technical program grid · 2005-01-25 · 6 tms 2005 annual meeting: technical program applications...

1TMS 2005 Annual Meeting: Technical Program

TECHNICAL PROGRAM GRID

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2 TMS 2005 Annual Meeting: Technical Program



3TMS 2005 Annual Meeting: Technical Program



TMS 2005 Annual Meeting: Technical Program 5

6th Global Innovations Symposium: Trends in Materials and ManufacturingTechnologies for Transportation Industries: Keynote Session ................................................ 2009 Mon-PM 65

6th Global Innovations Symposium: Trends in Materials and ManufacturingTechnologies for Transportation Industries: Rapid Prototyping ............................................... 2005 Tues-AM 115

6th Global Innovations Symposium: Trends in Materials and ManufacturingTechnologies for Transportation Industries: Sheet Metal Forming .......................................... 2009 Tues-AM 116

6th Global Innovations Symposium: Trends in Materials and ManufacturingTechnologies for Transportation Industries: Sheet Metal Processing ..................................... 2009 Tues-PM 166

6th Global Innovations Symposium: Trends in Materials and ManufacturingTechnologies for Transportation Industries: Novel Processes I .............................................. 2009 Wed-AM 232

6th Global Innovations Symposium: Trends in Materials and ManufacturingTechnologies for Transportation Industries: Novel Processes II ............................................. 2009 Wed-PM 282

6th Global Innovations Symposium: Trends in Materials and ManufacturingTechnologies for Transportation Industries: Bulk Metal Processing ........................................ 2009 Thurs-AM 331

Alumina and Bauxite: Industry Trends and Developments ...................................................... 2005 Mon-AM 15

Alumina and Bauxite: Bayer Process Chemistry Part I ............................................................ 2005 Mon-AM 16

Alumina and Bauxite: Bayer Process Chemistry Part II ............................................................ 2005 Mon-PM 65

Alumina and Bauxite: HES and Control & Modelling .................................................................. 2005 Mon-PM 66

Alumina and Bauxite: Influences of Alumina on Smelter Performance .................................... 2005 Tues-PM 167

Alumina and Bauxite: Bauxite and Bayer Process Red Side ................................................... 2005 Wed-AM 233

Alumina and Bauxite: Precipitation ............................................................................................ 2005 Wed-PM 283

Alumina and Bauxite: Alumina Quality ....................................................................................... 2005 Thurs-AM 332

Aluminum Alloys For Packaging ................................................................................................. 2002 Mon-AM 16

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Environmental and Modernization ...................................... 2003 Mon-AM 17

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Cell Development & Operations - Part 1 ............................ 2003 Mon-PM 67

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Cell Development & Operations - Part 2 ............................ 2003 Tues-PM 168

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Pot Control ........................................................................... 2003 Wed-AM 234

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Cell Stability ......................................................................... 2002 Wed-PM 285

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Emerging Technologies ....................................................... 2003 Wed-PM 286

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Fundamentals ...................................................................... 2003 Thurs-AM 333

Applications and Fundamentals of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials: Simulation &Control of Carbon Nanotube Formation ..................................................................................... 3018 Mon-PM 68

Applications and Fundamentals of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials: InorganicNanostructures ........................................................................................................................... 3018 Tues-AM 118

Applications and Fundamentals of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials: Applications ofCarbon-Based and Inorganic Nanostructures .......................................................................... 3018 Tues-PM 170

Applications and Fundamentals of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials: NanostructuredComposites .................................................................................................................................. 3018 Wed-AM 235

SESSION TITLE ROOM DAY PAGE

Table of Contents

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Applications and Fundamentals of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials: Monitor andControl of Nanostructure Synthesis .......................................................................................... 3018 Wed-PM 287

Arsenic Metallurgy: Fundamentals & Applications: Plenary Session ...................................... 2014 Mon-AM 18

Arsenic Metallurgy: Fundamentals & Applications: Removal of Arsenic and itsPrecipitation from Process Streams I ......................................................................................... 2014 Mon-PM 69

Arsenic Metallurgy: Fundamentals & Applications: Thermodynamics and Pyrometallurgy .... 2014 Tues-AM 119

Arsenic Metallurgy: Fundamentals & Applications: Removal of Arsenic and itsPrecipitation from Process Streams II ........................................................................................ 2014 Tues-PM 171

Arsenic Metallurgy: Fundamentals & Applications: Process Metallurgy ................................. 2014 Wed-AM 236

Automotive Alloys 2005: Session I ............................................................................................ 2006 Tues-PM 171

Automotive Alloys 2005: Session II ........................................................................................... 2006 Wed-AM 237

Automotive Alloys 2005: Session III ........................................................................................... 2006 Wed-PM 288

Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s: Applications I ......................................................................... Salon 10/11 Mon-AM 19

Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s: Applications II ........................................................................ Salon 10/11 Mon-PM 70

Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s: Phase Equilibria ..................................................................... Salon 10/11 Tues-AM 119

Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s: Composites and Processing ................................................ Salon 10/11 Tues-PM 173

Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s: Corrosion and Biomedical .................................................... Salon 10/11 Wed-AM 238

Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s: Mechanical Response .......................................................... Salon 10/11 Wed-PM 290

Biological Materials Science and Engineering: Biological Materials I ....................................... 3009 Mon-AM 20

Biological Materials Science and Engineering: Biological Materials II ....................................... 3009 Mon-PM 71

Biological Materials Science and Engineering: Biological Materials/Bio-MedicalApplications I ............................................................................................................................... 3009 Tues-AM 120

Biological Materials Science and Engineering: Biological Materials/Bio-MedicalApplications II .............................................................................................................................. 3009 Tues-PM 174

Biological Materials Science and Engineering: Biological Materials Characterizationand Biomimetics I ........................................................................................................................ 3009 Wed-AM 239

Biological Materials Science and Engineering: Biological Materials Characterizationand Biomimetics II ........................................................................................................................ 3009 Wed-PM 291

Bulk Metallic Glasses: Processing and Fabrication I ................................................................ 3006 Mon-AM 21

Bulk Metallic Glasses: Processing and Fabrication II ............................................................... 3006 Mon-PM 72

Bulk Metallic Glasses: Fatigue and Fracture ............................................................................. 3006 Tues-AM 122

Bulk Metallic Glasses: Shear Banding and Deformation .......................................................... 3006 Tues-PM 176

Bulk Metallic Glasses: Corrosion, Oxidation and Phase Transformation ................................ 3006 Wed-AM 240

Bulk Metallic Glasses: Mechanical Behavior ............................................................................. 3006 Wed-PM 292

Bulk Metallic Glasses: Mechanical Behavior and Phase Transformation ................................ 3006 Thurs-AM 334

Carbon Technology: Anode Raw Materials ............................................................................... 2007 Mon-AM 23

Carbon Technology: Green Anodes .......................................................................................... 2007 Mon-PM 74

Carbon Technology: Anode Baking ............................................................................................ 2007 Wed-AM 242

Carbon Technology: Cathode Materials and Corrosion I .......................................................... 2007 Wed-PM 294

Carbon Technology: Cathode Materials and Corrosion II ......................................................... 2007 Thurs-AM 335


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Cast Shop Technology: Cast Shop Safety ................................................................................ 2001 Mon-AM 24

Cast Shop Technology: Aluminum Melting: Strategies and Sourcing ....................................... 2001 Mon-PM 75

Cast Shop Technology: Melt Treatment: Fluxing, Alloying and Grain Refinement ................... 2002 Mon-PM 76

Cast Shop Technology: Aluminum Melting: Furnace Design and Refractories ....................... 2001 Tues-AM 124

Cast Shop Technology: Melt Treatment: Degassing and Filtration ........................................... 2001 Tues-PM 177

Cast Shop Technology: DC Casting: Melt Flow and Cooling .................................................... 2001 Wed-AM 243

Cast Shop Technology: DC Casting: Microstructure and Hot Tearing ..................................... 2001 Wed-PM 295

Cast Shop Technology: Foundry ................................................................................................ 2001 Thurs-AM 336

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Extraction and ProcessingApplications ................................................................................................................................. 2010 Mon-AM 25

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Characterization of StructuralEngineering Materials - I ............................................................................................................. 2010 Mon-PM 76

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Characterization of IndustrialProducts ...................................................................................................................................... 2012 Mon-PM 78

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Characterization of StructuralEngineering Materials - II ............................................................................................................ 2010 Tues-AM 125

