techclass 2015_1
DESCRIPTION
earthquake resistant constructionTRANSCRIPT
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classificationOccupancyInternational Building CodeNational Building Code
Structural Classification
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International Building CodeAssembly (Group A)places used for people gathering for entertainment, worship, and eating or drinking.
A-1 Buildings intended for the production and viewing of performing arts or motion pictures (theaters, concert halls).
A-2 Buildings intended for food and/or drink consumption (restaurants)
A-3 Buildings intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not otherwise classified
A-4 Buildings intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating (arenas)
A-5 Buildings intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities (stadiums).
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International Building CodeBusiness (Group B) places whereservicesare provided Examples: banks, insurance agencies, government buildings (including police and fire stations), and doctor's offices.
Educational (Group E) schools and day care centers
Factory (Group F) places where goods are manufactured or repaired.
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International Building CodeHigh-Hazard (Group H) places involving production or storage of very flammable or toxic materials.
Institutional (Group I) places where people are physically unable to leave without assistance.
Mercantile (Group M) places where goods are displayed and sold.
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International Building CodeResidential (Group R) places providing accommodations for overnight stay
Storage (Group S) places where items are stored (unless considered High-Hazard).
Utility and Miscellaneous (Group U)
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National Building Code (2005)Group A Residential
A-1 Lodging or rooming houses
A-2 One or two-family private dwellings
A-3 Dormitories
A-4 Apartment houses (flats)
A-5 Hotels
A-6 Hotels (Starred)
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National Building Code (2005)Group B Educational BuildingsB-1 Schools up to senior secondary level B-2 All others/training institutions
Group C Institutional BuildingsSub-division C-1 Hospitals and sanatoria C-2 Custodial institutions C-3 Penal and mental institutions
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National Building Code (2005)Group D Assembly BuildingsD-1 theatrical or motion picture or any other stage and fixed seats for over 1000 D-2 theatrical or motion picture or any other stage and fixed seats upto 1 000 persons D-3 without a permanent stage having accommodation for 300 or more persons but no permanent seating arrangement. D-4 without a permanent stage having accommodation for less than 300 persons with no permanent seating arrangement. D-5 All other structures including temporary structures designed for assembly of people not covered by sub-divisions D-1 to D-4, at ground level.D-6 Buildings having mixed occupancies providing facilities such as shopping, cinema theatres, and restaurants. D-7 All other structures, elevated or underground, for assembly of people not covered by sub-divisions D-1 to D-6.
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National Building Code (2005)Group E Business BuildingsE-1 Offices, banks, professional establishments, like offices of architects, engineers, doctors, lawyers and police stations.
E-2 Laboratories, research establishments, libraries and test houses.
E-3 Computer installations.
E-4 Telephone exchanges.
E-5 Broadcasting stations and T.V. stations
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National Building Code (2005)Group F Mercantile BuildingsF-1 Shops, stores, departmental stores markets with area up to 500m2.
F-2 Shops, stores, departmental stores markets with area more than 500m2.
F-3 Underground shopping centers
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National Building Code (2005)Group G Industrial BuildingsG-1 low hazard industries.
G-2 moderate hazard industries.
G-3 high hazard industries.
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National Building Code (2005)
Group H Storage Buildings
Group J Hazardous Buildings
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Building Strength
Durability
Serviceability
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BELT TRUSS SYSTEMCORE TRUSSMEGA STUCTUREOUT-TRIGGER TRUSSSHANGHAI TOWER
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Structural LoadsWind LoadsSeismic Loads Gravity loads Dead loads Live loads Snow loads
Lateral loads Wind loads Seismic loads
Special load cases Impact loads Blast loads
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rigid frame construction.steel / concrete greater lateral rigidity. horizontal and vertical loads resistantbraced panelsShear walls tend to be used only in conjunction with other support systems.
Shear wall system
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FRAMED-TUBE STRUCTURESDeep spandrel girders between closely spaced columns
Span 2 m -4 m
Stiff tube - high moment resistance
Efficient fro more than 15 stories
Lateral load resistance by web action in the direction of force and flange action perpendicular to direction of force
Dewitt chestnut
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THE TRUSSED TUBE (DIAGRID)
Axial member forces developed to resist lateral forces
minimum number of diagonals
Diagonals intersect at same point of column
Tubular and truss action
Relatively large column spacing can resulted large clear spaces for windows
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allows for wider column spacing compared to exterior frame tube form.
The spacing which make it possible to place interior frame lines without compromising interior space planning.
variety of dynamic shapesSears Tower, Chicago. BUNDLED TUBE SYSTEM
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TUBE-IN-TUBE SYSTEM Outer hull with elevator core
The Hull and core act jointly in resisting both gravity and lateral loading.
The outer framed tube and the inner core interact horizontally as the shear and flexural components of a wall-frame structure, with the benefit of increased lateral stiffness.
The structural tube usually adopts a highly dominant role because of its much greater structural depth.Lumbago Tatung Haji Building, Kuala Lumpur
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Construction materials
ConcreteAdvantagesPlasticityEasily availability Easy in castingNon corrosiveCan be cast in situ
DisadvantagesCost of formDead weightDifficulty in pouring
RequirementStrengthLow weightHandlingInterchangeabilityMulti usabilityLow costReusability
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StrengthLoadsGravityDLLLWLSLEQLThermal LoadSettlement LoadDynamic Load
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Strength Durability and ServiceabilityMaterial propertyPhysical Chemical
Integration
Aesthetics
Economy