Teat Surgery

Adarsh Kumar

Anatomy

Anaesthesia of teat – Ring block

Needle placement for teat anesthesia in cattle.

(A) Inverted V block.(B) Ring block.

(C)Placement of a tourniquet and teat cannulafor infusion of local anesthetic into the teat cistern.

•Use plain Lignocainewithout adrenaline

Teat Lacerations

• Teat lacerations are categorized as

• Acute

• Chronic (more than 12 hours old).

• Surgical intervention on the teat is best performed during the first 12 hours following the injury.

• Teat lacerations are classified as simple or complex (inverted “Y” or “U”),

• Longitudinal or transverse, and proximal or distal.

• The orientation of the blood supply of the teat is longitudinal.

• A transverse laceration results in more damage to the blood supply resulting in more edema, avascular necrosis and dehiscence post-operatively compared with a longitudinal laceration.

• The more circumference is involved, the worse is the prognosis.

• Distal injuries involving the streak canal are also regarded as having a poor prognosis.

• Proximal and transverse lacerations are difficult to repair. At this location, the mucosa is difficult, the suture and the teat swell more post-operatively.

• Teat lacerations are classified as being partial thickness (skin to submucosa)

• Full thickness (skin to mucosa with milk leaking out of the incision).

• recommended to

• apply cold hydrotherapy on the injured teat while waiting for the veterinarian.

• The hydrotherapy helps decrease the inflammation and helps clean the teat for surgery.

You need 10 or 15 No. Blade- for debridement

Laceration repair

• Mucosa and the submucosa are first reconstructed using a simple continuous pattern.

• The muscular and subcutaneous layers are closed with a simple continuous pattern

• The skin is carefully apposed using a simple interrupted.

• Care is taken to leave the skin sutures slightly loose because swelling is expected at the surgery site.

• Throughout the procedure, the surgery site is frequently lavaged with saline.

• Antibiotics can be added to the lavage solution.

• Hemostasis is performed to avoid formation of mural hematoma that may obstruct the teat cistern.

Post operative

• self-retaining plastic teat canula with a cap into the streak canal

• Antibiotic umbrella.• Severe post-operative edema can be treated by

applying ice around the teat for a few days.• Crushed ice in a rectal sleeve can be placed around the

teat. Daily Twenty minute application.• The skin sutures are removed no more then 9 days

after the surgery.• If the sutures are left in place longer, excessive

fibrosis and suture tract infection may occur.

What instrument is this

• Hugs Teat tumor extractor

To remove a mass inside the teat cistern

What instrument is this

• Alligator forceps

• Remove milk stones or floating calculi

What instrument is this

• Lichty teat knife

• To enlarge tight streak canals

What instrument is this

• Spiral teat curette

Enlarge the teat canal

Teat cannulas and dilators.

NTI natural teat inserts.

Obstruction where a mass of granulation tissue or stenosis was

present but affected less than 30% of the mucosal surface of the teat cistern.

The mucosa proximal or distal to the lesion is grossly normal.

Type 1:

• Obstruction where greater than 30% of the teat cistern mucosa was abnormal due to stenosis or proliferating granulation tissue.

• Mucosa proximal to the lesion was grossly normal. Teat canal is normal in appearance.

Type II

•Obstruction due to presence of a membranous or fibrous structure between gland and teat cistern or between lactiferous duct and gland cistern.

• The mucosa of the teat cistern is normal.

Type III

•Obstruction due to fibrosis and stenosis of an extensive portion of the teat and gland cisterns (>30%).

•The mucosa is abnormal in the constricted area.

Type IV:

Abnormalities where a teat fistula, a webbed teat, or a laceration leading to a fistula was present.

The mucosa of the teat or gland cistern is inflamed or normal.

Type V:

What does chemical destruction of the teat involve

• 100 cc of (10% formalin diluted in 500 cc of saline)

• Or 100 cc of 3% silver nitrate solution

• 250 ml of acriflavine (1ml in 500 ml of NSS)

• 20 ml of 5% Copper sulfate

• 60 ml of chlorhexidine

• Pre-treat with Megludyne