technical challenges - how to design iot systems
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HARDWARE CHALLENGESHow to Design IoT SystemsIoT Bulgaria Summit 2016
A Set Of Benefits? Or… Expectations?
Save Resources Increase Productivity Improve Our Health Enable New Services To Free Our Time To Make Our Life Better
Improving Human’s Is A Complicated Problem
„For every complex problem there is a
solution that isclear, simple and wrong.“
Maybe IoT Is Such A Wrong Solution?H. L. Mencken
Why?
Social Acceptance Privacy Data Confidentiality Intellectual Property Tracking
Manipulation Control Personal Freedom Complexity Technical Challenges
What Are The Predictions?
We Already Have 10+ Billion IoT Devices In 10 Years It Is Expected Their Count To Be 50 - 100
Billion The Expected Financial Impact Will Be $11+ Trillion
What Does It Mean?
What Do We Need To Do?
Solve All Social Issues Decide The Level Of Intelligence Create Reliable, Ubiquitous Network Connectivity Cope With Noise And Interference Provide Unlimited Electrical Power
Let’s Go Deeper…
Noise
Data Noise Radio Noise Electrical Interference
What Do I Mean?
Can You Make A Call?
Do You Think You’ll Be Able To Upload Your Selfie?
In Electronics We Can Use Shielding And Filtering To Protect From Noise Like We Use Umbrellas.It Works Perfect For The Rain, But…
“No Matter How Many Umbrellas We Have They Will Not Stop The Tsunami”Dr. Alexei Nikitin, TEDx
Network and Connectivity
Unlimited And Uninterrupted Internet Connection 50-100 Billion Unique Identifiers Cope With Collisions And Other Issues
How Much It Will Cost?
How Much It Is Going To Cost?
Do The Math:
Assume That The Internet Connection In 2025 For A Device Will Cost $0.1 / Month
$0.1 Х 50 Billion = $5 Billion / Month
Who Will Pay It?
What About Electricity?
IoT Will Require Enormous Amount Of Electrical EnergyMore Math:
Average Consumption Of ESP8266 Is 80 mAP module = I x U = 0,08A x 3V = 0,24 WP total = 50 x 109 x 0,24 W = 12 000 MW= 6X The Capacity Of “Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant”E = $1,5 Billion / Hour
“We cannot solve the problems with the same level of
thinking that created them”
How To Develop IoT Systems?
Who Are ZEKENG? ZEK Engineering Is A Hardware Designer Studio Established In 2007 As A Freelancing Company By 2
Engineers For 9 Active Years They Finished 150+ Projects I Joined The Company 6 Years Ago Part Time I Have Been Working Full Time For The Last 2 Years I Am Responsible For Customer Relations, Business
Development And The Internal Projects
What ZEKENG’s Team Has Achieved Over The Time In Partnership With Italian Designer Company
Worked On A Product CalledFree Power Jump By
Not Only Jumps… But Free Sense
This Started In 2011 !!!
It Was Done Before The ESP8266 Era When There Were No Tri-axial
Accelerometers And Gyroscopes And Each Of These Sensors Cost About
$30
Kippy Pet Finder – 2013GPS, GPRS & Bluetooth
Sensoria by2014
In The Period 2014 - 2016
Advanced Power Grid Quality Monitoring Systems IoT Motorcycles & Cars Multipurpose Temperature Monitoring Systems Intelligent Air Cleaning Systems Home/Office Automation Systems Antitheft Systems GPS Trackers People Meters Flood/Smoke/Gas Detectors & Alarms
The Ultimate IoT Design AlgorithmACCORDING TO US
What Is An IoT System?
SENSOR 1
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
ACTUATOR 1
SENSOR 2
SENSOR N
… ACTUATOR 2
ACTUATOR M
…MICROCONTROLLER
USER INTERFACE
The Ultimate IoT Design Algorithm
1. Data & Actions2. User Interface3. Security4. Data Representation5. Internet Connection
6. Application Logic7. Power Supply8. MCU9. Development Tools10.Other
1A. Data
Sensors
TemperatureHumidityPressureWeightNoise
LightMotionSmoke
GasProximity
Parameters:• Precision• Data Rate• Interface/Protocol• Power
Consumption• Price
1B. Actions
Actuators
RelaysValvesPWM
SteppersOther
Parameters:• Precision• Speed• Interface/Protocol• Power
Consumption• Price
2. User Interface
User Interface
DisplayTouch Screen
ButtonsPotsLEDs
Parameters:• Interface/Protocol• Power
Consumption• Price
3. Security (From HW Perspective)
What Will Be The Level Of Security? Can We Use Standard Solution? Do We Need Additional Hardware? What Computation Power Will Be Needed?
