technical assistance consultant’s report · of this report was made possible through the...

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

Project Number: 7106 June 2011

India: Preparing the Bihar Urban Development Project—Initial Environmental Examination for Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

Prepared by:

GHK Consulting Limited, UKG, in association with STUP Consultants P. Ltd., IND, and

Castalia Strategic Advisors, USA

For Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar

Bihar Urban Development Investment Programme (BUDIP)

Appendix 1 to Concept Design

Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

GHK, UK

in association with

Castalia

STUP Consultants

Urban Development & Housing

Department

Government of Bihar

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

June 2011

Bihar Urban Development Investment Programme

i Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

Acknowledgements

“Any city however small, is in fact divided into two, one the city of the poor, the other of the rich.

These are at war with one another.” Plato (BC 427-BC 347)

During the tenure of this assignment, help, co-operation and assistance have been obtained from

a large number of individuals, government departments, local bodies, para-statal agencies, social

workers, representatives of NGOs and CBOs. They have provided their valuable time and

suggestions to members of the PPTA team to assist in this study. It is rather difficult to thank them

individually. We express our sincere thanks to all those people collectively.

Their support, encouragement and insights into the social, economic, environmental and

infrastructure problems of the study area and the sector as a whole have provided an essential

input into the proposals in the report. More often than not, these suggestions triggered useful

discussions in shaping various projects in project towns of Bhagalpur, Darbhanga, Gaya and

Muzzaffarpur for infrastructure improvement.

In addition to the obviously critical technical support by the Asian Development Bank, preparation

of this Report was made possible through the enthusiastic support and guidance of Shri Girish

Shankar, Principal Secretary (up to February 2011) and Shri D K Shukla, Special Secretary of the

Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar and the Mayors, Municipal

Commissioners and their enthusiastic staff in the preparation of this PPTA report. At the very

pragmatic level, Mr. Hiroyuki Ikemoto, the ADB Urban Development Economist, continues the

challenge of supporting the consulting team and their enormous requests. Our thanks are also due

to Shri Shashi Shekhar Sharma who guided the completion of this final report upon taking over as

Principal Secretary from February 2011.

Unknown to them, but the daily observation of all residents, their situations and their needs

contributes the most to the exercise, and will be thanked by successfully contributing this project's

results to their future.

Consultants Team

S Bhattacharyya, Project Management Specialist /Team Leader

John R Block, Water Sector Specialist

John R Bowers, Urban Planner

Vijay Tandon, Project Economist/Project Director

Krishnan Padmanabhan, Financial Management & Accounting Specialist

Archana S Hinduja, Urban Planner

Parthajit Patra, Water Supply Specialist

Tapan Banerjee, Institutional Specialist

Sandeepan Choudhury, Sewerage Specialist

Ardhendu Mitra , Environment Specialist

Saswati Ghosh Belliappa, Social & Community Development Specialist

Naval Paswan, Economist

Rajeev Singh, Statistician

Suresh Gupta, Procurement Specialist

Sunil Kumar Goyal, Municipal Engineer

Arkaja Singh, PPP Specialist

P N Bhattacharya, Municipal Engineer


ii Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

Appendix 1 - Initial Environmental Examination

Abbreviations

Executive Summary

Contents

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Purpose of the Report .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Extent of the IEE Study ............................................................................................................ 1

2 Description of the Project .................................................................................. 3 2.1 Type, Category and Need ........................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Location and Implementation Schedule ................................................................................... 3 2.3 Description of the Subproject ................................................................................................... 5

3 Description of the Environment ...................................................................... 10 3.1 Physical Resources ................................................................................................................ 10 3.2 Biological Resources .............................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Economic Development.......................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Social and Cultural Resources ............................................................................................... 20

4 Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................................21 4.1 Pre-construction – Location and Design ................................................................................ 22 4.2 Construction ........................................................................................................................... 24 4.3 Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................................... 31

5 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ........................................... 34 5.1 Project Stakeholders .............................................................................................................. 34 5.2 Consultations and Disclosures Conducted............................................................................. 35 5.3 Future Consultation and Disclosure ....................................................................................... 36

6 Grievance Redress Mechanism ....................................................................... 37

7 Environmental Management Plan .................................................................. 38 7.1 Institutional Arrangements ...................................................................................................... 38 7.2 Environmental Mitigation Plan ................................................................................................ 40 7.3 Environmental Monitoring Program ........................................................................................ 40 7.4 Environmental Management Plan Costs ................................................................................ 58

8 Findings and Recommendations ..................................................................... 58

9 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 59

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Muzaffarpur Waste Water Subproject Components ............................................ 7

Table 2: Average Annual Rainfall in Muzaffarpur ............................................................ 14

Table 3: Present Status of Surface Water Quality ........................................................... 15

Table 4: Forest Area......................................................................................................... 17

Table 5: List of Fauna....................................................................................................... 17

Table 6: Present Land-Use pattern of Muzaffarpur Town ................................................ 18

Table 7: Fields in which construction is not expected to have significant impacts .......... 25


iii Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

Table 8: Fields in which operation and maintenance of the completed sewerage system

is not expected to have significant impacts ...................................................................... 31

Table 9: Waste Water Quality Discharge Standards ....................................................... 32

Table 10: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Pre-construction

Environmental Mitigation Plan .......................................................................................... 40

Table 11: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Construction Environmental

Mitigation Plan .................................................................................................................. 42

Table 12: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – O&M Environmental Mitigation

Plan ................................................................................................................................. 48

Table 13: Pre-construction Environmental Monitoring Program ...................................... 51

Table 14: Construction Environmental Monitoring Program ............................................ 52

Table 15: Operation and Maintenance Environmental Monitoring Program .................... 57

Table 16: Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs (INR) ............................... 58

LISTOF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of Muzaffarpur District in Bihar ............................................................. 4

Figure 2: Muzaffarpur District Map ..................................................................................... 4

Figure 3: Area of Muzaffarpur Municipality and Different Wards ....................................... 5

Figure 4: Location of proposed STP at Khabara village in Muzaffarpur ............................ 7

Figure 5: Plan showing Trunk Sewer Main, Pumping Main and Pumping Stations at

Muzaffarpur ........................................................................................................................ 9

Figure 6: Seismic Zonation Map of India.......................................................................... 11

Figure 7: GSHAP Seismic Map of Bihar .......................................................................... 12

Figure 8: Environmental Sensitive area of Muzaffarpur ................................................... 12

Figure 9: Flood Hazard Map of Bihar shows Muzaffarpur .............................................. 13

Figure 10: Grievance redress mechanism - BUDIP ......................................................... 37

Figure 11: Institutional Responsibility for Implementation of Environmental Safeguard

under BUDIP .................................................................................................................... 39

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex 1: Site Photographs 60

Annex 2: Proposed STP Technology: Extended Aeration System 62

Annex 3:Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 64

Annex 4:Public Consultation- Environment 68

Annex 5:Recommended Contract Clauses 71

iv Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB — Asian Development Bank

AC — Asbestos cement

ASP — Activated Sludge Process

BOQ — Bill of quantity

BUDIP — Bihar Urban Development Investment ProGRAMMEt

BUIDCO ---- Bihar Urban Infrastructure development Corporation

CBO — Community-based organization

CFE — Consent for Establishment

CFO — Consent for Operation

CLC — City Level Committees

CPHEEO — Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization

DI — Ductile Iron

DSC — Design and Supervision Consultants

EAC — Expert Appraisal Committee

EARF — Environmental Assessment Review Framework

EC - Environmental Clearance

EIA — Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP — Environmental Management Plan

EMS — Environmental Monitoring Specialist

GRC — Grievance Redress Committee

GSHAP — Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program

H and S — Health and safety

IEE — Initial Environmental Examination

JNNURM — Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

MFF — Multitranche financing facility

MLD — Million liters per day

MOEF — National Ministry of Environment and Forests

MPS — Main Pumping Station

NAAQS — National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NGO — Nongovernmental organization

O and M — Operation and maintenance

OMC — Operations and Maintenance Contractors

PHED — Public Health Engineering Department

PIU — Programme Implementation Unit

PMU — Programme Management Unit

ROW — Right of way

v Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

SEIAA — State Environment Impact Assessment Authority

SPS — Safeguard Policy Statement

STP — Sewage treatment plant

TOR — Terms of reference

UIDSSMT — Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns

ULB — Urban local body

USEPA — United States Environmental Protection Agency

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000

crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000

µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter

km – kilometer

lpd – liters per day

m – meter

mg/l – milligrams per liter

mm – millimeter

ppm – parts per million

NOTE{S}

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees

vi Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Bihar Urban Development Investment Programme (BUDIP) is intended to optimize social and economic development in 4 selected towns/cities in the State under Phase I, particularly district headquarters with significant development potential. BUDIP Phase I will be implemented over a seven year period beginning in 2011, and being funded by a Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Executing Agency is the Urban Development & Housing Department (UDHD) of the Government of Bihar; and the Implementing Agency is the BUIDCO Programme Management Unit (PMU) of the Bihar Urban Development Investment Programme (BUDIP). ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank‘s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB‘s SPS (2009). This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans.

2. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation Subproject as part of BUDIP Tranche 1. The subproject covers (i) construction of a sewage treatment plan (STP), (ii) laying of trunk mains sewer pipes, (iii) laying of sub-mains and laterals, (iv) laying of pumping main, and (v) construction of pumping stations. The subproject is needed due to lack of integrated sewerage and sanitary system in Muzaffarpur resulting to unsanitary conditions prevailing in the town. Wastewater commonly overflows to the drainage system, which is under-designed and not maintained, causing unhygienic and odorous pools forming on roads and other depressions. The groundwater table is also likely to be contaminated due to seepage of wastewater through leaky and broken water supply pipe lines.

3. Detailed design will be begin under PPTA in the month of March 2011 and expected to be completed in June 2011. Implementation will be started from 2012 and likely to be completed by middle of 2014.

4. The subproject sites (sewer lines and STP) are located in Khabara Village, outside municipal area of Muzaffarpur town. The subproject sites are generally flat. The subproject sites are not located in areas prone to water-logging, salinasation, flash flood. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in the subproject sites. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those commonly found in urban areas. The subproject sites are not located in or near any historically-, culturally-, archaeologically- or architecturally-significant or tourists area. There is no settlement within 500 m of the STP site except one household, noted within 250 m of the proposed STP location.

5. After treatment treated water after conforming the standard will be discharged to Furdoo nala passing nearby the proposed STP location and partly will be released to agricultural land (specifically during summer period) as a source of irrigation water.

6. Availability of environmentally-suitable lands for an STP is very limited in Muzaffarpur. The present site has been considered because it is located in an area of: (i) at least 500 m from any inhabited areas; (ii) no risk of flooding or other hazards that might impair the functioning of the plant; (iii) no risk of chance finds; (iv) no waterway that is a source of water for domestic or municipal supply; and (v) available right-of-way for the sewer network.

7. No potential impacts were identified as being due to the subproject design but were identified in relation to construction and operation of the infrastructure. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is proposed as part of this IEE which includes (i) mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation, (ii) environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and grievance redress mechanism. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs.

vii Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation

8. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of large quantities of waste soil and import a similar amount of sand to support the sewer pipes in the trenches; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, traffic and important buildings by the construction work. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for mitigation.

9. The use of asbestos cement (AC) pipes in the existing water distribution network presents a particular risk to workers and the public if disturbed, as inhalation of asbestos dust, which is carcinogenic. These systems will not be disturbed under the project and kept in place. Moreover, special measures were developed to protect workers and the public from exposure to carcinogenic asbestos fibres in the event that AC pipes used in the existing water supply system are uncovered accidentally during excavation work.

10. Specific measures have been developed to avoid damaging important remains in case of chance archaeological finds during excavation work.

11. The project will employ persons from the local workforce who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; and ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities.

12. Once the system is operating, most facilities (STP, sewer network, pump house) will operate with routine maintenance. Leaks in the sewer network will be monitored and repaired. It will also be conducted in areas that have already been excavated, so there will be no need to protect archaeological material.

13. The main impacts of the operating water supply system will be beneficial as the citizens of Muzaffarpur will be provided with an underground sewage system, which will serve a greater proportion of the population, including slum-dwellers. This will improve the quality of life of people as well as benefiting both individual and public health as the improvements in hygiene will reduce the incidence of disease associated with poor sanitation.

14. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to be conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures are implemented, and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. Corrective measures to be taken as necessary. This will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the Investment Project Management Unit (PMU). There will also be longer-term surveys to monitor the expected improvements in the quality of discharged treated effluent and the health of the vicinity of the project area.

15. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through face-to-face discussions on site and a large public meeting held in the town, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and the planning and development of the project. The IEE will be made available at public locations in the town and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB website. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation by a nationally-recognized NGO appointed to handle this key element and to ensure stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation.

16. The subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the Project as Category ―B‖ is confirmed, and no further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken.


Appendix 1 - IEE: Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation 1

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Report

Bihar Urban Development Investment Programme (BUDIP) is intended to optimize social

and economic development in 4 selected towns/cities in the State, particularly district

headquarters with significant development potential. This will be achieved through

investments in urban infrastructure (water supply; sewerage and sanitation; solid waste

management; and urban storm water drainage). The assistance will be based on the

State-level framework for urban reforms, and institutional and governance reforms

recommended by the Government of India through the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban

Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small

and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).

BUDIP will be implemented over a seven year period beginning in 2011, and being funded

by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The Executing Agency is the Urban Development & Housing Department (UDHD) of the

Government of Bihar; and the Implementing Agency is the BUIDCO Programme

Management Unit (PMU) of the Bihar Urban Development Investment Programme

(BUDIP).

This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Muzaffarpur Waste

water Subproject as part of BUDIP. The subproject covers (i) construction of a sewage

treatment plan (STP); (ii) laying of trunk mains sewer pipes, (iii) laying of sub-mains and

laterals, (iv) laying of pumping main, and (v) construction of a pumping station.

This IEE report covers the general environmental profile of Muzaffarpur and includes an

overview of the potential environmental impacts and their magnitude on physical,

ecological, economic, and social and cultural resources within the subproject‘s influence

area during design, construction, and operation stages. An Environmental Management

Plan (EMP) is also proposed as part of this report which includes mitigation measures for

significant environmental impacts during implementation of the Project, environmental

monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation and monitoring.

1.2 Extent of the IEE Study

This IEE report was prepared on the basis of detailed screening and analysis of all

environmental parameters, field investigations and stakeholder consultations to meet the

requirements for environmental assessment process and documentation per ADB‘s

Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) and Government of India Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) Notification of 2006.

1.2.1 ADB Policy

ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB‘s operations,

and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB SPS 2009.

This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program

loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial

intermediaries, and private sector loans.

Screening and Categorization. The nature of the environmental assessment required for

a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to

the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale, nature and magnitude of its

potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are

screened for their expected environmental impact are assigned to one of the following four

categories:

(i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts.



(ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

(iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed.

(iv) Category FI. Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all Projects will result in insignificant impacts

Environmental Management Plan. An EMP which addresses the potential impacts and

risks identified by the environmental assessment shall be prepared. The level of detail and

complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be

commensurate with the Project‘s impact and risks.

Public Disclosure. ADB will post the following safeguard documents on its website so

affected people, other stakeholders, and the general public can provide meaningful inputs

into the project design and implementation:

(i) For environmental category A projects, draft EIA report at least 120 days before Board consideration;

(ii) Final or updated EIA and/or IEE upon receipt; and

(iii) Environmental Monitoring Reports submitted by Project Implementation Unit during project implementation upon receipt.

1.2.2 National Law

The Government of India EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994),

sets out the requirement for environmental assessment in India. This states that

Environmental Clearance is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be

obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may

commence. Projects are categorised as A or B depending on the scale of the project and

the nature of its impacts.

Categories A projects require Environmental Clearance from the National Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MOEF). The proponent is required to provide preliminary details

of the project in the form of a Notification, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee

(EAC) of the MOEF prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) for the EIA study,

which are finalized within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by

the EAC, MOEF considers the recommendation of the EAC and provides the

Environmental Clearance if appropriate.

Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact

Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State level EAC categorises the project as either B1

(requiring EIA study) or B2 (no EIA study), and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60

days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues

the Environmental Clearance based on the EAC recommendation. The Notification also

provides that any project or activity classified as category B will be treated as category A if

it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, notified

areas or inter-state or international boundaries.

The only type of infrastructure provided by the BUDIP that is specified in the EIA

Notification is solid waste management, where EC is required for all Common Municipal

Solid Waste Management Facilities (facilities that are shared by more than one town).



1.2.3 Others

Actions required for establishment of the STP in Muzaffarpur (Table 2 of the

Environmental Assessment Resettlement Framework [EARF]) includes obtaining from

Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) (i) Consent for Establishment (CFE) before

construction; and (ii) Consent for Operation (CFO) after construction prior to operation of

the sewage treatment plant. In order to apply for the CFE, the land is to be acquired and

receipt of a land allotment letter is to be submitted as part of the application.

2 Description of the Project

2.1 Type, Category and Need

Type. This is an urban sewerage subproject intended to improve the current environment

in Muzaffarpur. This is one of a series of subprojects designed by the BUDIP that are

intended to raise the standards of the municipal infrastructure and services of Muzaffarpur

town and the other urban centres to those expected of modern Asian towns. Location of

Muzaffarpur district is shown in Figure 1.

District map of Muzaffarpur and Municipal area of Muzaffarpur town is shown in Figure 2

and 3 respectively.

Category. Environmental examination indicates the proposed subproject falls within

ADB‘s environmental Category B projects. The Project components will only have small-

scale, localized impacts on the environment, and can be mitigated. Under ADB procedures

such projects require an IEE to identify and mitigate the impacts, and to determine

whether further study or a more detailed EIA may be required.

Need. For a town/city with present population density of almost 150 persons per ha and a

projected population density of more than 200 persons per ha by 2026, it is not

economically viable to provide onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems, like the

septic tank with the soak pit, to individual households. This will cost Rs. 3,500 per capita,

which is higher than the cost of providing sewerage system with sewage treatment plant.

However, in some areas with low population densities, the onsite sanitation system can be

considered as an alternative. Also for improvement of hygienic condition of the town/city

underground sewerage system is needed.

2.2 Location and Implementation Schedule

The subproject is located in Muzaffarpur town of Muzaffarpur District, in the eastern part of

Bihar in eastern India. The proposed infrastructures will be located in and around the town.

The STP site is located in village Khabara, about 3 km from Muzaffarpur town. The

present site has been considered because it is located in an area of: (i) at least 500 m

from any inhabited areas (except single household located within 250-300 m); (ii) no risk of

flooding or other hazards that might impair the functioning of the plant; (iii) no risk of

chance finds; (iv) no waterway that is a source of water for domestic or municipal supply;

and (v) available right-of-way for the sewer network.

Detailed design will begin in the month of March/April 2011 and will be completed by July

2011. Implementation will be started in the year 2012 and likely to be completed by end of

2014.

Annex 1 shows photograph of project locations

.



Figure 1: Location of Muzaffarpur District in Bihar

Figure 2: Muzaffarpur District Map



1

2

6

7

8

9

5

3

4

1120

23 2240

21

19 1816

4443

42

3846

48

37

36

35

24

25

3429

30

33

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10

27

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12

13

14 15

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47

49

Training SchoolSeminary SchoolMukherjee

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Chapman Girls School

MDDM College

Govt. Polytechnic

Bihar University

Langat Singh College

ELectricity Board Office

Police Line

Reserve Police Station

Race Course

Brahampura Lake

Medical College

Railway Station

Industrial Area

Bus Stand

Womens Teachers

Central Jail

Electricity Supply

Power House

MIT

Office Complex

Mithanpura Jn

Jubba Sahni Park

Kalambagh Jn

Maripur Chowk

Hathi Chowk

ChhatarbhujSthan Chowk

Chanderlok Chowk

Engineering College

Stadium

Sikandarpur Ground

32

41B.B. Collegiate School

39

Ram Dayalu Singh College

Training College

Banaras Bank Chowk

HomeoCollege

R.N. College

Graveyard

River B

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Riv

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andak

River Budhi Gandak

River Budhi Gandak

Furd

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iver

Fu

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Fu

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Zero Mile

Tower Chowk

Pan

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Gola Road

Katchary RoadChurch Road

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Fire Station

Kali Bari Road

Sukul Road

Gudri Bazar Road

Katchi Sarai Road

Hind Marsh Road

Society Road

Warsley Road

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Nati

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National Highway No. 102

National H

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Figure 3: Area of Muzaffarpur Municipality and Different Wards

2.3 Description of the Subproject

2.3.1 Existing Sewerage System

There is no organized sewer network in the Project Area at present. The existing storm

water drains serve as the sewage collection system. During the dry season these drains

carry only dry weather flow and during monsoon a combined flow of sewerage and storm

water runoff. Due to inadequate capacity of these storm water drains flooding occur during

events of heavy rains and the sewage mixed storm water overflows the drains.

A considerable number of individual houses (80% of the total households) have

constructed septic tank. Around 15% population is served by low cost sanitation and dry

latrines. Existence of onsite disposal systems like soak pits are mostly absent. The septic

tank effluent and sullage from the premises is discharged to adjacent storm water drains.

2.3.2 Proposed Sewerage System

A preliminary sewer network alignment has been prepared based on the very approximate

levels. Following the land availability a piece of land has been identified for STP in the

North Eastern fringe of the Municipality, at a distance of about 2 km from the boundary of

municipality.

The Project Area is divided into 9 smaller sewerage zones mainly depending on the

topography. For each sewerage zone, an outline estimate of the total lengths of primary

and secondary sewers is obtained by identifying the major roads.



Total Road Length km 300

Proposed Coverage (90%) km 270

Primary/Trunk Sewer (300-1400 mm dia) km 47.5

Secondary sewer (250-355 mm dia) km 54.5

Tertiary sewer (160 -250 mm dia) km 168

The proposed sewerage system includes 9 intermediate pumping stations and a main

pumping station (MPS) before the STP. Each of the intermediate pumping station will

serve a specific sewerage zone and will discharge the wastewater to the gravity sewer of

the adjacent sewerage zone. The MPS will discharge the total flow to the inlet of STP.

Land requirement for the pumping station will vary depending on the size of wet well.

However, for preliminary design purpose, an average area of 600 m2

has been considered

for each pumping stations. Thus the land requirement for the proposed nine intermediate

PS will be 0.54 ha 0.6 ha.

The sewage treatment plant will be developed in two phases. The plant will be based on

the Extended Aeration variant of Activated Sludge process. The capacity of the STP for

the two phases and the land requirement is indicated below.

Year Capacity Land Requirement*

MLD Ha

2026 43 5.5

2041 72 8.0

*Including Land for MPS and buffer zone

The land requirement for the STP will be around 8 ha including the main pumping station

and buffer zone. A piece of private land has been identified outside the municipal

boundary in the Khabara Village. The location of the identified piece of land is 1.42 km in

the Southern direction, from the junction of the NH28 and the Khabara road near the Shiv

Chowk, immediately before the bridge over the Furdoo nala. Land is available on both

sides of the Khabara road. The piece of land on the right hand side of the road, facing the

nala, has been selected. It is free from all obstructions. Presently it is used for agricultural

purpose. There is no human settlement in the identified land but acquisition of private land

is required for implementation of the project.

Annex 2 shows the details of treatment technology for Muzaffarpur STP.

2.3.3 Subproject Components

Table 1 summarizes the subproject components. The descriptions shown in the table are

based on the present proposals, which are expected to be substantially correct, although

certain details may change as development of the subproject progresses. Figure 4 and 5

shows the project locations.



Figure 4: Location of proposed STP at Khabara village in Muzaffarpur

Table 1: Muzaffarpur Waste Water Subproject Components

Component Location Function Description Remarks

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Village Khabara Total 8 Ha- -Private owned land

Treatment of raw sewage of Muzaffarpur

Construction of 43 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant based on Extended Aeration variant of Activated sludge process at village Khabara including all civil, electrical, mechanical, pumping and other allied works

(It will be augmented to 72 MLD for 2041)

New

Intermediate and main pumping station

At different locations of the town

9 IPS locations for 9 zones,

PS1: Within the campus of Mahila Shilpa Kala Bhaban Complex, Primary School, Near Benaras Bank Chowk (Tinkothia), opposite to Pashu Khadya Complex

PS2: An informal solid waste dumping ground opposite to Muzaffarpur Jail with a vast low lying area adjacent to it

PS 3: Within the Bela Industrial Area, opposite to Bharat Wagon's Second Unit

PS 4: Fallow land used as

For intermediate sewage pumping

Main pumping station at STP

Construction of Pumping stations including construction of civil and electrochemical work, providing back up power

New



Component Location Function Description Remarks

play ground, cowshed besides the Zilla School, Near Pani Tank Chowk

PS 5: Near Ramdayalu Nagar Over bridge on NH28, near Samasti pur railway line, beside NH 28

PS 6: Pumpoo Pokhra, Low lying land used for unauthorised solid waste dumping, close to the rail line

PS7: Near the NH28, Hazipur Rail line crossing, Chandni Chowk Over bridge, adjacent to the Hajipur rail line

PS8: Shivpuri area, Majhoria road, Near Hajipur Railway crossing

PS9: To the south of the "home for Homeless", behind the Post Graduate Boys Hostel of Bihar University

Trunk and lateral (secondary) sewers and tertiary network, and pumping main

Muzaffarpur town

Different diameter of sewer network and to connect with outfall sewer

Laying of primary/trunk mains of sizes 300 mm 1400 mm diameter for a length of approx. 47.5 km

New

Secondary sewer: approx. 54.5 km

(250 - 355 mm dia)

New

Tertiary sewer: approx. 168 km (160 – 250 mm dia)

New

Pumping station to STP through Muzaffarpur town

Transport of sewage from pumping station to STP

Laying of DI sewage pumping mains including earthwork in excavation and filling, fixing of valves, specials and fittings of approx. 4.65 km

New

House connection and Domestic meters

Town areas – covering zone Support to households for underground facility.

Proper measurement of discharge sewage from households

House connection: 44,380 no.

House connection sewer:

221.9 km

Roadside Chamber: 22190 no

New



Figure 5: Plan showing Trunk Sewer Main, Pumping Main and Pumping Stations at Muzaffarpur



3 Description of the Environment

3.1 Physical Resources

3.1.1 Administrative Boundaries

Muzaffarpur Municipal area comes under the Musahari block. The block has 117 villages

and only one urban centre, i.e. Muzaffarpur. In the year 1864, Muzaffarpur was declared

as Municipality, which was upgraded later in 1981 as Municipal Corporation. The first

elected body of the Municipal Corporation was constituted in the year 2002 which is

functional till date. The Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation (MMC) is surrounded by River

Budhi Gandak on north, Dighra Rampur Sah village on south, the National Highway (NH)

57 and railway line on west and extends upto reserve police station on eastern limit. The

area of Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation is approximately 26.68 km2 and is divided into

49 wards in 2007. The Muzaffarpur Municipal area had a total population of 3, 05,525 and

was divided into 32 wards as per Census 2001. However, the ward boundaries have

recently been revised and currently the town has 49 wards.

3.1.2 Topography, Drainage, and Natural Hazards

Topography. Muzaffarpur district is situated in the nearly rectangular North Gangetic

alluvial plane in North Bihar. The slightly saucer shaped town with a low lying central part

is on the left Bank of Burhi Gandak river. As part of the Burhi Gandak sub basin, the town

is built by the Himalayan silt and sand, brought by the glacier and rain fed meandering

rivers Gandak and Burhi Gandak. The physical environment of a region is a direct result of

the geologic history, the resulting landforms and the processes of nature, which shape the

terrain. Being situated on the Gangetic alluvial plain, Muzaffarpur is more or less flat. The

average altitude of the town is approximately 56 m above the mean sea level (MSL). The

general slope of the town is towards south. However, low lying areas, which remain water

logged during rainy season, are found along Budhi Gandak River in the north. The

average ground level varies from 53 m to 58 m from MSL.

Drainage. The land slopes gently southward and the area are well drained by rivers

flowing from North and North-Western directions. The main rivers of the area are Buri

Gandak with their distributaries and moribund channels. These are basically perennial

meandering rivers and these with the man made water bodies from the drainage network

of the area.

Natural Hazards. The area being close to seismically active Himalaya is prone to seismic

hazard. As per the Seismic Zoning Map of India (IS: 1893-2002), Indian Sub-continent is

divided into four zones named II, III, IV and V. The area under investigation falls under

Zone-IV of the Seismic Zonation Map of India (see Figure 6 below) prepared by the

Bureau of Indian Standards. With reference to the MSK intensity scale used for all

engineering design purposes, the region lies in the high to moderate damages risk zone.

The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) seismic hazard map of Bihar

(Figure 7) reveals that the area lies in the moderate hazard zone.

Bihar is vulnerable to different kinds of disaster such as flood, cyclone and earthquake due

to its geographical and topographical location. Figure 8 shows the environmental sensitive

area of Muzaffarpur. Vulnerability of Muzaffarpur district / Muzaffarpur Municipal Area can

be estimated form the following facts:

▪ The earthquake hazard map of Bihar shows that Muzaffarpur district falls in Seismic

Zone IV, which is a high damage risk zone and an earthquake up to a magnitude of

8.0 on Richter scale has the potential to hit the area. Thus Muzaffarpur Municipal

Area is an earthquake hazard prone area and falls in high damage risk zone.



▪ The wind hazard map of Bihar, shows that Muzaffarpur district falls in High damage

risk zone with cyclonic wind velocities around 47m/s. Thus Muzaffarpur Municipal

Area is a wind hazard prone area and falls under High damage risk zone.

▪ The flood hazard map of Bihar (Figure 9) shows that most of the parts of the

Muzaffarpur district are susceptible to flooding. The Muzaffarpur Municipal Area

falls almost entirely in flood susceptible risk zone.

It is evident that Muzaffarpur town located in Muzaffarpur district is susceptible to natural

hazards with high risk or probability of occurrence of a high intensity earthquake, cyclone

and also flooding. Natural calamities result in recurring losses and eats into the hard

earned developmental gains. Since most of the natural disasters are barely predictable

and almost non-preventable, a state of preparedness and ability to respond quickly to a

natural calamity is probably the only way to mitigate loss of life and property and the

human suffering.

The knowledge of the physical nature of earthquakes and their influences on engineering

structure is essential for working in the zones where the occurrence of earthquake is

probable.

Figure 6: Seismic Zonation Map of India



Figure 7: GSHAP Seismic Map of Bihar

Figure 8: Environmental Sensitive area of Muzaffarpur



Figure 9: Flood Hazard Map of Bihar shows Muzaffarpur

3.1.3 Geology, Geomorphology, Mineral Resources, and Soils

Geology. The proposed road runs through an alluvial terrain underlain by unlithified soft

quaternary formations, which can be divided into three districts morpho- stratigraphic units:

o Hajipur / Madhubani Formation: It is the oldest Quaternary unit in the area encountered in the southwest of Muzaffarpur town where it forms high level alluvial terraces. It is characterized by yellowish brown and brownish grey clayey material impregnated with ‗Caliche‘ nodules formed in-situ due to weathering under semi-arid condition. The unit supports habitats and cultivation.

o Jaynagar / Vaishali Formation: This dominant formation of the region includes the older flood deposits of Burhi Gandak and Bagmati river systems. The unconsolidated sediments comprising alternating sequences of sand, silt and clay are fine in texture, grey in colour do not contain ‗Caliche‘ nodules and are unoxidised. The unit is widely used for cultivation and human settlements.

o Diara Formation: It includes the unconsolidated flood plain deposits of the present day rivers and is confined to the meander belts of the main river channels. This unit comprises fine sand and silt with occasional layers of clay. It contains flakes of muscovite and biotite with minor amount of dark coloured minerals. Temporary settlements and seasonal cultivation are the preferred land-uses.

Geomorphology. The town is located on the alluvial deposition underlain by unlithified

soft quaternary formations. According to lithostratigraphic characterization, the alluvial

deposition of the Muzaffarpur town belongs Newer Alluvial Group or Khadar.



Mineral Resources. Presence of Mica is reported in Muzaffarpur. The STP site is not

located nearby any mineral resources area.

