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© ISO 2019
Non-destructive testing — NDT training syllabusesEssais non destructifs — Programmes de formation en END
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
ISO/TS25107
Reference numberISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
First edition2019-09
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Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ivIntroduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Termsanddefinitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 General ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
4.1 NDT training .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 14.2 Levels of competence ........................................................................................................................................................................ 24.3 General environmental and safety considerations .................................................................................................. 3
5 Radiographic testing (RT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ..................................................................................................................... 36 Ultrasonic testing (UT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ...........................................................................................................................167 Eddy current testing (ET) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ....................................................................................................................228 Penetrant testing (PT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ............................................................................................................................299 Magnetic particle testing (MT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ......................................................................................................3510 Leak testing (LT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ...........................................................................................................................................4211 Acoustic emission testing (AT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ......................................................................................................5412 Visual testing (VT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ......................................................................................................................................6213 Thermographic testing (TT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ............................................................................................................7014 Strain gauge testing (ST) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ......................................................................................................................7915 Developing techniques ................................................................................................................................................................................83Annex A (informative) Alternative training hours for advanced radiographic techniques .....................94Annex B (informative) Useful references ......................................................................................................................................................96
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Contents Page
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 7, Personnel qualification.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TR 25107:2006.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
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Introduction
The body of technical knowledge required of non-destructive testing (NDT) personnel is essential for the development of deliverables concerning NDT methods. No deliverables can be developed appropriately for NDT methods, without sufficient information on the technical background knowledge of the personnel who utilize the methods.
Role of NDT
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the safety, economic and ecological welfare of our society.
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which cannot be destroyed, modified or degraded by the testing process. This is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing, for example, safety parts, pipelines, power plants, and also constructions under in-service inspection, but even for unique parts in archaeology and culture.
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner structure of the object under test. Often, the outcome of the test needs to be interpreted to give a useful result; sometimes different NDT methods are combined or verified by other test methods.
NDT personnel and professional ethics
NDT personnel have a great responsibility, not only with respect to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good workmanship. The NDT personnel is independent and free from economic influences with regard to his/her test results, otherwise the results are compromised. The NDT personnel is aware of the importance of his/her signature and the consequences of incorrect test results for safety, health and environment.
Finally, the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations of test results carrying his/her signature and he/she never signs test reports beyond his/her certification.
Annex B provides standards numbers that can be of interest for the application of the provisions laid out in this document.
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Non-destructive testing — NDT training syllabuses
1 Scope
This document gives requirements and recommendations for non-destructive testing (NDT) training syllabuses, with the intention of harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs.
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to recognized standards. In addition to non-destructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses cover acoustic emission testing, eddy current testing, leak testing, magnetic testing, penetrant testing, radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, visual testing, thermographic testing, and strain gauge testing.
ISO/TS 25108 gives requirements and recommendations for NDT training organizations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
3 Termsanddefinitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1adjustmentset of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity to be measured
Note 1 to entry: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called gain adjustment).
4 General
4.1 NDT training
Training syllabuses by themselves cannot guarantee competence of the trainees to provide adequate technical knowledge, since it is quite common that some students achieve excellent results whereas others fail in the same class. ISO 9712 provides the minimum training requirements for candidates who possess adequate skills and prior knowledge. If it is not the case, consideration for additional training should include:
a) level 1, 2 and 3 — mathematics;
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
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b) level 1, 2 and 3 — materials and process;
c) level 3 — general knowledge common course applicable to all NDT methods.
As specified in ISO 9712, direct access to the level 2 examination requires the total training time for level 1, level 2 and direct access to level 3 requires the total training time shown for level 1, level 2 and level 3.
ISO 9712 also provides the opportunity for reductions in training duration for candidates seeking certification in more than one method or who have a certain educational degree in an NDT relevant subject. Thus, the training organizations should use discretion when implementing the syllabuses respective of their training environment taking into consideration product/industrial sectors and development or use of common focused courses which pertain to all NDT methods in developing their training curriculum.
