technical report 20200117 - oag.ca.govidentific 17.9% carry suspicious weapon 1.0% casing 1.2%...
TRANSCRIPT
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Contents Section 1: Aggregate Wave 1 Agency Data.......................................................................................... 2
Subsection 1: 2018 Record Submission Status as of April 1, 2019 .......................................... 2 Subsection 2: Race and Ethnicity Tables .................................................................................. 2
Stop Circumstance ........................................................................................................ 3 Regulation Field Distribution Start ............................................................................... 4 Officer Assignment Type............................................................................................ 22 American Community Survey .................................................................................... 32 Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System............................................................. 34 Veil of Darkness ......................................................................................................... 35 Search Yield Rates...................................................................................................... 39 Citation/Arrest Rates................................................................................................... 43
Subsection 3: Gender Tables ................................................................................................... 49 Stop Circumstance ...................................................................................................... 49 Regulation Field Distribution Start ............................................................................. 50 Officer Assignment Type............................................................................................ 64 Search Yield Rates...................................................................................................... 73 Citation/Arrest Rates................................................................................................... 74
Subsection 4: LGBT Tables .................................................................................................... 75 Stop Circumstance ...................................................................................................... 75 Regulation Field Distribution Start ............................................................................. 76 Officer Assignment Type............................................................................................ 86 Search Yield Rates...................................................................................................... 90 Citation/Arrest Rates................................................................................................... 92
Subsection 5: Age Tables ........................................................................................................ 93 Stop Circumstance ...................................................................................................... 93 Regulation Field Distribution Start ............................................................................. 94 Officer Assignment Type.......................................................................................... 110 Search Yield Rates.................................................................................................... 121 Citation/Arrest Rates................................................................................................. 125
Subsection 6: Limited English Fluency Tables ..................................................................... 125 Stop Circumstance .................................................................................................... 125 Regulation Field Distribution Start ........................................................................... 126 Officer Assignment Type.......................................................................................... 137 Search Yield Rates.................................................................................................... 141 Citation/Arrest Rates................................................................................................. 142
Subsection 7: Disability Tables ............................................................................................. 143 Stop Circumstance .................................................................................................... 144 Regulation Field Distribution Start ........................................................................... 145 Officer Assignment Type.......................................................................................... 163 Search Yield Rates.................................................................................................... 173 Citation/Arrest Rates................................................................................................. 176
Subsection 8: Officer Information......................................................................................... 177 Section 2: Single Agency Data.......................................................................................................... 179
Subsection 1: Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity.................. 179 Subsection 2: Stop Distribution and SWITRS Not-At-Fault Parties by Race/Ethnicity....... 183 Subsection 3: Veil of Darkness ............................................................................................. 186 Subsection 4: Search Yield Rates.......................................................................................... 194 Subsection 5: Citation and Arrest Rates................................................................................ 200
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Introduction
This technical report supplements Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board: Annual Report 2020. It is a consolidation of analyses based on the completed records submitted to the California Department of Justice related to stop data collected from, July 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. The information collected under RIPA includes data on peace officer perceptions of the demographics of stopped individuals. The purpose of collecting information on officer perceptions is to attempt to systematically document and analyze stops and searches to determine whether disparities occur depending on race or identity. The perceived demographic information collected includes a number of characteristics such as race or ethnicity, gender, age, disability status, English fluency, and LGBT identity. Unless otherwise noted, the demographic information in this report is based on officers’ perceptions and may not reflect actual demographic statistics. The following table, details the information officers must report in each submission record.
Information Regarding Stop 1. Date, Time, and Duration 2. Location 3. Reason for Stop 4. Was Stop in Response to Call for Service? 5. Actions Taken During Stop 6. Contraband or Evidence Discovered 7. Property Seized 8. Result of Stop
Information Regarding Officer’s Perception of Person Stopped 1. Perceived Race or Ethnicity 2. Perceived Age 3. Perceived Gender 4. Perceived to be LGBT 5. Limited or No English Fluency 6. Perceived or Known Disability
Information Regarding Officer 1. Officer’s Identification Number 2. Years of Experience 3. Type of Assignment
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Section 1: Aggregate Wave 1 Agency Data
Subsection 1: 2018 Record Submission Status as of April 1, 2019
Record Submission Status Number of Percent of Stopped Stopped Individuals Individuals
Completed/Successful Submission 1,800,054 98.8% Incomplete/Unsuccessful Submission 21,163 1.2%
In Progress 96 0.5% Submitted with Errors/Incomplete 20,660 97.6% Deleted 305 1.4% Ready for Submission 102 0.5%
Total 1,821,217 100% Note. All other tables in this document utilize data only from Completed/Successful Submission records. “In Progress” (DOJ Web App only) indicates the record has been partially recorded but has not been completed. “Submitted with Errors/Incomplete” indicates that the record was submitted to the DOJ with one or more data validation errors (SFTP and Web Services only). “Deleted” indicates a record was deleted for one of the following reasons: 1) Stop record created in error; 2) Stop record captured by another officer; 3) Stop record not required by regulations; 4) Data was submitted in error; 5) Other (requires a narrative explanation). “Ready for Submission” (DOJ Web App only) status indicates that all of the data elements have been entered but the stop record has not been submitted to DOJ.