Soils. The soil of a major part of Muzaffarpur district is calcareous in nature containing

upto 40% free calcium carbonate, and only few blocks on its eastern edge have non-

calcareous deposits. Due to canal irrigation and construction, the natural drainage of this

area has been disturbed resulting in rise in water table and ultimately developing salinity in

scattered patches on vast stretch of land. A separate class of soil as per taxonomy has

also come into existence. The non-calcareous soils are whitish, pale yellow to olive in

colour, neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction, of medium light to medium heavy in

texture on surface and underlain by medium to heavy textured soils.

i. The entire road section lies on alluvial plain underlying by unconsolidated formation of Quaternary to Archaean period. The soils of the area have been developed on alluvial deposits transported mainly by sub-Himalayan rivers.

ii. There are two major group present in this area – Entisols and Inceptisols. Entisols are subdivided into younger alluvial soils (Udifluvents) and Bhabar soils (Ustorthents). But, Udifluvents is the main dominant soil group in this area. This soil is deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and humus. Texturally these are sand to loamy sand with pH value on the alkaline side. Among the Inceptisols – Ustochrepts and Haplaquepts (calcareous alluvial soil) are the main dominant soil group present in this area. The pH value of the soil is on the alkaline side and contents available phosphoric acid and potash in the lower side.

3.1.4 Climate

The project area experiences a tropical monsoon type of climate with distinguishable

seasonal differences in ambient temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and direction of

wind. Typically the area witnesses four seasons which can be broadly described as-

Winter -December to February - Cool dry; Summer ( pre- monsoon) - March to May - Hot

Dry; Monsoon - June to September - Hot Wet and Post monsoon - October to November –

Transitional.

The climate in the cold weather is pleasant. The days are bright and warm and the sun is

not too hot. As soon as the sun sets, the temperature falls and the heat of the day yields

place to a sharp bracing cold. The mean temperature in November all over the area varies

from 19oC to 20oC. The mean temperature in December is 16oC. January is the coldest

month and the mean minimum temperature varies from 7oC to 10oC though some places

record much lower temperatures than 6oC. The highest temperature is often registered in

May which is the hottest month in the area.

The average relative humidity is always greater in the morning and is usually more than

70% except in high summer (April-May). The post monsoon and the winter seasons are

calm period; the average wind speed does not exceed 5 km/h even during the monsoons.

The wind direction is predominantly easterly during monsoon and westerly in the winter.

The annual average rainfall of the Muzaffarpur is around 1200 mm. The annual average

rainfall for a period from 1997 to 2007 shows sufficient variation (600 mm in 2006 to 2480

mm in 2007). Annual average rainfall of the town is presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Average Annual Rainfall in Muzaffarpur

Month Rainfall (in mm) No. of Rainy Days

January 12.0 3

February 16.0 3

March 7.0 2



Month Rainfall (in mm) No. of Rainy Days

April 16.0 2

May 42.0 4

June 185.0 12

July 329.0 18

August 259.0 17

September 249.0 14

October 39.0 5

November 17.0 1

December 7.0 1

Total 1168.0 82

(Source: IMD, 2010)

5. Air Quality

There is no data on ambient air quality of Muzaffarpur town, which is not subject to

monitoring by the BSPCB as there are no major industries. Traffic is the only significant

pollutant in Muzaffarpur, so levels of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are likely to be well

within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

6. Surface Water

The major drainage channels of the Muzaffarpur town are Burhi Gandak River in the North

and North East and Furdoo nala at the West. Burhi Gandak River finally meets the

Ganges near Khagwara. It is believed that river Gandak has migrated westward from the

position of the present-day Burhi Gandak to its present course on the west in course of

last several hundred years. In this process of shifting, it has created numerous chaurs

(saucer like depressions) and mauns (deep horseshoe shaped water bodies formed due to

avulsions/cut-offs) in the Basin. Burhi Gandak River itself has been changing its course

locally through minor avulsion. The evidence is the old course of Burhi Gandak in the

North East of the Project Area. Both Gandak and Burhi Gandak rivers are now more or

less stabilized. Burhi Gandak has Himalayan origin and considerable portion of its

catchments lie in the glacial region. It is therefore, snow-fed and perennial in flow. These

rivers have catchments in the Himalayan region in Nepal. Furdoo nala is flowing almost

parallel to the western boundary of the Town in the North to South Direction. It was

originally connected to river Gandak and now heavily silted up and discharges into a

marshy land crossing NH 77.

The surface water sources in the project area are generally perennial. There is no fixed

water quality monitoring station for Buri Gandak River. However in the year 2009

monitoring has been carried out for Buri Gandak river at Muzaffarpur,. The results are

shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Present Status of Surface Water Quality

Sl. No. Parameters Buri Gandak River

1 Temperature (at time of Sampling) (0C) 28.5

2 Turbidity (NTU) 13.5

3 pH 8.1



Sl. No. Parameters Buri Gandak River

4 Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 48.0

5 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 216.0

6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 in mg/L 147.4

7 Calcium as Ca in mg/L 40.2

8 Magnesium as Mg in mg/L 11.2

9 Iron as Fe in mg/L <0.1

10 Fluoride as F- in mg/L <0.2

11 Copper as Cu in mg/L 0.006

12 Zinc as Zn in mg/L <0.2

13 Arsenic (as As) in mg/L <0.01

14 Lead as Pb in mg/L 0.01

15 Phenolic Compound (as C6H5OH) in mg/L <0.05

16 Alkalinity as CaCO3 in mg/L 171.0

17 Dissolved Oxygen in mg/L 7.6

18 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 3 days at 270C in mg/L 7.7

19 Chemical Oxygen Demand in mg/L 53.0

20 Total Coliform MPN/100ml <2

21 Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml <2

(Source: State Road Sector project funded by ADB, 2009)

7. Geohydrology and Groundwater

The area is occupied by the thick pile of unconsolidated sediments laid down by the

Ganga and its northern bank tributaries. Fairly thick regionally extensive confined / un-

confined aquifers down to depth 300 m as well as moderately thick but discontinuous

confined and unconfined aquifers present in this region. The thickness of sediment

increases from south to north. These unconsolidated sediments are made up of

alternations of sand clay with individual sand and clay layers showing interfingering

relationship.

In parts of Muzaffarpur district the tube well within 100 m depth yields in the range of 100

to 150 m3/hr. The transmissivity value is high, around 15000 m2/day with storativity 2.1 x

10-3. The depth to water level in this region varies from 5 to 10 m below ground level

during Pre-monsoon and the same level is in the range of 2 to 5 m below ground level

during post-monsoon. The average water level fluctuation is 2 to 4 m.

Ground in this region generally contain high mineral as indicated by EC value in the range

of 1000 to 1500 µs/cm. The area is generally characterized by low to medium chloride

concentration (50 mg/L) and low nitrate levels.

3.2 Biological Resources

There is no ecologically sensitive area exist near project site. There is no wildlife

sanctuary, national park, biosphere reserve, tiger reserve or any other ecologically

sensitive area exist within 10 km of the project area.



After the division of the state, only 7% of the forest remains in Bihar. The population

pressure is the main cause of loss of forest cover. Bihar has monsoon type of forest. Due

to low forest cover the state is facing acute problem of rainfall. Social forestry has wide

scope in Bihar. The government has launched a programme to plant trees along the road,

open railway land and barren land. The forest area in project district is mentioned in Table

4 below.

Table 4: Forest Area

District Geographical Area (Sq km) Forest Area (Sq km) Percentage of Forest

Muzaffarpur 3172.0 4.0 0.13

(Source: State of Environment Report, Bihar, 2007)

The study area is flat alluvial plain and most of the land under cultivation with very little

remains under natural vegetation.

Common Trees: Existence of trees is a natural phenomenon in the project area. The

different type of trees present in and around the project areas – Banyan (Ficus

bengalensis), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), Tamarind (amarindus indica), Gulmohar

(Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Delonex regia), Sesham (Dalbergia sisoo), Simul (Bombax

malabaricum) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp)., Mohua (Madhuca Indica), Neem

(Azardarichta indica), Mango (Mangifera indica), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Peppal(Ficus

religiosa), Siris (Albizia lebbeck), Palash (Butea monosperma), Tal (Borassus flabellifer),

Debdaru, Karanj, Pakur (Ficus infectoria), Segun (Tectona grandis), Kadam

(Anthocephalus kadamba), etc.

At STP site in village Khabara few trees (approx. 15-20) are exist and few tree felling will

be required as per design.

Fauna: Commonly found wild animals around the project area are Jungle Cat, common

snake and different types of birds (common for village environment). The main types of

fauna present in this locality are given Table 5 below.

Table 5: List of Fauna

Fauna Species

Fish Phalia, Chelwa, Potiah, Durhwa, Mirgal, Rewa, Kalbasu, Rohu, Magur, Singhi, Tangra, Bachwa, Gaunch,Kawa, Kewal, Barn

Reptiles Lizards: Wild And Common

Snake: Ghuan, Krait, Lohair, Amaitar, Awaria, Phorha, Dhamin, Patar, Katkatar, Khirrich, Gehuan

Crocodile: Gharial

Birds Jungle Crow , House Crow , Tree pieae , Common Green Bee-Eater, Peewit , Common Babbler, Bulbul, Black Drongo, White Bellied Minivet, Common Myna, Black Myna, Sparrow, Papiha, Indian Cuckoo, Crimson Breasted Barbet, NilKant, Grass Owl, Little Brown Ducks

Mammals Wild Pig, Small Indian Mongoose

3.3 Economic Development

Economic base of a town reflects its prosperity. Muzaffarpur town, being the district

headquarters, has been functioning as administrative center. The main economic base of

the town is trade and commerce. Muzaffarpur serves as market centre for nearby small



towns and villages for supplying various commodities. There are specific markets and

whole selling markets available, where from bulk commodities go to nearby villages.

3.3.1 Land use

Present land use patterns of the town is predominantly residential (Refer Error!

Reference source not found.6) in nature.

Table 6: Present Land-Use pattern of Muzaffarpur Town

Land use Category Land use (%)

Residential 57.43

Commercial 1.08

Industrial 5.90

Public /Semi Public 8.81

Parks/open space/Recreational 7.08

Roads/Transport/Communication 5.40

Open Land/Water bodies 3.99

Agricultural 10.31

Total 100.00

(Source: Draft Master Plan Muzaffarpur, 2009)

A majority of the land is used for residential purposes (57.43%), followed by area under

agriculture (10.31%), land put to public and semi-public use (8.81%), parks, open spaces

and recreational area (7.08%), industrial use (5.9%), roads (5.4%), water bodies (2.84%),

and area under commercial use (1.08%). About 1.15% land is lying vacant. The landuse

classification has been marked as per the guidelines of UDPFI.

The STP site is located in an agricultural area.

3.3.2 Commerce, Industry and Agriculture

Commerce. Muzaffarpur is famous for exporting Lichi. Long ago, the area was famous for

hand-woven textiles, sugar cane, indigo, opium and other products. The district has a few

sugar mills, which are now old and dilapidated. It is the commercial hub of North Bihar and

the wholesale market for Mumbai, Surat and Ahmedabad. Textile mills in the

famous Marwari community dominate Suta Patti. The commercial hub of the town is

Motijheel.Muzaffarpur is a major wholesale textile trading centre (third largest in the

country).

Industrials Development. There is an industrial area in the Southern Part of the

Municipality but most of the industries here are non functional. Existing industries are

mainly small scale ones like cottage and wood sawing industry, footwear manufacturing.

The major manufacturing industry in the Muzaffarpur town is the Bharat Wagon and

Engineering Ltd. for manufacturing of railways wagons. The STP site is not located in this

industrial area.

Agriculture. The area around Muzaffarpur is largely agricultural. The principal crops are

rice, wheat, pulses, jute, maize and oil seeds. Cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, radish, carrot,

beetroot, among others, are also grown. Rice and wheat account for most of the area

under cultivation. Maize is the next important crop for the district. Sugar cane, potato and

barley are some of the non-cereal crops grown. The district is famous for its delicious

mangoes, and its lychee, which are exported to other parts of the country and even

abroad.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_cane

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwaris

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lychee



3.3.3 Infrastructure

Water supply. At present the municipality is served by groundwater from 20 deep bore

wells (out of which 13 are functional) with a total yield of 3.6 MLD. The supply rate is

around 40 lpcd for duration of 13 hrs per day. Out of the total road length of 235 km the

distribution system covers only 72. Only 40% of households have a proper house

connection. Apart from the house connections, people are also served by 482 hand pumps

and 422 stand posts in the Town. Present water supply level is far below the stipulated

limit of 135 lpcd for a medium sized town like Muzaffarpur. A water supply scheme has

been approved under the central Government funded UIDSSMT scheme for augmentation

of the water supply system of the town at a cost of Rs. 980 million. This scheme has

considered 135 lpcd water supply for the projected population of 0.48 million in 2040. As

this scheme is based on only groundwater sources, which has a limited reserve, additional

schemes will be required to supplement this schemes in the longer run and to ensure a

supply of 135 lpcd of supply.

Sewerage and Sanitation. Muzaffarpur does not have any sewerage system. There is no

organized sewer network in the Project Area at present. The existing storm water drains

serve as the sewage collection system. During the dry season these drains carry only dry

weather flow and during monsoon a combined flow of sewerage and storm water runoff.

Due to inadequate capacity of these storm water drains flooding occur during events of

heavy rains and the sewage mixed storm water overflows the drains.. At household level

individual septic tanks are provided to handle domestic sewage. As per the status report

on integrated development project for Muzaffarpur, the total sewerage generation in 2007

is 39.15 MLD.

Drainage. Storm water drainage is a critical problem of the Muzaffarpur town. Almost flat

topography with low lying central portion, heavy rainfall during the monsoon compounded

with occasional high water level in the Burhi Gandak river causes water logging and

occasional flooding. The major drainage channel of the Project Area is the Furdoo nala to

the West and South and Burhi Gandak River to the North and North-East.

Basically the drainage structure of the Muzaffarpur was constructed in a British era to

allow flood water from Burhi Gandak for irrigation purpose. Subsequently this system is

converted to a drainage system. The Warsley Road- Brahmapura Road-Kachi Sarai Road

forms a virtual watershed. The drains to the Eastern side of it flows to the North and

North-East direction and discharges to Burhi Gandak river while the drains in the Western

side of this road, flows in the to the South, South West and South East to Furdoo nala.

Other drains flow towards North and North East and discharges to the low lying area near

the old course of the Burhi Gandak River.

Industrial Effluents. Industries are outside the town area. The industries are required to

treat their own effluents before disposal and are not allowed by the Muzaffarpur Municipal

Corporation (MMC) to connect to the local sewer network.

Solid Waste. The menace of solid waste is creating havoc in Muzaffarpur. It produces

around 128 MT of solid waste everyday @ of 0.36 kg/capita/day. The present solid waste

management system is inadequate and improper. The town being almost flat, and

receiving a heavy rainfall during rainy seasons, it is necessary that a comprehensive solid

waste management system is put in place, so that the drainage and sewer lines are litter

free and allowed to perform its role in making the town liveable.

Transportation. Muzaffarpur is connected by broad gauge railway line on Motihari –

Samastipur section of the Eastern Railway. Further a railway line on the south connects

Muzaffarpur with the State capital Patna. Different values of total road lengths and

distribution of that length of road under different categories are obtained from several

sources. An old survey data obtained from the municipality sources gives a total road

length of 147 km. with following break-up.



Pavement Category unit Length

Concrete (PCC) km 15

Black Topped km 47

Water bound macadam km 70

Earthen Road km 17

Total Roads km 147

Source: Obtained from earlier Municipal survey data

3.4 Social and Cultural Resources

Demography. The Muzaffarpur district has a total population of 3746714 persons as per

Census 2001. It is the 3rd

largest district in Bihar in 2001 in terms of population, accounting

for 4.5% of the State‘s population. Muzaffarpur town is the only Class – I town in the

district. The other two urban centers are Kanti (20,871) and Motipur (21,957) which are

relatively smaller compared to Muzaffarpur.

