U TECHNICAL REPORTN

An Analysis ofDecommissioning Costsfor the AFRRI TRIGAReactor Facility

=" M. ForsbackaM. Moore D I

MAY 11 1990O

DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY i

a,,

ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTEBETHESDA, MARYLAND 20814T5145

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Approved for public release; distribution~ ~CAS~C,..ON'ONOP~ O C-4EDLE unIi m it ed.

.1 PE ORM;NG ORGANZAf,ON ;EPORT \%,VdIERS) 5 vO%'.OR NO RGAN.ZA--GN ;APOR7 %UM@EP(S)

AFRRI TR89-2J-

.A.Y,~.E OF P.RFORV NO ORGAN1ZAT .N 6o GP; CE- 51'.130L 7a '.AMCE > ;'IT,D NG OPORAN.ZA7 ONArmed Forces Radiobiology

Research Institute AFRRI

q<c ACES0v, State, and ZIPCodo) b~ ADOPESSCty State, an~d Z;P Code)

Defense Nuclear AgencyBethesda, Maryip,'id 20814-5145

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:1 'YP OF PFPORT VIYE CC'stREO 4oAtE OF REPorT ,Year vomft. oav) S AG COUNTT rh ni ca I 1 0ec mher 19)9I

~, APLYENARYNOTATON4

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)AdS TPACT (Continufo r~oneY' f ' VqaU4y *Ad x*Mdf~y bw b~xk nuentoqfl

ThIi report provides a cost .analysis for Xenn~sinn t~(VRlTRAracr clt.AFRI Isi not sugg~esting that the AVRRi TRI(A reactor facility he J'econsi~miofed. This

re'port was prepared in compliance with paragraph ')0.31 of Title. 10, Code of FederalRegulationsi. which require% that funding for the decomiNtmionlnit of reactor facilities he

ava IlablIe when I Iccnsed a t Iv iIt Ies ceame.

The planned method of decomimmioning In complete decontaminat ion (IWC(*ON) of the AlFRR

'rRl(WA reactor is Ite t o aIlow f or remtorat ion of the siIte Ito lullI pubi c acck-HA. The contof IWCON In 11990 dol larn Is ent linated to he 51.200.000. The ant icipated ancil lary costsof lacillIty site de4-mohl izat ion and spent fuel shipment willI he anf acd'tional S600.000. (

Thups, the total c-ost of teruinat iop reactor operations at AVRRI will he about $ 1.800,000.'Me primary hasis for develorIng this coot estiftate was a1 -tudy of the decommissioningtuonIt 1 of a s;imai la r reac t or fac II It y pe rfIormd by Rattelle Pacific Northwest -

if) ",.SUNONIAVAI.ASItITY 0$ AIS~TPAT 21 AI8STRACT SECURITY CLASSiJK1AT1,004

C1l;54IASIFIF0AF)PfIMItf0 I SAM*E AS RIPY (1I It~ j IJN;IA, I F I 11)

id AIFu MI P 4)0iS.SIO(JAL 11b IIIIipHoNg (frwlud* Are.(oaVD F2 771 SIIi'YMPOL

DO FORM 147J, 41A ~ APR edr'.efi Maey boajVed uAl*i.h~vjedAll rflhff .ddt.0of* eECf T ) F

- *LUftTY CLA88IFICAT1ON OF THIS PA4E

19.Laboratory, as provided in U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Connission publication MUREC/CR-1756.

The data in this study w~ere adapted to reflect the decommissioning requiresents of the

AI'RRI TRICA reactor facility. -

1111CUMIV c6 MPIATI~s 00THIS040

Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1

M ajor Differences in Facility Layout and Utilization ............................................ 2

W aste Disposal Costs .................................................................................................... 5

Labor Costs ................................................................................................................... 6

Energy Costs .................................................................................................................. 6

Inflation Factors Since 1981 .........................................................................................7

DECON and Decontam ination Costs ...................................................................... 7

Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 8

References ..................................................................................... o

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DIC TAB

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Introduction

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (IJSNRC) requires all US.NRC-licensedreactor facilities to ensure that func' for the decommissioning of these facilitieswill be available when licensed activiies cease. Th's requirement is speci;ied byparagraph 50.33 of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), datedNovember 30, 1983. Because the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute(AFIIRI) TRIGA reactor facility is owned and operated by the F'ederalgove:nment, future decommissioning funds are guaranteed through a governmentalstatement of intent to budget the cost. Tie budget request should be madesufficiently in advance of decommissioning to prevent the delay of requiredactivities.