Subsection 2: Race and Ethnicity Tables
Table 2.1 Number of Individuals Stopped by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Count %
Asian 99,447 5.5%
Black/African American 271,188 15.1%
Hispanic/Latino 716,029 39.8%
Middle Eastern/South Asian 79,917 4.4%
Multiracial 21,239 1.2%
Native American 3,885 0.2%
Pacific Islander 10,584 0.6%
White 597,765 33.2%
Total 1,800,054 100.0%
Note. Percentages were calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
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Table 2.2 Stop Circumstance by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Officer Initiated Calls for Service
Count % Count %
Asian 96,734 97.3% 2,713 2.7%
Black/African American 251,291 92.7% 19,897 7.3%
Hispanic/Latino 686,017 95.8% 30,012 4.2%
Middle Eastern/South Asian 78,171 97.8% 1,746 2.2%
Multiracial 19,851 93.5% 1,388 6.5%
Native American 3,665 94.3% 220 5.7%
Pacific Islander 10,047 94.9% 537 5.1%
White 568,900 95.2% 28,865 4.8%
Total 1,714,676 95.3% 85,378 4.7%
Note. Percentages are based off total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
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Table 2.3.1 Reason for Stop by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Total
Asian 93.6% 5.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 99,447 Black/African American 75.6% 19.5% 0.9% 1.2% 0.4% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 271,188 Hispanic/Latino 85.2% 10.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.3% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 716,029 Middle Eastern/South Asian
94.9% 3.6% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 79,917
Multiracial 82.8% 12.9% 0.6% 0.9% 0.3% 2.5% - 0.0% 21,239 Native American 80.6% 13.0% 1.2% 1.4% 0.6% 3.2% - - 3,885 Pacific Islander 86.7% 10.1% 0.4% 0.8% 0.4% 1.5% - 0.0% 10,584 White 85.7% 10.8% 0.4% 0.6% 0.4% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 597,765
Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 2.3.2 Traffic Violation Types by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Moving Equipment Non-moving Identity Group Total
Asian 73.1% 8.8% 18.1% 93,039 Black/African American 60.2% 18.2% 21.6% 205,123 Hispanic/Latino 63.6% 17.3% 19.1% 609,967 Middle Eastern/South Asian 68.5% 11.9% 19.5% 75,831 Multiracial 66.6% 14.4% 19.0% 17,584 Native American 63.5% 18.2% 18.4% 3,133 Pacific Islander 68.4% 12.1% 19.5% 9,181 White 68.7% 11.3% 19.9% 511,997 Total 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,525,855 Note. Frequencies are based off total number of individuals stopped for a traffic violation (N = 1,525,8551) per identity group (Identity Group Total” column).
1 While 1,525,853 individuals were stopped for traffic violations, due to a system error 1,525,855 (i.e. two more) individuals had a response for traffic violation type and are reported in the data.
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Table 2.3.3 Reason for Stop Reasonable Suspicion Breakdown by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity
Asian
Officer Witness
Commiss Crime 34.0%
Match Susp Descr
27.7%
Witness/ Victim
Identific
17.9%
Carry Suspicious Weapon
1.0%
Casing
1.2%
Suspect Acting as a
Lookout
0.3%
Drug Transaction
1.1%
Engaging In a
Violent Crime 0.5%
Other
27.9%
Identity Group Total
4,955
Black/African American Hispanic/Latino
37.8%
36.1%
29.0%
26.5%
16.2%
14.1%
2.1%
1.8%
1.0%
1.5%
0.6%
0.9%
1.5%
1.7%
0.8%
0.8%
25.0%
28.5%
52,930
76,113
Middle Eastern/South Asian Multiracial
29.3%
35.3%
32.2%
31.3%
21.2%
16.7%
1.4%
2.2%
1.8%
1.5%
0.3%
0.8%
0.9%
1.5%
0.5%
1.2%
26.4%
29.7%
2,912
2,742
Native American 37.7% 27.3% 8.5% 1.2% 0.8% 0.4% 0.8% 1.2% 27.9% 506
Pacific Islander 28.9% 34.3% 16.5% 2.2% 1.2% 0.4% 1.5% 1.5% 28.9% 1,064
White 37.6% 30.8% 12.8% 1.1% 1.3% 0.3% 1.0% 0.5% 24.9% 64,271
Reasonable Suspicion Total 36.8% 28.7% 14.5% 1.6% 1.3% 0.6% 1.4% 0.7% 26.4% 205,493
Note. Reasonable suspicion subcategory percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who were stopped for reasonable suspicion (N = 205,493) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Abbreviation for Reason for Stop left to right. Officer Witness Commiss Crime= Officer Witness Commission of a Crime, Match Susp Descr= Matched Suspect Description, Witness/Victim Identific= Witness/Victim Identification.