As of the 2001 India census, Muzaffarpur town had a population of 305,465. Males

constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of

60%, close to the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy was 62%, and female literacy

was 57%. Thirteen percent of the population was under 6 years of age. The overall density

of Muzaffarpur town is 114 persons per hectare as per 2001 Census. The ward wise

density shows ward 39 having highest density (476 persons/ha) followed by ward 44 (396

persons/ha) and ward 22 (386 persons/ha). Similarly ward 49 has the lowest density (21

persons/ha) with increasing order of ward 12 (39 persons/ha) and ward 45 (40 persons/ha)

having similar low densities.

Health and Educational Facilities. At present Muzaffarpur has number of good

educational institutions. Muzaffarpur has 75 pre-primary schools, 37 primary schools, 20

secondary schools and a number of colleges. The overall literacy rate in Muzaffarpur is

high and the town already has a fairly elaborate network of educational institutions from

the pre-primary/ primary to the higher education and college level. In Muzaffarpur,

however, the spatial distribution of educational facilities is quite inequitable, with the outer

zones and the villages in the extension areas having fewer facilities.

Muzaffarpur has a number of health facilities including hospitals, polyclinics, nursing

homes and dispensaries. Lists of these available facilities are given below.

Health Facilities in Muzaffarpur

Type of facility Numbers

General Hospital (500 beds) -

Intermediate Hospital (200 beds) 23

Poly clinic with some observation beds 3

Nursing home 41

Dispensary 233

Source: Town Directory, Muzaffarpur 2010

Facility N

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census



History, Culture, and Tourism. Muzaffarpur district, ‗The Land Of Leechi‘ was created in

1875 for the sake of administrative convenience by splitting up the earlier district of Tirhut.

The present district of Muzaffarpur came to its existence in the 18th century and named

after Muzaffar Khan, an Amil (Revenue Officer) under British Dynasty. Now it has won

international encomiums for its delicious Shahi Leechi and China Leechi. From the visit of

the Hieuen Tsang‘s till the rise of the Pala dynasty, Muzaffarpur was under the control of

Maharaja Harsha Vardhan, a powerful sovereign of North India. After 647 A.D. The district

passed on to the local chiefs. In the 8th century A.D. the Pala kings continued to have their

hold over Tirhut until 1019 A.D. Chedi kings of Central India also exercised their influence

over Tirhut till they were replaced by the rulers of the Sena dynasty towards the close of

the 11the century. Between 1211 & 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler of Bengal, was the

first Muslim invader of Tirhut. He, however, could not succeed in conquering the kingdom

but extorted tributes. It was in 1323 that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established his control over

the district. Towards the close of the 14th century the whole of North Bihar including Tirhut

passed on to the kings of Jaunpur and remained under their control for nearly a century

until Sikandar Lodi of Delhi defeated the king of Jaunpur. Meanwhile, Hussain Shah, the

Nawab of Bengal had become so powerful that he exercised his control over large tracts

including Tirhut. The emperor of Delhi advanced against Hussain Shah in 1499 and got

control over Tirhut after defeating its Raja. The power of the Nawabs of Bengal began to

wane and with the decline and fall of Mahood Shah, north Bihar including Tirhut formed a

part of the mighty Mughal Empire.

Muzaffarpur played a very significant role in the history of North-Eastern India. The

peculiarity of Muzaffarpur in Indian civilization arises out of its position on the frontier line

between two most vibrant spiritual influences and most significantly, to this day, it is a

meeting place of Hindu and Islamic culture and thoughts. All sorts of modified institutions,

representing mutual assimilation, rise along the border line. It has undoubtedly been this

highly diversified element within her boundaries that has so often made Muzaffarpur the

birthplace of towering geniuses.

Muzaffarpur has a few locations of regional / local significance. Some of these are given

below.

Baba Garibnath temple Chaturbhujsthan temple Gola Durga temple Bangla Mukhi temple Pankha Toli mosque Bishops‘ House church and European church.

.Muzaffarpur accounts for 7.97% of total tourists coming to Bihar. Of this about 58.58% is

day tourists and 41.42% tourists are staying overnight. Muzaffarpur, received a total tourist

inflow of 4, 66,026 persons, of which day tourists accounted for 54%. Analysis shows that

the period from January to March receives one third of the total annual tourists Inflow of

foreign tourists to Muzaffarpur is almost negligible.

The subproject sites are not located in or near any historically, culturally, archaeologically

or architecturally significant areas.

4 Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures

This section of the IEE reviews possible subproject-related impacts, in order to identify

issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009)

require that impacts and risks will be analyzed during pre-construction, construction, and

operational stages in the context of the subproject‘s area of influence. As defined

previously, the primary impact areas are (i) the sites for STP, pumping stations, outfall and

trunk sewer part, secondary and tertiary sewerage network; (ii) main routes/intersections

which will be traversed by construction vehicles; and (ii) quarries and borrow pits as



sources of construction materials. The secondary impact areas are: (i) entire Muzaffarpur

area outside of the delineated primary impact area; and (ii) entire Muzaffarpur district in

terms of over-all environmental improvement.

The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Wastewater found in the

Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) was used to screen the subproject for

environmental impacts and to determine the scope of the IEE investigation. The completed

Checklist is found in Annex 3. All the proposed subproject components will interact

physically with the environment.

In the case of this subproject (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and

involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and

not greatly significant; (ii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the

construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving

excavation and earth movements; and (iii) being located in the built-up area of

Muzaffarpur, will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. The STP will be on

private agricultural land requiring land acquisition (see Resettlement Plan for the

subproject) and access to the subproject area is through public rights-of-way and existing

roads hence.

4.1 Pre-construction – Location and Design

Design of the proposed components. The subproject has been designed for 30-years

life. Accordingly, it is proposed that the subproject be commissioned by the year 2013 and

the plan horizon year will be 2041. The design was based on a population forecast and

demand calculations for the mid period, year 2026. .

Location. Proposed STP site is located in open agricultural land and within about 3 km of

the Municipal boundary. Acquisition of a private land (8 ha) will be required for

construction of STP and this has been included in the subproject‘s Resettlement Plan.

Availability of environmentally-suitable lands for an STP is very limited in Muzaffarpur

since mostly are used for agricultural purposes and in close proximity to sensitive

receptors (residences, schools, religious and historical sites). The present site has been

considered because it is located in an area of: (i) at least 500 m from any inhabited areas;

(ii) no risk of flooding or other hazards that might impair the functioning of the plant; (iii) no

risk of chance finds; (iv) no waterway that is a source of water for domestic or municipal

supply; and (v) available right-of-way for the sewer network.

Sewerage Network. There are 9 sewage zones have been proposed for Muzaffarpur

town. Laying of sewerage network laterals and main line in core and densely populated

areas of the town. The design of the sewer network conforms to the Central Public Health

and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) Manual on Sewerage and

Sewage Treatment. A schematic diagram showing STP, pump houses, sewerage network,

and trunk sewer enclosed in the Figure 5 of Section II.

Sludge Management. The biological sludge generated from the aeration tank will be

treated in the sludge handling system comprising a gravity thickener and a mechanical

dewatering unit like centrifuge or filter press. The generated sludge will be dewatered

mechanically in centrifuge or filter press. After dewatering it will have a solid content of

25%. The sludge generated from the aeration tank and as thickened and dewatered in

different units are listed below:

Source of sludge Sludge flow Dry solid generated Solid concentration

m3/d kg/d %

Waste activated sludge from

aeration tank

326.0

(sp. Gravity 1.00)

3255 1



Source of sludge Sludge flow Dry solid generated Solid concentration

m3/d kg/d %

Thickened sludge, (Thickener

underflow)

54.0

(sp. Gravity 1.03)

2767 5

Centrifuge thickened sludge 9.9

(sp. Gravity 1.06)

2629 25

The annual sludge production will be 3615 m3/d when the plant is operated in its full

capacity. Immediately after the completion of the project the annual sludge production rate

will be 2710 m3/d.

If the sludge has to be stored temporarily within the plant area, a 50 m x 40 m area will be

enough to have a sludge storage height of 1.3 m to 1.8 m, which is acceptable.

This sludge will have good value as manure, so can be sold to the nearby villages. It may

be noted that Muzaffarpur is the only urban centre in the Mushahari block where there are

117 villages. People in this village mostly engaged in agriculture. Thus sewage sludge,

which has a high value as soil conditioner and manure, will find a good market here. There

will be no requirement for separate sludge disposal.

Utilities. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and sewer lines within the

existing right-of-way (ROW) may be damaged. To mitigate the adverse impacts due to

relocation of the utilities, DSC will (i) identify and include locations and operators of these

utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services

during construction phase; and (ii) require construction contractors to prepare a

contingency plan

Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipes. An additional, particularly acute health risk presented by

this subproject derives from the fact that, the existing water supply system may comprises

AC pipes, so there is a risk of contact with carcinogenic material if these pipes are

uncovered in the course of the work. Precautions have already been introduced into the

design of the project to avoid this, of which the most important are that:

(i) No work is proposed on those parts of the existing system that contains AC pipes (ring, carrier, and distribution mains), and these will be left in-situ undisturbed, so there will be no deliberate excavation of AC pipes; and

(ii) The locations of the new network has been planned to avoid all locations of existing AC pipes so these pipes will not be discovered accidentally.

However unlikely, the design consultant should develop a protocol to be applied in any

instance that AC pipes are found, to ensure that appropriate action is taken. This should

be based on the approach recommended by the United States Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA),1 and amongst other things, should involve:

(i) Develop reporting procedures to inform management immediately if AC pipes are encountered; and

(ii) Require construction consultants to develop and apply an AC Management Plan, as part of the over-all health and safety (H and S) plan, to protect both workers and citizens in case accidental uncovering of AC pipes. This AC Management Plan should also contain national and international standards for safe removal and long-term disposal of all asbestos-containing material encountered.

1 In the USA, standards and approaches for handling asbestos are prescribed by the Occupational Health

and Safety Administration (OHSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and can be found at http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos



Social and Cultural Resources. Muzaffarpur is a historic site (describe in part D of

Section III), and large numbers of temples and other religious sites, so there is a risk that

any work involving ground disturbance can uncover and damage archaeological and

historical remains. For this subproject, excavation will occur in and around existing ROWs,

so it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, PIU/DSC will:

(i) Consult archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site;

(ii) Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of medium or high risk;

(iii) Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available; and

(iv) Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognised and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved.

Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and

disposal areas. Priority is to locate camps near the project area. However, if it is deemed

necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result

in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems.

Residential areas will not be considered in order to protect the communities (i.e., to curb

accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to

prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to

avoid disposals near the restrict zone, wetlands, swamps, or in areas which will

inconvenience the community. All locations would be included in the design specifications

and on plan drawings.

Site selection of sources of materials. Extraction of materials can disrupt natural land

contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage

patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution. To mitigate the potential

environmental impacts, locations of quarry site/s and borrow pit/s (for loose material other

than stones) would be included in the design specifications and on plan drawings. Priority

would be sites already permitted by Mining Department. If other sites are necessary, these

would to be located away from population centers, drinking water intakes and streams,

cultivable lands, and natural drainage systems; and in structurally stable areas even if

some distance from construction activities. It will be the construction contractor‘s

responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of

Urban Local Body. If additional quarries will be required after construction is started, then

the construction contractor shall use the mentioned criteria to select new quarry sites, with

written approval of Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation.

4.2 Construction

1. Screening of No Significant Impacts

The construction work is not expected to cause major negative impacts, mainly because:

(i) Most of the activities will be on the built-up areas of Muzaffarpur town thus could be constructed without causing impacts to biodiversity;

(ii) The site is located more or less in government-owned land (except private land for STP) which is not occupied or used for any other purpose;

(iii) Overall construction program will be relatively short and is expected to be completed in 30 months, with activities to conducted by small teams working on short lengths at a time so most impacts will be localized and short in duration; and



(iv) Most of the predicted impacts associated with the construction process are produced because the process is invasive, such as involving earth-moving and excavation. However the routine nature of the impacts means that most can be easily mitigated and the impacts are clearly a result of the construction process rather than the design or location, as impacts will not occur if excavation or other ground disturbance is not involved.

As a result, there are several aspects of the environment which are not expected to be

affected by the construction process and these can be screened out of the assessment at

this stage as required by ADB procedure. These are shown in Table 7. These

environmental factors are screened out presently but will be assessed again before

starting of the construction activities.

Table 7: Fields in which construction is not expected to have significant impacts

Field Rationale

Topography, Drainage, and Natural Hazards

Activities are not large enough to affect these features.

Geology, Geomorphology, Mineral Resources, and Soils

Activities are not large enough to affect these features. No mineral resources in the subproject sites.

Climate Activities are not large enough to affect this feature.

Air Quality Short-term production of dust is the only effect on atmosphere

Geohydrology and Groundwater Activities will not be large enough to affect these features

Protected Areas No protected areas nearby the project site

Flora and Fauna No rare or endangered species.

Land Use No change in major land use, only at STP location agricultural land/ partly fallow land will be developed for construction of STP

Socio-economic Subproject site is located mostly on government-owned land so there is need to acquire land from private owners. Except 8 ha private land acquisition is needed for construction of STP

Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture

Activities are not large enough to affect these features

Population Activities are not large enough to affect this feature.

Health and education facilities Activities are not large enough to affect this feature.

Historical, Archaeological, Paleontological, or Architectural sites

No scheduled or unscheduled historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural sites

2. Construction method

Although the site is not fairly large, the STP construction will be straightforward involving

mainly simple excavation. The ponds will be dug by backhoe diggers and bulldozers, and

soil will be transferred into trucks for offsite disposal. Clay will then be applied to the floor

and sloping sides of each pond and after watering will be covered with low density poly-

ethylene (LDPE) sheeting and concreting in some parts. A thin layer of cement mortar is

then added, and concrete tiles are embedded into the surface by hand, with more cement

grouting applied to seal joints between tiles.

For trunk, tertiary pipe laying most pipes will be buried in trenches immediately adjacent to

roads, in the un-used area within the ROW, alongside the edge of the tarmac. The trunk

main and secondary network will be located alongside main roads, where there is



generally more than enough free space to accommodate the pipeline. However in parts of

the tertiary network where roads are narrow, this area is occupied by drains or the edges

of shops and houses etc., so the trenches may have to be dug into the edge of the road.

Trenches will be dug by backhoe digger, supplemented by manual digging where

necessary. Excavated soil will be placed nearby, and the pipes (brought to site on trucks

and stored on unused land nearby) will be placed in the trench by crane or using a small

rig. After the pipes are joined, loose soil will be shovelled back into the trench, and the

surface layer will be compacted by hand-operated compressor.

Pipes are normally covered by 1.2 m of soil, and a clearance of 100 mm is left between

the pipe and each side of the trench to allow backfilling. Trenches will therefore be quite

large, a maximum of 2.3 m deep and 1.2 m wide for the trunk main, and a minimum of 1.5

m deep and 0.4 m wide for the secondary/ tertiary network.

At intervals, small chambers (ca 1-2 m3) will be created to allow inspection and clearance

of blockages and sediment during operation. These will be excavated by backhoe and

hardcore and concrete (mixed on site) will be tipped in to form the base. Brick sides will

then be added by masons by hand, and the top will be sealed at ground level by a metal

manhole cover.

As noted above, some of the narrower roads are constructed of concrete and have no

available space at the edge because of the presence of drains, or shop- and house-fronts

encroaching into the ROW. In these places it may be necessary to break open the surface

of the road using hand-held pneumatic drills, after which the trench and pipeline will be

constructed as described above. On completion, a concrete layer will be re-applied to the

surface to repair the road.

Foundations for the small pump houses will be dug by backhoe, and concrete and

aggregate will be tipped in to create the foundations and floor. The brick sides will then be

built by hand by masons and pumps will be brought in on trucks and placed inside the

pump.

3. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Although construction of the subproject components involves quite simple techniques, the

invasive nature of excavation, and in this case the relatively large size and length of the

pipes, means that there will be quite a lot of physical disturbance in the built-up areas of

Muzaffarpur town where there are a variety of human activities.

Physical impacts will be reduced by the method of working, whereby the trenches will be

(i) constructed by small teams working on short lengths at a time; (ii) refilled and

compacted after pipes are installed; and (iii) if trenching done on roads, repaired to pre-

construction conditions.