The USNRC defines decommissioning of a nuclear reactor facility as the saferemoval from service and the reduction of residual radioactiv1ty to a level thatpermits the release of the property for unrestricted use. A variety ofdecommissioning methods arc available, ranging from permanent entombment ofthe reactor site to its immediate decoutamination. Considering AFRRI's urbanlocation in B~ethesda, NID, the best method of decommissioning is immediatedecontamination of the reactor facility site to allow for unrestricted public access.This method of decommissioning is referred to as DECON. DECON costsinvolve only the removal of equipnment, structures, and portions of the facilitythat contain radioactive contaminants. The removal of spent nuclear fuels anddemolition of the uncontaminated portions of the facility are considere-d ancillarycosts.

The cost estimates presented in this report are based primarily on a study ofthe decommissioning costs of a TRIGA reactor facility prepared by the Pacific.Northwest Laboratory (?XL) entitled 1Whol~ Laeya d ,t9oD~re'1yn iqqoninf 1efrre? 1 r 1o X e14I a d es Rea t INUREG/CR1756.- Addlitional data were obtain.ed from personnel who were involved withdlecommissioning the Diamond Crdna.ice Radiation Facility (DORF) in 1979 andlocal AFRRI experience with the disposal of low-level radioactive waste atlBarnwell, SC.

T.hic PNL study gives an extensive breakdown of the! decomrnissicninK cost forthe Oregon State University TRIGA Reactor (OSTR) Facility. Although theAFRRI TRIGA reactor core is similar to the OSTR, there are fundamentaldifferenreq in facility layout and use. To adjust for differences between theAFRRI TRIGA and the PNL study's reactor facility, the following areas areexamined in this report:

" Estimnated condiitionis at the time of facility shutdown, the radionuclidIeinventories, and the turface dome rates, compa.-d with those of theO.STR." Inflation factors since 1081, when the PNL study waj made." Major differences in facility layout and deiign that will impactdronmmsioninK costs." Cost of labor dlifferences between the two facilities." Cont of energy differenesw 6etwern the two facilities." Waste dimpomal costs and the cost of ishipping spent fuel and contamninatedrribble to at distant waute deposi tory.

Major Differences in Facility Layout and Utilization

The AFRRI TRIGA and OSTR are similar in reactor core design and basicoperation, but they are substantially different in facility layout and utilization.Figure 1 shows the OSTR; the core is fixed in position, and irradiationexperiments are performed in the pool irradiation facility, through various beamports and shielding, and within the reactor pool itself. Figure 2 shows theAFRRI TRIGA, which is capable of moving on a fixed track, and irradiationexperiments are performed primarily in two large exposure rooms and,secondarily, in an experiment tube within the reactor core itself.

The AFRRI exposure rooms are subjected to high doses of neutron radiationwhen the reactor core is in position to irradiate an experiment in a givenexposure room. As a result, the quantity of activated concrete and otheractivated materials within the exposure room will be significantly greater thanthat for the OSTR. The PNL study reports the 1979 decommissioningexperience of a facility similar in design to L he AFRRI TRIGA, the DiamondOrdinance Radiation Facility (DORF) (figure 3). Based on the analysis of thedecommissioning of DORF, we can approximate the amount of contaminatedmaterial that must be removed from the AFRRI TRIGA site.