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Characterization of LightWeight Materials - I ..................................................................................................................... 2012 Tues-AM 126

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Characterization of LightWeight Materials - II ..................................................................................................................... 2010 Tues-PM 178

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Materials Testing and Evaluation .......... 2010 Wed-AM 244

Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials: Materials Preparation andCharacterization ......................................................................................................................... 2010 Wed-PM 296

Computational Aspects of Mechanical Properties of Materials: Atomistic Methods ............... 3012 Mon-AM 26

Computational Aspects of Mechanical Properties of Materials: Atomistic Scale Modeling .... 3012 Mon-PM 79

Computational Aspects of Mechanical Properties of Materials: Nano-Scale andMeso-Scale Modeling .................................................................................................................. 3012 Tues-AM 127

Computational Aspects of Mechanical Properties of Materials: Meso-Scale andContinuum Modeling .................................................................................................................... 3012 Tues-PM 180

Computational Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations: Grain Boundaries andInterfaces I .................................................................................................................................. 3005 Mon-AM 27

Computational Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations: Materials Design andDevelopment ................................................................................................................................ 3005 Mon-PM 80

Computational Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations: Grain Boundaries andInterfaces II................... ............................................................................................................. 3005 Tues-AM 129

Computational Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations: Atomistic and Ab InitioMethods... .................................................................................................................................... 3005 Tues-PM 181

Computational Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations: Theory and Simulationof Alloys.................. ................................................................................................................... 3005 Wed-AM 246

Computational Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations: Thermodynamic Modelsand Databases...................... .................................................................................................... 3005 Wed-PM 297

Computational Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations: Phase Field Modelsand Related Methods............... .................................................................................................. 3005 Thurs-AM 337

Converter and Fire Refining Practices: Plenary..................... .................................................. 2016 Mon-AM 28

Converter and Fire Refining Practices: Operations and Modernization .................................. 2016 Mon-PM 81


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Converter and Fire Refining Practices: Process Improvements and Anode Casting ............. 2016 Tues-AM 130

Converter and Fire Refining Practices: Processing Fundamentals ......................................... 2016 Tues-PM 183

Converter and Fire Refining Practices: Advanced Technologies ............................................ 2016 Wed-AM 247

Corrosion Sensors and Monitoring ............................................................................................ 3018 Mon-AM 29

Extractive Metallurgy: Pyrometallurgy I ...................................................................................... 2018 Mon-AM 30

Extractive Metallurgy: Hydrometallurgy ..................................................................................... 2018 Mon-PM 82

Extractive Metallurgy: Recycling and Waste Minimization ........................................................ 2018 Tues-AM 131

Extractive Metallurgy: Copper .................................................................................................... 2018 Tues-PM 184

Extractive Metallurgy: Pyrometallurgy II ..................................................................................... 2018 Wed-AM 247

Friction Stir Welding and Processing III: Aluminum Alloys ......................................................... Nob Hill C/D Mon-AM 31

Friction Stir Welding and Processing III: High-Temperature Materials ...................................... Nob Hill C/D Mon-PM 83

Friction Stir Welding and Processing III: Friction Stir Processing ............................................. Nob Hill C/D Tues-AM 132

Friction Stir Welding and Processing III: Process/Applications ................................................ Nob Hill C/D Tues-PM 184

Friction Stir Welding and Processing III: Modeling ..................................................................... Nob Hill C/D Wed-AM 248

Friction Stir Welding and Processing III: Microstructure and Texture ....................................... Nob Hill C/D Wed-PM 298

Frontiers in Solidification Science: Morphological Evolution and Mushy ZonePhenomena I ................................................................................................................................ 2020 Mon-AM 32

Frontiers in Solidification Science: Morphological Evolution and Mushy ZonePhenomena II ............................................................................................................................... 2020 Mon-PM 85

Frontiers in Solidification Science: Nucleation .......................................................................... 2020 Tues-AM 133

Frontiers in Solidification Science: Crystal-Melt Interfaces: Fundamental Propertiesand Related Behavior ................................................................................................................. 2020 Tues-PM 186

Frontiers in Solidification Science: Poster Session .................................................................. 2020 Tues-PM 187

Frontiers in Thin Film Growth and Nanostructured Materials: A Symposium in Honorof Prof. Jagdish Narayan: Nanostructures and Nanocomposites I ......................................... 3020 Mon-AM 33

Frontiers in Thin Film Growth and Nanostructured Materials: A Symposium in Honorof Prof. Jagdish Narayan: Nanostructures and Nanocomposites II ........................................ 3020 Mon-PM 86

Frontiers in Thin Film Growth and Nanostructured Materials: A Symposium in Honorof Prof. Jagdish Narayan: Thin Films, Coatings and Nanostructures ...................................... 3020 Tues-AM 134

Frontiers in Thin Film Growth and Nanostructured Materials: A Symposium in Honorof Prof. Jagdish Narayan: Semiconductors .............................................................................. 3020 Tues-PM 190

Frontiers in Thin Film Growth and Nanostructured Materials: A Symposium in Honorof Prof. Jagdish Narayan: Advanced Technology and Applications I ...................................... 3020 Wed-AM 250

Frontiers in Thin Film Growth and Nanostructured Materials: A Symposium in Honorof Prof. Jagdish Narayan: Advanced Technology and Applications II ..................................... 3020 Wed-PM 300

Functional Thin Films for Sensors: The Physics and Applications of Functional ThinFilms in Sensors ......................................................................................................................... 3022 Mon-AM 35

Functional Thin Films for Sensors: Novel Synthesis Methods and Applications ofFunctional Thin Films ................................................................................................................... 3022 Mon-PM 87

General Abstracts: Electronic Materials .................................................................................... 2011 Mon-AM 36

General Abstracts: Temperature Treatments and Casting ....................................................... 2012 Mon-AM 38

General Abstracts: Composites and Coatings .......................................................................... 2011 Mon-PM 88

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General Abstracts: Nanostructured and Lightweight Materials .............................................. 2007 Tues-AM 136

General Abstracts: Advances in Steels .................................................................................... 2011 Tues-AM 137

General Abstracts: Environmental Damage and Durability ....................................................... 2011 Tues-PM 191

General Abstracts: Mechanical Behavior—Dynamic Loading ................................................. 2020 Wed-AM 251

General Abstracts: Mechanical Behavior—Quasi-Static Loading ........................................... 2006 Thurs-AM 339

General Poster Session ............................................................................................................. Exhibit Hall MonPM-WedPM 356

Globalization of Materials R&D ................................................................................................... 2009 Mon-AM 39

Hume Rothery Symposium: The Science of Complex Alloys ................................................... 3008 Mon-AM 39

Hume Rothery Symposium: The Science of Complex Alloys ................................................... 3008 Mon-PM 89

Hume Rothery Symposium: The Science of Complex Alloys ................................................... 3008 Tues-AM 138

Hume Rothery Symposium: The Science of Complex Alloys ................................................... 3008 Tues-PM 192

Industrial Energy Reduction: Materials Opportunity Analysis ................................................... 2000 Mon-AM 40

Lead Free Solder Implementation: Reliability, Alloy Development, New Technology:Interfacial Reactions and Phase Stability in Lead Free Solder Alloys ...................................... 3014 Mon-AM 41

Lead Free Solder Implementation: Reliability, Alloy Development, New Technology:Intermetallic Growth in Lead-Free Solder Joints ....................................................................... 3014 Mon-PM 90

Lead Free Solder Implementation: Reliability, Alloy Development, New Technology:Lead-Free Solder Alloy Development ........................................................................................ 3014 Tues-AM 139

Lead Free Solder Implementation: Reliability, Alloy Development, New Technology:Electromigration, and Electrical “Aging” of Lead-Free Solder Joints ....................................... 3014 Tues-PM 193

Lead Free Solder Implementation: Reliability, Alloy Development, New Technology:Thermal Fatigue and Reliability of Lead-Free Solder Joints ..................................................... 3014 Wed-AM 252

Lead Free Solder Implementation: Reliability, Alloy Development, New Technology:Mechanical Properties of Lead-Free Solder Alloys and Solder Joints .................................... 3014 Wed-PM 301

Magnesium Technology 2005: Magnesium, Primary Production and Environmental ............... 2004 Mon-AM 43

Magnesium Technology 2005: Wrought Magnesium Alloys I .................................................... 2006 Mon-AM 44

Magnesium Technology 2005: Magnesium and Alloys - Refining, Recycling andFundamentals .............................................................................................................................. 2004 Mon-PM 92

