team members - telangana · in telangana, an extensive weather observation network of 839 automatic...

TEAM MEMBERS

K.V.V. Ramesh

Project Manager

Sudheer Kumar Tiwari

Scientist 'SC'

Dr. M. Kavitha

Scientist 'SC'

A. Kamalakar Reddy

Team Leader

N. Narender

Senior Research Analyst

Pavan Vijjapu

Resource Analyst (GIS & Ground Truthing)

P. Sai Bharadwaj


Arun Singha Deb


M. Laxmi Prasad Rao


APSDPS

A. Ramkrishna Nagaraju

Assistant Executive Engineer

B. Shiv Kumar

Young Professional

HIGHLIGHTS

FORTNIGHTLY REPORT OF SEASONAL CONDITION

MONTH OF JUNE 2014

Seasonal condition is categorised as “Normal” in 350 Mandals as on date 30 June 2014

Seasonal condition is categorised as “Watch” in 99 Mandals as on date 30 June 2014

Rainfall 01st June to 30th June

243 Mandals out of 449 (54%) of state received scanty rainfall. 155 Mandals (35%) of the state

received deficit rainfall.

30 Mandals (7%) and 16 (4%) Mandals have received Normal and Excess rainfall, respectively.

5 Mandals (1%) of state received No Rainfall.

No Rain fall (-100%)

Scanty (-60 % to -90%)

Deficient (-59% to -20%)

Normal (-19% to +19%)

Excess (>19%)

Sl.

No District Name

No. of

Mandals

No

Rain

Sca

nty

Deficient

Normal

Excess

1 Adilabad 52 -- 34 17 1 --

2 Nizamabad 36 -- 21 14 1 --

3 Karimnagar 57 -- 22 28 6 1

4 Medak 46 -- 29 15 2 --

5 Hyderabad 1 -- 1 -- -- --

6 Ranga Reddy 37 -- 21 14 2 --

7 Mahabubnagar 64 1 14 23 13 13

8 Nalgonda 59 2 35 17 3 2

9 Warangal 51 -- 29 20 2 --

10 Khammam 46 2 37 7 -- --

State Total 449 5 243 155 30 16

Vegetation Index (NDVI)

Water Index (NDWI) Seasonal Condition

S.No.

Description

Page. No

1 Background and Rationale 1

2 1. Data used, Indicators and Methodology 4

3 Present status up to June 2014 8

3.1 Rainfall and other weather data 8

3.2 Reservoir Water Levels 12

3.3 Crop Sowing Progress 13

3.4 Vegetation Index 15

3.5 Surface Wetness Indicators 19

3.6 Vegetation Condition Index 23

3.7 Drought situation of Mandals 24

Conclusions 29

References 30

List of Tables

Table No. Description Page. No

1 Classification of Agricultural situation 3

2 Data source and indicators 4

3 Rainfall status as on 30th

of June 2014 8

4 Water levels in major reservoirs 12

5 District Wise Crop Sowing Area - Upto The Week Ending 25-06-2014 14

6 Mandals under Mild and Normal categories based on ISMS criteria 26

Figures

Figure 1: Location of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) 2

Figure 2: River Gauge station 2

Figure 3 : Flow chart of drought assessment methodology 7

Figure 4: Deviation of Rainfall in percent w.r.t. Normal from June 1 to 07 June 2014 9





Figure 9: District wise deviation from normal crop sown area as on date 25-06-2014 13

Figure 10: District wise deviation (graph) from normal crop sown area as on date 25-06-2014 14

Figure 11: NDVI- MODIS (250m): Monthly Time Composite for the year 2014 15

Figure 12: NDVI - MODIS (250m), Yearly Agricultural situation from 2014, 2013 and 2010 16

Figure 13: NDVI - MODIS (250m), Fortnightly Agricultural Situation for the year 2014 & 2010 17

Figure 14: NDVI deviation (MODIS - 250m) month of June w.r.t. 2010 18

Figure 15: NDWI-MODIS (250m): Monthly Time Composite for the year 2014 19

Figure 16: NDWI- MODIS (250m), Yearly Agricultural situation from 2014, 2013 and 2010 20

Figure 17: NDVI - MODIS (250m), Fortnightly Agricultural Situation for the year 2014 & 2010 21

Figure 18: NDWI-MODIS (250m) deviation from month of June w.r.t. 2010 22

Figure 19: Vegetation Condition Index, Month of June 2014 23

Figure 20: Mandal wise Drought Assessment based on ISMS Criterion 24

Figure 21 Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion of Rainfall deficient 25

Figure 22: Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion of Rainfall deficiency and Dry spell 25

Annexure

I District Wise Maps Showing Normal and Watch Mandals 31

II Dissemination of the report 40

1

1. Background and Rationale

Drought is a complex natural hazard. It is defined as any deficiency of water to satisfy the normal

need to agriculture, livestock, industry, or human population. Drought Assessment and monitoring is

essential for the agricultural sector to take appropriate mitigation measures. Drought indices derived

from satellite data play a major role in assessing the health and condition of the crops/vegetation.