__ZIL7IL7XI -_

I AMs

_ w,*

-- ,rcoq(SR) out. lie Dod OSTR staff. :

lie '2

:lie

-4Do I 11&o AX 1

TRG reactor (OT) corts Bna Dod SRsaf

2

The gross amount of radioactive material to be reived from the AFRRITRIGA will, at stated earfier, be greater than that of the OSTR, but theradioactivity concentrations at the time of shutdown will probably be similar.Based on the DORF decommissioning experience, the specific activity of thecontaminated materials to be removed as part of DECON should beapproximately 4.2 uCi/M.,g. Complete projected radionuclide inventories can befound in NLCREG/CR-1758.r

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NfsOtftE COAtING BETWIFFN 14"V *10 14 0DA *IACTOE14OKI AND IIAM *$ oa 100S

MllIk WAC $74,0 lVw COT1 44_____

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4

Waste Disposal Costs

The cost estimate for waste disposal includes the following factors:

" The amount of contaminated mnaterial to be removed and packaged usingthe methodolo~gy of the DORF d.ecommissioning project and the datafrom NUREG1

1CR-1756" The cost of transporting the wasti *-) a radioactive waste disposal site

using the data from NUREG/1CR-i-36." The cost of disposal of low-level radioactive waste based on AFRRI Safety

and Health Department's experience with the disposal of low-levelradioactive waste at the Barnwell, SC, waste disposal site.

%lost of the waste material to be removed from the AFRRI site consists of theactivated concrete and wcod from the exposure rooms, th e contaminated 7

aluminum of the reactor tank, and the reactor core support struicture itself. Forthe purposes of this cost estimate, the volume of concrete to be treated as low-level radioa±ctive waste is the volume of concrete that results from a uniform 1-foot.deep excavation of both exposure rooms. Based on the DORFdecommissioning experience, however, the actual volume of contaminated concretewill probably be less than the amount reported in table 1. An overestimate ofth--e amount of contaminated concrete is acceptable because it errs on the side ofa more conservative decommissioning budget calculation.

The packaging and transportation costs were developed uising data fromNUE/R15. It is assumed that all zmaterials removed durin iDECON

activities could be treated as low-level raidioactive waste, so 3.5 in plywooi-;hlppifl crate's costing S-100 (1981 dollars) each would be uised. The cost permiit volume of disposing the waste at a radioactive waste depository is tatken to)e S"825/m 3 (based on Barnwell charges in 1989 dollars). For the puirposes ofthis report, a worst case scenario of a shipment to a destination in Washingtonstate has been selected, The estimated waste disposal costs, adjusted to 1990d!oilars, are reported in table 1.

Table 1. Estimated Wastte Disposal Costs for DECONOf AFRZRI TRIGA Reactor ~

Wiutv matfrial Voliurn p MW~A Crates Shipping Ct

('ottarninpt#4 roncrote 102 40 2 3 23S 5 30 144,520.42 SN 4 5,0 4 4.3(>ntaminat-M wood 743 A2 0)7 S3 A 23 10,119 2S 735.922.40CContaminatiid alumninur I go 2 7 so I 145 0 S 6.541 f4

R.est vosl NA NA 0, 161 .163II5~

J/ ,not applicablo.jrnogagramns.

GX.,4 -CPS (t/Crst.)( crasIe s hipping eots + lispoesil costs.

Labor Costs

The labor cost estimate isalso based on information in NUREG/CR-1756. Thelabor costs shown in table 2 account for overhead costs,suha seclt tos

an qipment, specialty contractors, liability insurance, and fees. Be~cause theAF-RRI TRIGA facility is larger than the OSTR and the DORF facilities, the:abcr cost data have bten scaled up to retfect Increased labor costs (1981 doilars).

Table 2. Estimated Labor Costs for DECONof the AERRI TRIGA Reactor'

Staff position wcirkyears Rate c

.Management and support rtaJTDo-comm superintendeut 2.0 $89.1 352I-comrn engineer 2.0 780152.00Secretary 23 24.2 45.40Crk U.S 2 4.2 12.10

He~alth physicist 2.0 46.;Rakiciattivo shipment spci.ii 0.5 39. 3 19 6Procurement speciait 0.5 39.31.5C.ontra and accouning specialist 0.8 47.1 37 41' Pi.urity supervisor 0.82S S5.94 )I

~eiiypatrol oflicff 3.8 2.4 1.44(A 'inecv 0.7 4A 9 3 2 . 3(Control room operator 1.0 34 S 3 4 --)a(LnsULAnt 1.0 100.0 1 (Y) 00