Magnesium Technology 2005: Wrought Magnesium Alloys II ................................................... 2006 Mon-PM 93

Magnesium Technology 2005: Thermodynamics (Magnesium Alloys) ..................................... 2004 Tues-AM 140

Magnesium Technology 2005: Wrought Magnesium Alloys III .................................................. 2006 Tues-AM 142

Magnesium Technology 2005: Magnesium Alloy Development ................................................ 2004 Tues-PM 195

Magnesium Technology 2005: Magnesium Alloy Processing ................................................... 2004 Wed-AM 254

Magnesium Technology 2005: Creep Resistant Magnesium Alloys and Welding-Joining ...... 2004 Wed-PM 303

Magnesium Technology 2005: Corrosion and Surface Finishing - Magnesium Alloys ........... 2004 Thurs-AM 340

Materials Issues for Advanced Nuclear Systems: Materials for Gen IV andSpace Nuclear Systems ............................................................................................................. 3012 Wed-AM 255

Materials Issues for Advanced Nuclear Systems: Materials for Nuclear Waste Storage ...... 3012 Wed-PM 304

Materials Issues for Advanced Nuclear Systems: Materials Compatibility ............................. 3012 Thurs-AM 342

Materials Processing Fundamentals: Solidification & Casting .................................................. 3001 Mon-AM 45

Materials Processing Fundamentals: Liquid Metal Processing ................................................ 3001 Mon-PM 95

Materials Processing Fundamentals: Smelting and Refining I .................................................. 3001 Tues-AM 143


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Materials Processing Fundamentals: Smelting and Refining II ................................................. 3001 Tues-PM 196

Materials Processing Fundamentals: Powders, Composites & Coatings ................................ 3001 Wed-AM 257

Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures: Strengthening Mechanismsat Small Length Scale ................................................................................................................. 2024 Mon-AM 47

Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures: Plasticity and DeformationMechanisms at Small Length Scale ........................................................................................... 2024 Mon-PM 96

Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures: Stability, Strain and Stress ............ 2024 Tues-AM 145

Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures: Fatigue, Fracture, andReliability of MEMs and Thin Structures I ................................................................................... 2024 Tues-PM 197

Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures: Fatigue, Fracture, andReliability of MEMs and Thin Structures II .................................................................................. 2024 Wed-AM 258

Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures: Advanced CharacterizationTechniques .................................................................................................................................. 2024 Wed-PM 305

Metallurgical Technology for Waste Minimization: Session I .................................................... 2012 Tues-PM 199

Metallurgical Technology for Waste Minimization: Session II .................................................... 2012 Wed-AM 260

Metallurgical Technology for Waste Minimization: Session III ................................................... 2012 Wed-PM 307

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Dislocation Mechanics of Plasticity ................................................................... 3000 Mon-AM 49

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Impression and Indentation Testing ................................................................... 3000 Mon-PM 98

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Diffusion and Atomistic Modeling ....................................................................... 3000 Tues-AM 147

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Microstructure and System Stability .................................................................. 3000 Tues-PM 200

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Mechanics of Nanostructures ........................................................................... 3000 Wed-AM 261

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Fatigue, Fracture and Failure ............................................................................ 3000 Wed-PM 308

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Thin Films and Multilayers .................................................................................. 3000 Thurs-AM 343

Micromechanics of Advanced Materials II (Symposium in Honor of James C.M. Li’s80th Birthday: Shock Compression ........................................................................................... 3000 Thurs-AM 344

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: Modelling Defect Evolution ....................... 3011 Mon-AM 51

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: Modelling Defect Evolution andOxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloys ...................................................................................... 3011 Mon-PM 100

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: RPV Embrittlement and OxideDispersion Strengthened Alloys ................................................................................................. 3011 Tues-AM 148

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: Microstructure Evolution andSegregation ................................................................................................................................. 3011 Tues-PM 202

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: Poster Session ......................................... 3011 Tues-PM 203

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: He/H Interactions andFerritic/Martensitic Steels ........................................................................................................... 3011 Wed-AM 263

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: Carbides, Nitrides and Oxides ................ 3011 Wed-PM 310

Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials: Mechanical Behavior of IrradiatedMaterials ...................................................................................................................................... 3011 Thurs-AM 344

Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of John E. Morral: Analysisof Interdiffusion Microstructures: Session I ............................................................................. 3007 Mon-AM 52


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SESSION TITLE ROOM DAY PAGESESSION TITLE ROOM DAY PAGE

Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of John E. Morral: Analysisof Interdiffusion Microstructures: Session II ............................................................................. 3007 Mon-PM 101

Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of John E. Morral:Experimental Methods for Determining Diffusion Mechanisms ................................................ 3007 Tues-AM 150

Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of John E. Morral: Diffusionin Oxide Systems ........................................................................................................................ 3007 Tues-PM 208

Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of John E. Morral:Computational Tools for Understanding Diffusion Mechanisms ............................................... 3007 Wed-AM 264

Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of John E. Morral:Applications of Multicomponent Multiphase Diffusion .............................................................. 3007 Wed-PM 311

Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Mechanical Behavior: Facilities, Techniques,and Capabilities ........................................................................................................................... 3004 Mon-AM 53

Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Mechanical Behavior: Deformation I ........................ 3004 Mon-PM 102

Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Mechanical Behavior: Deformation II ........................ 3004 Tues-AM 151

Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Mechanical Behavior: Deformation III ....................... 3004 Tues-PM 209

Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Mechanical Behavior: Residual Stress I .................. 3004 Wed-AM 265

Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Mechanical Behavior: Residual Stress II ................. 3004 Wed-PM 312

Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Mechanical Behavior: Phase Transformation ......... 3004 Thurs-AM 346

Neutron Scattering in Materials Research: Diffraction, Phases, and Micromechanics .......... 3022 Tues-AM 152

Neutron Scattering in Materials Research: Diffraction: Instruments and Nanostructure ....... 3022 Tues-PM 211

Neutron Scattering in Materials Research: Dynamics and Inelastic Scattering ...................... 3022 Wed-AM 267

Neutron Scattering in Materials Research: Diffusion and Other Processes .......................... 3022 Wed-PM 313

Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in ElectronicMaterials IV: Magnetic and Semiconducting Materials ............................................................. 3016 Mon-AM 55

Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in ElectronicMaterials IV: Thin Film Stability and Reactions, Electro- and ThermomigrationPhenomena .................................................................................................................................. 3016 Mon-PM 103

Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in ElectronicMaterials IV: Aging, Crystallographic Texturing and Characterization of Solder Joints ......... 3016 Tues-AM 154

Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in ElectronicMaterials IV: Phase Equilibria, Interfacial Energy and Wetting Phenomena in SolderJoints ........................................................................................................................................... 3016 Tues-PM 211

Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in ElectronicMaterials IV: Interfacial Reactions and IMC Formation in Solder Joints ................................... 3016 Wed-AM 268

Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in ElectronicMaterials IV: Effects of Alloying Additions on the Microstructural Evolution of Soldersand Solder Joints ........................................................................................................................ 3016 Wed-PM 314

Phase Transformations Within Small-Size Systems: Thermodynamics, Phase Equilibriaand Kinetics ................................................................................................................................. 3002 Mon-AM 56

Phase Transformations Within Small-Size Systems: Order-Disorder Transformations ......... 3002 Mon-PM 105

Phase Transformations Within Small-Size Systems: Phase Separation, Precipitationand Displacive Transformations ................................................................................................ 3002 Tues-AM 155

Phase Transformations Within Small-Size Systems: Magnetic and StructuralTransformations ......................................................................................................................... 3002 Tues-PM 213

Phase Transformations Within Small-Size Systems: Amorphous to NanocrystalTransformations ......................................................................................................................... 3002 Wed-AM 269

Phase Transformations Within Small-Size Systems: Transformations in Thin/Thick Filmsand Multilayers ............................................................................................................................ 3002 Wed-PM 315

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Powder Metallurgy Research and Development in the Transportation Industry:Titanium Alloys - P/M Developments .......................................................................................... 3008 Wed-AM 270

Powder Metallurgy Research and Development in the Transportation Industry:Sintering and Densification - P/M Processing ........................................................................... 3008 Wed-PM 316

Powder Metallurgy Research and Development in the Transportation Industry:Nano-Materials, Intermetallics, Amorphous and Composites - P/M Developments ................. 3008 Thurs-AM 347

