technical documentation_glass break vehicular alarm system

of

Glass Break

Vehicular Alarm

System

June 2016

Technical Department, Concept Nova Limited

Glass Break Vehicular Alarm System of 29

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

ACRONYMS AND OTHER TERMS ------------------------------------------------------------ 3

1.0 OBJECTIVE, SYSTEM OPERATION AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ---------- 4

1.1 OBJECTIVE AND SYSTEM OPERATION -------------------------------------------- 5

1.1.1 Components Used -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

1.1.2 Technologies Applied ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5

1.2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5

2.0 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT ------------------------------------------------------------- 6

2.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM ------------------------------------------------------------ 7

2.1.1 Main Circuit --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

2.1.2 Remote Control Circuit -------------------------------------------------------------- 9

2.2 SYSTEM OPERATION MECHANISM ------------------------------------------------- 11

2.3 BILL OF MTERIALS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

3.0 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------------------------------- 12

3.1 EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ---------------------------------------------------------------- 13

3.2 PC INTERFACE SOFTWARE ------------------------------------------------------------ 14

3.3 GBVAS SET-UP GUIDE ------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

3.3.1 Required Tools/Accessories--------------------------------------------------------- 15

3.3.2 Powering Up Device ----------------------------------------------------------------- 15

3.3.3 Loading Audio File ------------------------------------------------------------------- 16

3.3.4 Configuring Device with User’s Data --------------------------------------------- 16

Annexure-I: BILL OF MATERIALS ------------------------------------------------------------ 17

Annexure-II: MAIN CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC AND BOARD LAYOUT ---------------- 24

Annexure-III: REMOTE CONTROL CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC AND BOARD

LAYOUT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27



ACRONYMS AND OTHER TERMS

1 AT ATtention

2 DC Direct Current

3 FTDI Future Technology Devices International

4 GBVAS Glass Break Vehicular Alarm System

5 GSM Global System/Standard for Mobile communication

6 IDE Integrated Development Environment

7 MCU Microcontroller Unit

8 MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

9 NO Normally Open

10 PC Personal Computer

11 PCB Printed Circuit Board

12 RF Radio Frequency

13 RTOS Real Time Operating System

14 SIM Subscriber Identity Module

15 SMS Short Message Service

16 SOS Save Our Soul

17 UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

18 UML Unified Modeling Language

19 VDC Volts Direct Current



Section 1.0

OBJECTIVE, SYSTEM OPERATION AND EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY



1.0 OBJECTIVE AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 OBJECTIVE AND SYSTEM OPERATION

As a result of the increase and incessant occurrences of breaking-in in to the vehicles by

burglars, the design and implementation of the Glass Break Vehicular Alarm System

(GBVAS) was conceived.

The GBVAS uses a glass break sensor (the 506T audio sensor). This sensor detects when

glass (windscreen or side windows) is broken, depicting forceful break in to the vehicle; and

then outputs signals to activate the timing unit, the voice box as well as the MCU. The voice

box outputs pre-recorded sound to the speakers, which sounds as an audible alarm, while the

MCU simultaneously causes the GSM unit to place SOS calls and/or SMS to the vehicle’s

owner for notification.

1.1.1 Components Used

1.1.1.1 Hardware materials

This includes the 506T Audio Sensor, a pair of speakers and those listed in Annexure-I.

1.1.1.2 Software compilers

Arduino®

IDE version 1.6.7 and Microsoft® Visual Studio 2013 IDE.

1.1.2 Technologies Applied

Embedded Systems Design, Embedded C programming, Architecture of Microprocessors,

Real Time Operating Systems, Electromagnetic Compatibility, Sensors, Communication

Buses, Microsoft Visual C++, Electronic Design, PCB Design etc.