4. Data Representation
Do We Need Special Conversions (Phase Correction, Integration)?
What Accuracy Is Needed? Do We Need Raw Or Processed Data? Do We Need Compression?
5. Internet Connection & Protocols
Connectivity Wi-Fi or LAN? GPRS/3G/4G Bluetooth ZigBee Sub 1GHz Other
Protocols HTTP, TCP, UDP MQTT, AMQP Z-Wave Thread LoRaWAN Other
6. Application Logic
What Amount Of The Application Logic Will Be Implemented On The IoT Device?
Centralized Or Decentralized System? What Level Of Intelligence?
7. Power Supply
DC-DC Adaptor? Battery – Rechargeable Or Not? Both? Energy Harvesting?
8. Microcontroller
How Much Computational Power? DSP? How Much Memory (RAM, Flash)? Do We Need Non-volatile Memory? (EEPROM) Do We Need RTC? How Accurate? Do We Need Low Power Modes? (Battery Power
Supply) SoC Or SoM?
9. Development Tools
Hardware Evaluation Kits Oscilloscope Other Calibration Tools Debugger (JTAG) Interfaces (USB-
>RS232)
Software Compiler – Price/License IDE Server Environments Other Software OS (Real Time /
Multitasking)
10. Other
Schematic Design PCB Design 3D Design Software Firmware Sophisticated Algorithms
Do We Have Time?
System For Temperature And Humidity ControlEXAMPLE
Example: Requirements
MICROCONTROLLER
T H PIR
T H
ALARM
LED INDICATOR
S
BATTERY POWER SUPPLY
Wi-Fi
MICROCONTROLLER
GRID POWER SUPPLY
RELAY IR Wi-Fi
ALARM
LED INDICATOR
THERMOSTAT ACTUATOR
Example: The Ultimate Algorithm
1. Data & Actions2. User Interface3. Security4. Data Representation5. Internet Connection
6. Business Logic7. Power Supply8. MCU9. Development Tools10.Other
Example: Data (Thermostat)
MICROCONTROLLER
TEMP SENSORHUMIDITY SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY
BATTERY POWER GRID
LED INDICATOR
ALARMSMOKE DETECTOR
T/H ADJUSTMENT
Wi-Fi
MOTION SENSOR
Example: Actions (Actuator)
MICROCONTROLLER
RELAY
INFRA RED
POWER SUPPLY
POWER GRID
LED INDICATOR
ALARM
Wi-Fi
Example: Data Representation & Security Data Representation:
- Binary, Fixed Point, TCP- | UID | TS | TEMP | HUM | MOTION | ALARM | CS |
Use Embedded Security Options
Example: Internet Connection & NW Topology
INTERNET
Wi-Fi GATEWAY
THERMOSTAT
ACTUATOR COOLER
ACTUATOR HUMIDITY
ACTUATOR HEATER
CLOUD SERVICE
REMOTE
CLIENT
LOCAL CLIENT
Example: Application Logic
All Devices Connect Virtually To The Cloud Service We Need Device Interaction Actuators Should Implement The Part Of The
Application
Example: Power Supply
MICROCONTROLLER
TEMP SENSORHUMIDITY SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY
BATTERY POWER GRID
LED INDICATOR
ALARMSMOKE DETECTOR
T/H ADJUSTMENT
Wi-Fi
MOTION SENSOR
3.0V 1.8V
3.3V
3.3V; 5V
3.3V; 5V2.4V – 4.2V 5V
I2C
I2CUART
GPIO
ADC
UART
PWM
PWM
Example: Microcontroller
Wide Power Supply Range: 2.1 – 3.6V SoC – Wi-Fi ARM Core + ARM Cortex M4 @ 80MHz Hibernate Low Power Mode – 4µA 12-bit ADC, SD/MMC, 4 Timers, PWM, RTC SPI, I2C, UART Hardware Crypto Engine Hardware CRC and Checksum IP Stack TCP/UDP Sockets
Example: Development Tools SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 module LaunchPad SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 Software Development Kit
(SDK) Code Composer Studio (CCS) or IAR JTAG – XDS100 TI RTOS
YOU CAN DO IoT!But Would You?
OrYou Will Try To Avoid The IoT Hype?
“You can avoid reality, but you cannot avoid the consequences of
avoiding reality”
Ayn Rand
Thank you!email: [email protected]: +359 88 531 2217www: http://www.zekeng.com/contact-us/Fb: https://www.facebook.com/zekengineering/
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