National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS) project of National

Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO established a remote sensing based drought assessment

protocol utilizing the NDVI and NDWI. The Government of India has established Mahalanobis

National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC) under Department of Agriculture & Cooperation at New

Delhi for carrying out drought assessment at national level.

The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government of India published a drought manual in

2009 which suggested parameters like Rainfall deficiency, Area under sowing, NDVI, Moisture

Adequacy Index (MAI) and some other indictors to declare drought. The Government of Andhra

Pradesh (GoAP) uses the following criterion for declaration of Drought.

1. Mandatory Condition - Rainfall deficiency of 25% (>1000 mm rainfall area) and 20% (999 to

750 mm rainfall area) and 15% (<750 mm rainfall area)

2. Minimum of two condition to be fulfilled out of following three

a) Reduction in cropped areas of 50% and above under all principal crops.

b) Reduction in yields(50% and above), in case of high input oriented crops ground nut,

Bengal gram, hybrid sunflower yields may 40% reduction or above.

c) Dry spells and its impact on crop damages.

In Telangana, an extensive weather observation network of 839 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS),

41 soil moisture meters, 64 global radiation meters is established. River gauges are also established at

the outlet of each of the 15 sub-basins in Telangana to monitor the outflow and inflow in each sub-

basin. Andhra Pradesh State Development Planning Society (APSDPS) monitor the data and

maintains the networks. Figure 1 and Figure 2 showing the location of AWS and river gauge stations

in Telangana.

2

Figure 1: Location of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)

Figure 2: River Gauge station

3

Andhra Pradesh State Development Planning Society (APSDPS) and CRIDA have developed

software that assists in monitoring the all three agricultural, meteorological and hydrological drought

situation. Andhra Pradesh State Remote Sensing Applications Centre (APSRAC) has established a

protocol Integrated Seasonal Condition Monitoring System (ISMS). The objectives of the ISMS are

Concurrent monitoring of seasonal conditions using remote sensing, extensive weather

network data and continuous ground truth.

Develop an early warning (monitoring and forecasting) of drought using suite of indicators,

which will help to increase drought preparedness, and identify and implement appropriate

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures.

Early Warning to the Districts/Mandals.

ISMS uses the weather data provided by the above mentioned extensive observation network and

software, weekly progress of crop area sowings, ground water level and its fluctuation, command and

non-command area, water releases data, reservoir levels in addition to the Normalized Difference

Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) based methodology of

MNCFC. This output is verified through ground truth, additionally in context of the state specific

drought declaration criteria. The analysis is to be placed before a Technical Advisory Committee. The

agricultural situation is classified in three to four categories as per the NRSC i.e. Normal, Watch,

Alert for June to August and Normal, Mild, Moderate and Severe for September to October. The

details of the classification of agricultural situation are given in Table.1.

Table. 1. Classification of Agricultural situation

June - August

Normal Agricultural situation is normal

Watch

Progress of Agricultural situation is slow

Ample scope for recovery

No external intervention needed

Alert

Very slow progress of agricultural situation

Need for intervention.

Develop and implement contingency plans to

minimise loss

September -

October

Mild

drought Crops have suffered stress slightly

Moderate

drought

Considerable loss in production.

Take measures to alleviate suffering

Severe

High risk Significant reduction in crop yield

Management measures to provide relief

4

2. Data used, Indicators and Methodology

2.1. Data used

The details of data used under project is discussed in Table-2

Table. 2. Data source and indicators

Data source Product Indicators

MODIS (250/500m) Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWiFS Surface reflectance NDVI & NDWI

AWS/ DES

Daily rainfall & soil moisture

Crop sown area

Crop cutting experiments

Rainfall deviation

Dry spells

Soil moisture status

% deviation of crop sown

area

Crop Yield

Agriculture

Department Weekly sowing progress

District wise sown areas

deviation from normal

Irrigation Department Reservoir levels/ Water release

data

Command area Mandals

under canal irrigation

2.2 Indicators and Index

2.2.1 Rainfall and other weather data

In Telangana, South-West Monsoon is crucial for agriculture sector. The Meteorological

department (IMD) has announced that the South-West Monsoon reached Kerala and it will

take at least three more days to reach Telangana. All 845 AWS measures weather

parameters viz., rainfall, temperature, wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity in

addition to barometric pressure, soil moisture (41 locations) and global radiation (64

locations). AWS transmit the data every hour to APSDPS data center using GSM

technology. This data is used for computation of meteorological drought situations and the

conditions of the GoAP criteria.