1.2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The entire project was broken down into four different modules and the [unit] testing of each

module was initially performed before integrating them to perform the final [integrated] test.

a) Electronic Hardware Design

This unit entailed the electronic design and prototyping. The electronic circuit schematic

and PCB layout designs were done with the Eagle® software. Hardware prototyping and

testing was carried out extensively on the breadboard; thereafter, the rest were done on a

PCB.

b) Embedded Software Design

The MCU at the heart of the device is the Atmega328P-PU. This MCU was interfaced

with the hardware unit. Thereafter, it was programmed accordingly with embedded

software. There was a choice to either use the Atmega®

or Arduino®

library. The former

was utilized.

c) PC Interface Software Design

Because the GBVAS is to be set-up and configured on a PC before deployment in a

vehicle, the PC interface software became necessary.

d) Integrated Testing

The final test was performed after integrating all the aforementioned units.



Section 2.0

HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT



2.0 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

2.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.1.1 Main Circuit: also refer Annexure-II

Figure 2.0: The GBVAS Block Diagram (Main Circuit)

Protection Unit: It is a reverse protection unit which saves the system from damage in

situations when terminals of power supply are wrongly connected to the system. This unit is

essentially a P-channel MOSFET (FQP27P06A) as seen in the circuit diagram.

Power Supply Unit: This consists of:

10VDC power supply: It supplies power to the Audio Amplifier as well as the Glass

Break Sensor. LM2940IMP-10 (IC2 on the circuit diagram) linear regulator was used for

this purpose.

5VDC power supply: LM7805 (IC1) linear regulator combined with supporting elements

supplies 5VDC to MCU (U3), RF Receiver (M1), Digital Decoder (IC4) and the FTDI

module. It also supplies 4.3VDC to the Voice Box (VOICE MODULE) through the Step

Down unit which is essentially a 1N4007 diode (D1).

4.3VDC power supply: the GSM module is power sensitive and could also draw as high

as 2A in its burst state. This explains why it was placed on a separate voltage regulator.

IC5 regulates power supply to the GSM module.

The Switching Unit: This unit ensures that the Amplifier unit is powered only when glass

breaks. The essence of this is to minimize power consumption. For this switching function, a

relay (K1) was used and the time length for which the relay is closed is determined by the

Timing Unit.



Figure 2.1: The GBVAS finished Main PCB on the workbench during testing

Audio Amplifier: The amplifier chip used was TDA7297. It is a dual channel amp that

delivers up to 15W per channel. The amplifier takes audio input from the Voice Module and

outputs an amplified signal through two 30W 8ohm speakers.

GSM Unit: The GSM unit consists of M590 GSM module (U2) as well as the SIMLOCK

(X4). The GSM unit is controlled by the MCU.

MCU: This is the microcontroller unit that coordinates activities of the circuit. It is an

Atmega328P-PU MCU loaded with Arduino bootloader. It is clocked with 16MHz crystal

oscillator. When the Glass Break Sensor senses glass breakage, the MCU sends series of AT

commands to the GSM module.

Level Shifter: The serial terminals (TX and RX) of MCU operate at 5V as logic 1 and 0V as

logic 0. While those of the GSM module operate at 3.3V and 0V for logic 1 and 0

respectively. Direct connection of this voltage levels can damage the GSM module. Hence,

the need for a level shifting circuit. With this shifter therefore, when the MCU transmits 5V

(i.e. logic 1) on its TX, the GSM module will receive 3.3V (i.e. logic 1) on its RX and vice

versa.

Glass Break Sensor: It is an external circuitry that connects to the alarm via terminal block. It

is an active low sensor which when It senses breakage of glass, its signal output line that

connects to the MCU, Voice Box and the Timing Units goes LOW.



Timing Unit: Here, NE555 timer chip (IC3) configured in monostable mode was used. The

Timing Unit controls when and how long the Audio Amplifier connects to power supply.

When the Glass Break Sensor senses glass breakage, the timer connects the Audio Amplifier

to power for approximately 60secs (1.1*R7*C11) via the Switching Unit. After the elapse of

this period, the timer disconnects the amplifier from power. This is a measure that drastically

saves energy.