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Table 2.3.4 Reason for Stop by Stop Circumstance and Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Stop Circumstance
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group
Total Count
Asian Officer Initiated 95.6% 3.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 96,734
Call for Service 21.3% 67.0% 0.3% 1.8% 2.7% 6.7% - 0.1% 2,713
Black/African American
Officer Initiated Call for Service
80.9%
9.0%
14.8%
79.3%
0.9%
0.9%
1.1%
2.4%
0.3%
2.0%
2.0%
6.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
251,291
19,897
Hispanic/Latino Officer Initiated 88.2% 8.0% 0.8% 0.7% 0.2% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 686,017
Call for Service 17.0% 71.1% 0.9% 2.3% 1.9% 6.8% 0.1% 0.1% 30,012 Middle Eastern/South
Officer Initiated 96.5% 2.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 78,171
Asian Call for Service 23.8% 66.6% 0.4% 1.6% 1.7% 6.0% - - 1,746
Multiracial Officer Initiated 87.7% 8.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.2% 2.1% - 0.0% 19,851
Call for Service 12.8% 74.6% 0.6% 2.7% 1.8% 7.6% - 0.1% 1,388
Native American
Officer Initiated Call for Service
84.3%
19.1%
10.3%
58.2%
1.1%
1.8%
1.2%
5.0%
0.3%
5.5%
2.8%
10.5%
-
-
-
-
3,665
220
Pacific Islander Officer Initiated 90.7% 6.6% 0.4% 0.7% 0.3% 1.2% - 0.0% 10,047
Call for Service 12.5% 74.3% 0.4% 3.4% 2.0% 7.4% - - 537
White Officer Initiated 89.2% 7.7% 0.4% 0.5% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 568,900
Call for Service 15.4% 71.0% 0.9% 2.0% 2.7% 8.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28,865
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Officer 88.3% 8.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,714,676 Initiated Total Call for 14.8% 72.8% 0.9% 2.2% 2.2% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 85,378 Service Overall Total 84.80% 11.40% 0.60% 0.70% 0.30% 2.20% 0.00% 0.00% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 2.4 Actions Taken During Stop by Race/Ethnicity
Asian Black/ Hispanic/ Middle Multiracial Native Pacific White Total African Latino Eastern/South American Islander
American Asian Removed from 1.2% 7.9% 4.4% 1.5% 4.4% 3.7% 2.9% 1.9% 3.8% Vehicle by Order Removed from 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% Vehicle by Physical Contact Field Sobriety Test 1.0% 1.1% 1.7% 0.9% 1.5% 2.8% 1.4% 1.3% 1.4%
Curbside Detention 2.2% 9.7% 5.6% 1.9% 6.4% 5.1% 4.5% 4.4% 5.5%
Handcuffed 2.9% 12.1% 7.7% 2.4% 7.9% 9.1% 6.0% 5.7% 7.2%
Patrol Car Detention 1.8% 6.3% 4.9% 1.5% 7.6% 3.5% 3.4% 2.8% 4.1%
Canine Search 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Firearm Point 0.1% 0.6% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3%
Firearm Discharge 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - - - 0.0% 0.0%
Electronic Control 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% - 0.0% 0.0% Device Impact Projectile 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Discharge Canine Bite 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% - 0.0% 0.0%
Baton 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - - - - 0.0% 0.0%
Chemical Spray 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% - 0.0% 0.0%
Other Physical of 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% Vehicle Contact Person Photographed 0.4% 0.9% 0.5% 0.2% 0.7% 1.9% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6%
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Asian Black/ Hispanic/ Middle Multiracial Native Pacific White Total African Latino Eastern/South American Islander
American Asian Asked for Consent to 0.5% 2.9% 2.6% 0.4% 4.2% 2.5% 1.3% 1.7% 2.1% Search Person Searched Person 2.7% 17.1% 10.5% 2.6% 10.5% 10.2% 7.1% 6.0% 9.2%
Asked for Consent to 0.3% 1.7% 1.3% 0.3% 2.1% 1.4% 0.7% 0.8% 1.1% Search Property Searched Property 1.2% 8.5% 4.2% 1.1% 4.9% 3.8% 3.2% 2.6% 4.0%
Property Seized 0.3% 1.1% 0.6% 0.2% 0.8% 1.0% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7%
Vehicle Impound 0.5% 1.3% 1.5% 0.4% 1.2% 1.7% 0.9% 0.7% 1.1%
Admission/ Written 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - - 0.0% 0.0% Statement Obtained from Student* No Action Taken 92.7% 69.0% 80.0% 93.4% 78.9% 81.0% 85.4% 87.1% 82.0%
Search Person Consent 91.1% 86.0% 92.5% 93.6% 97.4% 91.7% 98.6% 93.6% 91.6% Given Search Property 91.3% 80.7% 89.4% 90.6% 96.0% 92.5% 93.1% 91.9% 88.2% Consent given Identity Group Total 99,447 271,188 716,029 79,917 21,239 3,885 10,584 597,765 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 2.5 Basis for Search by Race/Ethnicity