2.2.2 Ground Water Level and Fluctuations

Groundwater has an important role in the environment. It replenishes streams, rivers, and

wetlands and helps to support wildlife habitat. It is used as primary source of drinking

water and also in agricultural and industrial activities.

2.1.1. Reservoir Water Levels

A scheme having Culturable Command Area (CCA) up to 2,000 hectares individually is

classified as minor irrigation scheme. A scheme having CCA more than 2,000 hectares and

up to 10,000 hectares individually is a medium irrigation scheme. A scheme having CCA

more than 10,000 hectares is major irrigation scheme.

5

2.1.2. Water Release - Major and Medium Project

In Telangana, Water is released during Kharif season to major and medium command

areas.

2.1.3. Crop Sowing Progress

Weekly crop sowing progress reports are taken from 'Season and Crop Coverage Report-

Kharif 2014' of Commissionerate of Agriculture, Telangana. The report includes current

status of Weather condition, Water level, Crop sowing and Agricultural Operations.

2.1.4. Crop Cutting Experiments

Crop cutting experiments are conducted at the end of Kharif Season, in order to obtain

fair, precise and accurate estimate of yield of principal crops which include Rice,

Groundnut, Sugarcane, Cotton etc.

2.1.5. Vegetation Index

The crop/vegetation reflects high energy in the near infrared band due its canopy geometry

and health of the standing crops/vegetation and absorbs high in the red band due to its

biomass and photosynthesis. Uses of these contrast characteristics of vegetation in near

infrared and red bands indicate both the health and condition of the crops/vegetation.

Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely used for operational drought

assessment because of its simplicity in calculation, easy to interpret and its ability to

partially compensate for the effects of atmosphere, illumination geometry etc.,

(Malingreau 1986, Tucker and Chowdhary 1987, Jhonson, et al., 1993, Kogan 1995).

NDVI is derived by the difference of these measurements and divided by their sum.

NDVI = (NIR-Red / NIR + Red)

The vegetation index is generated from each of the available satellite data irrespective of

the cloud cover present. To minimize the cloud, monthly time composite vegetation index

is generated.

2.1.6. Surface Wetness Indicators

Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) band is sensitive to moisture available in soil as well as in

crop canopy. In the beginning of the cropping season, soil back ground is dominant hence

SWIR is sensitive to soil moisture in the top 1-2 cm. As the crop progresses, SWIR

becomes sensitive to leaf moisture content. SWIR band provides only surface wetness

information. When the crop is grown-up, SWIR response is only from canopy and not

from the underlying soil. NDWI using SWIR can complement NDVI for drought

assessment particularly in the beginning of the cropping season. NDWI is derived as

under;

NDWI = (NIR-SWIR) / (NIR+SWIR)

6

Where, Near Infra Red and SWIR are the reflected energy in these two spectral bands.

Higher values of NDWI signify more surface wetness.

2.1.7. Vegetation Condition Index

Kogan (1995) developed Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) using the range of NDVI as

under,

VCI = (NDVI-NDVI min) / (NDVI max-NDVI min)*100

The current drought assessment expressed as percentage of deviation of NDVI and NDWI

based on 10 year NDVI and NDWI index values. The minimum and maximum value of

NDVI and NDWI, the VCI discriminated between the weather components.

2.3 Methodology

The methodology used by APSRAC to assess and monitor the agricultural conditions and

situation in the state at district and Mandal level uses IRS Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data. The Indian

Remote Sensing satellite (IRS) Resourcesat-2 having AWiFS (Advanced Wide Imaging Field

Sensor) payload collects data in two spectral bands 0.62-0.68µm (red) and 0.77-0.86 µm (near

infrared) with spatial resolution of 56 m and ground swath of 740 Km with a revisit period of 5

days. Along with this MODIS 250/500m satellite data provide spectra, radiometric and spatial

resolutions products for better monitoring of the agriculture. The combination of AWiFS and

MODIS is useful to increase the frequency of images

The different activities carried out through ISMS commence with acquisition of MODIS (250m)

and AWiFS (56m) satellite data. The satellite data being processed and NDVI and NDWI indices

are developed. Based on these indices deviation with respect to normal year (2010), VCI is

calculated and Mandal wise statistics are derived. The agricultural situation is assessed

incorporating Rainfall deviation, Command and non command areas, dry spell, CRIDA software

outputs, Drought prone border line areas, Crop sown area progress and ground truth along with

Satellite derived indices. The flow chart of methodology is shown in Figure 3.