Precious Metals: Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Os, Rh, Ir, Ru .......................................................................... 2022 Mon-AM 57

Products, Services, Suppliers Showcase ................................................................................ 2000 Wed-AM 271

Rare Earths, Science, Technology, and Applications V: Reactive Metal Processing ............. 3001 Wed-PM 317

Rare Earths, Science, Technology, and Applications V: Rare Earths ..................................... 3001 Thurs-AM 348

Recycling - General Sessions: Aluminum and Consumer Goods Recycling ........................... 2011 Wed-AM 272

Recycling - General Sessions: Non-Ferrous Recycling .......................................................... 2011 Wed-PM 319

Recycling - General Sessions: Post-Consumer Recycling ...................................................... 2011 Thurs-AM 350

Refractory Metals in Electronic Applications: Joint Session with Texture andMicrostructure in Thin Films and Coatings: Texture and Thin Films ......................................... 3010 Tues-PM 214

Refractory Metals in Electronic Applications: Applications ...................................................... 3010 Wed-AM 273

Refractory Metals in Electronic Applications: Processing and Properties .............................. 3010 Wed-PM 320

Shape Casting - The John Campbell Symposium: Liquid Metal Quality .................................... 2008 Mon-AM 57

Shape Casting - The John Campbell Symposium: Filling and Feeding ..................................... 2008 Mon-PM 106

Shape Casting - The John Campbell Symposium: Solidification ............................................... 2008 Tues-AM 157

Shape Casting - The John Campbell Symposium: Structure and Properties ........................... 2008 Tues-PM 215

Shape Casting - The John Campbell Symposium: Modeling ..................................................... 2008 Wed-AM 274

Shape Casting - The John Campbell Symposium: Applications ............................................... 2008 Wed-PM 321

Superalloys and Coatings for High Temperature Applications: Bond-CoatTechnologies - I ........................................................................................................................... Nob Hill A/B Mon-AM 58

Superalloys and Coatings for High Temperature Applications: Bond-CoatTechnologies - II .......................................................................................................................... Nob Hill A/B Mon-PM 107

Superalloys and Coatings for High Temperature Applications: Oxidation Behavior - I ........... Nob Hill A/B Tues-AM 158

Superalloys and Coatings for High Temperature Applications: Ceramic Materialsfor TBCs ...................................................................................................................................... Nob Hill A/B Tues-PM 217

Superalloys and Coatings for High Temperature Applications: Superalloys - I ....................... Nob Hill A/B Wed-AM 276

Superalloys and Coatings for High Temperature Applications: Superalloys - II ...................... Nob Hill A/B Wed-PM 322

Superalloys and Coatings for High Temperature Applications: Superalloys - III ..................... Nob Hill A/B Thurs-AM 351

Surface Engineering in Materials Science III: Laser Processing for Surface Modification .... 2022 Mon-PM 108

Surface Engineering in Materials Science III: Nanocoatings .................................................... 2022 Tues-AM 159

Surface Engineering in Materials Science III: Thin Films ........................................................... 2022 Tues-PM 218

Surface Engineering in Materials Science III: Characterization of Surfaces andFilms/Coating ............................................................................................................................... 2022 Wed-AM 277

Surface Engineering in Materials Science III: Plasma Processing for SurfaceModification ................................................................................................................................. 2022 Wed-PM 323

Surface Engineering in Materials Science III: Coating Properties and ProcessingEffects ......................................................................................................................................... 2022 Thurs-AM 352


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Texture and Microstructure in Thin Films and Coatings: Copper Metallization ........................ 3010 Mon-AM 60

Texture and Microstructure in Thin Films and Coatings: Techniques and Coatings ............... 3010 Mon-PM 110

Texture and Microstructure in Thin Films and Coatings: Coatings ........................................... 3010 Tues-AM 161

Texture and Microstructure in Thin Films and Coatings: Joint Session with RefractoryMetals in Electronic Applications: Texture and Thin Films ........................................................ 3010 Tues-PM 220

The Armen G. Khachaturyan Symposium on Phase Transformation and MicrostructuralEvolution in Crystalline Solids: Session I ................................................................................... 3003 Mon-AM 61

The Armen G. Khachaturyan Symposium on Phase Transformation and MicrostructuralEvolution in Crystalline Solids: Session II .................................................................................. 3003 Mon-PM 111

The Armen G. Khachaturyan Symposium on Phase Transformation and MicrostructuralEvolution in Crystalline Solids: Session III .................................................................................. 3003 Tues-AM 162

The Armen G. Khachaturyan Symposium on Phase Transformation and MicrostructuralEvolution in Crystalline Solids: Session IV ................................................................................ 3003 Tues-PM 220

The Armen G. Khachaturyan Symposium on Phase Transformation and MicrostructuralEvolution in Crystalline Solids: Session V ................................................................................. 3003 Wed-AM 278

The Armen G. Khachaturyan Symposium on Phase Transformation and MicrostructuralEvolution in Crystalline Solids: Session VI ................................................................................ 3003 Wed-PM 325

The Armen G. Khachaturyan Symposium on Phase Transformation and MicrostructuralEvolution in Crystalline Solids: Session VII ............................................................................... 3003 Thurs-AM 353

The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials: Creep ........................ 3024 Mon-AM 63

The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials: High TemperatureDeformation Including Superplasticity ....................................................................................... 3024 Mon-PM 112

The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials: Grain BoundaryProperties and Severe Plastic Deformation .............................................................................. 3024 Tues-AM 163

The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials: Equal ChannelAngular Pressing ........................................................................................................................ 3024 Tues-PM 222

The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials: Poster Session ........ 3024 Tues-PM 223

The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials: Ultrafine-GrainedMaterials I .................................................................................................................................... 3024 Wed-AM 280

The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials: Ultrafine-GrainedMaterials II .................................................................................................................................... 3024 Wed-PM 326

The Role of Technology in the Global Primary Aluminum Industry Today and in the Future ... 2000 Tues-AM 165

TMS Featured Presentations ...................................................................................................... 2016 Wed-PM 329


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TECHNICAL PROGRAMMoscone West Convention Center; San Francisco, California USA; February 13-17, 2005

MONDAYAlumina and Bauxite: Industry Trends andDevelopmentsSponsored by: Light Metals Division, LMD-Aluminum CommitteeProgram Organizers: Dag Olsen, Hydro Aluminium AS, Porsgrunn3907 Norway; Travis Galloway, Century Aluminum, Hawesville, KY42348 USA; Halvor Kvande, Norsk Hydro ASA, Oslo N-0240Norway

Monday AM Room: 2005February 14, 2005 Location: Moscone West Convention Center

Session Chair: Victorio Siqueira, CVRD, Alumina Business, Rio deJaneiro, RJ 20030 900 Brazil

8:30 AMBauxite Mining Sustainably: Patrick Riley Atkins1; 1Alcoa, Inc.,390 Park Ave., New York, NY 10022 USA Beginning in 1990, The international Aluminum Institute began aprogram to report on the bauxite mineing and rehabilitation activitiesof the worldwide industry. A survey process was initiated and reportswere published in 1992, 1998 and 2004. The recently published 2004report includes extensive data on mines that represent over 70% ofthe world’s output of bauxite. This paper describe the latest report andwill focus on the mine rehabilitation technologies,progress and perfor-mance, on company/community interactions and the sustainabilitygoals of the industry.

8:55 AMBauxite Supply to the Aluminum Industry - An Update andNew Perspective: William Boyd Morrison1; 1William B. Morrison &Associates, 3115 Bayo Vista, Alameda, CA 94501 USA Decisions on bauxite feed sources affect and direct the very founda-tion of the alumina refinery siteing process. The chemical and min-eralogical composition of the bauxite feed determine process configu-ration and facility design as well as overall project economics. Thisdrive for an assured source of “quality” bauxite is an ongoing one thatnever ceases. Existing refineries are continually confronted with baux-ite supply issues. These issues dictate the needs to a refinery for:Utilization of the geologically best possible sources located at the bestgeographic position. Delivery at a reasonable cost. Consistency inprocessability. Stability in supply. Minimization of environmental risk.More and more the emphasis today for existing alumina refineries ison the word “assured.” As the industry’s alumina refineries age, so dotheir bauxite sources. What was once good, cheap, and abundant maynot be so now. It should be noted that no new “world class” sources onbauxite have been developed recently. This paper revisits a previousstudy performed five years ago by again focusing upon the bauxitesupply situation as it exists in the industry today. The review coversboth existing bauxite sources as well as potential new ones. In doing soit addresses bauxite requirements from the refinery perspective andbauxite production from the source perspective. Differing from theprevious paper additional emphasis is placed upon the needs and re-quirements associated with the initial efforts to identify and confirmpotential sources of bauxite through more comprehensive, reliable andtarget oriented geological analysis. The following will focus upon thebauxite supply situation. Identify where supply problems will emerge ifthey have not already arisen. Revisit the potential for developing newsources. Evaluate these sources much more extensively from a geo-logical perspective. Look at the economic and political issues of sup-ply and finally update the former cost comparison between existingand potential bauxite sources.