Step Down: this unit is just a 1N4007 diode (D1) which drops 5VDC to 4.3VDC supply

needed to power the Voice Box and a 100uF (C9) that smoothens the power. The 4.3VDC

obtained from here is different from that which powers the GSM module.

Voice Box: this unit stores .WAV sound to be played when glass breakage is sensed. Its

PINOUT are VDD (for 4.3V supply), GND (ground), DATA (an active low PIN used to play

the sound loaded the box), ROUT (right channel output of the voice box that connects to IN1-

R of the Amplifier), COM (ground) and LOUT (left channel output of the voice box that

connects to IN3-L of the Amplifier). The voice box has computer software used to load sound

file on it.

FTDI Unit: This module allows users to connect to the alarm and configure/change their

information. It also enables us to load program into the MCU.

RF Receiver: this is to receive the RF signal from the remote control. The remote control is

used to acknowledge and stop the alarm when it goes off. If the alarm is not stopped when it

goes off, it would sound for 60 seconds.

Digital Decoder: The RF signal received by the RF Receiver has encoded data which include

the address of the sender (which identifies the sender of the RF signal) and the actual data.

The decoder’s function is to retrieve this information from the RF signal.

Speakers: this is the output stage of the alarm. We used two units of 8ohm, 30W speaker for

left and right channels of the amplifier.

2.1.2 Remote Control Circuit: also refer Annexure-III

Figure 2.2: The GBVAS Block Diagram (Remote Control Circuit)

The remote control is used to stop/acknowledge the alarm when it has been activated. The

alarm will last for 60 seconds if the remote control is not pressed. The remote control has just

one button which essentially functions to momentarily connect the remote control circuitry to

power as well as start a timer simultaneously. The moment the circuit latches on to power for

2 seconds, the RF data which is encoded by a digital encoder is transmitted to the receiver.

After the passage of the 2 seconds window, the remote control disconnects from power.



Power Supply Unit: the remote control requires 6VDC operation supply. Nonetheless, it still

works well at a minimum of 4VDC. To obtain the required 6VDC, two units of CR2032

battery were used as each battery is rated 3VDC.

Latching Unit: The function of this unit is to conserve power. It ensures that when the remote

is not pressed, power is COMPLETELY cut off from the entire circuit. Hence, no current

flows in any part of circuit. This is to maximize battery life. The unit consists of:

Power Latch: this involves a DPST tact switch along with a P-Channel MOSFET and an

NPN transistor configured as shown in the circuit below. When the push button is

pressed.

Timer: this is configured to operate in monostable mode. It controls the length of time the

remote control is powered. The time window, which is 2 seconds long is sufficient for

encoded data to be transmitted.

When the tact switch (which is a momentary button) is pressed, the Power Latch circuit

latches on the remote control circuitry to power supply. After the elapse of 2seconds time

window, the Timer circuit unlatches itself as well as the entire remote control circuit from

power.

Digital Encoder: This encodes the address of the remote control and the data to be sent. The

decoder at the receiving end would ignore the data it received from the remote control if the

address it received does not match its own address.

Figure 2.3: The GBVAS finished Remote Control PCB on the workbench during testing



2.2 SYSTEM OPERATION MECHANISM

The GBVAS uses a glass break sensor (the 506T audio sensor). This sensor detects when

glass (windscreen or side windows) is broken, depicting forceful break in to the vehicle; and

then outputs signals to activate the timing unit, the voice box as well as the MCU.

On receipt of the signal from the glass break sensor, the timing circuit triggers the Switching

Unit (a Normally Open, NO, relay) to connect the Audio Amplifier to power for a period of

time (60 seconds). Over this period, the Voice Box, which was also activated by the same

glass break signal, plays the audio file loaded into its memory and outputs low power audio

signal to the amplifier which amplifies to a tune of 2 x 15W. This amplifier drives a pair of

speakers that outputs the pre-recorded sound as an audible alarm. Simultaneously, the MCU

causes the GSM unit to place SOS calls and/or SMS to the vehicle’s owner in order to notify

of the break-in.