7

Figure 3 : Flow chart of drought assessment methodology

NDVI & NDWI NDVI & NDWI

Satellite Data

MODIS AWiFS

VCI Deviation w.r.t.

Normal year

% Rainfall

Dev. Command and

Non command

areas Dry Spell

Jun

to

Au

g

Sep

to

Oct

Jun

to

Au

g

Sep

to

Oct

Normal

watch

Alert

Normal

Mild

Moderate

Severe

Normal

watch

Alert

Normal

Mild

Moderate

Severe

Composite

Fortnightly Report Ground

Truth

Weekly Sowing

Progress

Reservoir Level

voir level

Water Release

Sampling Plan based

on:

CRIDA software

output

(Meteorological,

Hydrological and

Agricultural)

Command/Non

command area

Drought Prone

border line areas

8

3. Present status up to June 2014

3.1. Rainfall data

The status of rainfall as on 30th June 2014 shown in Table 3. Nearly Fifty four percent (243 out of

449) mandals of the Telangana state received Scanty rainfall (-60% to-90%) and Thirty Five

percent are deficit (-20% to -59%). Only Thirty (7%) and Sixteen (4%) mandals are Normal

(+19% to-19%) and Excess (+19% or more) respectively. Five Mandals (1% out of the total

mandals) from Mahboobnagar (1), Khammam (2), and Nalgonda (2) received no rain during end

of the June 2014.

Table 3 Rainfall status as on 30th

June 2014

Sl.

No District Name

No. of

Mandals

No

Rain

-

100%

Scanty

-60% to -

99%

Deficient

-60% to -

99%

Normal

-19% to -

+19%

Excess

>19%

1 Adilabad 52 -- 34 17 1 --

2 Nizamabad 36 -- 21 14 1 --

3 Karimnagar 57 -- 22 28 6 1

4 Medak 46 -- 29 15 2 --

5 Hyderabad 1 -- 1 -- -- --

6 Ranga Reddy 37 -- 21 14 2 --

7 Mahabubnagar 64 1 14 23 13 13

8 Nalgonda 59 2 35 17 3 2

9 Warangal 51 -- 29 20 2 --

10 Khammam 46 2 37 7 -- --

State Total 449 5 243 155 30 16

9

The % deviation of Actual & Normal rainfall received up to 30th June 2014 shown in Fig. 4, 5 , 6 ,

7 & 8 respectively.

Figure 4: Deviation of Rainfall in percent w.r.t. Normal from June 01 to 07 June 2014


10



11


12

3.2. Reservoir Water Levels

All the major reservoirs is holding 448.87 TMC as on 30-06-2014, and as on date last year the

level had stood at 335.45 TMC. The detail of water levels of all major reservoirs as on 30-06-

2014 are furnished hereunder in Table 4.

SOURCE: IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT, A.P. HYDERABAD

*Reading as on 30.06.2014

PARTICULARS OF MAJOR RESERVOIRS AS ON 30/June/2014

Sl No Reservoir Name Time

FRL Gross

Capacity

THIS YEAR LAST YEAR

As on 30/June/2014 As on 30/June/2013

(feet) (TMC) Level

Gross

Storage Inflow Outflow Level

Gross

Storage

(in feet) (TMC) (Cusecs) (Cusecs) (in feet) (TMC)