4.2 Levels of competence
A three-level scheme, in accordance with ISO 9712, is used to define levels of competence to indicate the required depth of understanding, knowledge and application of material.
Level 1
— Acquire a general knowledge of topic areas.
— Identify equipment and accessories.
— Identify common reference documents.
— Recognize when material is applicable or why it is relevant.
— Demonstrate understanding by performing instructed inspection tasks.
Level 2
— Attain a sound understanding of concepts and principles.
— Develop a sound conceptual and comprehensive technical knowledge.
— Develop a sound working knowledge of procedures.
— Become familiar with common reference documents.
— Become proficient in the application of knowledge to practice.
— Apply concepts and techniques to inspection situations.
— Analyse information to make preliminary conclusions.
Level 3
— Attain an in-depth understanding of concepts and principles.
— Develop in-depth comprehensive technical knowledge of procedures.
— Be proficient in the application of knowledge to practice.
— Be proficient with the use of reference documents.
— Analyse information to form conclusions.
— Apply concepts and techniques to new inspection situations.
NOTE Where topics/subjects/content are listed across multiples levels in Tables 1 through 21, this indicates a more in-depth knowledge is required at the higher level(s).
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4.3 General environmental and safety considerations
4.3.1 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where the safety of the operator can be in danger owing to local conditions, or where the application of the particular NDT method or technique itself can compromise the safety of the operator and others in the vicinity.
An essential element of any training for NDT personnel shall therefore be safety. The duration of the training for this subject should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical training associated with a particular NDT method.
4.3.2 Additional training in radiation safety shall be required prior to radiographic training.
4.3.3 General safety considerations include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:
— environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity);
— toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmosphere);
— radiation safety (NDT materials, products);
— electrical safety (NDT equipment, lethal voltages, EMC);
— potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other dangerous environments);
— personal protection equipment (clothing, radiation dosimeters);
— pressure test safety.
5 Radiographic testing (RT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3
The radiographic testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 — General content
Level 1 (% of total duration)
Level 2 (% of total duration)
Level 3 (% of total duration)
5.1 Introduction to terminology and history of radiographic testing (RT)
3 1 1
5.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge
15 10 15
5.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its derived techniques
15 15 20
5.4 Equipment 25 20 255.5 Information prior to testing 5 8 55.6 Testing 30 25 2,55.7 Evaluation and reporting 5 10 7,55.8 Assessment 0 5 105.9 Quality aspects 2 5 85.10 Developments 0 1 6
NOTE Annex A provides guidance on the training process for advanced radiographic techniques.
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Tabl
e 2
— R
adio
grap
hic
test
ing
(RT
) — L
evel
s 1,
2 a
nd 3
Cont
ent
RT-
F (F
ilm)
RT
— D
(Dig
ital
)R
T-S
(Rad
iosc
opy)
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3Le
vel 1
Leve
l 2Le
vel 3
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 35.
1 In
trod
uctio
n to
te
rmin
olog
y an
d hi
stor
y of
ra
diog
raph
ic
test
ing
(RT)
His
tory
X
XX
XX
XX
XX
Purp
ose
of N
DT
Wha
t is t
esti
ng?
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Wha
t is t
he p
urpo
se o
f ND
T?X
XX
XX
XX
XX
At
wha
t sta
ge o
f life
is N
DT
perf
orm
ed o
n a
“pro
duct
”?X
XX
XX
XX
XX
H
ow d
oes i
t add
val
ue?
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Who
may
car
ry o
ut N
DT?
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Mai
n N
DT
met
hods
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Purp
ose
of ra
diog
raph
ic
test
ing
(RT)
Def
initi
onX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Ap
plic
abili
ty a
nd li
mit
atio
nsX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Te
rmin
olog
yEl
ectr
omag
netic
radi
atio
nX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Ener
gyX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Dos
eX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Dos
e ra
teX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Wav
elen
gth
XX
XX
XX
X
In
tens
ity
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
D
ose
rate
con
stan
tX
XX
XX
XX
Acti
vity
XX
XX
XX
X
Rele
vant
sta
ndar
dsSe
e An
nex
BX
XX
XX
X5.