The SOS GSM phone number, SOS GSM SMS text message, the choice to use SOS (SOS

calls and/or SOS text message) alerts or not, the number of times SOS call is to be made, the

choice of audio alarm and other user-specific options can be configured by user using the PC

interface software designed for the system. The alarm can be stopped after it goes off by

pressing the remote control within a range of 200 meters. Otherwise, the alarm would sound

for 60 seconds after which it would stop until when next glass breakage occurs.

2.3 BILL OF MATERIALS

This includes the 506T Audio Sensor, a pair of speakers and those listed in Annexure-I.



Section 3.0

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT



3.0 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

3.1 EMBEDDED SOFTWARE

This section describes the software modeling of the GBVAS. Throughout, the software UML

(Unified Modeling Language) notation is utilized.

The GBVAS is a real-time system (Figure 4.1). As an overview, real-time systems are often

complex because they have to deal with multiple independent streams of input events and

produce multiple independent outputs. These events have arrival rates that are often

unpredictable, although they must be subject to timing constraints specified in the system

requirements.

The GBVAS is a hard real-time system because there is a time-critical deadlines that must be

met – owner of the vehicle MUST promptly be notified by the system when break-in occurs.

The GBVAS real-time system has just one task: the glass break sensor monitoring when any

of the vehicle’s glasses is shattered/broken. It is purely a sequential system using just one

thread of execution. It is a foreground/background system with a super loop. As a result, the

use of an RTOS (Real Time Operating System) was not necessary.

The GBVAS task is configured to be event (or interrupt) driven I/O tasks because the system

constantly monitors when the glass break sensor has been activated. The event driven I/O

device is the glass break sensor, which is an audio sensor. The sensor constantly monitors

sound decibels and discriminates sound based on other sound qualities like intensity and

frequency.

Sensor Glass Break Sensor

THE GBVAS REAL-TIME SYSTEM

Actuator 1: A pair of Speakers

Actuator 2: GSM Unit

Figure 3.0: The GBVAS Real-Time System showing the input from the sensor node and outputs

to the actuators nodes.



The embedded software was written in embedded C, the target MCU being the Atmega328P-

PU. The development IDE was the Arduino®

IDE version 1.6.7.

3.2 PC INTERFACE SOFTWARE

As stated in Section 2.2, there are a number of configurable parameters namely: a) SOS GSM

phone number, b) SOS SMS text message, c) the choice to use a) and/or b) alerts or not, d)

the number of times SOS call is to be made, e) the choice of audio alarm and other user-

specific options. ThePC interface software enables the GBVAS to be set-up prior to

deployment in to the vehicle.

This PC software was developed with Visual C++ using the Microsoft® Visual Studio 2013

IDE. It does a handshake with the embedded software (loaded in the MCU of the GBVAS)

via the device’s UART.

Figure 3.2: The PC Interface Software (foreground) and the Arduino IDE (background) during the testing

phase

«external input device» : audio sensor

«input» : Decibels

Sensor Interface

: Sound Decibels

and Frequency

Data

1: read

(outdecibelsIn

put)

2: update (in

current Decibels)

Hardware / software boundary

Figure 3.1: GBVAS Task Design Model Communication Diagram



3.3 GBVAS SET-UP GUIDE

Figure 3.3: The PC Software User Interface

This is the guide for setting up of the GBVAS device prior to installation in a vehicle.

3.3.1 Required Tools/Accessories

The following tools are needed to set up and subsequently begin to use the device:

GBVAS Device

GBVAS Remote Control

Mini USB chord

PC Interface Software

Computer system (PC) running Windows XP or above

GSM SIM Card

3.3.2 Powering Up Device

a) Slot the SIM Card inside the SIM slot

b) Locate SW1 (Power switch).



c) Slide SW1 nob to the left to turn on the device.