Krishna Basin

1 ALMATTI 09:39 1705 129.721 1664.57 19.66 0 0 0 0

2 JURALA 09:44 1045 11.941 1034.45 5.77 250 309 1030.18 4.03

3 KC CANAL 00:00 957.99 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

4

KRISHNA

DELTA SYSTEM

09:45 57.05 3.071 55.85 2.78 1003 1003 57.05 3.071

5 NAGARJUNA

SAGAR 09:45 590 312.045 515.6 141.38 0 5740 519.8 148.91

6 NARAYANAPU

R 09:39 1615 37.646 1601.08 20.97 0 53 0 0

7 SRISAILAM 09:44 885 215.807 834.3 54.25 0 201 811.1 34.93

8 TUNGABHADR

A 09:40 1633 100.855 1594.16 13.33 3703 374 1600.78 20.62

9 UJJAINI 09:45 1630 117.24 1604.65 51.34 0 384 1603.32 49.03

Godavari Basin

10

GODAVARI

DELTA

SYSTEM

09:47 45 2.93 43.5 2.6785 8772 9000 42.8 2.5408

11 JAIKWAD 10:54 1522 102.732 1496.25 29.07 0 999 1491.37 21.45

12 KADDAM 09:49 700 7.6 680.575 3.573 46 46 696.05 6.611

13 LOWER

MANAIR DAM 09:49 920 24.074 898.85 9.71 0 169 882.5 3.683

14 NIZAM SAGAR 09:46 1405 17.803 1393.16 5.64 0 149 1379.42 1.21

15 SINGUR 09:46 1717.93 29.91 1704.74 13.65 0 428 1690.4 4.23

16 SRI RAM

SAGAR 09:46 1091 90.313 1067.5 24.45 0 456 1056.6 10.47

Pennar Basin

17 KANDALERU 09:47 278.89 68.03 225.9 15.32 0 579 220.22 12.46

18 SOMASILA 09:47 330 73.898 289.05 19.46 0 2501 270.88 8.01

19

VELIGODU

BALANCING RESERVOIR

09:49 868.5 16.95 831.96 3.35 0 40 833.01 3.58

Other Basins

20 VAMSHADHA

RA 09:48 125 0.612 119.75 0.214 600 50 125 0.612

21 YELERU 09:48 284 24.1 258.99 12.27 69 450 0 0

13

3.3. Crop Sowing Progress

For the week ending 25th

June 2014 the districts of Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Khammam,

Rangareddy, Medak are showing negative deviation (< -50%) of crop sown area. Adilabad,

Karimnagar showing negative deviation from - 50% to - 25%. Warangal shows negative

deviation from -25 % to 0%. Nizamabad shows positive deviation from the normal as on date.

The total area sown in the state is 428268 ha as against the normal sown area 949963 ha as on

date. The details are shown in Figure 9 and the deviation graph is shown in Figure10.

Figure 9: District wise deviation from normal crop sown area as on date 25-06-2014

14

DISTRICT WISE CROP SOWING AREA - UPTO THE WEEK ENDING 25-06-2014 (Table 5)

S.No District Name Normal (ha) Actual (ha) Deviation%

1 Rangareddy 40401 2413 -94.03

2 Khammam 63422 11418 -82.00

3 Medak 95725 20299 -78.79

4 Mahabubnagar 247384 62200 -74.86

5 Nalagonda 22827 6042 -73.53

6 Adilabad 221343 125075 -43.49

7 Karimnagar 86995 52282 -39.90

8 Warangal 133905 109724 -18.06

9 Hyderabad 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 Nizamabad 37961 38815 2.25

Total 949963 428268

Figure 10: District wise deviation (graph) from normal crop sown area as on date 25-06-2014

15

3.4. Vegetation Index

The NDVI (Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index) of June 2014 shown in the figures and

also compared with 2010 and 2013. The year 2010 is treated as a normal year. The Mandalwise

NDVI, NDVI situation from the year 2010, 2013 & 2014 , fortnightly agricultural Situation for

the year 2014 & 2010 and deviation of NDVI w.r.t. 2010 are shown in the Figures 11, 12, 13 and

14 respectively. The NDVI deviations with respect to the month of June 2010 indicate that

Medak, Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, and Nalgonda districts are under

stress condition while Warangal and Khammam are showing moderate deviation. As per rainfall

distribution the progress of agricultural situation may improve in further months.

Figure 11: NDVI- MODIS (250m): Monthly Time Composite for the year 2014

16

Figure 12: NDVI - MODIS (250m), Yearly Agricultural situation from 2014, 2013 and 2010

17

Figure 13: NDVI - MODIS (250m), Fortnightly Agricultural Situation for the year 2014 & 2010

18

Figure 14: NDVI deviation (MODIS - 250m) month of June w.r.t. 2010

19

3.5. Surface Wetness Indicators

The map indicates status of moisture availability in soil as well as in crop canopy for June 2014

The year 2010 is treated as a normal year. The Mandal wise NDWI, NDWI situation from the

year 2010, 2013 & 2014 , fortnightly agricultural Situation for the year 2014 & 2010 and

deviation of NDWI w.r.t. 2010 are shown in the Figures 15, 16, 17 and 18 respectively. The

NDWI deviations with respect to the month of June 2010 indicate that Adilabad, Medak,

Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, and Nalgonda districts are

under stress condition while Khammam are showing moderate deviation. As per rainfall

distribution the progress of agricultural situation may improve in further months.