9:20 AMGreenfield Dilemma - Innovation Challenges: Peter-Hans terWeer1; 1TWS Services and Advise, Imkerweg 5, Huizen 1272 EB TheNetherlands

After a long period without greenfield projects, the Aluminiumindustry is currently considering several greenfield Bauxite/Aluminaopportunities worldwide. Many of these potential projects howeverhave difficulty to meet threshold criteria used by the industry for theireconomic evaluation. This paper provides an insight in aspects of thisissue, and it compares the economics of brownfield with greenfieldBauxite/Alumina projects. It concludes with suggested directions thatcould be explored to improve greenfield project economics.

9:45 AMComplex System of Long-Term Forecasting of World Marketsof Primary Aluminium and Alumina: B. Arlyuk1; 1AlumconsultLtd., 2, Shkiperski protok, St. Petersburg 199106 Russia The complex system of the long-term forecast of the markets ofprimary aluminium and metallurgical alumina, taking into accounttheir mutual connections and influence is developed. The system isbased on the analytical description of the market connections deter-mining a sales volume and the prices of aluminium and alumina. It hasallowed to limit the amount of empirical factors in comparison tousually used econometric approach and has provided the comprehen-sible significance of model. For an estimation the consumption ofprimary aluminium at the West the forecasts of development theeconomics in the Western countries is used, which is characterized bycyclic change of indexes of industrial production. The degree of capac-ity utilizations of smelters and refineries or the volume of supply ofthe market in turn depends on a level of the world prices for aluminiumand spot prices for alumina. Thus, the system of the forecast takesinto account presence of a plenty feedback as inside subsystems of theforecast of the market of aluminium, and also alumina, and betweenthese markets. The developed complex system allows to forecast adegree of capacity utilization of aluminium smelters and alumina re-fineries in Western countries, balance of supply/consumption of met-allurgical alumina and aluminium, alumina spot and contract prices andprices of primary aluminium at LME. Thus as the initial informationthe forecast of input of new capacities and change of the Westernworld industrial production are used. Identification of the developedsystem on the actual quarter data for the period since 1990 till 2004 isexecuted and the empirical factors of model providing forecasting ofthe world markets of aluminium and alumina with comprehensibleaccuracy are determined. The developed system is used for a long termforecasts of the world markets of primary aluminium and metallurgicalalumina up to 2015.

10:10 AM Break

10:20 AMFundamental Research on Alumina Production of the Futurein China: Qingjie Zhao1; Qiaofang Yang1; 1Zhengzhou ResearchInstitute Aluminium Corporation of China, Ltd, R&D Dept., 82,JiyuanRd., Shangjie Dist., Zhengzhou, Henan 450041 China Analyzed is the present research situation on production technol-ogy and fundamental theory in the alumina industry, and discussed isthe future research situation on it. It is proposed that the developingtrends of alumina production technology depends on the two factors,one is that the great achievements obtained should be popularized tointensify the process and reduce energy consumption and cost, theother is that new process and technology should be developed rapidly.The core of the fundamental theory is to provide theoretical andtechnological support for simplifying the process flow, improvingefficiency, reducing the enery consumption and optimizing the pro-duction target.

10:45 AMThe Comprehensive Energy Saving in China Alumina Indus-try: Lijuan Qi1; Songqing Gu1; 1Zhengzhou Research Institute Alumi-num Corporation of China, Ltd., R&D Dept., 82,Jiyuan Rd., ShangjieDist., Zhengzhou, Henan 450041 China In this paper, analysed are both the present energy consumption ofchinese alumina production and the factors affecting energy consump-tion. The trends of energy consumption in the Chinese alumina pro-duction are also proposed, and the key technologies to be developed

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and the main measurements to be taken are also put forward in thefuture Chinese alumina production.

Alumina and Bauxite: Bayer Process Chemistry:Part ISponsored by: Light Metals Division, LMD-Aluminum CommitteeProgram Organizers: Dag Olsen, Hydro Aluminium AS, Porsgrunn3907 Norway; Travis Galloway, Century Aluminum, Hawesville, KY42348 USA; Halvor Kvande, Norsk Hydro ASA, Oslo N-0240Norway


Session Chair: Robert Bitsch, Alcan, Bauxite & Alumina, Cedex,Gardanne, 13541 France

11:10 AMLayered Double Hydroxides in the Bayer Process: Past, Presentand Future: Steven Philip Rosenberg1; Lyndon Armstrong2; 1BHPBilliton, Bauxite & Alumina Tech. Ctr., PO Box 344, Collie, WesternAustralia 6225 Australia; 2Alcan, Queensland R&D Ctr., PO Box 883,Kenmore, Queensland 4069 Australia Alumina refiners have been aware of some of the potential uses ofLayered Double Hydroxides (LDH’s) in the Bayer process for morethan a decade. By virtue of the lamellar structure, ability to adjust thedistance between these layers, and the reactivity of the interlayerregion, LDH’s can be used for the controlled addition or removal of avariety of species, both organic and inorganic. In this paper, we reviewthe history and present use of LDH’s in alumina refining, particularlythe most commonly used calcium and magnesium aluminate varieties.We also examine some of the ways in which these LDH’s can beproduced in the refinery, both intentional and unintentional, as well assome of the possible reasons thay have not found more widespreadapplication. Finally, we discuss how LDH technology could be appliedto deal with emerging trends and issues in alumina refining, particularlyin reducing the environmental impact of alumina refining.

11:35 AMImproving the Bayer Process by Power Ultrasound InducedCrystallization (Sonocrystallization) of Key Impurities: Gra-ham Ruecroft1; David Hipkiss1; Martin Fennell1; Linda McCausland1;1Accentus plc, C3 Technology, 551 Harwell Business Ctr., Didcot,Oxfordshire OX11 0QJ UK Whilst it is known that precipitation of sodium oxalate in super-saturated solutions can be triggered by adding recycled seed crystals ofthe same to act as initiator, in practice it is found that the surfaces ofthe crystals become poisoned by other organic materials present in theliquor, and become inactive as crystal growth initiators. The C3 pro-prietary Sonocrystallization technology [power ultrasound applied toassist crystallization] works by significantly increasing the frequencyof nucleation events in the waste liquor stream compared to currentoperation. Each nucleation event gives rise to a site for an impuritycrystal to form. Consequently, the rate of impurity crystal formationand subsequent removal is greatly enhanced. Importantly, the issue ofother organic contaminants inhibiting impurity crystal growth andformation, and therefore their removal, is eliminated.

12:00 PMTheoretical Research on the Precipitation of Sodium Alumi-nate Solutions Enhanced by Ultrasound: Shugui Hua1; 1CentralSouth University, College of Chmst. & Cheml. Engrg., Cangsha, Hu’nanChina The heat of formation and frontier orbital of possible monomericaluminate species, hydroxyl radical(¡¤OH), hydrogen radical(¡¤H) andthe products of some reactions in caustic aluminate solutions underultrasound were computed with a semi-empirical quantum chemicalmethod AM1. According the thermodynamics theory and frontier or-bital argument, the structure changes of the solution under ultrasoundwere studied. Conclusions were made that ultrasound can enhance theformation of the growth unit of crystallization [Al(OH)4£-(H2O)2]and accelerate the precipitation of caustic aluminate solution.