Upon successful power up, a RED light will be ON and a GREEN light will be blinking.

3.3.3 Loading an Audio File

d) On the device, locate a USB port named “AUDIO”.

e) Plug USB chord into “AUDIO” and connect to a PC.

f) On the PC, click on “My Computer”, and locate the device’s drive.

g) Open the drive and put any MP3 file of your choice (maximum size is 7MB).

h) Safely eject the drive and unplug USB chord from the device.

The uploaded MP3 file will be played when the device’s alarm goes off.

3.3.4 Configuring Device with User’s Data

a) Preparing the GBVAS Device

i. Turn off the device by sliding SW1 to the right.

ii. On the alarm, locate SW2 (Configuration switch) and turn it ON by sliding the

nob to the left.

iii. Locate USB port named “CONFIG”.

iv. Plug USB chord into “CONFIG” and connect to a PC.

v. Turn on the device (by sliding SW1 to the left).

Upon successful operation, a RED light will be ON, a GREEN light will be blinking and

about 30seconds later, a BLUE light will come on showing that the device is ready for

configuration.

b) Configuring with Software

i. On the PC, open the Device Manager.

ii. Note the COM port number to which the device connects. E.g. USB Serial Port

(COM8).

iii. Lunch the PC Interface Software.

iv. Fill in the authorized phone number. The device calls and/or sends SMS to this

number in case of break-in.

v. Select the number of times the device should call when break-in occurs.

vi. Select the time interval between the calls/SMS. This is the time space between

repeated calls and/or SMS.

vii. Type in the COM port number noted in step b) ii above into the field named

“COM” and click Connect. In Figure 3.3 above, the number is 8.

viii. If SMS notification is needed check (or tick) the “Compose SMS” button and

compose the SMS.

ix. Select the number of times the device should send the SMS when break-in

occurs.

x. Click “Send to Device” button.

xi. After about 20 seconds, slide OFF SW2 and click “Exit” button on the software.

xii. Confirm that the BLUE light has gone off.

xiii. Disconnect the device from the PC.

At this point the device is fully configured and ready to use.



Annexure-I

BILL OF MATERIALS

MAIN CIRCUIT

Description Item Comment Pattern Quantity Components

0805 SMD Ceramic Capacitor

1 .47uF/50V 0805-CAP 1 C4

2 100nF/50V 0805-CAP 3 C10, C12, C15

3 10nF/50V 0805-CAP 1 C9

4 22pF/50V 0805-CAP 2 C16, C17

0805 SMD Resistor

5 100 R0805 1 R11

6 10k R0805 5 R8, R10, R14, R18, R20

7 1k R0805 6 R4, R16, R17, R19, R21,

R23

8 1k 1% R0805 1 R5

9 120K R0805 1 R12

10 2K 1% R0805 1 R6

11 3.5K R0805 1 R7

12 33K R0805 1 R15

13 4.7K R0805 1 R22

14 47K R0805 2 R2, R3

15 51K R0805 1 R9

16 220 R0805 1 R13

SMD Polarized Capacitor

17 100uF/25V PANASONIC_D 1 C7

18 10uF/35V PANASONIC_C 2 C1, C14




19 2200uF/25V PANASONIC_H13 2 C6, C13

20 22uF/35V PANASONIC_D 1 C5

21 470uF/16V PANASONIC_E 1 C11

THD Capacitor Polyester

22 100nF/250V C10B5 1 C8

23 220nF/100V C5B3.5 2 C2, C3

THD 16MHz Crystal Oscillator

24 16MHz HC49US 1 Y1

SMD Diode 25 1N4007-SMD DO-214AC(SMA) 3 D1, D3, D4

26 MMSZ5231BT1G SOD-123FL 1 D2

WS-SUT, 10mm*2.5mm, SPDT, ON-ON, 2.54mm, right

angle type, THT, Mini Slide Switch,

3 pins

27 1P2T 450302014072 2 SW1, SW2

THD 16mm Potentiometer two

level (Double Logarithmic

Potentiometer)