Figure 15: NDWI-MODIS (250m): Monthly Time Composite for the year 2014

20

Figure 16: NDWI- MODIS (250m), Yearly Agricultural situation from 2014, 2013 and 2010

21

Figure 17: NDVI - MODIS (250m), Fortnightly Agricultural Situation for the year 2014 & 2010

22

Figure 18: NDWI-MODIS (250m) deviation from month of June w.r.t. 2010

23

3.6. Vegetation Condition Index:

VCI map expressed as percentage of deviation of NDVI and NDWI based on 11 year NDVI and

NDWI index values using an equation is shown in Figure 19. VCI indicates agricultural situation

over last ten years data. Low VCI is observed in parts of Warangal, Rangareddy, Mahabubnagar

Districts. Based on VCI 446 Mandals of state categorised under Normal, 03 Mandals of state

categorised under Watch VCI may vary due to cloud cover and situation may clear in next

month.

Figure 19: Vegetation Condition Index, Month of June 2014

24

3.7. Drought situation of Mandals:

3.7.1. Composite Criteria

The drought situation in the state is assessed using different indicators viz. Vegetation Condition

Index (VCI), Rainfall deviation and dry spells of mandals. Compositing all indicators mandals

were categorised into Normal and Watch. Mandal-wise analysis by the Month of June 2014

indicated “Normal” agricultural situation in 350 Mandals. The agricultural situation is categorized

as “Watch” in 99 Mandals. Adilabad, Karimnagar districts is excluded in the assessment as it is

covered during North-East Monsoon period. The Mandals under Normal and Watch categories

are given in the Table-5 and their spatial distribution is shown in Figure 20.

Figure 20: Mandal wise Drought Assessment based on ISMS Criterion

25

3.7.2. GoAP Criteria

The total 401 Mandals are under watch based on the GoAP criteria of rainfall deficiency and

based on rainfall deficiency & Dry spell 47 Mandals are under watch condition. The

distribution of the Mandals under watch category is shown in Figure 21 and 22 respectively

Figure 22: Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion of Rainfall deficiency and Dry spell