Asian Black/ African
American
Hispanic/ Latino
Middle Eastern/South
Asian Multiracial Native
American Pacific Islander White Total
Consent Given 19.0% 26.4% 30.7% 25.1% 40.4% 22.3% 18.9% 22.6% 27.5% Officer Safety/ Safety of 26.2% 32.7% 32.2% 28.1% 35.0% 29.7% 25.7% 25.4% 30.7% Others Search Warrant 4.0% 1.0% 1.4% 1.8% 0.8% 1.4% 3.5% 1.4% 1.3% Condition of Parole/ 11.1% 23.9% 18.4% 10.9% 18.0% 21.8% 20.3% 18.8% 19.8% Probation/ PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision Suspected Weapon 6.6% 12.8% 9.6% 7.4% 9.1% 10.9% 9.3% 5.5% 9.5% Visible Contraband 3.7% 6.8% 4.5% 3.3% 5.4% 2.6% 4.4% 3.9% 5.0% Odor of Contraband 2.9% 8.5% 4.6% 2.8% 7.5% 1.9% 3.3% 1.8% 5.1% Canine Detection 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.5% - 0.2% 0.2% Evidence of Crime 6.2% 5.3% 5.6% 5.2% 8.2% 3.9% 4.8% 5.8% 5.6% Incident to Arrest 52.4% 30.1% 34.2% 46.4% 36.9% 47.3% 43.4% 47.8% 36.6% Exigent 0.8% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.4% 0.4% Circumstances/Emergency Vehicle Inventory 3.1% 2.9% 3.3% 3.8% 3.2% 2.6% 2.6% 3.0% 3.1% Suspected Violation of 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% - - - 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% School Policy* Identity Group Total 3,040 50,637 80,327 2,259 2,466 431 838 38,977 178,975 Note. Basis for search frequencies were calculated based off the number of individuals who were subject to a search (N = 178,9752) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
2 While 178,975 individuals were stopped for traffic violations, due to a system error 178,973 (i.e. two less) individuals did not have a response for basis for search subcategories reported in the data.
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Table 2.6 Contraband and Evidence Discovered by Race/Ethnicity
Asian Black/ African
American
Hispanic/ Latino
Middle Eastern/South
Asian Multiracial Native
American Pacific Islander White Total
None 98.8% 94.0% 96.3% 99.1% 95.8% 96.3% 97.3% 97.5% 96.6% Firearm(s) 0.1% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% Ammunition 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm
0.1% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3%
Drugs/Narcotics 0.4% 2.6% 1.4% 0.3% 1.8% 1.3% 1.0% 1.0% 1.3% Alcohol 0.2% 1.2% 1.0% 0.2% 0.8% 0.9% 0.3% 0.5% 0.8% Money 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Drug Paraphernalia 0.2% 1.0% 0.7% 0.1% 1.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% Stolen Property 0.1% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% Cell Phones or Electronic Devices
0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Other Contraband or Evidence
0.2% 0.7% 0.4% 0.1% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4%
Identity Group Total
99,447 271,188 716,029 79,917 21,239 3,885 10,584 597,765 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row).
![Page 15: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
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Table 2.7 Basis for Property Seizure by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Safekeeping Contraband Evidence Impound of Vehicle
Abandoned Property
Suspected Violation of
School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Asian 11.0% 28.2% 81.0% 12.1% 0.6% - 348 Black/African American
10.4% 33.8% 76.9% 14.6% 0.7% 0.1% 3,054
Hispanic/Latino 7.6% 35.9% 71.7% 19.4% 0.8% 0.3% 4,621 Middle Eastern/South Asian
10.1% 29.8% 78.0% 13.7% - - 168
Multiracial 11.0% 32.5% 71.2% 12.9% 1.8% 0.6% 163 Native American 2.6% 28.2% 84.6% 7.7% - - 39 Pacific Islander 5.4% 37.8% 68.9% 16.2% 1.4% - 74 White 13.0% 41.7% 70.4% 12.3% 0.6% 0.2% 4,313 Total 10.2% 37.0% 72.9% 15.5% 0.7% 0.2% 12,780 Note. Basis for property seizure percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 16: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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Table 2.8 Type of Property of Seized by Race/Ethnicity
Asian Black/ African American
Hispanic/ Latino
Middle Eastern/South
Asian Multiracial Native
American Pacific Islander White Total
Firearm(s) 10.1% 14.4% 12.2% 9.5% 9.8% 15.4% 13.5% 7.0% 10.9% Ammunition 6.3% 10.1% 9.6% 6.5% 8.6% 15.4% 9.5% 5.3% 8.1% Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm
10.4% 12.1% 10.1% 17.9% 11.7% 17.9% 10.8% 9.9% 10.7%
Drugs/Narcotics 34.3% 31.2% 40.3% 32.1% 33.7% 46.2% 33.8% 45.0% 39.3% Alcohol 0.6% 2.2% 1.7% 2.4% 1.2% - 1.4% 2.6% 2.1% Money 15.9% 12.8% 10.7% 10.7% 6.1% 7.7% 6.8% 6.0% 9.7% Drug Paraphernalia