Sources of Materials. Significant amount of gravel, sand, and cement will be required for

this subproject. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Use quarry sites and sources permitted by government;

(ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU;

(iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written approval from PMU; and

(iv) Submit to DSC on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.

Air Quality. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for

excavation and construction will induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites.

Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related

pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides,



and hydrocarbons) but temporary and during construction activities only. To mitigate the

impacts, construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Consult with PIU/DSC on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials;

(ii) Excavate the pump house foundations and STP site at the same time as the access roads are built so that dug material is used immediately, avoiding the need to stockpile on site;

(iii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather;

(iv) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and

(v) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly.

Surface Water Quality. Construction activities for STP will be conducted near nala,

although dried up during the summer period, has significant amount of silt materials.

Mobilization of settled silt materials, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical

contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate

downstream surface water quality. These potential impacts are temporary and short-term

duration only and to ensure these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets;

(ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PIU/DSC on designated disposal areas;

(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins near water bodies;

(iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies;

(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and

(vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Noise Levels. There are no health facilities, religious sites, scheduled or unscheduled

historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural sites near the construction sites.

However, construction works particularly pipe laying work will be on settlements, along

schools, and areas with small-scale businesses. The sensitive receptors are the general

population in these areas. Increase in noise level may be caused by earth-moving and

excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people. Impact

is negative, short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor

will be required to:

(i) Plan activities in consultation with PIU/DSC so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance;

(ii) Require horns not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle‘s approach;

(iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and

(iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.



Existing Infrastructure and Facilities. Excavation works can damage existing

infrastructure located alongside roads, in particular water supply pipes. It will be

particularly important to avoid damaging existing water pipes as these are mainly

manufactured from Asbestos Cement (AC), which can be carcinogenic if inhaled, so there

are serious health risks for both workers and the public. It is therefore important that

construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Obtain from PIU and/or DSC the list of affected utilities and operators;

(ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services. and

(iii) Develop and implement an AC Pipes Management Plan

Landscape and Aesthetics. The construction works will produce excess excavated soils,

excess construction materials, and solid waste such as removed concrete, wood, trees

and plants, packaging materials, empty containers, spoils, oils, lubricants, and other

similar items. These impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation

measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan;

(ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils;

(iii) Coordinate with Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation (MMC) for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas;

(iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites;

(v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas;

(vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and

(vii) Request PIU/DSC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration works has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

Ecological Resources. There are no significant ecological resources in or around the

project area of the town, so construction work can be conducted without ecological

impacts. Except at STP site in village Khabara 10-15 trees need to be felled. As per

standard norm 3 trees need to be planted against each tree felling. Moreover in STP

design buffer zone plantation will be considered for compensating ecological resources.

Surface and Groundwater Quality. Another physical impact that is often associated with

large-scale excavation is the effect on drainage and the local water table if groundwater

and surface water collect in the voids. However, this should not be a problem in this

subproject, given the low rainfall and deep water table in this area. To ensure that water

will not pond in pits and voids near subproject sites, the construction contractor will be

required to conduct excavation works on non-monsoon season.

Accessibility. Hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can

cause traffic problems and conflicts in ROW. Potential impact is negative but short term

and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites;

(ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours;

(iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion;

(iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions;



(v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner;

(vi) Coordinate with Traffic/Police department of Muzaffarpur for temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and

(vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

Socio-Economic – Income. The subproject components will be located on government

lands (except STP location) and ROWs, so there will be no need to acquire land, and thus

there will be no impacts on the asset or landowners or tenants. However construction

works will impede the access of residents and customers to nearby shops. The potential

impacts are negative and moderate but short-term and temporary. The construction

contractor will be required to:

(i) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil;

(ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across trenches for people and vehicles;

(iii) Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of worship, business establishment, hospitals, and schools;

(iv) Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this in work schedules; and

(v) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the 30-months

construction stage. This can result to generation of contractual employment and increase

in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and long-term. The construction


(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and

(ii) Secure construction materials from local market.

Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational

hazards which can arise from working in trenches and excavation works. Potential impacts

are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction


(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H and S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) health and safety Training2 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents;

(ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;

2 Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of

accidents include (i) slips, trips and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker.



(iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers;

(iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks;

(v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water;

(vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances;

(vii) Provide health and safety orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers;

(viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted;

(ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas;

(x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms;

(xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and

(xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

A particular acute health risk presented by this subproject the risk of contact with

carcinogenic material if the AC pipes are uncovered in the course of work. Precautions

have already been introduced into the design of the subproject to avoid uncovering of

these AC pipes. However unlikely, the construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Train all personnel (including manual labourers) to enable them to understand the dangers of AC pipes and to be able to recognise them in situ;

(ii) Report to management immediately if AC pipes are encountered;

(iii) Develop and apply AC Management Plan.

Community Health and Safety. Hazards posed to the public, specifically in high-

pedestrian areas may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians.

Potential impact is negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The

construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities.

(ii) Liaise with PIU/DSC in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps.

(iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure.

(iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions.

Work Camps. Operation of work camps can cause temporary air and noise pollution from

machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and

lubricants. Potential impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation

measures. The construction contractor will be required to:



(i) Consult with PIU/DSC before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants;

(ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees;

(iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees;

(iv) Prohibit employees from cutting of trees for firewood;

(v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination;

(vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site;

(vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas;

(viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and

(ix) Request PIU/DSC to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.

Social and Cultural Resources. For this subproject, excavation will occur in and around

existing ROWs, so it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the

construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work;

(ii) Request PIU/DSC or any authorized person with archaeological field training to observe excavation;

(iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and

(iv) Inform PIU/DSC if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.

4.3 Operation and Maintenance

1 Screening out areas of no significant impact

Although the sewerage system will need regular maintenance when it is operating, with a

few simple precautions this can be conducted without major environmental impacts (see

below). There are therefore several environmental factors which should be unaffected by

this system once it begins to function. These are identified in Table 8 below, with an

explanation of the reasoning in each case. These factors are thus screened out of the

impact assessment and will not be discussed further.

Table 8: Fields in which operation and maintenance of the completed sewerage system is not expected to have significant impacts

Field Rationale

Climate, topography, geology, seismology

There are no known instances where the operation of a relatively small sewerage system has affected these factors

Fisheries and aquatic biology No fishery nearby the project location

Wildlife, forests, rare species, protected areas

There are no wildlife, forests, rare species, and protected areas at sub-project locations

Coastal resources Muzaffarpur is not located in a coastal area



2. Operation and Maintenance of new Sewerage System

The new sewerage system will collect and treat all surface water, domestic wastewater

and sewage produced by the town, and the remainder of the inhabited area and future

expansion will be served by additional sewers provided via subsequent tranches of funds.

Although treatment will not be to the standards of more developed countries, the

technology is approved by the CPHEEO. Treatment technology is shown in Annex 2. The

final effluent quality through Extended Aeration based technology is excellent even for

discharge to inland surface water. The Indian discharge standard for treated effluent is

depicted in Table 9.

Table 9: Waste Water Quality Discharge Standards

Parameter Inland Surface water Land for Irrigation

Colour and odour remove as far as practicable

Suspended solids mg/l. max. 100 200

Particle size of suspended solids shall pass 850 micron

IS Sieve

pH value 5.5. to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0

Temperature shall not exceed 50C above

the receiving water

temperature

Oil and grease, mg./l, max. 10 10

Total residual chlorine, mg/l. max. 1.0

Ammonical nitrogen (as N.) mg/l max 50

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as NH3) mg/l. max

100

Free ammonia (as NH3), mg/l.max 5.0

Biochemical oxygen demand (3 days at 270C), mg/l. max.

30 100

Chemical oxygen demand, mg/l, max. 250

Arsenic (as As) mg/l, max. 0.2 0.2

Mercury (As Hg), mg/l, max. 0.01

Lead (as Pb) mg/l, max 0.1

Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l. max 2.0

Hexavalent chromium (as Cr. +6). mg/l, max 0.1

Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l, max 2.0

Copper (as Cu) mg/l, max 3.0

Zinc (as Zn) mg/l, max 5.0

Selenium (as Se) mg/l, max 0.05



Parameter Inland Surface water Land for Irrigation

Nickel (as Ni) mg/l, max 3.0

Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, max 0.2 0.2

Fluoride (as F) mg/l, max 2.0

Dissolved phosphates (as P) mg/l, max 5.0

Sulfide (as S) mg/l, max 2.0

Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l, max 1.0

The sewer pipes will not function without maintenance, as silt inevitably collects in areas of

low flow over time. The project will therefore provide equipment for cleaning the sewers,

including buckets and winches to remove silt via the inspection manholes, diesel-fuelled

pumps to remove blockages, and tankers to transport the waste hygienically to the STP.

Piped sewers are not 100% watertight and leaks can occur at joints. Any repairs will be

conducted by sealing off the affected sewer and pumping the contents into tankers, after

which the faulty section will be exposed and repaired following the same basic procedure

as when the sewer was built. Trenches will be dug around the faulty section and the

leaking joint will be re-sealed, or the pipe will be removed and replaced.

At the STP, the biological sludge generated from the aeration tank will be treated in the

sludge handling system comprising a gravity thickener and a mechanical dewatering unit

like centrifuge or filter press. The generated sludge will be dewatered mechanically in

centrifuge or filter press. After dewatering it will have a solid content of 25%. After that

sludge will stored within STP and finally disposed off as manure for agricultural use.

The treatment and drying processes kill enteric bacteria and pathogens, and because of

its high content of nitrates, phosphates and other plant nutrients the sludge is an excellent

organic fertilizer and farmers are normally allowed to remove the dry material for

application to their land. Treated wastewater can also be used as source of irrigation

during dry period.

3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

General. If trenches will be dug to locate and repair leaks or remove and replace lengths

of pipe or illegal connections, the work will follow the same procedures during the

construction stage. MMC needs to require its O& M contractor to:

(i) Refill and re-compact trenches soil and backfilled sand will be removed to expose the leaking junction or pipe;

(ii) Conduct work during non-monsoon period; and

(iii) Cover or wet excavated material to prevent dusts.

Ecological Resources. There are no significant ecological resources in or around the

project area of the town, so any repairs or maintenance work can be conducted without

ecological impacts. As there is no significant flora and fauna in or around project site, there

should also not be any ecological impacts from the operation of sewerage system.

Economic Development. Although repair of pipelines could result in shops losing some

business if the work means that access is difficult for customers, any losses will be small

and short-lived and will probably be at the level of normal business fluctuations. It should

therefore not be necessary to compensate for such losses. Nevertheless MMC needs to

require its O & M contractor to:

(i) Inform all residents and businesses about the nature and duration of any work well in advance so that they can make preparations if necessary;



(ii) Conduct these works to provide wooden walkways across trenches for pedestrians and metal sheets where vehicle access is required; and

(iii) Consult the local police regarding any such work so that it can be planned to avoid traffic disruption as far as possible, and road diversions can be organised if necessary.

The use of local contractors will provide economic benefits to the companies and the

workers they employ. There is however little prospect of directing these benefits to

persons affected by any maintenance or repair works as contractors will utilise their

existing workforce. To provide at least some economic benefits to affected communities,

unskilled persons employed to maintain and operate the STP should be residents of the

neighbouring area.

Social and Cultural Resources. Although there is a high risk of excavation in the town

discovering material of historical or archaeological importance, there will be no need to

take precautions to protect such material when areas are excavated to repair leaks in the

network, as all work will be conducted in trenches that have already been disturbed when

the infrastructure was installed.

Repair works could cause some temporary disruption of activities at locations of social and

cultural importance such as schools, hospitals, temples, tourist sites etc, so the same

precautions as employed during the construction period should be adopted. MMC/PHED

needs to require its O & M contractor to:

(i) Consult the town authorities to identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity;

(ii) Complete work in these areas quickly;

(iii) Provide wooden bridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across open trenches where required; and

(iv) Consult municipal authorities, custodians of important buildings, cultural and tourism authorities and local communities in advance of the work to identify and address key issues, and avoid working at sensitive times, such as religious and cultural festivals.

The citizens of the town will be the major beneficiaries of the new sewerage system, as

human waste from those areas served by the new network will be removed rapidly and

treated to an acceptable standard. This should improve the environment of these areas,

and in conjunction with the development of other infrastructure (in particular water supply),

should deliver major improvements in individual and community health and well-being.

Diseases of poor sanitation, such as diarrhea and dysentery, should be reduced, so

people should spend less on healthcare and lose fewer working days due to illness, so

their economic status should also improve, as well as their overall health.

5 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

5.1 Project Stakeholders

The primary stakeholders are:

(i) Residents, shopkeepers and businesspeople who live and work alongside the roads in which improvements will be provided and near sites where facilities will be built;

(ii) Custodians and users of socially and culturally important buildings in affected areas;



(iii) State and local authorities responsible for the protection and conservation of archaeological relics, historical sites and artefacts; and

(iv) State and local tourism authorities.

The secondary stakeholders are:

(i) UDHD as the Executing Agency;

(ii) Other government institutions whose remit includes areas or issues affected by the subproject (state and local planning authorities such as Public Health Engineering Department, Local Government Department, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Roads and Highways Division);

(iii) Non-government organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) working in the affected communities;

(iv) Other community representatives (prominent citizens, religious leaders, elders, women‘s groups);

(v) The beneficiary community in general; and

(vi) ADB, GoI, and Ministry of Finance.

5.2 Consultations and Disclosures Conducted

Some informal discussion was held with the local people during site visit. Issues discussed

are:

(i) Awareness and extent of the project and development components;

(ii) Benefits of Project for the economic and social upliftment of community;

(iii) Labour availability in the Project area or requirement of outside labour involvement;

(iv) Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work;

(v) Necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites;

(vi) Water logging and drainage problem if any;

(vii) Drinking water problem;

(viii) Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site; and

(ix) Movement of wild animals nearby the project site.

Public consultations have been conducted during field visit (16th to 18

th December, 2010)

about the environmental and social impacts and safeguard plan to mitigate any potential

significant impacts. Records of public consultations are attached as Annex 4. The major

issues raised are related to traffic interferences and possible dust and noise problems

during construction phase. Other comments include construction vehicles creating some

disturbances to the local people daily activities, necessity of proper safety arrangements,

and widening of roads prior to construction activities. The issues and comments have

been considered and incorporated in the design of the subproject and mitigation measures

for the potential environmental impacts raised during the public consultations.

Discussions were held with the local people during site visits for the preparation of this

IEE. Issues discussed were:

(i) Proposed waste water management project should ensure proper hygienic disposal of sewerage water in all wards of town;

(ii) Executive agency should give preference to engage internationally reputed contractor in respect of quality of works as well as timely completion of work;



(iii) Livelihood affected households should be given assistance in the mode of cash compensation;

(iv) Local people should be employed by the contractor during construction work;

(v) Adequate safety measures should be taken during construction work;

(vi) Mobile kiosks/vendors/hawkers have shown willingness to shift in nearby places without taking any compensation and assistance from the Executing Agency;

(vii) Local people have appreciated the waste water management proposal of the government and they have ensured that they will cooperate with the Executing Agency during project implementation.

5.3 Future Consultation and Disclosure

UDHD extended and expanded the consultation and disclosure process significantly

during implementation of BUDIP. They have appointed an experienced NGO to handle this

key aspect of the program. The NGO continuously (i) conducts a wide range of activities in

relation to all subprojects in town; and (ii) ensures the needs and concerns of stakeholders

are registered and are addressed in subproject design.

For this subproject, the Capacity Development Consultant will develop, in close

coordination with PIU and DSC, a public consultation and disclosure program which is

likely to include the following:

(i) Consultation during detailed design:

(a) Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders (including women‘s groups, NGOs and CBOs) to hear their views and concerns, so that these can be addressed in subproject design where necessary; and

(b) Structured consultation meetings with the institutional stakeholders (government bodies and NGOs) to discuss and approve key aspects of the project.