28 50k 3RP/1610G 1 R1

Logic GATE

29 CD4001BM SOIC 1 IC3



THD ATMEGA328P-PU

with ArduinoBootloader

(16MHz

32 ATMEGA328P-PU DIP28-2.54X7.62MM 1 U3




Bootloader)

LED

33 RED LED3MM 1 LED1

34 GREEN LED3MM 1 LED2

35 BLUE LED3MM 1 LED3

SMD P-Channel MOSFET

36 FDD4141TO252 TO252 1 Q1

SMD D-Flip Flop 37 HD74HC74 P-SOP14-3.95X8.65-

1.27 1 IC7

SMD RF Decoder 38 HT12D-20 SOP-A SOP20 (20 SOP-A) 1 IC2

THD Automotive Ultra-Miniature

Power Relay NAiS 39 JS-M1-12V-5 JS-M 1 K1

SMD Ultra-Low Quiescent Current

LDO Voltage Regulator

40 LM2940IMP-10V SOT223 1 IC1

SMD M590E GSM Module + Antenna

41 M590E + Antenna M590E + Antenna 1 U2

SMD Dual TIMER 42 NE556D SO14 1 IC5

SMD NPN Transistor

43 PN2222A SOT23-BEC 3 T1, T2, T3

ET-RX-13 Wireless Receiver Module

44 ET-RX-13 Wireless Receiver Module

RX-DVSA 1 M2




ANPHENOL C707A SIMLOCK® 2.5 mm with wide

solder tails

45 SIMLOCK-

C707_10M006_512_2A C707_10M006_512_2 1 X5

SMD Dip Switch 8 pol.

46 SWS008 SMS-008 1 S1

THD Audio Amplifier

47 TDA7297 MULTIWATT15V 1 U1

Terminal Block 3.5mm

48 TERMINAL-BLOCK-

3.5MM-5-PIN

TERMINAL-BLOCK-5-PIN-3.5MM-LONG-

PAD 2 X1, X2

Heat Sink (L=40mm x B=10mm x H=20mm)

49 TJ-HKA (L=40mm x B=10mm x H=20mm)

1 H1



REMOTE CONTROL CIRCUIT


0805 SMD Ceramic Capacitor

1 104(100nF) 0805-CAP 2 C1, C2

0805 SMD Capacitor

2 22uF 0805-CAP 1 C3

0805 SMD Resistor

3 100k R0805 1 R4

4 10k R0805 3 R2, R5, R6

5 1M R0805 1 R1

6 1k R0805 1 R3

Lithium Battery Varta

7 CR2032H CR2032H 2 G1, G2

SMD P-Channel PowerTrench®

MOSFET 8 FDD4141TO252 TO252 1 Q1

SMD Diode 9 1N4007-SMD DO-214AC(SMA) 1 D1

Encoder by HOLTEK

10 HT12E-20 SOP-A SOP20 (20 SOP-A) 1 IC1

SMD NPN Transistor

11 MMBT2222ALT1 SOT23-BEC 1 T1

SMD Timer 12 NE555D SO08 1 IC2

SMD Dip Switch 8 pol.

13 SWS008 SMS-008 1 S1



ET-TX-1 ASK OOK

Transmitter Module

14 TX-DVS ET-TX-1 1 M1

check: http://sunlongan.en.ec21.com/Hook_Switc

h_Series--885642_19020

61.html

15 DHS01-

B232A41UA(HOOKSWITCH)

DHS01-B232A41UA 1 SW1



Annexure-II

MAIN CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC AND BOARD LAYOUT



Annexure-III

REMOTE CONTROL CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC AND BOARD LAYOUT

technical documentation_glass break vehicular alarm system

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