Figure 21: Drought Assessment based on GoAP Criterion of Rainfall deficient

26

Table 6 Mandals under Watch and Normal categories based on ISMS criteria

District Name Watch Normal

Adilabad

Total: 0 Total: 52

Adilabad, Asifabad, Bazarhathnoor, Bejjur, Bela, Bellampalle, Bhainsa, Bhimini,

Boath, Chennur, Dahegaon, Dandepalle, Dilawarpur, Gudihathnoor, Ichoda,

Inderavelly, Jainad, Jainoor, Jaipur, Jannaram, Kaddam (Peddur), Kagaznagar,

Kasipet, Kerameri, Khanapur, Kotapalle, Kouthala, Kubeer, Kuntala,

Laxmanchanda, Lokeswaram, Luxettipet, Mamda, Mancherial, Mandamarri,

Mudhole, Narnoor, Nennal, Neradigonda, Nirmal, Rebbana, Sarangapur, Sirpur,

Sirpur (T), Talamadugu, Tamsi, Tandur, Tanoor, Tiryani, Utnoor, Vemanpalle,

Wankdi

Karimnagar

Total: 1

Gambhiraopet

Total: 56

Bejjanki, Bheemadevarpalle, Boinpalle, Chandurthi, Chigurumamidi,

Choppadandi, Dharmapuri, Dharmaram, Eligedu, Elkathurthi, Ellanthakunta,

Gangadhara, Gollapalle, Husnabad, Huzurabad, Ibrahimpatnam, Jagtial,

Jammikunta, Julapalle, Kamalapur, Kamanpur, Karimnagar, Kataram, Kathlapur,

Kodimial, Koheda, Konaraopeta, Koratla, Mahadevpur, Malharrao, Mallapur,

Mallial, Manakondur, Manthani, Medipalle, Metpalle, Mustabad, Mutharam

(Mahadevpur), Mutharam(Manthani), Odela, Peddapalle, Pegadapalle, Raikal,

Ramadugu, Ramagundam, Saidapur, Sarangapur, Shankarapatnam, Sircilla,

Srirampur, Sultanabad, Timmapur(LMD Colony), Veenavanka, Velgatoor,

Vemulawada, Yellareddipet

Khammam

Total: 10

Aswapuram, Aswaraopeta, Burgampahad,

Chinthakani, Dummugudem, Kothagudem,

Kunavaram, Manuguru, Velairpadu,

Venkatapuram

Total: 36 Bayyaram, Bhadrachalam, Bonakal, Chandrugonda, Cherla, Chintur,

Dammapeta, Enkuru, Garla, Gundala, Julurpad, Kallur, Kamepalle, Khammam

(Rural), Khammam (Urban), Konijerla, Kukunoor, Kusumanchi, Madhira,

Mudigonda, Mulkalapalle, Nelakondapalle, Palwancha, Penuballi, Pinapaka,

Sathupalle, Singareni, Tallada, Tekulapalle, Thirumalayapalem,

Vararamachandrapuram, Vemsoor, Wazeed, Wyra, Yellandu, Yerrupalem

27

Mahbubnagar

Total: 28

Addakal, Alampur, Amangal, Amrabad,

Balanagar, Bomraspet, Chinnachintakunta,

Damaragidda, Dhanwada, Doulathabad,

Farooqnagar, Itikyal, Keshampet, Kodair,

Koilkonda, Kondurg, Kothur, Lingal,

Madgul, Manopad, Midjil,

Peddakothapalle, Tadoor, Utkoor,

Vangoor, Veepangandla, Veldanda,

Waddepalle

Total: 36

Achampet, Atmakur, Balmoor, Bhoothpur, Bijinapalle, Devarkadra, Dharur,

Gadwal , Ghanpur , Ghattu, Gopalpeta, Hanwada, Ieej, Jadcherla, Kalwakurthy,

Kodangal, Kollapur, Kosgi, Kothakota, Maddur, Maganoor, Mahbubnagar,

Makthal, Maldakal , Nagarkurnool, Narayanpet, Narva, Nawabpet, Pangal,

Pebbair, Peddamandadi, Talakondapalle, Telkapalle, Thimmajipet,

Uppununthala, Wanaparthy

Medak

Total: 10

Doultabad, Dubbak, Jharasangam, Kalher,

Kondapur, Mirdoddi, Patancheru,

Ramchandrapuram, Sadasivpet, Tupran

Total: 36

Alladurg, Andole, Chegunta, Chinnakodur, Gajwel, Hathnoora, Jagdevpur,

Jinnaram, Kangti, Kohir, Kondapak, Kowdipalle, Kulcharam, Manoor, Medak,

Mulug, Munpalle, Nangnoor, Narayankhed, Narsapur, Nyalkal, Papannapet,

Pulkal, Raikode, Ramayampet, Regode, Sangareddy, Shankarampet (R),

Shankarampet (A), Shivampet, Siddipet, Tekmal, Thoguta, Wargal, Yeldurthy,

Zahirabad

Nalgonda

Total: 22

Anumula, Chandam Pet, Chandur, Chilkur,

Devarakonda, Garidepalle, Huzurnagar,

Kangal, Marriguda, Mattampalle, Mella

Cheruvu, Miryalaguda, Munugode,

Nalgonda, Nampalle, Narayanapur,

Neredcherla, Pedda Adiserla Alle,

Peddavoora, Pochampalle, Valigonda,

Vemulapalle

Total: 37

Alair, Atmakur (M), Atmakur (S), Bhongir, Bibinagar, Bommalaramaram,

Chintha Palle, Chityala, Chivvemla, Choutuppal, Dameracherla, Gundala,

Gundla Palle, Gurrampode, Jajireddi Gudem, Kattangoor, Kethepalle, Kodad,

M.Turkapalle, Mothey, Mothkur, Munagala, Nadigudem, Nakrekal, Narketpalle,

Nidamanur, Nuthankal, Penpahad, Rajapet, Ramannapeta, Sali Gouraram,

Suryapet, Thipparthi, Thirumalgiri, Thripuraram, Thungathurthi, Yadagirigutta

Nizamabad

Total: 2 Bhiknoor, Domakonda

Total: 34

Armur, Balkonda, Banswada, Bheemgal, Bichkunda, Birkoor, Bodhan,

Dharpalle, Dichpalle, Gandhari, Jakranpalle, Jukkal, Kamareddy, Kammarpalle,

Kotgiri, Lingampet, Machareddy, Madnoor, Makloor, Mortad, Nagareddipet,