(ii) Consultation during construction:

(a) Public meetings with affected communities to discuss and plan work programs and allow issues to be raised and addressed once construction has started; and

(b) Smaller-scale meetings to discuss and plan construction work with individual communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts, and provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in subproject monitoring and evaluation;

(ii) Project disclosure:

(a) Public information campaigns (via newspaper, TV and radio) to explain the project to the wider town population and prepare them for disruption they may experience once the construction program is underway;

(b) Public disclosure meetings at key project stages to inform the public of progress and future plans, and to provide copies of summary documents in Hindi; and

(c) Formal disclosure of completed project reports by making copies available at convenient locations in the study towns, informing the public of their availability, and providing a mechanism through which comments can be made.



Complaint Cell /Public Information Center

(BUIDCO)

Grievances

ESMC (BUIDCO)

S&E Officer (BUIDCO)

Courts

Grievance

Redressal

Body

(District and

State Level)

If not

resolved

GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Based on ADB requirements, the following will be posted on ADB website: (i) final or

updated IEE, (ii) corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, and (iii)

environmental monitoring reports, upon receipt.

6 Grievance Redress Mechanism

The affected persons can register their grievances at the complaint cell established at the

ULB/PIU office. The Complaint Cell would forward the grievance to the (Social &

Environmental) S&E Safeguard officer for redressal. The Complaint Cell will also act as a

Public Information Centre, where the grievances of the community will be registered and

other information with regard to the project, the sub-projects, social and environmental

safeguards will be provided. The grievances can pertain to any social and/or

environmental issues triggered by sub-projects under the BUDIP. A ‗District Urban

Grievance Redressal Body‘ will be established for giving independent advice to the

concerned Municipal Commissioner for redressing the grievances. This body will consist

of 4 to 5 eminent citizens in the District and are from diverse backgrounds such as,

education, health and sanitation, urban infrastructure, civic affairs, etc. In an advisory

capacity, it will facilitate and suggest suitable action to redress the grievances of the

community/people. At the state level a ‗State Urban Grievance Redressal Body‘ will be

established along similar lines. The Complaint Cell would forward the grievance to the

S&E officer for redressal. If the S&E officer cannot redress the grievance within a specified

time period, the grievance would be forwarded to the ESMC and further to the District

Urban Grievance Redressal Body constituted at the district level. The grievances which

cannot be redressed at the district level would be referred to the State Urban Grievance

Redressal Body. Each of these authorities can be approached directly for grievance

redressal by the aggrieved person/party.

Figure 10: Grievance redress mechanism - BUDIP

Environment and Social Management Committee (ESMC): Members are Municipal Chairperson (Chairman),

Commissioner (Exec – Chairman), Municipal Engineer/Manager, S&E Officer (Designated), Town Planning

Officer, Medical and Health Officer, Revenue Officer, NGO/Community Representatives

8.2



7 Environmental Management Plan

7.1 Institutional Arrangements

The main agencies involved in managing and implementing the subproject are:

(i) UDHD is responsible for management, coordination, and execution of all activities funded under the loan;

(ii) BUIDCO, PMU is responsible for coordinating construction of subprojects across all towns, and for ensuring consistency of approach and performance;

(iii) PMC assists PMU in managing the program and assures technical quality of design and construction;

(iv) DSCs design the infrastructure, manage tendering of Contractors and supervise the construction process;

(v) PIUs appoint and manage Construction Contractors to build elements of the infrastructure in a particular town.

(vi) An inter-ministerial Empowered Committee3 (EC) assists UDHD in providing policy

guidance and coordination across all towns and subprojects.; and

(vii) City/Town Level Committees4 (C/TLCs) have also been established in each town

to monitor project implementation in the town and provide recommendations to the PIU where necessary.

Figure 11 shows institutional responsibility for implementation of environmental safeguard

at different level.

1. Responsible for carrying out mitigation measures

During construction stage, implementation of mitigation measures is the construction

contractor‘s responsibility while during operation stage, Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation

(MMC) will be responsible for the conduct of maintenance or repair works.

To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during the construction period, contract

clauses (Annex 5) for environmental provisions will be part of the civil works contracts.

Contractors‘ conformity with contract procedures and specifications during construction will

be carefully monitored by PIU.

2. Responsible for carrying out monitoring measures

During construction, DSC‘s Environment Monitoring Specialist and the designated

representative engineer of PIU will monitor the construction contractor‘s environmental

performance.

During the operation stage, monitoring will be the responsibility of Muzaffarpur Municipal

Corporation.

3. Responsible for reporting

UDHD (EA)/BUIDCO(PMU- IA) will submit to ADB quarterly reports on implementation of

the EMP and will permit ADB to field annual environmental review missions which will

review in detail the environmental aspects of the Project. Any major accidents having

serious environmental consequences will be reported immediately.

3 The EC is chaired by the Minister of Urban Development and Housing Department and members include

Ministers, Directors and/or representatives of other relevant Government Ministries and Departments. 4CLCs

are chaired by District Collector

s, with members including officials of the B

UIDCO (IA), local representatives of state government agencies, the PIU,

and local NGOs and CBOs.



Figure 11: Institutional Responsibility for Implementation of Environmental Safeguard under BUDIP

Urban Development & Housing Department (UDHD) – EA

(National Level)

Government of Bihar

Bihar Urban Development Project (BUDIP)

BUIDCO

Management & Implementation

(State Level)

Implementing Agency

Project Management Unit (IA - PMU)

Several Construction Packages for

different tranche under PIU

Design and Supervision Consultant

(DSC)

Construction Contractors (CC)

Environmental Expert (EE) & Environmental Monitoring Specialist

(EMS)

Provided by DSC

Independent Environmental

Testing & Monitoring Agency

(On need basis)

IMPLEMENTATION OF EMAP

ADB

Project Management Consultant (PMC)

Appointed by BUDIP

Environmental

Expert of PMC Safeguard Cell

Environment Officer (EO)



7.2 Environmental Mitigation Plan

Tables 10 to 12 shows the potential adverse environmental impacts, proposed mitigation

measures, responsible parties of implementation. This EMP will be included in the bid

documents and will be further reviewed and updated during implementation.

7.3 Environmental Monitoring Program

Tables 13 to 15 shows the proposed environmental monitoring program for this subproject.

It includes all relevant environmental parameters, description of sampling stations,

frequency of monitoring, applicable standards, responsible parties, and estimated cost.

Monitoring activities during the detailed engineering design stage will from part of the

baseline conditions of the subproject sites and will be used as the reference for

acceptance of restoration works by the construction contractors.

Table 10: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Pre-construction Environmental Mitigation Plan

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation

Monitoring of Mitigation

Environmental clearances

CFE and CFO are required from the SPCB in order to implement the project. Land allotment letter required. If not pursued on timely basis, this can delay the project.

Pursue all clearances and follow up with relevant authorities

PMC, PMU PMU/PMC to follow up with SPCB on clearances

Utilities Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and sewer lines within the existing bridge right-of-way (ROW) may be damaged.

(i) Identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and

(ii) Require construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

DSC (i) List of affected utilities and operators; (ii) BID document to include requirement for a contingency plan for service interruptions

Land for STP Land use impact, conversion of present agricultural land to sewage treatment area

Mitigation of affected person as per Resettlement policy

PIU, IPMU (i) Official record on compensation package given by government

Asbestos Cement Pipes

Risk of contact with carcinogenic materials

(i) Require DSC to develop AC Protocol;

(ii) Develop reporting procedures to inform management immediately if AC pipes are encountered; and

(ii) Require construction consultants to develop and apply an AC Management Plan, as part of the over-all

PIU and DSC (i) Asbestos Cement Protocol; (ii) requirement for AC Management included in bid documents





health and safety (H & S) plan, to protect both workers and citizens in case accidental uncovering of AC pipes. This AC Management Plan should also contain national and international standards for safe removal and long-term disposal of all

Asbestos-containing material encountered.

Social and Cultural Resources

Ground disturbance can uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains

(i) Consult Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site;

(ii) Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of medium or high risk;

(iii) Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available; and

(iv) Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognised and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved.

PIU and DSC Chance Finds Protocol

Construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas.

Disruption to traffic flow and sensitive receptors

(i) Prioritize areas within or nearest possible vacant space in the subproject sites;

(ii) If it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, consider sites that will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems;

(iii) Do not consider residential areas;

(iv) Take extreme care in selecting sites to avoid direct disposal to water body or in areas which will inconvenience the community.

PIU and DSC to determine locations prior to award of construction contracts.

List of selected sites for construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas.

Sources of Extraction of materials (i) Prioritize sites already PIU and DSC to (i) List of approved





Materials can disrupt natural land contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution.

permitted by the Mining Department;

(ii) If other sites are necessary, inform construction contractor that it is their responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of PIU; and

(iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction is started, inform construction contractor to obtain a written approval from PMU.

prepare list of approved quarry sites and sources of materials

quarry sites and sources of materials; (ii) BID document to include requirement for verification of suitability of sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary.

Table 11: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Construction Environmental Mitigation Plan



Sources of Materials

Extraction of rocks and material may cause ground instability


(ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU;

(iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written approval from PMU; and;

(iv) Submit to DSC on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.

Construction Contractor

Construction Contractor documentation

Air Quality Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and construction resulting to dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons

(i) Consult with PIU/DSC on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials;

(iii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather;

(iv) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and



(i) Location of stockpiles; (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices (iv) ambient air for respirable particulate matter (RPM) and suspended particulate matter (SPM); (iv) vehicular emissions such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO),





and hydrocarbons

Surface water quality

Mobilization of settled silt materials, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate downstream surface water quality.



(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins to the water bodies;


(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and



(i) Areas for stockpiles, storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials; (ii) number of silt traps installed along drainages leading to water bodies; (iii) records of surface water quality inspection; (iv) effectiveness of water management measures; (v) for inland water: suspended solids, oil and grease, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms.

Noise Levels Increase in noise level due to earth-moving and excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people


(ii) Require horns not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach;

(iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and



(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) use of silencers in noise-producing equipment and sound barriers; (iii) equivalent day and night time levels

Ecological resources

Felling of the trees – affect terrestrial ecological balance

(i) Require to plant three (3) native trees for every one (1) that is removed; and (ii) Prohibit employees from cutting of trees for firewood.


Checking of conservation management plan for tree species





Existing Infrastructure and Facilities

Disruption of service and damage to existing infrastructure located alongside roads, in particular water supply pipes

(i) Obtain from PIU and/or DSC the list of affected utilities and operators;

(ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services; and

(iii) Develop and implement an AC Pipes Management Plan


(i) Existing Utilities Contingency Plan; (ii) Asbestos Cement Pipes Management Plan

Landscape and Aesthetics

Solid wastes as well as excess construction materials


(ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils;

(ii) Coordinate with MMC for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas;

(iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites;

(v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas;

(vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and

(vii) Request PIU/DSC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.


(i) Waste Management Plan; (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) PIU/DSC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

Accessibility Traffic problems and conflicts in right-of-way (ROW)






(vi) Coordinate with Muzaffarpur traffic/police dept. for temporary


(i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) number of signages placed at subproject sites.





road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and


Socio-Economic – Income.

Impede the access of residents and customers to nearby shops


(ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across trenches for people and vehicles;





(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) number of walkways, signages, and metal sheets placed at subproject sites.

Socio-Economic - Employment

Generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue




(i) Employment records; (ii) records of sources of materials

Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational hazards which can arise from working in infrastructures like roads and bridges

(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H & S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) Hands Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents;

(ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times.


(i) Site-specific Health and Safety (H & S) Plan;

(ii) Equipped first-aid stations;

(iii) Medical insurance coverage for workers;

(iv) Number of accidents;

(v) Supplies of potable drinking water;

(vi) Clean eating





Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;





(vii) Provide H and S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers;





(xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced

areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances;

(vii) record of H & S orientation trainings

(viii) personal protective equipments;

(ix) % of moving equipment outfitted with audible back-up alarms;

(xi) sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal.





actively.


Health risk (i) Train all personnel (including manual labourer) to enable them to understand the dangers of AC pipes and to be able to recognise them in situ;

(ii) Report to management immediately if AC pipes are encountered;

(iii) Develop and apply AC Management Plan.


(i) Records of trainings; (ii) AC Management Plan approved by PIU/DSC

Community Health and Safety.

Traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. Work site safety


(ii) Liaise with PIU/DSC in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps.



(v) Provide fences to keep public out of work areas and ensure no trespassing for community safety


(i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors

Work Camps Temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants




(iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood;




(viii) Remove all wreckage,


(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) water and sanitation facilities for employees; and (iii) PIU/DSC report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions





rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and



Risk of archaeological chance finds

(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work;

(ii) Request PIU/DSC or any authorized person with archaeological field training to observe excavation;


(iv) Inform PIU/DSC if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.


(i)Records of chance finds

Table 12: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – O&M Environmental Mitigation Plan



Waste Water Quality

deterioration of surface and groundwater quality

(i) Ensure treated waste water complies with GOI Standards for Discharges to Inland Waters and Land for Irrigation

MMC and O and M Contractors

(i) Inland parameters: colour and odour, suspended solids, particle size of suspended solids, pH value, temperature, oil and grease, total residual chlorine, ammonical nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, free ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, heavy metals, cyanide, fluoride, dissolved phosphates, sulfide and phenolic compounds.

(ii) Land for Irrigation: colour and odour, suspended solids, pH value, oil and grease, biochemical oxygen demand, arsenic, and





cyanide


Adverse impacts on the appearance of surrounding environment and exposure of workers to hazardous debris and gases from sewage pipeline

(i) Ensure persons employed will be provided with suitable equipment (such as shovels and wheelbarrows); and

(ii) Ensure all removed material will be deposited in the municipal waste storage bins.

(iii) Arrangement of oxygen and PPE for labourer during repairing work

(iv) Train all personnel (including manual labourer) to enable them to understand the dangers of AC pipes and to be able to recognise them in situ;

(v) Report to management immediately if AC pipes are encountered; and

(vi) Develop and apply AC Management Plan.

PHED, MMC and O & M Contractors

(i) Records of training; (ii) H & S Plan and AC Management Plan approved by PHED

General maintenance

may cause disturbance to sensitive receptors, dusts, increase in noise level

(i) Refill and re-compact trenches soil and backfilled sand will be removed to expose the leaking junction or pipe;

(ii) Conduct work during non-monsoon period; and

Cover or wet excavated material to prevent dusts.

PHED, MMC and O and M Contractors

Complaints from sensitive receptors

Economic Development

Impediments to residents and businesses

(i) Inform all residents and businesses about the nature and duration of any work well in advance so that they can make preparations if necessary;

(ii) Conduct these works to provide wooden walkways across trenches for pedestrians and metal sheets where vehicle access is required; and

(iii) Consult the local police regarding any such work so that it can be planned to avoid traffic disruption as far as possible, and road diversions can be organised if necessary.

(iv) Supply of sewage sludge from STP to farmers for use in farming – economic development through utilization of waste material


Complaints from sensitive receptors

Social and Temporary disruption (i) Consult the town authorities PHED, MMC Complaints from





Cultural Resources

of activities to identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity;

(ii) Complete work in these areas quickly;

(iii) Provide wooden bridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across open trenches where required; and

(iv) Consult municipal authorities, custodians of important buildings, cultural and tourism authorities and local communities in advance of the work to identify and address key issues, and avoid working at sensitive times, such as religious and cultural festivals.

and O and M Contractors

sensitive receptors



Table 13: Pre-construction Environmental Monitoring Program

Field Location Responsible for Mitigation

Monitoring of Mitigation Method of Monitoring

Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible for

Monitoring

Environmental Clearances

not applicable PMC/PMU PMC/PMU to follow up with SPCB on clearances

checking of records Clearances issued as needed PMU

Utilities not applicable DSC (i) list of affected utilities and operators; (ii) BID document to include requirement for a contingency plan for service interruptions

checking of records (i) list of affected utilities and operators prepared; (ii) requirement for a contingency plan for service interruptions included in BID documents

once PMU


not applicable PIU and DSC (i) Asbestos Cement Protocol; (ii) requirement for AC Management included in bid documents

checking of records (i) AC Protocol prepared;

(ii) bid documents include requirements for AC Management Plan

once PMU


not applicable IPIU and DSC Chance Finds Protocol checking of records Chance Finds Protocol provided to construction contractors prior to commencement of activities

once IPMU

Construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas.

not applicable PIU and DSC to determine locations prior to award of construction contracts.