20.7% 19.4% 23.6% 17.3% 21.5% 28.2% 23.0% 33.0% 25.6%
Suspected Stolen Property
11.5% 12.6% 9.1% 6.0% 10.4% 5.1% 10.8% 11.9% 10.9%
Cell phone(s) or 13.5% 11.8% 10.4% 14.3% 11.0% - 9.5% 7.8% Electronic 10.0% Device(s) Vehicle 10.4% 10.9% 15.6% 9.5% 11.7% 7.7% 10.8% 9.9% 12.3% Other Contraband or Evidence
29.4% 26.3% 20.8% 25.6% 26.4% 15.4% 28.4% 19.9% 22.2%
Total 348 3,054 4,621 168 163 39 74 4,313 12,780 Note. Type of property seized percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 2.9.1 Result of Stop by Race/Ethnicity
Asian Black/African American
Hispanic/ Latino
Middle Eastern/South
Asian Multiracial Native
American Pacific Islander White Total
No Action 8.8% 15.8% 12.9% 9.6% 13.2% 15.9% 12.5% 11.9% 12.6% Warning 21.6% 26.2% 22.0% 21.8% 25.7% 27.3% 23.2% 25.5% 23.8%
Citation for Infraction 57.6% 36.8% 48.7% 61.4% 45.9% 38.0% 48.5% 49.4% 48.2%
In-Field Cite and Release 8.6% 6.0% 6.4% 4.7% 5.7% 5.1% 7.2% 5.7% 6.1%
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding
Warrant
0.4% 2.8% 1.7% 0.3% 2.4% 3.2% 1.7% 1.5% 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without
Warrant 2.5% 6.8% 5.8% 2.0% 5.9% 8.2% 5.1% 4.3% 5.1%
Field Interview Card
Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted
Parent/Legal Guardian
1.7%
0.2%
0.1%
10.0%
0.4%
0.2%
5.9%
0.2%
0.2%
1.7%
0.1%
0.1%
3.6%
0.5%
0.3%
4.5%
0.3%
0.1%
3.0%
0.3%
0.1%
3.4%
0.3%
0.1%
5.2%
0.3%
0.1%
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Psychiatric Hold 0.5% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 0.7% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6%
Referred to U.S.
Department of 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - - 0.0% 0.0% Homeland Security
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - - 0.0% 0.0%
Counselor* Identity
Group Total 99,447 271,188 716,029 79,917 21,239 3,885 10,584 597,765 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the
total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than
0.1%.
Table 2.9.2 Result of Stop by Stop Circumstance and Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% No Action 8.4% 22.1% 8,704 8.8% Warning 21.8% 14.0% 21,445 21.6% Citation for Infraction 58.9% 9.8% 57,261 57.6%
Asian In-Field Cite and Release 8.6% 7.2% 8,503 8.6% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 0.3% 3.9% 430 0.4% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 2.0% 22.2% 2,503 2.5% Field Interview Card Completed 1.3% 13.7% 1,642 1.7%
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.1% 4.5% 210 0.2% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.0% 0.8% 55 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.2% 10.3% 450 0.5% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 3 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% - 4 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 15.3% 22.5% 42,838 15.8% Warning 27.1% 14.9% 70,956 26.2% Citation for Infraction 39.3% 4.8% 99,837 36.8% In-Field Cite and Release 6.1% 5.0% 16,358 6.0% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 2.5% 7.4% 7,638 2.8%
Black/African American
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed
5.1% 9.2%
28.0% 19.2%
18,455 27,014
6.8% 10.0%
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.2% 2.9% 1,031 0.4% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.3% 566 0.2% Psychiatric Hold 0.3% 6.4% 2,142 0.8% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 17 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 69 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 7 0.0% No Action 12.5% 20.7% 92,219 12.9%
Hispanic/ Latino
Warning Citation for Infraction
22.4% 50.5%
12.4% 8.5%
157,498 348,770
22.0% 48.7%
In-Field Cite and Release 6.4% 4.9% 45,623 6.4% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.5% 6.2% 12,464 1.7%
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 4.6% 31.7% 41,203 5.8% Field Interview Card Completed 5.3% 19.0% 41,927 5.9% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.1% 2.3% 1,526 0.2% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.2% 1,161 0.2% Psychiatric Hold 0.2% 5.0% 2,654 0.4% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 45 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 113 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 36 0.0%
Middle Eastern/South
Asian
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
9.4% 21.9% 62.5% 4.7% 0.3% 1.5% 1.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
20.9% 16.4% 11.3% 4.7% 3.6% 25.1% 19.6% 2.5% 0.7% 6.0% 0.2% 0.1%
-