Nandipet, Navipet, Nizamabad, Nizamsagar, Pitlam, Ranjal, Sadasivanagar,

Sirkonda, Tadwai, Varni, Velpur, Yedpalle, Yellareddy

28

Rangareddy

Total: 24

Bantwaram, Chevella, Doma, Ghatkesar,

Ibrahimpatnam, Kandukur, Keesara,

Kulkacharla, Maheswaram, Malkajgiri,

Manchal, Medchal, Moinabad, Mominpet,

Pargi, Pudur, Qutubullapur, Rajendranagar,

Serilingampally, Shabad, Shamshabad,

Uppal, Vicarabad, Yacharam

Total: 13

Balanagar, Basheerabad, Dharur, Gandeed, Hayathnagar, Marpalle, Nawabpet,

Peddemul, Saroornagar, Shamirpet, Shankarpalle, Tandur, Yelal

Warangal

Total: 1

Bachannapet

Total: 50

Atmakur, Bhupalpalle, Chennaraopet, Cherial, Chityal, Devaruppula,

Dharmasagar, Dornakal, Duggondi, Eturnagaram, Geesugonda, Ghanpur

(Mulug), Ghanpur (Station), Govindaraopet, Gudur, Hanamkonda, Hasanparthy,

Jangaon, Kesamudram, Khanapur, Kodakandla, Kothagudem, Kuravi,

Lingalaghanpur, Maddur, Mahabubabad, Mangapet, Maripeda, Mogullapalle,

Mulug, Nallabelly, Narmetta, Narsampet, Narsimhulapet, Nekkonda, Nellikudur,

Palakurthi, Parkal, Parvathagiri, Raghunathpalle, Raiparthy, Regonda, Sangam,

Shayampet, Tadvai, Thorrur, Venkatapur, Warangal (Fully Urban),

Wardhannapet, Zaffergadh

29

4. Conclusions

Highlights of seasonal conditions at the end of June 2014 are as follows:

Total 243 Mandals received scanty rainfall in State. Scanty rainfall was recorded in Adilabad

(34), Karimnagar (22), Khammam (37), Mahabubnagar (14), Medak (29), Nalgonda (35),

Nizamabad (21), Ranga reddy (13) and Warangal (29).

155 Mandals of state received Deficient rainfall. Deficient rainfall was recorded in Adilabad

(17), Karimnagar (28), Khammam (07), Mahabubnagar (23), Medak (15), Nalgonda (17),

Nizamabad (14), Ranga Reddy (12) and Warangal (20).

30 Mandals received Normal rainfall in State. Normal rainfall was recorded in Adilabad (01),

Karimnagar (06), Mahabubnagar (13), Medak (02), Nalgonda (03), Nizamabad (01), Ranga

Reddy (10) and Warangal (02).

16 Mandals of state received Excess rainfall in State. Excess rainfall was recorded in

Karimnagar (01), Mahabubnagar (13), Nalgonda (02), Ranga Reddy (02).

Total 5 Mandals of state recorded No Rain in the districts of Khammam (02), Mahabubnagar

(01), Nalgonda (02).

As per the criteria of the GoAP, 360 Mandals are normal and 89 Mandals are under watch

category at the end of month.

VCI (NDVI & NDWI), 446 Mandals of state categorised under Normal, 03 Mandals of state

categorised under Watch.

Mandal wise analysis by the end of June indicated “Normal” agricultural situation in 350

Mandals. The agricultural situation is categorized as “Watch” 99 Mandals.

30

References

GoI Drought Manual,

http://drought.unl.edu/portals/0/docs/international/GovtIndiaDroughtManual.pdf

GoTG Drought Criterion, http://www.seri.ap.gov.in/gos/09012013DM_MS1.PDF

Kogan FN, 1995, Droughts of late 1980s in the USA as derived from NOAA polar orbiting satellite

data, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 76: 655-668

Malingreau JP, 1986, Global vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations over Asia, International

Journal of Remote Sensing, 7: 1121-1146

Season And Crop Coverage Report, Kharif - 2014 Department of Agriculture, Telangana

Tucker CJ and Chowdhary BJ, 1987, Satellite remote sensing of drought conditions, Remote

Sensing of Environment, 23: 243-251

http://drought.unl.edu/portals/0/docs/international/GovtIndiaDroughtManual.pdf

http://www.seri.ap.gov.in/gos/09012013DM_MS1.PDF

31

ANNEXURE I

District Wise Maps Showing Normal and Watch Mandals

40

ANNEXURE II

DISSEMINATION OF THE REPORT

1. Chief Ministers office

2. PS to Hon’ble Minister for Revenue

3. PS to Hon’ble Minister for Agriculture

4. PS to Hon’ble Minister for Finance

5. Chief Secretary

6. Principal Secretary Planning

7. Principal Finance Secretary

8. Principal Secretary Agriculture

9. Commissioner Disaster Management

10. Commissioner Agriculture

11. Director DES

12. Director CRIDA

13. Vice Chancellor ANGRAU

14. Director NRSC

15. Director MNCFC

16. To all the District Collectors

17. APSRAC and APSDPS web site (http://apsrac.ap.gov.in/ and http://apsdps.gov.in/ )

http://apsrac.ap.gov.in/

http://apsdps.gov.in/

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