2 Ph
ysic
al p
rinc
iple
s of
the
met
hod
and
asso
ciat
ed
know
ledg
e
Conc
epts
nec
essa
ry
for u
nder
stan
ding
th
e ph
ysic
al p
rinc
i-pl
es o
f rad
iogr
aphi
c te
stin
g (p
hysi
cs,
mat
hem
atic
s) m
ay
be th
e ob
ject
of a
pr
elim
inar
y co
urse
Gene
ral
Stru
ctur
e of
the
atom
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Elec
trom
agne
tic s
pect
rum
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Sour
ces o
f rad
iatio
n an
d it
s pr
oper
ties:
—
X-r
ays
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
— G
amm
a ra
ysX
XX
XX
XX
XX
—
Neu
tron
sX
XX
X-
ray
and
gam
ma
ray
spec
trum
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Esse
ntia
l rad
iogr
aphi
c pa
ram
eter
s:
— V
olta
geX
XX
XX
XX
XX
— C
urre
ntX
XX
XX
XX
XX
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Cont
ent
RT-
F (F
ilm)
RT
— D
(Dig
ital
)R
T-S
(Rad
iosc
opy)
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3Le
vel 1
Leve
l 2Le
vel 3
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3
—
Act
ivit
yX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Radi
atio
n fil
ters
XX
XX
XX
Foca
l spo
tX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Dos
eX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Dos
e ra
teX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Dos
e ra
te c
onst
ant
XX
XX
XX
X
Atte
nuat
ion
of
radi
atio
nGe
nera
l mec
hani
sm o
f int
erac
tion:
—
Pho
toel
ectr
ic e
ffect
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
—
Com
pton
effe
ctX
XX
XX
XX
XX
— P
air p
rodu
ctio
nX
XX
XX
XX
HVL
, TVL
and
att
enua
tion
law
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
H
arde
ning
of r
adia
tion,
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Sc
atte
red
radi
atio
n an
d bu
ild u
p fa
ctor
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Filte
ring
and
col
limat
ion
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
X-
ray
fluor
esce
nce
XX
XX
XX
X
At
tenu
atio
n of
neu
tron
s and
el
ectr
ons
XX
X
Ra
diat
ion
cont
rast
, noi
seCo
ntra
st, n
oise
, gra
nula
rity
XX
XX
XX
XX
XSp
ecifi
c con
tras
tX
XX
XX
XSc
atte
r inf
luen
ceX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Sign
al-t
o-no
ise
ratio
(SN
R)X
XX
XX
XCo
ntra
st-t
o-no
ise
ratio
XX
XX
Unsh
arpn
ess
XX
XX
XX
XX
XBa
sic s
pati
al re
solu
tion
XX
XX
XX
Pixe
l siz
eX
XX
XX
XN
orm
aliz
ed S
NR
(SN
R N)
XX
XX
XO
ptim
izat
ion
of im
age
qual
ity
Com
pens
atio
n pr
inci
ples
:—
Con
tras
t vs S
NR
XX
XX
— B
asic
spat
ial r
esol
utio
n vs
SN
RX
XX
X—
Loc
al u
nsha
rpne
ss v
s SN
RX
XX
X
Tabl
e 2
(con
tinue
d)
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Cont
ent
RT-
F (F
ilm)
RT
— D
(Dig
ital
)R
T-S
(Rad
iosc
opy)
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3Le
vel 1
Leve
l 2Le
vel 3
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3Sc
atte
r pro
tect
ion
XX
XX
XX
XX
XM
axim
um/o
ptim
um X
-ray
vol
tage
XX
XX
XX
Geom
etri
cal p
roje
ctio
n co
nditi
ons
Geom
etri
cal a
nd in
here
nt
unsh
arpn
ess
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
Geom
etri
cal m
agni
ficat
ion
XX
XX
XX
XEf
fect
of m
agni
ficat
ion
XX
XX
XX
XX
Opt
imum
mag
nific
atio
nX
XX
XX
Diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
radi
ogra
phy
and
radi
osco
pyX
XX
XX
X
Law
of t
he sq
uare
d di
stan
ceX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Imag
e qu
alit
y in
dica
tors
Wir
e ty
peX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Step
hol
e ty
peX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Plat
e ho
le ty
peX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Dup
lex
wir
e ty
peX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Mea
sure
men
t of b
asic
spa
tial
re
solu
tion
XX
XX
XX
Conv
ergi
ng li
ne p
airs
XX
XX
XLi
ne p
air g
auge
s (M
TF)
XX
X5.