Aluminum Alloys For PackagingSponsored by: Light Metals Division, LMD-Aluminum CommitteeProgram Organizers: Subodh K. Das, Secat, Inc., ColdstreamResearch Campus, Lexington, KY 40511 USA; Gyan Jha, ARCOAluminum Inc, Louisville, KY 40223-4032 USA


Session Chairs: Subodh K. Das, Secat Inc., Lexington, KY 40511USA; Gyan Jha, ARCO Aluminum Inc., Louisville, KY 40223-4032USA

8:30 AMAluminium Short Term Price Forecast. Speculations on For-wards, Hedging the Sales: B. Arlyuk1; 1Alumconsult Ltd., St. Pe-tersburg 199106 Russia The system has been developed for quantitative and qualitativeforecasting of primary aluminium prices at LME up to 3 months aheadusing LME daily parameters, as well as monthly statistic data on indus-trial production indices in Western countries, IP and Dow Jones in-dexes at USA. The prices forecasting is the basis of the probabilityapproach for determining optimal moments and volumes of transac-tions with three-month forwards securing maximum profits. The sys-tem has been tested by issuance of daily recommendations to a brokerfor opening and closing of three-month forward positions at LMEduring four years since July 2000 till June 2004, the pledge initialvolume was $1 M and capitalization 80% realized profit for expansionthe investments. As optimal is using the limitation for opening newpositions 50-55% of pledge to broker. In the average the system isopening new positions of forwards about 60 times per year. The fullfixed profit amounted to 250% annually to the initial investments.The system was used during two years for hedging the sales of alu-minium within the quarter forward. It gives the opportunity to in-crease the price of sales by 50 $/t.

9:00 AMInvestigation of Score Corrosion in Aluminum Can Ends: GyanJha1; W. Yin2; 1Arco Aluminum, 9960 Corp. Campus, Ste. 3000, Lou-isville, KY 40223 USA; 2SECAT, 1505 Bull Lea Rd., Lexington, KY40511 USA Beverage can ends have utilized vinyl and epoxy coatings to pro-tect the Aluminum from corrosion. The coated Aluminum is postlubricated then fabricated into an end. The coating must withstand thefabrication process without any coating adhesion loss, scuffing andcoating fracture. In recent years pitting type corrosion has been ob-served at the score on Aluminum can ends. Score corrosion can lead topremature failure of the Aluminum can end. This paper will discuss thevarious factors that can effect score corrosion in Aluminum can ends.

9:30 AMA Mossbauer Study of 3000 and 5000 Series Packaging Alloys:Gyan Jha1; S. Jha2; W. Yin3; Ameer Lahamer4; 1Arco Aluminum, 9960Corp. Campus, Ste. 3000, Louisville, KY 40223 USA; 2(Retired) Uni-versity of Cincinnati, Physics, Cincinnati, OH 45208 USA; 3SECAT,1505 Bull Lea Rd., Lexington, KY 40511 USA; 4Berea College, Phys-ics, Berea, KY 40404 USA Understanding Fe and its surroundings in Aluminum alloys 3104and 5182 has become more important because of the different types ofscrap inputs used to cast these alloys. Fe can have an effect on textureand formability of the final rolled product. It is difficult to character-ize the nature of Fe with conventional analysis techniques. The studywill present results of the analysis of commercial Aluminum packagingalloys by the Mossbauer technique.

10:00 AMSimulation of Texture-Dependent Recrystallization in 1050Aluminum: Anthony D. Rollett1; Joseph Fridy2; Hasso Weiland2; JaakkoSuni2; Abhijit Brahme1; 1Carnegie Mellon University, MSE, 5000 ForbesAve., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; 2Alcoa Technical Center, Alcoa Techl.Ctr., PA 15609 USA In order to verify that we understand the recrystallization processat the microstructural level, Monte Carlo simulation of recrystalliza-tion has been undertaken using statistically reconstructed input micro-structures to represent the deformed material. This approach has al-ready revealed many gaps in our knowledge of the deformed state,grain boundary properties and so on. A key part of the simulationprocedure has been construction of 3D representations of the as-deformed microstructure. The most relevant features are the crystal-

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lographic orientations of the grains (“texture”) and the size, topologyand shape of the grains. In order to perform realistic simulations oneneeds to specify the initial state of the material with sufficient detailthat all these features are reproduced. Cross-sections or surfaces werecharacterized through automated electron back scatter diffraction(OIM) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). This approach hasshown the importance of capturing the aspect ratio of the deformedgrains and the tendency of nuclei to cluster near the prior grain bound-aries in order to correctly reproduce the recrystallization kinetics.Work is ongoing to understand the factors that control the markedgrowth in the cube texture component during recrystallization. Sup-ported in part by the US Department of Energy Aluminum Industry ofthe Future program.

10:30 AMTexture-Dependent Recrystallization in 1050 and 5005 Alumi-num: Mohammed Haroon Alvi1; Hasso Weiland2; Jaakko Suni2;Soonwuk Cheong2; Anthony D. Rollett1; 1Carnegie Mellon University,MSE, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; 2Alcoa TechnicalCenter, PA 15069 USA Recrystallization kinetics have been studied in hot rolled 1050 and5005 with the objective of understanding the local variation in therate of recrystallization as a function of texture component. Theoverall objective is to decrease annealing times by exploiting suchvariations. Automated electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD, or OIM)has been used to quantify microstructures at various stages of recrys-tallization. Analysis of the grain orientation spread (GOS) was foundto be the most effective method for partitioning EBSD maps intorecrystallized and unrecrystallized regions. The greatest density ofnuclei is observed in the S texture component and the recrystallizationkinetics are consequently fastest in grains that have this orientation.The cube component is weak in the as-deformed state but increases tobetween 25% and 40%, depending on annealing temperature. In re-lated work, we are using these experimental results to validate a com-puter model of recrystallization.

11:00 AMMicrostructure Evolution in Twin Roll Cast AA3105 DuringThermomechanical Processing: Naiyu Sun1; Burton R. Patterson1;Jaakko Suni2; Eider A. Simielli2; Hasso Weiland2; Larry Allard3; 1Uni-versity of Alabama, Matls. Sci. & Engrg., 1530 3rd Ave. S., BEC 254,Birmingham, AL 35294 USA; 2Alcoa Technical Center, 100 Techl.Dr., Alcoa Ctr., PA 15069 USA; 3Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Met-als & Ceram. Div., 1 Bethel Valley Rd., PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN37831-6064 USA This presentation gives an overview of microstructural evolutionduring thermomechanical processing of twin roll cast (TRC) AA3105,including homogenization, cold rolling and annealing. The resultantprocesses of constituent particle coarsening, dispersoid precipitationand recrystallization, and their interaction during various annealingconditions are discussed. Time-temperature-transformation curves weredetermined for precipitation and recrystallization to understand theinteraction of these processes. It was found that homogenization priorto cold rolling had a profound effect on recrystallization kinetics,grain size and gradient, as did homogenization time, temperature andcooling rate. Recrystallization kinetics also increased with decreasedcasting rate, and increased annealing temperature and heating rate.

11:30 AMHRTEM Study on the Eutectoid Phase Transformation of theIntermetallic Particles from Al6(Fe,Mn) to ααααα-Al(Mn,Fe)Si Phasein AA3003 Alloy: Yanjun Li1; Arne Olsen1; 1University of Oslo, Ctr.of Matls. Sci. & Nanotech., Dept. of Physics, PB 1126, Blindern, Oslo0318 Norway The phase transformation from Al6(Fe,Mn) to α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si phasein a DC-cast 3003 alloy has been studied by TEM and HRTEM at theearly stage of the transformation. The 3-D morphology of the trans-formed α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si particle containing many cylindrical Al chan-nels has been observed by dark field TEM image. The orientationrelationships between the Al6(Fe,Mn), Al-spots, α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si phase,and the surrounding Al matrix has been studied. It has been found thatthe transformed α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si phase has similar orientation rela-tionships with the matrix as the α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si dispersoids precipi-tated during heat treatment. Semi-coherent interfaces between thetransformed α-phase and the Al matrix and between the Al-spots andthe surrounding α-phase have been observed by HRTEM. It suggeststhat the α-phase has heterogeneously nucleated from the aluminiummatrix on the interface between aluminium and Al6(Fe,Mn) particleand the Al-spots has nucleated from the α-phase during the phasetransformation.