List of selected sites for construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas.

checking of records List of selected sites for construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas provided to construction contractors prior to commencement of works.

once PMU


not applicable IPIU and DSC to prepare list of approved quarry

(i) list of approved quarry sites and sources of materials; (ii) BID

checking of records (i) list of approved quarry sites and sources of materials provided to

once PMU



Field Location Responsible for Mitigation


Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible for

Monitoring

sites and sources of materials

document to include requirement for verification of suitability of sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary.

construction contractors

(ii) bid document included requirement for verification of suitability of sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary.

Baseline Environmental Condition – Ambient Air Quality

Subproject sites DSC Establish baseline values of respirable particulate matter (RPM) and (ii) suspended particulate matter (SPM)

Air sample collection and analyses by in-house laboratory or accredited 3rd party laboratory

GOI Ambient Air Quality Standards

Once prior to start of construction

PMU

Baseline Environmental Condition - Water Quality

Subproject sites DSC Establish baseline values of suspended solids (TSS),

(iii) pH

(iv) biological oxygen demand (BOD),

(v) fecal coliform

Air sample collection and analyses by in-house laboratory or accredited 3rd party laboratory

GOI Water Quality Standards

Once prior to start of construction

PMU

Table 14: Construction Environmental Monitoring Program

Mitigation Measures

Location Responsible for Mitigation


Indicators/ Standards Frequency Responsible for Monitoring


quarries and sources of materials


Construction Contractor documentation

(i) checking of records; (ii) visual inspection of sites

(i) sites are permitted;

(ii) report submitted by construction contractor monthly (until such time there is excavation work)

monthly submission for construction contractor as needed for DSC

DSC



Mitigation Measures




Air Quality construction sites and areas designated for stockpiling of materials


(i) Location of stockpiles; (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices (iii) ambient air for respirable particulate matter (RPM) and suspended particulate matter (SPM); (iv) vehicular emissions such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC)

(i) checking of records; (ii) visual inspection of sites

(i) stockpiles on designated areas only;

(ii) complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed;

(iii) air pollution control devices working properly;

(iv) GOI Ambient Quality Standards for ambient air quality;

(iv) GOI Vehicular Emission Standards for SO2, NOx, CO and HC.

monthly for checking records

DSC

Water Quality (i) construction sites;

(ii) areas for stockpiles, storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials;


(i) Areas for stockpiles, storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials; (ii) number of silt traps installed along drainages leading to water bodies; (iii) records of surface water quality inspection; (iv) effectiveness of water management measures; (v) for inland water: suspended solids, oil and grease, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms.

visual inspection (i) designated areas only;

(ii) silt traps installed and functioning;

(iii) no noticeable increase in suspended solids and silt from construction activities (iv) GOI Standards for Water Discharges to Inland Waters and Land for Irrigation

monthly DSC

Noise Levels (i) construction sites;

(ii) areas for stockpiles,


(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) use of silencers in noise-producing equipment and sound

(i) checking of records;

(ii) visual inspection

(i) complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed; and (ii)

monthly DSC



Mitigation Measures




storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials;

(iii) work camps

barriers; (iii) equivalent day and night time levels

silencers in noise-producing equipment functioning as design; and

(iii) sound barriers installed where necessary

Ecological balance (i) construction site


(i) Implementation of conservation plan

(i) Checking of records;

(ii) Visual inspection

(i) Conservation Action Plan for flora, (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors/ authority

Monthly DSC

Existing Infrastructure and Facilities

(i) construction sites;

(ii) alignment of affected utilities


(i) Existing Utilities Contingency Plan; (ii) Asbestos Cement Pipes Management Plan



implementation according to Utilities Contingency Plan and Asbestos Cement Plan

as needed DSC

Landscape and Aesthetics

(i) construction sites;

(ii) areas for stockpiles, storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials;

(iii) work camps


(i) Waste Management Plan; (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) PIU/DSC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.



(i) no accumulation of solid wastes on-site;

(ii) implementation of Waste Management Plan;

(iii) complaint from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed.

monthly DSC

Accessibility (i) construction sites;

(ii) traffic routes


(i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) number of signages placed at subproject sites.

visual inspection (i) implementation of Traffic Management Plan;

(ii) complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed;

(iii) signages visible and

monthly DSC



Mitigation Measures




located in designated areas

Socio-economic - Income

construction sites


(i) complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) number of walkways, signages, and metal sheets placed at subproject sites.

visual inspection (i) complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed;

(ii) walkways, ramps, and metal sheets provided

(iii) signages visible and located in designated areas

quarterly DSC

AC Pipes construction sites

Construction Contractors

(i) records of trainings; (ii) AC Management Plan approved by PIU/DSC

checking of records

no exposure to AC pipes

as needed PIU and DSC

Socio-Economic - Employment

construction sites


(i) employment records; (ii) records of sources of materials

checking of records

number of employees from Muzaffarpur equal or greater than 50% of total work force

quarterly DSC


construction sites


(i) site-specific Health and Safety (H & S) Plan;

(ii) Equipped first-aid stations;

(iii) Medical insurance coverage for workers;

(iv) Number of accidents;

(v) Supplies of potable drinking water;

(vi) Clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances;



(i) implementation of H & S plan;

(ii) number of work-related accidents;

(iii) % usage of personal protective equipment;

(iv) number of first-aid stations, frequency of potable water delivery, provision of clean eating area, and number of sign boards are according to

quarterly DSC



Mitigation Measures




(vii) record of H & S orientation trainings

(viii) personal protective equipments;

(ix) % of moving equipment outfitted with audible back-up alarms;

(xi) sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal.

approved plan;

(v) % of moving equipment outfitted with audible back-up alarms

Community Health and Safety

construction sites


(i) Traffic Management Plan;

(ii) complaints from sensitive receptors

visual inspection (i) implementation of Traffic Management Plan;

(ii) complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed

(iii) fences set up to keep public out of construction site.

quarterly DSC

Work Camps work camps Construction Contractor

(i) complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) water and sanitation facilities for employees; and (iii) PIU/DSC report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions

visual inspection (i) designated areas only;

(ii) complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed

quarterly DSC


construction sites


records of chance finds checking of records

Implementation of Chance Finds Protocol

as needed DSC



Table 15: Operation and Maintenance Environmental Monitoring Program

Mitigation Measures

Location Responsible for

Mitigation

Monitoring of Mitigation Method of Monitoring Indicators/

Standards

Frequency Responsible for

Monitoring

Water Quality (i) STP effluent; (ii) nearby water bodies

MMC in coordination with PHED and O and M Contractors

(i) Inland parameters: colour and odour, suspended solids, particle size of suspended solids, pH value, temperature, oil and grease, total residual chlorine, ammonical nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, free ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, heavy metals, cyanide, fluoride, dissolved phosphates, sulfide and phenolic compounds.

(ii) Land for Irrigation: colour and odour, suspended solids, pH value, oil and grease, biochemical oxygen demand, arsenic, and cyanide

Sample collection and laboratory analyses

GOI Standards for Discharges to Inland Waters and Land for Irrigation

Quarterly or as prescribed by CPCB

PMU


subproject sites

PHED, MMC and O & M Contractors

complaints from sensitive receptors (i) records of training; (ii) H and S Plan and AC Management Plan approved by PHED

(i) complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed; (ii) no exposure to AC pipes

as needed PMU

General maintenance

subproject sites


complaints from sensitive receptors checking of records complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed

as needed PMU

Economic Development

subproject sites


complaints from sensitive receptors checking of records

Use of sludge – observation in field

complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed

as needed PMU


subproject sites


complaints from sensitive receptors checking of records complaints from sensitive receptors satisfactorily addressed

as needed PMU



7.4 Environmental Management Plan Costs

Most of the mitigation measures require the Construction Contractors to adopt good site

practice, which should be part of their normal procedures already, so there are unlikely to

be major costs associated with compliance. Regardless of this, any costs of mitigation by

the construction contractors or DSC are included in the budgets for the civil works and do

not need to be estimated separately here. Mitigation that is the responsibility of UDHD will

be provided as part of their management of the project, so this also does not need to be

duplicated here.

The remaining actions in the EMP are the various environmental monitoring activities to be

conducted by the Environmental Monitoring Specialist. These have not been budgeted

elsewhere, and their costs are shown in Table 16. The figures show that the total cost of

environmental management and monitoring for the subproject as a whole (covering

design, 2 years of construction and the first five years of operation) is INR 0.87 million, ie

US$ 19,334.

Table 16: Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs (INR)

Item Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost Sub-total Source of Funds

Implementation of EMP (2 years)

Domestic Environmental Monitoring Specialist

1 x 2 month 160,0005 320,000 DSC

Monitoring Expenses - Air quality, water sample, noise quality

Lumpsum 100,000 100,000 420,000 Contractor

Other Expenses- Testing of sludge quality – O & M

Lumpsum 50,000 50,000 50,000 O& M Contractor

Environmental mitigation measures including buffer zone development- plantation near STP

Lump sum 400,000 400,000 400,000 Contractor

TOTAL 870,000

EMP = Environmental Management Plan.

8 Findings and Recommendations

1 The environmental impacts of all elements of the infrastructure proposed under the

Muzaffarpur Sewerage and Sanitation Subproject were assessed. Potential negative

impacts were identified in relation to both construction and operation of the improved

infrastructure, but no major impacts were identified as being due to either the project

design or location. Only for construction of STP acquisition of private land is necessary.

Mitigation measures have been developed in generic way to reduce all negative impacts

to acceptable levels. These were discussed with specialists responsible for the

engineering aspects, and as a result some measures have already been included in the

outline designs for the infrastructure. This means that the number of impacts and their

significance has already been reduced by amending the design.

2 During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of large

quantities of waste soil and import a similar amount of sand to support the pipes in the

trenches; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, traffic and important

5 Unit costs of domestic consultants include fee, travel, accommodation and subsistence



buildings by the construction work. These are common impacts of construction in urban

areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation.

3 The use of AC pipes (few cases only) in the existing water distribution network presents

a particular problem, as workers and the public will need to be protected from inhalation

of asbestos dust, which can be carcinogenic. This has been addressed in the EMP.

4 Once the system is operating, most facilities (STP, pump house) will operate with routine

maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Leaks in the sewage network will

need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than

those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas

only. It will also be conducted in areas that have already been excavated, so there will

be no need to protect archaeological material.

5 The regular removal of sludge from the aeration tank and followed by sludge drying bed

should also have no environmental impacts, and if tests show that the drying procedure

removes bacterial contamination the material should be sold to farmers to fertilize soil,

as this will provide an environmental gain and some cost recovery.

6 The main impacts of the operating sewerage system will be beneficial as human waste

from those areas served by the new network will be removed rapidly and treated to an

acceptable standard. This will improve the environment and appearance of these areas,

and the health and quality of life of the citizens. Diseases of poor sanitation should be

reduced, which should lead to economic gains as people will be away from work less

and will spend less on healthcare, so their incomes should increase.

7 Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during

both construction and operation to ensure that all measures are provided as intended,

and to determine whether the environment is protected as envisaged. This will include

observations on and off site, document checks, and interviews with workers and

beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the PMU.

There will also be longer-term surveys to monitor the quality of discharged treated

effluent and health status in vicinity of the facility.

9 Conclusions

The subproject is not determined to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential

adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be

mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the

incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based

on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the Project as Category ―B‖ is confirmed,

and no further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB

SPS (2009) or GoI EIA Notification (2006).



Annex 1 Site Photographs

Proposed STP location at Khabara Village

Furdoo nala nearby the STP site e

Nearest household from proposed STP location

at Khabara

Public consultation at Khabara village

Public consultation at Madhol village

Proposed sewerage main route at Muzaffarpur



Muzaffarpur town – sewer laying area

Proposed pumping station behind the

PG Boys Hostel of Bihar University

-

Proposed pumping station within the

campus of Mahila Shilpa Kala Bhaban

Complex

Proposed pumping station within the Bela

Industrial Area

Proposed pumping station Shivpuri area,

Majhoria road

Proposed pumping station near informal SW

dumping ground opposite to Muzaffarpur Jail

Bihar Urban Development investment Programme


Annex 2 Proposed STP Technology: Extended Aeration System

Process Details

Extended aeration system is basically a modification of the conventional activated sludge process. The biological removal and conversion of organic wastes in an activated sludge plant takes place in two stages: first the organic waste is partially oxidized for energy and partially synthesized into new cells. Then in the second stage with continued aeration the biological cells undergo self oxidation for further energy. The extended aeration process operates in the endogenous phase of the microbial growth curve. The system is designed on the basis of low organic loading rate (low food to micro organism ratio, F/M ratio), high biological solids concentration and longer aeration time to destruct (oxidise) the biomass (solids) generated from the endogenous respiration. The active biological solids utilize the oxygen while undergoing the endogenous respiration to oxidize the degradable portion of their cells to carbon dioxide and water with a resulting decrease in sludge mass. The main advantage of operating the system in at these conditions is that the excess sludge produced in the reactor is almost completely mineralized and thereby eliminates the requirement for further sludge digestion and treatment

6. However there is still some solid build up

in the aeration tank, which has to be wasted regularly

In the extended aeration system the raw sewage directly goes to the aeration tank only after the pre-treatment (screening and grit removal) and no primary clarification is done. The overflow from the aeration tank is discharged after clarification. This process has very high organic removal efficiency (95-98% BOD removal efficiency).

Preliminary Treatment

The Preliminary treatment involves screening and grit removal will be given to the raw sewage reaching the STP. Raw sewage will be discharged to the wet well after passing through coarse screen (opening 50 mm). From the wet well the raw sewage will be pumped to the inlet chamber of the sewage treatment plant. Then it will flow through screen channel and will pass through medium screen (opening 20-25 mm) for removal of large size floatable materials. Subsequently it will enter the grit channel where grit particles will be separated. A proportional flow weir will be installed at the end of the grit channel for maintaining a constant velocity (0.15 – 0.30 m/s) of flow through the channel under varying flow condition. There will be a number of screen channels and grit channels so that at least one channel can be kept as stand by under peak flow condition. There will be at least one manual screen and one mechanical screen. Timer based racking mechanism will be used to clean the screen periodically and put the screenings to belt conveyor system. Screened material is conveyed to collection van provided beneath the end of the belt conveyor for final disposal. CI Gates upstream and downstream to the screen are provided. The main units of the preliminary treatment will be as follows:

Inlet Chamber One number, for receiving raw sewage

Screens Mechanical Screens & Manual Screens

(one working + one stand-by)

Grit Channels with proportional flow weir

Manual cleaning / Mechanical Cleaning with at least one channel as stand-by

6 section 13.3.3,CPHEEO manual for sewerage and Sewage treatment; Section 2.7, Activated Sludge and

aerobic biofilm reactor, volume 5, Marcos Von Sperling, IWA Publishing, 2007



Secondary Treatment

The major component of the Secondary treatment units are:

Aeration tank with surface aerator

Secondary clarifier : Mechanical sludge scraping devices

After passing through the grit chamber the sewage will be uniformly distributed among the aeration tanks from the division/flow distribution box. In the aeration tank microorganisms are mixed with the influent and the biodegradable portion is stabilized aerobically to produce the end product and new biomass. The oxygen in the aeration basin will be supplied by a number of surface aerators. The surface aerators will be vertically mounted tubes extending from just above the base of a deep concrete tank to just below the surface of the sewage liquor and the end of the tube is formed into a cone with helical vanes attached to the inner surface. The aerators will also help to provide the energy necessary for proper mixing. Hydraulic retention in the aeration tank will be between 12-24 hrs at average flow. Oxygenation capacity of each aerator is of 1.2 – 2.4 Kg of 02/kWh. F/M ratio varies between 0.10 and 0.15. MLSS concentration may vary between 3000 mg/l to 4000 mg/l. Aeration requirement is 1.2.Kg of O2 /Kg of BOD5 removed.