7,679 9.6% 17,398 21.8% 49,065 61.4% 3,751 4.7% 262 0.3%
1,617 2.0% 1,375 1.7% 100 0.1% 45 0.1% 183 0.2% 6 0.0% 4 0.0% 1 0.0%
No Action 12.6% 21.8% 2,811 13.2% Multiracial Warning 26.3% 16.7% 5,454 25.7%
Citation for Infraction 48.8% 5.0% 9,754 45.9%
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
5.5% 2.0% 4.4% 3.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
7.9% 7.4% 26.7% 8.3% 4.8% 1.3% 7.0%
--
1,209 505
1,252 764 112 56 147 1 7
5.7% 2.4% 5.9% 3.6% 0.5% 0.3% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% - 5 0.0% No Action 15.4% 24.1% 616 15.9% Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release
28.0% 40.0% 5.2%
15.5% 4.5% 4.1%
1,061 1,475 199
27.3% 38.0% 5.1%
Native American
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
2.9% 7.1% 3.7% 0.2% 0.1% 0.4%
--
7.7% 26.8% 16.8% 1.4% 0.5% 7.7%
--
124 318 174 11 4 31 --
3.2% 8.2% 4.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.8%
--
Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 11.9% 24.4% 1,327 12.5%
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Warning Citation for Infraction
23.8% 50.7%
12.1% 7.3%
2,457 5,133
23.2% 48.5%
In-Field Cite and Release 7.2% 7.3% 764 7.2% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
1.5% 4.0%
6.7% 25.9%
183 540
1.7% 5.1%
Pacific Islander
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
2.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3%
-0.0%
11.0% 3.0% 0.9% 8.2%
--
320 31 14 72 -1
3.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.7%
-0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 11.4% 22.4% 71,136 11.9% Warning Citation for Infraction
25.9% 51.6%
16.1% 6.6%
152,187 295,569
25.5% 49.4%
In-Field Cite and Release 5.7% 4.6% 33,863 5.7%
White
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
1.3% 3.4% 2.7% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
6.0% 23.3% 16.3% 3.8% 0.6% 8.9% 0.0% 0.0%
8,897 25,896 20,318 2,002 521
4,473 26 58
1.5% 4.3% 3.4% 0.3% 0.1% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 10 0.0% No Action 12.2% 21.8% 227,330 12.6% Warning 24.3% 14.4% 428,456 23.8% Citation for Infraction 50.2% 7.0% 866,864 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 4.9% 110,270 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.5% 6.3% 30,503 1.7% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 4.0% 27.4% 91,784 5.1%
Total Field Interview Card Completed 4.6% 17.8% 93,534 5.2% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.1% 3.1% 5,023 0.3% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.0% 2,422 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.2% 6.9% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 98 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Stop Circumstance Total 1,714,676 85,378 1,800,054 Note. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 2.10 Racial Breakdown by Officer Assignment Type
Number of Race/Ethnicity Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School Other Records
Total Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %
Asian 95,590 5.7% 353 1.1% 452 5.9% 90 5.3% 2,962 3.9% 99,447 Black/African American 246,030 14.6% 12,377 37.7% 1,847 23.9% 297 17.4% 10,637 14.1% 271,188
Hispanic/Latino 660,391 39.3% 16,634 50.7% 3,778 48.9% 670 39.2% 34,556 45.7% 716,029 Middle 4.5% 0.8% 2.1% 1.6% 5.8% Eastern/South 75,053 255 162 28 4,419 79,917 Asian Multiracial 20,046 1.2% 224 0.7% 32 0.4% 56 3.3% 881 1.2% 21,239
Native American 3,680 0.2% 41 0.1% 12 0.2% 8 0.5% 144 0.2% 3,885
Pacific Islander 10,015 0.6% 102 0.3% 21 0.3% 6 0.4% 440 0.6% 10,584
White 571,279 34.0% 2,855 8.7% 1,421 18.4% 556 32.5% 21,654 28.6% 597,765 Officer Assignment Type Total
1,682,084 93.4% 32,841 1.8% 7,725 0.4% 1,711 0.1% 75,693 4.2% 1,800,054
Note. Percentage in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are in reference to the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
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Table 2.11 Reason for Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Race/Ethnicity
Race/Identity Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Patrol Gang Enforcement
94.3%
70.3%
4.5%
14.4%
0.1%
4.2%
0.2%
2.0%
0.2%
2.3%
0.8%
6.8%
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
95,590
353
Asian Narcotics 28.8% 66.4% 0.2% 1.1% - 3.5% - - 452 K-12 Public School 74.4% 13.3% - - - 4.4% 2.2% 5.6% 90
Other 83.4% 10.4% 0.4% 1.3% 0.5% 4.1% - 0.0% 2,962 Patrol 77.8% 18.2% 0.6% 1.0% 0.4% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 246,030
Black/ African
American
Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