Aluminum Reduction Technology: Environmentaland ModernizationSponsored by: Light Metals Division, LMD-Aluminum CommitteeProgram Organizers: Tor Bjarne Pedersen, Elkem Aluminium ANS,Farsund 4551 Norway; Tom Alcorn, Noranda Aluminum Inc., NewMadrid, MO 63869 USA; Halvor Kvande, Norsk Hydro ASA, OsloN-0240 Norway


Session Chair: Margaret M. Hyland, University of Auckland, Dept.of Cheml. & Matls. Engrg., Auckland New Zealand

8:30 AM InvitedEnvironmental Regulations and Performance for EuropeanSmelters: Eirik Nordheim1; 1European Aluminium Association, 12,Ave. de Broqueville, Brussels 1150 Belgium European aluminium smelters are under pressure from tighter envi-ronmental regulations and also increasingly Environmental QualityStandards. Emission limits to air, water and waste deposits are set basedon common EU regulations. These will generally be framework regula-tions, leaving the Member States to set detailed limits. But some re-gional groups like OSPARCOM have in addition to this recommendedspecific emissions limits to air and water. Increasingly also the AirQuality Standards and Water Quality Standards currently being set atEU level will have an impact on the emission limits set for individualplants, due to the contribution from smelter emissions on the localenvironment. The presentation will look at the relevant emissionlimits and Enviromental Quality Standards and where the smelters arein relation to this.

8:55 AMPFC Emissions Performance for the Global Primary Alumi-num Industry: Jerry Y. Marks1; 1International Aluminium Institute,312 NE Brockton Dr., Lees Summit, MO 64064 USA The global primary aluminum industry, through its new Global Alu-minum Sustainable Development Initiative (GADSI), has set a numberof challenging environmental targets. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Re-duction is one of the focal points of the initiative. A global industryperfluorocarbon (PFC) specific emissions reduction target of 80% hasbeen set for 2010 relative to 1990. To monitor PFC emissions reduc-tions an annual survey of anode effect performance is carried out bythe International Aluminium Institute (IAI). IAI is working with anumber of world organizations to assure the homogenous applicationof accurate and transparent GHG inventory methodology. This paperwill discuss the results of the anode effect performance surveys through2003, the latest year for which survey information is available, andwill examine benchmark performance by reduction technology. Thepaper also discusses progress in efforts aimed at establishing commonGHG calculation and inventory methods.

9:20 AMEnvironmental Challenges in the Prebake Line at Hydro Alu-minium Karmøy: Jørn Tonheim1; Knut Arne Paulsen1; Roald Holten1;Arnt Helge Fidjeland1; Harald Martinsen1; Kirsten Louise BolstadHalvorsen1; 1Hydro Aluminium Karmøy, N-4265 Håvik Norway It is a challenge for aluminium smelters to reduce emissions and tokeep a good working environment. There are still cases of occupa-tional asthma, even in the most modern aluminium smelters. In thePrebake line at Hydro Aluminium Karmøy the emissions of fluorideand dust are within the threshold limits set by the Government accord-ing to the OSPAR convention. However, the limits regarding dust andfluoride in the working environment have often been exceeded duringanode change. To reduce these emissions and improve the workingenvironment, different measures have been carried out. Forced suctionwas implemented on 14 test pots in spring 2003 and will be imple-mented in the whole Prebake line by January 2005. Automatic posi-tioning of the anodes after anode change was implemented during thespring in 2004. A test with reduced manual control in conjunction withuse of cavity cleaner before setting the new anode has also been per-formed.

9:45 AMUnderstanding Fugitive Fluoride Emissions at Alumar Consor-tium: Nilton Freixo Nagem1; Eliezer S. Batista1; Ari F. Silva1; ValerioA. Gomes1; Luciano J.P. Souza1; Luis Carlos A. Venancio1; 1Consórcio

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de Aluminio do Maranhão - Alumar, Smelter, Br 135, Km 18 - DistritoIndustrial de Pedrinhas, São Luis, Maranhão 65095604 Brazil One of the most control demanding activities in a Smelter is fugi-tive fluoride emissions (HF) monitoring and control in Potrooms. Astudy was performed in Alumar Smelter to map and determine theimpact of unit operations (anode setting and tapping, among others)in Potrooms fugitive fluoride emissions (HF). This study consisted ona continuous monitoring of gaseous fluoride through the use of anOpen-Path Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) equipment and its correlationwith some process variables such as bath chemistry, current level andalumina LOI.

10:10 AM Break

10:25 AMWhy the Søderberg Technology Has a Future in Mini-SmeltersIntergrating a Coal Fired Power Plant: Andre Teissier-duCros1;1GEANOVERSEAS, Gean-KTD Mini Smelter Proj., 4434 CovingtonHwy., Atlanta, GA 30035-1212 USA A State of the Art Soderberg incorporating all known, proven tech-nologies, equipment and know how regarding emission control willmeet future environment, health and safety standards (OSPAR guide-lines) and be bankable for a greenfield, especially if combined with afluidized bed boiler power plant enjoying itself a low CO2 level on topof other low emission performance. Issues to address are CO2, CF4, HFand mostly PAH (operators’ safety & health). We will review the“package” of operating procedures, quality of anode paste, processcontrol settings co-ordinating anode movements and point feedingfrequency, and specifications of all equipment. This opens a new mar-ket for greenfields in countries suffering of high energy cost and fastgrowing energy demand.

10:50 AMCD20 Reduction Cell Upgrade for Dubal’s Expansion Project:Yousef Ali AlFarsi1; Abdelhamid Meghlaoui1; Najeeba AlJabri1; 1DubaiAluminium Company Ltd., Tech. Dvlp., PO Box 3627, Dubai UnitedArab Emirates Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) has 480 CD20 re-duction cells designed for operation at 200 kA. In planning for a plantexpansion, the Technology Development function was entrusted thechallenge to effect design criteria changes to the CD20 cell, withoutprototyping, targeting an operating amperage of 220-230 kA in orderto increase the production from 560,000 mt/year to 760,000 mt/year.Such changes to the CD20 technology were critical for the capital costand the operating cost reduction. The learning curve associated withsix years of improvements in operational practices, process controland thermal-electrical design validation of the CD20 and CD26 tech-nologies resulted in appropriate improvements of CD20 cell designand control. Modifications to cathode lining and geometry were sup-ported by mathematical modeling and experimental correlation. Dubalcode-named the new reduction cell “D20”. In 2003, DUBAL installedand commissioned 212 D20 cells that are operating very satisfactorilyat 220 kA, including 50 cells with graphitised cathodes operating at225 kA in a dedicated booster section. This paper covers the develop-ment of the D20 cell, as well as one-year key operating parameters.

11:15 AMEnergy Saving in Hindalco’s Aluminium Smelter: S. C. Tandon1;R. N. Prasad1; 1Hindalco Industries Ltd., Renukoot-231 217,Sonebhadra, UP India The electrolytic production of primary aluminium metal in Hall-Heroult cells is highly energy intensive and accounts for nearly 40% ofthe production cost. The role of electric current in aluminium elec-trolysis cell is two fold; one is the electrolysis of alumina to producealuminium metal as per Faraday’s law of electrolysis and other is main-taining thermal balance of electrolytic cells to make them workablewhich accounts for more specific energy consumption than theoreti-cally required. Hindalco has made serious efforts to modernize itsvintage cells of 1950’s & other facilities in order to reduce energyconsumption and improve the working environment. Various techno-logical developments have been introduced over the years leading tosignificant changes in cathode design, alumina feeding, cell processcontrol, operating strategies and ancillary equipment resulting in sub-stantially improved technical results. Recent introduction of slottedanode along with few other initiatives have further reduced powerconsumption by 0,3 kWh/MT Al, leading to an energy consumptionbelow 14,0 DC kWh/MT Al in vintage cells of the 1950’s.

11:40 AMAlro’s Creep Capacity Expansion: Gheorghe Dobra1; SatishManaktala1; Mihail Atanasiu1; Constantin Radulescu1; Cristian TheodorStanescu1; 1ALRO, Techl., 116, Pitesti St., Slatina 230104 Romania

Alro, the only aluminium smelter in Romania, was built under theRomanian socialist system in the 1970s. Transition to a market basedeconomic system, clearly showed that the smelter based on PechineyAP 9 pre-bake technology had to modernise in order to remain com-petitive and to meet the EU environmental standards. In the 1990s, amajor modernisation program at the cost of over $120 million wasundertaken to refurbish the plant. At the completion of this program,the Smelter provided an ideal platform for increasing the electrolyticcell capability significantly and much beyond its original design. A testsection with booster power, redesigned cathodes and larger anodes wasestablished and the cell performance results confirmed the potential toincrease the Smelter capacity by nearly 30 percent and reduce theenergy consumption by over 5%. These results have led to establish-ment of a Smelter creep capacity expansion program due to be com-pleted by the end of 2005. The test section operation methodologyand performance results are the subject of this paper.