D.oomm workersShir engineer 1.0 52.2 .2C'raftsman 6^L0 32.1 e,4 20(r~w leader 0'5 44.4 "62 1.0Ui~lity Operator 0.342 32.1 10AJ

r.~rt 0 30.2 1.S 40l!ahphyews toch"WIcag 3 0 30.0 W0 DO

T*tl30061 /A S 1,2'0.17

N/, not applwahl.,

Energy Coats

The enn'rKY cosq reqit from the fitimated ilio of electricity required to carry4'tit .)ECjN Activities. The notirre of the data presented in table 3 P1N T2TIEG/C-174,; valties have been scaled up to repres..nt the estimated PrarrKYrvefilremnf'nts for the Ak'RRI TRIGA facility. The 1981 coqt of eneKY is takento fie 10AMS )8 ,r k;iowatthoir (kWh).

Table 3. E6stim-ated Energy Co-ts for DECONof AFITZRI TR'GA Reactor'

Systemn or equipment Energ~y use(~wh)

General4 system (crane, etc.)9,0If VAC ooLigting 23'"OControl roomn 5,:,00Fire protectonSec uri ty 5, ~)Communications 9W0Domestic water 0, .00Reactor wawe 23,400Compressd a&w 15,000Building heating 0,~ODecommwonig equipment oo

Total 8 .~Total ceer coot (x SO 008/kWh) 3d20

'Reported as 1'41 dollanrV

Inflation Factors Since 1981

T~ie efrfectq of inflation must be factored into the overall cost estimate forD':;co.N and decomrnissioninK to arrive at an accurate cost esrrate in 199(0

i !-.r%. B&-ted on annual Constimer Price Index information provided by theDo-f.n~e Nuiclear Agency/AFRRI Comptroller Department,3 the inflatiorso!.istrnent factors shown in table 4 were used.

Table 4. Inflation Adjuistment FactorsUsed in Analyxis of DECON Costs

IjilAA 1031

I I -,JOI JOT

7

DECON and Decommissioning Costs

The total cost of DECON is the inflation-adjusted sum of the expenses outlinedin the previous sections plus a contingency fund, consisting of 25% of theinflation-adjusted sum of expenses. The complete decommissioning of the AFRRITRIGA facility requ'res removing the spent fuel elements and demlishing andrestoring the AFRRI TRIGA site (table 5).

Table 5. Estimated DECON and Decommissioning Costsfor the AFRRI TRIGA Reactor

Cost ($1000)

Cost Category 1981 1990

DECON:Waste disposal $390.9 $589.2Labor 1,280.2 1,929.3Energy 3.7 5.6Contingency fund 418.7 631.0

Subtotal $2,093.5 $3,155.1

Ancillary:Spent fuel removal and shipment 150.0 226.1Site demolition and restoration 250.0 376.8

Total $2,493.5 $3,758.0

Conclusion

This cost estimate is the first step in developing a comprehensivedecommissioning plan for the AFRRI TRIGA reactor facility. Five years beforethe projected end of operations, a preliminary decommissioning plan will bedeveloped as required by Paragraph 50.75(f) of Title 10, CFR. This plan willinclude the following information:

* A declaration that DECON will be the method of decommissioning.Major technical actions that will be required to carry out decommissioning

safely.• Plans for surveying the actual levels of radioactivity in the materials to be

removed during decommissioning.* Plans for disposal of high-level and low-level radioactive waste.* Plans for site demolition and restoration of the site to full public access.

A refined cost estimate for DECON and decommissioning.

8

References

1. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Standard Format and Content forDecommissioninx Plans for Nuclear Reactors, Draft Regulatory Guide, TaskDG-1005, September 1989.

2. Konzek, G. J., Ludwick, J. D., Kennedy, W. E., Jr., and Smith, R. I.Technolozv, Safety. and Costs of Decommissioning Rcference Nuclear Researchand Test Reactors, NUREG/CR-1756, March 1982.

3. Carew, P. H. Instructions for Preparation of RDT&E Amended 1991 BudgetSubmission, Defense Nuclear Agency Comptroller Memorandum, 12 July 1989.

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