team structure & development
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Team Structure & Development
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What is a TEAM ???
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A team is a group of people who work together to achieve a
common goal....
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Types of Teams
Formal - structured to perform specific tasks.
Informal - emerge naturally in response to organizational or member interests.
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Leader
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Facilitator
Team Structure
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Team Development
Forming - orientation, guidance
(dependence)
Storming - conflict, roles and
responsibilities, rules and
procedures, individual recognition
(counter dependence)
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Team Development (contd)
Norming - issue resolution, develop social agreements, cohesion, establish group norms (interdependence)
Performing - mutual assistance, creativity, understanding goals and roles (independence)
Adjourning - closure, symbolism, ceremonies, and emotional support.
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Communication Styles
• assertive
• competitive
• aggressive
• manipulative
• intuitive
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“Teams function cohesively when all members
understand the team’s purpose and its
relationship to the primary aim of the organization”
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Discussing issues as a team
• interact supportively
• establish common purpose
• gather and validate information
• keep the discussion moving
• give feedback
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Building agreement
“If you have solid facts to build on then a logical and well-
reasoned argument may be sufficient.....”
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Building agreement
“.........in other cases you might need to communicate support,
friendship or appreciation to try to persuade other members to
consider your ideas.....”
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Successful meetings need:
• an experienced team leader who can define and clarify problems and remain impartial
• the active support of management who must convince team members that the outcomes of the meeting will be taken seriously
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Circulate agenda containing a list of topics and the goals for the meeting in
advance.
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An agenda should explain:
• where the meeting is being held
• why it is taking place
• when it will start and finish
• what people should bring
• what sort of preparation is required
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Team leaders should:
• promote lively, focused discussion
• maintain an even distribution of speaking time
• restrict private discussion
• stop any “ganging up”
• help members to express their ideas
• ask questions to stimulate discussion
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Team members should:
• respect other members and their opinions
• understand the dynamics of working in teams
• speak clearly and succinctly
• listen actively
• think logically and analytically
• share speaking time fairly
• help keep the discussion on track
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Step-by-step problem solving means:
• having plenty of reliable information
• committing to a logical, analytical approach
• keeping stress levels low
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Distinguish symptoms from causes
Symptom - “Production is behind schedule”
Possible cause – “Equipment failure”
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Step 1: Define the problem and the present situation
the “where are we now” stage
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Step 2: Define the end goal
“How will we know when the problem is solved?”
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Step 3: Define the constraints on the solutions
money?
legal power?
information?
commitment?
time?
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Step 4: List missing information and make valid
assumptions
“we haven’t got the budget yet but last time costs were about Rs.7000.00....lets draw up a
tentative budget and confirm the amounts ....”
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Step 5: Brainstorm a range of alternatives
encourage ideas but do not evaluate their usefulness YET
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Step 6: Analyze alternatives and select the best option .....
.... which satisfies the group goal and incorporates the
constraints
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Step 7: Who? How? When? Where?
...time for action.....take the practical steps to implement your decisions
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Effective team presentations
• allocate the workload fairly and creatively wherever possible and match team member's talents to their tasks
• share information
• give feedback on each other's preparation
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Information gathering some primary sources
• observation of an issue at source
• interviews on site
• telephone interviews
• surveying people affected by the issue
• consulting to get expert opinion
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Information gathering some secondary sources
• library research
• newspaper articles
• past reports and projects
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Successful work team presentations
• are well structured
• have quality information
• are professionally presented
• have cohesive, well-rehearsed delivery
• capitalize on the team’s diverse personalities and styles
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An effective work team :
• understands and accepts a common goal compatible with the organization's aims
• builds team spirit through open communication and equitable distribution of workloads
• has a workable number of members who value and respect each other's differences