Arsenic Metallurgy: Fundamentals & Applications:Plenary SessionSponsored by: Extraction & Processing Division, EPD-Copper,Nickel, Cobalt Committee, EPD-Process Fundamentals Committee,EPD-Pyrometallurgy Committee, LMD/EPD-Recycling CommitteeProgram Organizers: Ramana G. Reddy, University of Alabama,Department of Metals and Materials Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL35487-0202 USA; V. Ram Ramachandran, Scottsdale, AZ 85262-1352 USA


Session Chairs: V. Ram Ramachandran, Scottsdale, AZ 85262-1352USA; Ramana G. Reddy, University of Alabama, Dept. of Metals &Matls. Engrg., Tuscaloosa, AL 35401-0202 USA

8:30 AMThe Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution byCoprecipitation with Fe(III): Larry G. Twidwell1; Robert G. Robins2;Jacob W. Hohn1; 1Montana Tech of University of Montana, Sch. ofMines & Engrg., 1300 W. Park St., Butte, MT 59701 USA; 2MurdockUniversity, Chmst., Western Australia 6150 Australia In treating hydrometallurgical solutions and waste streams for theremoval of arsenic, the use of coprecipitation with Fe(III) has beenspecified by the U.S. EPA as the Best Demonstrated Available Technol-ogy. This technology has been widely adopted over the last century,and developments have been well reviewed. This paper is aimed atclarifying a number of uncertainties and misconceptions that resultfrom previously published work by many authors. The clarificationwill include a discussion of the importance of Fe:As mole ratio, initialarsenic concentration, arsenic valence state, the effect of mixed ar-senic valence states, system agitation rate, and possible modificationsto the ferrihydrite structure on the effectiveness of arsenic removal. Acomparison of the effectiveness of arsenic removal by ferrihydritecoprecipitation, post precipitation, and granulated ferrihydrite will bepresented. Also, ferrihydrite long term stability will be discussed.

9:00 AMOn the Preparation and Stability of Scorodite : George P.Demopoulos1; 1McGill University, Metals & Matls. Engrg., 3610 Univ.St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2 Canada Scorodite is advocated as a viable option for the fixation of arsenicfrom aqueous process effluents, especially for arsenic-rich and iron-deficient solutions. It has a high arsenic content, it requires stoichio-metric amounts of iron, and it has excellent dewatering and disposalcharacteristics. Because of its high degree of crystallinity and smallspecific surface area, scorodite is also, very importantly, thought tohave high inherent stability at least from a kinetic point of view. As amineral, scorodite can be found in a wide variety of geological settings.This suggests that it is stable under specific weathering conditions.Hence our interest in designing a cost-effective process for returningarsenic to the environment in this mineral form. In this paper, (1) thepreparation of scorodite in lime neutralisation ?type circuits is dis-cussed and (2) the long term stability of scorodite is evaluated in thelight of newly generated accelerated ageing kinetic data.

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9:30 AM Break

9:45 AMArsenic Capacity of Copper Slags: R. G. Reddy1; J. C. Font1; 1Uni-versity of Alabama, Metallurgl. & Matls. Engrg., PO Box 870202,Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0202 USA Arsenic capacity modeling and experimental study between mattesand slags in copper smelting is reviewed. The arsenic capacities of slagsare calculated a priori using Reddy-Blander model. The effect of matteand slag compositions, PSO2 and temperatures on arsenic capacities ofcopper slags is made. The calculated results for arsenic capacities are ingood agreement with the available experimental data. Application ofthis model for the prediction of Arsenic capacities and distributionratios in mattes and slags, and removal of arsenic in several industrialsmelter processes is discussed.

10:15 AMArsenic and Old Waste: Donald A. Robbins1; 1ASARCO, Inc., En-vironmental Services, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA Asarco has had a long involvement with arsenic. As far back as theturn of the last century, Asarco was a producer of arsenic trioxide.Later, through the efforts of its Central Research Laboratory, valueadded products such as high purity metallic arsenic and gallium arsenidewere produced. During these years of arsenic production, Asarco was apioneer in industrial hygiene programs for its workers exposed toarsenic. Biological monitoring programs were initiated and criteriadeveloped to guide industrial hygiene and safety personnel in applica-tion of respiratory protection, ventilation, personal protective gear,and education for protecting its workers. With the advent of CERCLAand RCRA in 1980 ASARCO’s issues related to arsenic became verydifferent. The company became involved in a significant number ofremediation sites where work is on going to prevent arsenic and othermetals from being released into the environment. These remediationsites are fertile venues for the application of cost effective and cre-ative control technologies particularly for arsenic.

Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s: Applications ISponsored by: Structural Materials Division, SMD-TitaniumCommitteeProgram Organizers: Rod R. Boyer, Boeing Company, Metall./6-20J1, Seattle, WA 98124-2207 USA; Robert F. Denkenberger,Ladish Co., Inc., Cudahy, WI 53110-8902 USA; John C. Fanning,TIMET, Henderson, NV 89009 USA; Henry J. Rack, ClemsonUniversity, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Clemson, SC29634-0921 USA

Monday AM Room: Salon 10/11February 14, 2005 Location: San Francisco Marriott

Session Chairs: Henry J. Rack, Clemson University, Matls. Sci. &Engrg., Clemson, SC 29634-0921 USA; Robert D. Briggs, BoeingCompany, Boeing Commercial Airplane, Seattle, WA 98027 USA

8:30 AM Opening Comments

8:40 AMThe Use of Beta Titanium Alloys in the Aerospace Industry:Rodney Raymond Boyer1; Robert David Briggs1; 1The Boeing Co.,Metall./6-20J1, PO Box 3707, MS 73-44, Seattle, WA 98124 USA Beta titanium alloys have been available since the 1950’s (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Mo or B12VCA) but significant applications of these alloys -beyond the SR-71 Blackbird - had been slow in coming. The nextsignificant usage of a beta-alloy did not occur until the mid 1980’s onthe B-1 bomber. This aircraft utilized Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn sheet be-cause of the capability for strip rolling, improved formability andhigher strength. The next major usage was on a commercial aircraft,the Boeing 777 which made extensive use of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al high-strength forgings. Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn ducting, castings and springswere also used, along with Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr ( Beta-C) springs.More recent work at Boeing has focused on the development of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Mo, a high strength alloy which can be used at higherstrength than Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and is much more robust - it has a muchwider or friendlier processing window. This, along with additional stud-ies at Boeing, and from within the aerospace industry in general will bediscussed in detail, summarizing applications and the rationale for theselection of this alloy system for aerospace applications.

9:10 AMMilitary Applications for Beta Alloys: John C. Fanning1; 1TIMET,Henderson, NV 89009 USA Beta alloys are potentially useful for numerous non-aerospace mili-tary applications. Topics to be discussed in this paper include: evalu-ation of TIMETAL 15-3 for body armor; fabrication and evaluationof a TIMETAL 21S mortar barrel; use of TIMETAL 15-3 for tacticalknives; and resistance of TIMETAL 21S to erosion in a cannon barrel.

9:40 AMApplication of Ti-10-2-3 in Rotor Hub Parts of EUROCOPTER:G. Antoine1; Jerome Panter2; 1EUROCOPTER; 2EADS, Corp. Rsch.Ctr., 12 rue Pasteur, Suresnes 92150 France The need for maximum lightening in highly fatigue stressed partsof helicopters, e.g. hub bodies, blades sleeves, ..., has led for a numberof structural parts of the last EUROCOPTER programs to the use ofthe Beta titanium alloy Ti 10.2.3 in place of steels. This choice whichis motivated by the research of the best weight/cost/strength compro-mise was favourable to Ti10.2.3 due to its great fatigue behaviour andto the fact that it enable to remove the environmental unfriendlycadmium plating needed on conventional steels. This introduction waspossible due to joint researches between EUROCOPTER and EADSCorporate Research Center, especially for metallurgical and mechani-cal characterizations. This paper will present a summary of the workdone in the joint research program and will present the different appli-cations of Ti10.2.3 on the last EUROCOPTER programs as EC120and NH90.

10:05 AMImplementation of Dynamic Grade Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Forgingson the RAH-66 Comanche Helicopter: Michael J. Lutian1; 1SikorskyAircraft Corp., 6900 Main St., PO Box 9729, Stratford, CT 06615-9129 USA A number of new materials technologies (metallic and non-metal-lic) were developed and qualified for the Comanche Program. Thispaper will focus on one of the primary materials technology develop-ments, triple-melt dynamic grade Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al

technical program grid · 2005-01-25 · 6 tms 2005 annual meeting: technical program applications...

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