The overflow from the aeration tank goes to the secondary clarifier. This unit removes the bio-mass from the reactor effluent and returns a part of the bio-mass back to the reactor for maintaining desired MLSS concentration in the aeration tank in activated sludge plant. Liquid enters the clarifier through a central circular shaft. Floor of the clarifier is sloped at 1:12 to form an inverted cone to a central sludge pit. A sludge scraping mechanism facilitates the sludge to move to the central sludge pit from where it will be discharged to the sludge sump.

Disinfection and Disposal

The overflow from the clarifier will be disinfected in the chlorine contact tank. The chlorine dosing will be done by evaporator type of chlorinators. There will be a chlorinator with evaporator in the chlorination plant. Liquid chlorine shall be drawn from chlorine tonner and it will then pass through evaporator for vaporization. The gaseous chlorine shall be injected through ejector after mixing with water. Ultimate chlorine solution shall be dosed in chlorine contact tank. In chlorine contact tank, chlorine solution diffuser shall be provided for proper mixing of the solution.

Treated sewage after chlorine contact tank shall be taken to the river through RCC channel. Parshall flume along with ultrasonic flow meter shall be provided after chlorine contact tank in the RCC channel to measure the flow. The length of the channel shall be as per site condition. Capacity of the channel should be such that it can carry peak flow.

Sludge Handling System

The waste activated sludge from the sludge sump will be fed to the sludge thickener for gravity thickening. The thickened sludge from the bottom of the thickener will be fed to the centrifuge for mechanical dewatering. The dewatered sludge will be stored in a storage area and will be carted periodically for disposal.

The sludge handling system will consist of following units

i) Sludge sump and pumps: Recycling sludge pumps and excess sludge pumps.

ii) Sludge Thickener: The purpose of this unit is to increase the sludge consistency from 1% to 4% by gravity separation of liquid from solids.

iii) Centrifuge / Filter Press: This is a mechanical sludge dewatering facility. This will increase the solids content of the sludge from 3-4% at the inlet to 20 -25% at the outlet.

iv) Supernatant Sump and Pump: Receives flow from thickener & centrifuge/filter press and sends back to the inlet of STP.

Miscellaneous Units/items

i) Electric room / MCC: This will house the electric panels and OFF-ON Buttons.



ii) Office cum Laboratory: To monitor the sewage characteristics at the inlet and outlet and the performance of each unit.

iii) Blower room, DG Set room: This will house blowers, Filter press and stand by power Generator Sets.

iv) Boundary wall and gate.

v) In-plant roads and drains and area lighting.

Annex 3 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Waste Water/Sewage Treatment – Muzaffarpur, Bihar

A. Screening Questions for Impact Categorization

Screening Question Current Assessment

Additional Information for Substantiating Assessment

A. Project Siting

Is the project area…

Densely populated? Yes

No

Muzaffarpur town is densely populated with population density of 115 persons per ha. Location of STP is outside the municipality at Khabara village 1.4 km in the southern direction from the junction of the NH 28 and the Khabra road near Shiv Chowk

Heavy with development activities?

Yes

No

No as such development activity is recorded at Muzaffarpur

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

Yes

No

No as such environmentally sensitive area nearby the project site

Cultural heritage site Yes

No

No cultural heritage site is there within a periphery of 10 Km. Few temples (religious places) are located more than 1 km away from the proposed Sewage Treatment Plant at Khabara village. The site has been selected by considering all these factors

Protected Area Yes

No

No protected area within 10 km of STP site

Wetland Yes

No

There is no wetlands area present near to the project area. One natural nala (drainage channel) passing nearby the project site.

Mangrove Yes

No

There is no mangrove area present near to the project area.

Estuarine Yes

No

There is no estuarine area present near to the project area.

Buffer zone of protected area Yes

No

Site is not within buffer zone of the protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

Yes

No

The proposed project doesn‘t falls within any special area for protecting biodiversity.





Bay Yes

No

Not Applicable

Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause…

impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

Yes

No

No historical site, cultural monument is there within a distance of about 10 Km so there will be no chance of damages to these sites.

interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighbouring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

Yes

No

Since the project site is at a distance of 5-6 km from the main town, the chances of such problems is negligible.

One house is situated about 300 m of STP site foul smell during operation may cause problems. Proper buffer zone plantation as per mitigation measures to be followed.

Villages are located more than 500 m away from proposed STP location at Khabara

impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?

Yes

No

At present the receiving water body, i.e., Furdoo nala is a drainage channel, mainly carrying storm water discharge (mixed with some untreated sewage) during monsoon and untreated sewage from the nearby isolated residential areas during dry periods.

After the installation of the STP only treated effluent (conforming to the discharge standard set by MoEF for discharge to Inland Surface water) will be discharged to Furdoo nala adjacent to the STP location. Hence the discharged effluent is not going to cause any impairment of downstream water quality

overflows and flooding of neighbouring properties with raw sewage?

Yes

No

All the raw sewage will be diverted to the STP and will be pumped to it for treatment to the required level before disposal.

The pumping stations will have adequate number of standby pumps and back up power system to take care of any exigency condition.

environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?

Yes

No

The sludge will be collected and used as manure after digestion.

The town does not have any major polluting industry which discharges bulk quantity of raw effluent to the proposed sewer network meant for domestic effluent/sewage. If any industry come up in the town in distant future, the project proponent will require to treat the sewage before discharging to the sewerage system, finally discharging to STP





noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

Yes

No

Blasting is not required for this project so there will be no emissions of noise and vibrations which can affect natural life in nearby areas.

discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?

Yes

No

Discharge of hazardous materials will not be allowed into sewer system.

Proper mitigation measures (as per EMP) have been proposed in order to prevent the workers from such kind of danger in order to prevent any mishap.

inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

Yes

No

The nearest village (settlement area) is about 500 m to 1 km from the project site (except one household is located at 300 m from STP) so all such probable nuisance are not expected.

Moreover development of greenbelt in and around the STP will be considered in detail design

social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?

Yes

No

The workers will be engaged from nearby villages. Always preference will be given to the local workers in order to prevent such kind of conflicts.

road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?

Yes

No

No road blocking will be there as most of the passage towards the site is vacant.

Only during pipe laying partial blocking of the road will be required. A proper traffic diversion plan will be required for that.

Excavated soil will be used for filling of nearby low lying areas with proper degree of compaction.

noise and dust from construction activities?

Yes

No

Noise will be produced slightly, but it will not affect the natural life because of the absence of any population within proximity of 500 m.

Workers will be provided by ear plugs and other adequate measures in order to minimize the level of occupational noise impact

Dust will be suppressed by sprinkling water

traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

Yes

No

No traffic disturbances will be there in village road since STP site is not a common route for transportation of construction material. Except at National Highway junction point occasionally congestion may occurred during entry and exit of equipment and vehicles leading to STP construction site

temporary silt runoff due to construction?

Yes

No

Soil will be removed at earliest and dumped for other uses.

hazards to public health due Yes The sewer lines are provided with





to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?

No manholes at intervals less than 50 m, so in case of any sewer breakage, overpumping, with temporary pumps will be done to the next manhole keeping the broken stage out of action unless repairing is done. This will minimise possibility of ground water failure due to sewer failure. In case of any breakage in main sewer, the flow will be diverted from the nearby pumping stations.

The sewage pumping stations will be provided with sufficient standby pumps and back up DG sets to avoid any failure that may lead to sewage overflow flooding.

Adequate measures have been taken so as to minimize any chances of over flooding. Also, there is less or no chances of failure of sewerage system as mentioned in preliminary project report.

deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?

Yes

No

Proper measures will be taken (as per DPR) in order to prevent inadequate sludge disposal and direct discharge of untreated sewage water.

Treated sewage will be discharged from STP after attending the prescribed standard for surface water release or for irrigation use

contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?

Yes

No

Sludge generated from the sewage treatment process will be dewatered using centrifuge and the dried sludge cake will be sold in the market as manure. The supernatant from centrifuge will be taken to the inlet of the STP for treatment. The town is surrounded by vast agricultural area and the manure will have a good local market.

No chances of contamination of surface and ground water will be there as sludge will not be disposed off to open land.

health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which maybe contained in sewage flow and exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge?

Yes

No

Workers will be provided by all safety instruments in order to prevent any risk from release of toxic gases and hazardous materials if any.

B. Assessment on Categorization of Environmental Impacts

Based on the above checklist, what is the PMU‘s assessment on the Categorization and Planning Requirements for this subproject? (double click to check )

Category A, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Management Plan including a Budget, Public Consultation (at least twice) and Disclosure 120 days in advance of Board Consideration are required.



Category B, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Public Consultation are required

Category C, Review of Environmental Implications is required

Annex 4 Public Consultation- Environment

Subproject-: Sewerage and Sanitation (Muzaffarpur)

Issues discussed

Awareness and extent of the project and development components

Benefits of Project for the economic and social Upliftment of Community

Labour availability in the Project area or requirement of outside labor involvement

Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work

Necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites

Water logging and drainage problem if any

Drinking water problem

Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site

Movement of wild animal if any

Other problems, encountered, if any

1. Location, Date and time of Consultation:-

Table: Issues of the Public Consultation- Design phase

S. No. Key Issues/Demands Perception of community Action to be Taken

1 Awareness of the project including coverage area

Locals are not aware on proposed project The nearby residents should be associated at the most by proper discussions with them.

2 In what way they may associate with the project

The local people are of the view that local people should be hired depending upon their efficiency and expertise.

People of repute in the local area have also assured that if they are well informed on time regarding the project, they will assist accordingly.

The local people of STP site are interested in association with the project.

Preference will be given to the local labour during the implementation of the project as per the requirement.

If required assistance should be taken from people of local repute.

3 Presence of any forest, wild life or any sensitive / unique environmental components nearby the project area

No forest and sensitive area nearby

4 Presence of historical/ cultural/ religious sites nearby

Sites of cultural/ historic/ religious importance were not found in the close proximity of the proposed project site.

5 Unfavorable climatic condition

As per the local people’s view, the summer season is very hot and situation not favourable for 100% output. During the heavy rains, there may arise some problems in the execution of the project.

Suitable climatic conditions will be considered during the planning and execution stage.




6 Occurrence of flood Due to poor drainage conditions people suffer from water stagnancy in the area especially in the market area and road side areas.

There has been no report of Flood in the project area.

Proper actions should be taken during the execution of the project so that the condition does not worsen due to our project.

7 Drainage and sewerage problem facing

Due to poor drainage condition people suffer from water stagnancy in their area especially in the market area and road side areas.

No sewerage system in the project area.

The work on the improvement of drainage system will improve the problem related to stagnancy of water.

The proposed sewerage system will improve the sewerage conditions.

8 Present drinking water problem – quantity and quality

Quality and the quantity of the water supply are not adequate due to which the people are forced to explore ground water through hand pumps and wells.

Water supply sub-project is taken up under different funding agency

9 Present solid waste collection and disposal problem

The Municipal Corporation takes care of the solid waste management of Muzaffarpur town. The waste collection facility is appropriate only in core area of the town. The STP site village do not have proper solid waste Management system, since the site is outside Municipal facility

Proper solid waste management system should be implemented in order to minimize the nuisance due to waste.

10 Availability of labour during construction time

Sufficient labour is available in this area. Availability of labour is not a problem here, if required labour from nearby areas will be hired.

11 Access road to project site STP site is accessible via road. Inside road need to be constructed

12 Perception of villagers on tree felling and afforestation

The local people were of the view that trees should not be cut; if urgent it should be minimum in number and number of trees cut should be replaced by planting trees in the nearby areas.

It has been explained that during implementation phase of the sewerage line, no tree is going to be affected. Tree felling will be there during erection of STP, but three times the tree cut would be replanted.

13 Dust and noise Pollution and disturbances during

construction work

People are aware of the fact that during construction work some amount of dust and noise will arise. But they wanted that

It should be minimized as much as possible.

It has been explained that as per Safeguard policy of the project for abatement of pollution, control system will be considered

Vehicles movement will be controlled and appropriate measure will be taken to combat the same.

PUC certified vehicles should be used during material handling and transportation activities.

Sprinkling of water should be done in order to minimize the fugitive dust emissions.

14 Setting up worker camp site within the village/

As per the people, local labourers should be hired which will minimize the requirement of setting of a

Preference will be given to the local labour during the




project locality temporary work shelter. implementation of the project as per the requirement.

15 Safety of residents During construction phase and plying of vehicle for construction activities

People were of the view that safety measures like cautionary boards, signals, barricades should be used at the project site in order to minimize any mishap.

Safeguard policy should be Implemented in order to minimize the accidents.

16 Conflict among Beneficiaries down stream users – water supply project using of river water

Some of the people were worried for the fact that due to the sewer line construction, the ground water may get contaminated.

The treated waste water should be given equally for irrigation practices to the nearby villages.

Proper actions will be taken in response to that of the local people.

17 Requirement of enhancement of other facilities

The people were of the thought that this town should be raised to the levels that of other developed cities like better road connectivity, proper solid waste management, rainwater harvesting etc should be implemented in order to raise the standard of living.

Actions should be taken in order to improve the standard of living.

18 Whether local people agreed to sacrifice their lands (cultivable or not) for beneficial project after getting proper compensation

The nature of the project involves land acquisition from the local people they are agreed to giving their land for STP purpose but govt. should have to offer good compensation

Proper compensation will be provided to the land owners so that the things will be managed.

NAME AND POSITION OF PERSONS CONSULTED:

1. Mr. Arun Kumar Singh, Addl. Commissioner Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation 2. Mr. Rajendra Yadav, local resident Brahmapura PS 3. Mr. Prince Yadav, local resident, Madhol villager near STP 4. Mr. Mukesh Yadav, local resident, Madhol villager near STP 5. Mr. Prabhat Kumar, local resident, Madhol villager near STP 6. Mr. Ramesh Biplabi, local resident, Khabara village of STP 7. Mr. Binda Prasad Yadav, local resident, Khabara village of STP

Summary of outcome:

The various issues related to the proposed project of design, construction, supply erection, testing, commissioning and O & M of STP and pumping stations have been discussed at various locations, STP location with the local people. The local people were of the view that they are not aware about the work which proposed in Muzaffarpur. Before implementation of the project DSC will aware the locals through open meeting and awareness program. The people are in favour of the laying down of the sewer line at Muzaffarpur town. The major apprehension faced by them was the bad odour from the STP during the summer and the monsoon season. They also wished that local people should be given opportunities during the project tenure. They are also concern of the quality of the treated sewage water to be given to them for irrigation purpose. People want their problems should be heard and solutions for them should be followed during the implementation phase. People are ready to extend all types of support during execution of the project. Major problem associated with this proposed project is the acquisition of the site for STP as the land identified is agricultural land and which is privately owned. Villager agreed to sacrifice their land after sufficient compensation.



Annex 5 Recommended Contract Clauses

A. Sources of Materials


(ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU and DSC;

(iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written approval from PMU; and;

(iv) Submit to DSC/PMC on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.

B. Air Quality

(i) Consult with DSC on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials;

(ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather;

(iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks;

(iv) Carrying out air quality monitoring as per EMP; and


C. Surface Water Quality



(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies;


(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites not in river; and


D. Noise Levels


(ii) Require horns not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle‘s approach;

(iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor;

(iv) Measurement of noise level at construction site as per EMP, and


E. Existing Infrastructure and Facilities

(i) Obtain from PIU/DSC the list of affected utilities and operators;

(ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services



F. Accessibility






(vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police/ concerned department for temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and


G. Landscape and Aesthetics


(ii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites;

(iii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas;

(iv) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and

(v) Request PMU/DSC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

H. Socio-Economic – Income


(ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access for people and vehicles;




I. Socio-Economic – Employment



J. Occupational Health and Safety

(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H and S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) H and S Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents;

(ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;







(vii) Provide H and S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers;





(xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

K. Community Health and Safety


(ii) Liaise with PIC/DSC in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps.



L. Work Camps




(iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood;




(viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and


M. Social and Cultural Resources

(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds of any historical remnants in any excavation work;

(ii) Request PIU/DSC or any authorized person with field training to observe excavation;


(iv)Inform PMU/PMC if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.

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