3 Pr
oduc
t kno
wle
dge
and
capa
bilit
ies o
f th
e m
etho
d an
d it
s de
rive
d te
chni
ques
Gene
ral d
efec
tsPr
oces
ses o
verv
iew
:—
Cas
ting
XX
XX
XX
— F
orgi
ngX
XX
XX
— W
eldi
ngX
XX
XX
X—
Tub
es a
nd p
ipes
XX
XX
X—
Wro
ught
pro
duct
sX
XX
XX
— C
ompo
site
mat
eria
lX
XX
XX
X
Type
s of d
isco
ntin
uitie
sX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Frac
ture
mec
hani
csX
XX
Wor
king
load
XX
XM
ater
ial p
rope
rtie
sX
XX
XX
XO
rigi
n of
def
ects
XX
XX
XX
Eval
uatio
nX
XX
XX
X
Tabl
e 2
(con
tinue
d)
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Cont
ent
RT-
F (F
ilm)
RT
— D
(Dig
ital
)R
T-S
(Rad
iosc
opy)
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3Le
vel 1
Leve
l 2Le
vel 3
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3In
fluen
ce o
n de
tect
abili
tyTy
pe o
f def
ect
XX
XX
XX
XX
XSi
zeX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Ori
enta
tion
XX
XX
XX
XX
XN
umbe
r of e
xpos
ures
XX
XX
XX
Beam
dir
ectio
nX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Geom
etri
c dis
tort
ion
XX
Incr
ease
in w
all t
hick
ness
XX
XX
XX
Thic
knes
s ran
ges f
or X
- and
ga
mm
a ra
ysX
XX
XX
X
Num
ber o
f exp
osur
es v
s dis
tor-
tion
angl
e (t
ubes
and
pip
es)
XX
XX
XX
5.4
Equi
pmen
tRa
diat
ion
sour
ces —
X-
ray
sour
ces
Stan
dard
sour
ces:
— T
ypes
of s
ourc
esX
XX
XX
XX
XX
— S
tatio
nary
vs m
obile
XX
XX
XX
— C
onst
ruct
ion
and
func
tion
of
X-ra
y tu
bes
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
— U
nipo
lar v
s bip
olar
XX
XX
XX
Sp
ecia
l sou
rces
XX
XX
XX
Gene
ratio
n of
hig
h vo
ltage
XX
XX
XX
Cool
ing
XX
XX
XX
XX
XH
andl
ing
XX
XX
XX
XX
XPa
ram
eter
s:—
kV
XX
XX
XX
XX
X—
mA
XX
XX
XX
XX
X—
Spo
t siz
eX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Mea
sure
men
t of p
aram
eter
sX
XX
XX
XRa
diat
ion
sour
ces —
Ga
mm
a so
urce
sCo
ntai
ner:
— S
hiel
ding
XX
XX
XX
— C
lass
es o
f con
tain
ers
XX
Tran
spor
tatio
nX
XX
XX
XSo
urce
hol
der a
nd c
apsu
la:
Tabl
e 2
(con
tinue
d)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 7
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO/TS 25107:2019https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/58e6628a-f385-400b-a980-
29f457cacab7/iso-ts-25107-2019
ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
Cont
ent
RT-
F (F
ilm)
RT
— D
(Dig
ital
)R
T-S
(Rad
iosc
opy)
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3Le
vel 1
Leve
l 2Le
vel 3
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3—