57.1%
15.1%
18.2%
29.4%
78.9%
61.6%
6.8%
1.1%
0.3%
1.2%
3.0%
3.4%
0.3%
-
2.4%
5.3%
1.8%
6.7%
-
-
2.7%
-
-
4.7%
12,377
1,847
297
Other 59.6% 27.7% 2.3% 4.8% 0.5% 5.1% 0.0% 0.0% 10,637
Hispanic/ Latino
Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School Other
86.6%
58.5%
25.2%
37.8%
79.3%
9.9%
25.0%
66.4%
31.0%
10.7%
0.5%
9.5%
1.0%
0.3%
0.9%
0.7%
1.8%
2.2%
1.2%
2.0%
0.3%
0.6%
-
8.1%
0.2%
2.1%
4.6%
5.1%
13.3%
6.9%
0.0%
-
-
3.6%
0.0%
0.0%
-
-
4.8%
0.0%
660,391
16,634
3,778
670
34,556 Patrol 95.4% 3.5% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.8% 0.0% - 75,053 Middle Gang Eastern/Sout 84.3% 7.5% 3.1% 2.0% 0.8% 2.4% - - 255 Enforcement h Asian Narcotics 35.2% 56.2% 1.2% 3.7% - 3.7% - - 162
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Race/Identity Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
K-12 Public School 42.9% 28.6% - - - 25.0% - 3.6% 28
Other 89.2% 3.8% 0.1% 0.4% 0.2% 6.3% - - 4,419 Patrol 83.2% 12.9% 0.5% 0.8% 0.3% 2.3% - - 20,046 Gang Enforcement 54.0% 24.1% 8.0% 2.7% 0.4% 10.7% - - 224
Multiracial Narcotics 25.0% 62.5% - 12.5% - - - - 32 K-12 Public School 28.6% 44.6% - - 1.8% 8.9% - 16.1% 56
Other 86.4% 6.6% 1.2% 1.2% 0.1% 4.4% - - 881 Patrol 82.2% 12.5% 1.0% 1.1% 0.5% 2.7% - - 3,680
Native American
Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
58.5%
25.0%
12.5%
12.2%
75.0%
12.5%
9.8%
-
-
9.8%
-
-
-
-
-
9.8%
-
75.0%
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
12
8
Other 56.3% 22.2% 2.8% 6.9% 2.8% 9.0% - - 144 Patrol 88.0% 9.2% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 1.4% - - 10,015
Pacific Islander
Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
47.1%
57.1%
16.7%
39.2%
33.3%
50.0%
5.9%
-
-
1.0%
4.8%
-
2.9%
-
-
3.9%
4.8%
16.7%
-
-
-
-
-
16.7%
102
21
6
Other 69.1% 20.5% 2.0% 4.5% 0.7% 3.2% - - 440 Patrol 86.5% 10.2% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 571,279
White Gang Enforcement 56.2% 20.2% 8.2% 4.6% 2.0% 8.8% - - 2,855
![Page 27: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
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Race/Identity Officer
Assignment Type
Narcotics K-12 Public School
Traffic Violation
27.8%
57.4%
Reason Suspicion
62.9%
21.6%
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
2.0%
0.7%
Warrant
2.4%
1.8%
Truant
-
2.5%
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
4.9%
5.6%
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
-
1.6%
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
-
8.8%
Identity Group Total
1,421
556
Other 71.4% 19.3% 1.6% 1.6% 0.4% 5.6% - 0.0% 21,654 Patrol 86.1% 10.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,682,084
Officer Gang Enforcement 58.0% 26.0% 8.2% 1.8% 0.6% 5.3% - - 32,841
Assignment Type Total
Narcotics K-12 Public School
23.8%
42.3%
68.5%
32.7%
1.2%
0.4%
2.5%
1.6%
-
4.4%
4.1%
9.5%
-
2.5%
-
6.5%
7,725
1,711
Other 75.0% 15.2% 1.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 75,693 Overall Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
![Page 28: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
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Table 2.12 Result of Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
No Action 8.5% 26.9% 4.9% 6.7% 14.2% 8,704 8.8% Warning 21.5% 28.3% 24.8% 14.4% 23.9% 21,445 21.6% Citation for Infraction 58.0% 15.3% 35.4% 53.3% 51.5% 57,261 57.6% In-Field Cite and Release 8.6% 3.1% 23.0% 18.9% 4.1% 8,503 8.6% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 0.4% 4.5% 0.4% - 0.9% 430 0.4%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 2.5% 5.1% 9.3% 4.4% 2.7% 2,503 2.5%
Asian Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport
1.4%
0.2%
24.4%
0.3%
10.8%
-
1.1%
-
4.5%
0.2%
1,642
210
1.7%
0.2%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.0% - - 8.9% 0.2% 55 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.5% 0.6% - 2.2% 0.3% 450 0.5% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - - - 3 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* - - - 4.4% - 4 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action 14.2% 46.4% 4.6% 6.4% 18.6% 42,838 15.8% Warning 26.3% 30.7% 8.9% 10.1% 21.4% 70,956 26.2% Citation for Infraction 38.6% 4.9% 30.6% 15.2% 34.3% 99,837 36.8%
Black/African American
In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
6.1%
2.7%
1.3%
2.4%
23.3%
5.8%
42.1%
2.4%
6.0%
4.4%
16,358
7,638
6.0%
2.8%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 6.7% 4.5% 26.1% 12.8% 8.8% 18,455 6.8%
Field Interview Card Completed 9.6% 14.9% 19.5% 4.4% 11.0% 27,014 10.0%
