions in South Africa
A sustainable reduction in seabird bycatch has been demonstrated in the trawl fishery, and the team are
working to create the same conditions in the other fisheries and playing an important supporting role in
monitoring and mitigation in the Asian vessels that fish in South African waters.
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: SOUTH AFRICA
99% reduction in albatross bycatch
35 vessels in the trawl fleet
15 Bird Mitigation Plans
52 television appearances, news articles and radio interviews
Image: Twin bird-scaring lines prevent foraging birds from accessing trawl cables in South Africa
Bokamoso Lebepe, BirdLife South Africa
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URUGUAY
Proyecto Albatros y Petreles & Aves Uruguay
Andrés Domingo, Sebastián Jiménez & Rodrigo Forsellado
Uruguayan pelagic longline and demersal trawl fisheries
Target fisheries
In recent years, our work in Uruguay has focused on the domestic pelagic longline fishery, although in the
past year this fleet has been largely inactive. The fleet targets swordfish, tunas and sharks and is expected
to resume fishing in 2015/16. The demersal trawl fishery, another fleet we are starting to work with is
composed of 27 vessels, which target hake in an area of common management with Argentina.
Pelagic longline fishery
As the fishery has been closed, the ATF in Uruguay conducted further experimental trials on board the
National Research vessel to test the sink rate of baited hooks under different line weighting strategies,
collecting critical information which is being collated in a review to be presented at the next Agreement on
the Conservation of Albatross and Petrel (ACAP) Seabird Bycatch Working Group meeting.
Demersal trawl fishery
This past year the team supported the development of the first assessment on the interaction of seabirds
with the Uruguayan demersal trawl fisheries. The team presented the initial results from this work to the
Sixth Meeting of the ACAP Seabird Bycatch Working Group that was held in Uruguay in September 2014.
The first phase of the project included observation of six trips and a total of 126 trawl sets. From this
observation effort, a total of 21 species were recorded to attend trawlers and 11 of these species interacted
with the trawl cables, with great shearwater, black-browed albatross, cape petrel, white-chinned petrel and
Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross being considered the most at risk. From 188.36 hours observing trawl
cables, 1,598 contacts (8.48 contacts per hour) were recorded, of which 229 were classed as heavy contacts.
34 birds were recorded as potentially suffering injuries that could lead to death a rate of 0.18 birds / hour, a
rate comparable with the South African fishery trawl fishery during the same season before mitigation
measures were introduced (0.17 birds / hour). Therefore the first results obtained suggest that the fishery
warrants further effort by the team to quantify the level of bycatch and work with government for the
prescription of mitigation measures.
National Plan of Action
An important step in Uruguay has been the review of the FAO National Plan of Action Seabirds to reduce
the seabird bycatch, which is now in draft form and awaiting formal adoption by the authorities. The ATF
team in Uruguay have provided input and support in the development and drafting of the new version
which will include improvements and best practice guidelines for the mitigation measures in the pelagic
longline fishery, covering both the national fleet and distant water fleets that fish in Uruguayan waters.
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ALBATROSS TASK FORCE: URUGUAY
27 trawl vessels fishing
126 trawl sets monitored for seabird bycatch
1,598 collisions between seabirds and trawl cables
41 birds observed injured or killed
Image: Atlantic petrels and spectacled petrels forage discards from the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery
Sebastian Jimenez, Proyeto del Albatros y Petreles - Uruguay
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CONCLUSIONS
The Albatross Task Force is an international team of expert practitioners of seabird bycatch mitigation
measures, and is built on the foundations of a small but highly dedicated group of individuals supported
by the BirdLife International network of partners and local host conservation organisations. This year the
joint effort of the teams has racked up over 700 days at sea in 15 fisheries, across eight countries and two
continents. While on shore, the teams have managed a combined effort of 850 meetings, port visits and
outreach events reaching at least 13,800 fishery stakeholders, officials and members of the public to
generate a wider understanding and awareness of the urgent need to reduce the unsustainable incidental
capture of vulnerable seabirds.