Han
dlin
g an
d pr
ojec
tion
XX
XX
XX
— S
peci
al d
esig
nX
XX
X—
Col
limat
ion
XX
XX
XX
Para
met
ers:
— I
soto
pe ty
peX
XX
XX
X—
Spe
ctru
mX
XX
XX
X—
Ene
rgy
XX
XX
XX
— A
ctiv
ity
XX
XX
XX
— S
ourc
e si
zeX
XX
XX
X—
Hal
f life
XX
XX
XX
Film
Cons
truc
tion:
XX
XX
— L
aten
t im
age
info
rmat
ion
orig
inX
XX
X
— B
ase,
em
ulsi
on, s
ilver
br
omid
e, g
rain
size
, gra
in fo
rmX
XX
X
— P
hoto
pro
cess
XX
XX
Proc
essi
ng:
— P
rope
rtie
s of f
ilm s
yste
ms
XX
XX
— C
hara
cter
istic
cur
veX
XX
X—
Film
gra
dien
t, fil
m c
ontr
ast,
spee
dX
XX
X
— I
nflu
ence
of f
ilm p
roce
ssin
gX
XX
— S
ensi
tivi
tyX
XX
— G
ranu
lari
tyX
XX
— D
etai
l per
cept
ibili
tyX
XCl
assi
ficat
ion
of fi
lm s
yste
ms
XX
XQ
ualit
y as
sura
nce
with
film
test
st
rips
XX
Film
scre
ens:
— T
ype
of sc
reen
sX
XX
— I
nher
ent u
nsha
rpne
ssX
XX
Tabl
e 2
(con
tinue
d)
8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO/TS 25107:2019https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/58e6628a-f385-400b-a980-
29f457cacab7/iso-ts-25107-2019
ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
Cont
ent
RT-
F (F
ilm)
RT
— D
(Dig
ital
)R
T-S
(Rad
iosc
opy)
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3Le
vel 1
Leve
l 2Le
vel 3
Leve
l 1Le
vel 2
Leve
l 3—
Int
ensi
fyin
g ef
fect
XX
X—
Effe
ct o
f filt
erin
gX
XX
— S
cree
ns fo
r cob
alt 6
0 an
d Li
nac
XX
X
Wor
king
with
exp
osur
e ch
arts
XX
XFi
lm d
evel
opm
ent a
nd
dark
room
con
ditio
nsD
arkr
oom
des
ign
XX
XM
anua
l vs m
achi
ne d
evel
opm
ent
XX
XBa
ths:
— D
iffer
ent b
aths
XX
X—
Q
ualit
y as
sura
nce
in th
e da
rk r
oom
XX
X
Dev
elop
ing
proc
ess:
— P
rinc
iple
sX
XX
— P
roce
ssin
g eq
uipm
ent,
adju
stm
ent
XX
X
— C
heck
ing
XX
X—
Sto
rage
of u
nexp
osed
film
sX
XX
— D
arkr
oom
ligh
t tes
tX
XX
— F
og te
stX
XX
— C
lear
ing
tim
eX
XX
— T
ally
shee
tX
XX
Use
of te
st fi
lm s
trip
sX
XCo
mpu
ter-
radi
ogra
phy
(CR)
, Im
agin
g pl
ates
Phos
phor
imag
ing
plat
es:
— I
ntro
duct
ion
XX
X—
Des
ign
XX
XIm
agin
g pl
ate
and
CR-s
cann
erX
XX
CR s
yste
m a
nd c
lass
ifica
tion
XX
Qua
lity
assu
ranc
e (p
hant
om)
XX
Expo
sure
con
ditio
nsX
XX
Wor
king
with
exp
osur
e ch
arts
XX
XH
andl
ing
XX
X
Tabl
e 2
(con
tinue
d)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 9
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO/TS 25107:2019https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/58e6628a-f385-400b-a980-
29f457cacab7/iso-ts-25107-2019