Driving the adoption of regulations
One of our most challenging objectives is to support the adoption of new fishery regulations that make the
use of seabird bycatch mitigation measures obligatory. This critical task is only possible by working with
industry and government departments so that they understand and support the need for the inclusion of
new fishery regulations that require the adoption of best practice mitigation measures. The progress made
to date is a great indication of the application our teams have shown in this area, with regulations already
in place in South Africa; a very positive modification of the regulations in Brazil being passed; an exciting
step forward toward new regulations in both the longline and trawl fleets in Namibia plus the
development of the pilot project in Argentina. By generating local collaborations with government and
industry, the Task Force has demonstrated the practicality and efficiency of the measures, and backed this
with solid data collections as part of commercial fishing operations. The in-port support and awareness
campaigns provided by our instructors has meant the measures we have proposed have been generally
well received with few objections received, which bodes well for the final steps we need to take to have
regulations adopted in these countries in the coming year.
Linking our local achievements to a global issue
The Task Force teams are strategically placed to confront the issue of albatross bycatch in the national
fisheries of the host countries. However, the practical recommendations we develop through the work
conducted by the Task Force and the collaborative and inclusive model we have developed is relevant for
use in global fisheries, both in other countries and on the high seas. Through our work with distant water
fleets that target highly migratory pelagic resources like tuna and swordfish, we have created links with
Asian fisheries operating in ports where the Task Force is based. Through the BirdLife International Marine
Programme we have been supporting efforts to develop new port-based outreach in fisheries far from the
countries where we are active, such as initiatives beginning in the Indian Ocean with the Taiwanese fleet
and providing data collection protocols for the Korean observer programmes. An important opportunity
this year was a new collaboration with the Spanish distant water fleet, via a workshop held in the port of
Vigo, Galicia. The Spanish fleet is one of the most globally active fisheries with significant effort across both
hemispheres and the at-sea experience of the Task Force is supporting the way in which we are able to
develop a collaborative approach with the Spanish fleet.
Supporting innovative development
There is an existing, and proven suite of conservation measures that are very effective at reducing the
interaction between seabirds and fisheries. However, this doesn’t mean that there is not room for
improvement. There are several emerging mitigation measures, such as the Hook Pod, Sliding Leads,
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Smart Hook and Setting Capsule which are all designed to provide alternative measures that sink baited
hooks rapidly out of the reach of foraging seabirds. The Albatross Task Force have continued to work with
emerging technologies that may provide even more effective solutions in the future, or complement the
options available to fishing industry to facilitate seabird-safe fishing operations no matter what the
conditions or situation. Making fishing safe and simple for crew is an important part of ensuring seabird
conservation measures are adopted and sustained in the long-term and innovative solutions require
independent testing in commercial conditions.
Future challenges
The focus of our work is to achieve sustainable reductions in ATF target longline and trawl fisheries.
Several years of at-sea experimental trials to test combinations of mitigation measures meant we could use
robust science to demonstrate to fishermen and fisheries managers the effectiveness and practical efficiency
of mitigation measures and provided a solid foundation that has paved the way toward achieving fishery
regulations, which are essential to achieving sustainable seabird bycatch reductions. There are still several
key steps to be taken with a wide range of fishery stakeholders in each country to achieve this goal, but the
last 12 months has put many of the essential building blocks in place. Additionally, we are uncovering
previously unknown threats to seabirds in fisheries that have never been investigated, such as the mid-
water longline fleets in the South American southern cone. Achieving our target reductions in these
fisheries could be expedited by exporting our knowledge and experiences from the industrial fleets we
have worked in since the inception of the ATF. However, important threats to seabirds are emerging for
gear types that currently have no known mitigation measures: purse seine and gillnet fisheries,
representing a complicated new challenge but one that our experienced team is beginning to tackle head-on
with promising, albeit early results. Taking a potential seabird conservation solution and developing it into
a dependable, practical mitigation measure is exactly what the ATF has proven is possible over the past
years, giving us the confidence and assurance to tackle these challenges.
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