![Page 29: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.4% 0.0% 0.2% 1.0% 0.4% 1,031 0.4%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 23.6% 0.4% 566 0.2%
Psychiatric Hold 0.8% 0.0% - 2.7% 0.5% 2,142 0.8% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - - 0.0% 17 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% - - 19.2% - 69 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 1.3% - 7 0.0% No Action 12.1% 33.1% 10.2% 6.1% 18.5% 92,219 12.9% Warning 21.9% 27.0% 16.6% 9.4% 21.7% 157,498 22.0% Citation for Infraction 49.8% 7.7% 32.2% 39.3% 48.8% 348,770 48.7% In-Field Cite and Release 6.5% 1.3% 23.7% 28.1% 3.5% 45,623 6.4% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.7% 3.6% 3.1% 1.5% 1.9% 12,464 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.8% 6.2% 12.0% 3.4% 3.9% 41,203 5.8%
Hispanic/ Field Interview Card Completed 5.2% 32.4% 11.5% 1.6% 4.9% 41,927 5.9% Latino Noncriminal Transport or
Caretaking Transport 0.2% 0.1% 0.6% 2.5% 0.1% 1,526 0.2%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 13.1% 0.2% 1,161 0.2%
Psychiatric Hold 0.4% 0.1% - 3.4% 0.2% 2,654 0.4% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - - 0.0% 45 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.7% 0.0% 113 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% - - 4.0% 0.0% 36 0.0%
Middle No Action 9.2% 22.7% 10.5% 7.1% 15.3% 7,679 9.6% Eastern/South Warning 21.7% 32.9% 25.3% 14.3% 22.2% 17,398 21.8%
Asian Citation for Infraction 61.7% 29.0% 25.9% 28.6% 59.7% 49,065 61.4%
![Page 30: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
4.8%
0.3%
2.1%
1.7%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
--
1.6%
0.8%
2.4%
15.7%
0.4%
-
0.8%
-
--
24.7%
4.3%
9.9%
6.8%
-
-
-
-
--
21.4%
-
7.1%
10.7%
3.6%
10.7%
-
-
14.3% 3.6%
1.7%
0.4%
0.9%
1.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
-
--
3,751
262
1,617
1,375
100
45
183
6
4 1
4.7%
0.3%
2.0%
1.7%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
Multiracial
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold
13.0% 25.7% 46.2% 5.7%
2.4%
6.0%
3.3%
0.6%
0.2%
0.7%
25.4% 32.1% 12.1% 2.2%
7.6%
8.5%
23.2%
-
-
-
-25.0% 15.6% 28.1%
12.5%
21.9%
15.6%
-
-
-
3.6% 16.1% 30.4% 32.1%
-
8.9%
1.8%
-
30.4%
1.8%
15.8% 25.3% 50.2% 2.8%
1.4%
2.3%
5.8%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
2,811 5,454 9,754 1,209
505
1,252
764
112
56
147
13.2% 25.7% 45.9% 5.7%
2.4%
5.9%
3.6%
0.5%
0.3%
0.7%
![Page 31: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security - - - - 0.1% 1 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* - - - 12.5% - 7 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* - - - 8.9% - 5 0.0% No Action 15.1% 51.2% - - 28.5% 616 15.9% Warning 27.9% 14.6% 16.7% - 18.8% 1,061 27.3% Citation for Infraction 38.9% - 50.0% 37.5% 24.3% 1,475 38.0% In-Field Cite and Release 4.8% 9.8% 25.0% 62.5% 7.6% 199 5.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 3.0% 9.8% - - 6.3% 124 3.2%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 8.3% 2.4% 16.7% - 5.6% 318 8.2%
Native Field Interview Card Completed 4.2% 12.2% - - 9.7% 174 4.5% American Noncriminal Transport or
Caretaking Transport 0.3% - - - 0.7% 11 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% - - - - 4 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.8% - - - - 31 0.8% Referred to U.S. Department of - - - - - - -Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* - - - - - - -Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action 12.0% 33.3% 9.5% - 21.1% 1,327 12.5% Warning 23.2% 22.5% 47.6% 16.7% 23.2% 2,457 23.2% Citation for Infraction 49.5% 6.9% 9.5% 33.3% 36.8% 5,133 48.5%
Pacific In-Field Cite and Release 7.4% 2.0% 19.0% 33.3% 3.9% 764 7.2% Islander Custodial Arrest Pursuant to
Outstanding Warrant 1.6% 4.9% 4.8% - 3.6% 183 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 4.9% 8.8% 4.8% - 8.0% 540 5.1%
![Page 32: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
2.6%
0.3%
0.1%
0.7%
-
--
27.5%
-
-
-
-
--
9.5%
-
-
-
-
--
33.3%
-
16.7%
-
-
16.7% -
5.2%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
-
--
320
31
14
72
-
1 -
3.0%
0.3%
0.1%
0.7%
-
0.0% -
White
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
11.6% 25.5% 50.1% 5.7%
1.4%
4.2%
3.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.8%
0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
29.6% 26.9% 13.2% 3.3%
7.9%
10.4%
15.7%
0.3%
0.1%
0.5%
-
--
8.2% 21.5% 18.6% 26.0%
5.1%
16.8%
21.4%
0.2%
0.2%
-
-
--
8.5% 11.3% 47.8% 9.0%
0.7%
5.4%
4.7%
1.6%
9.2%
2.7%
0.2%
9.4% 1.3%
18.7% 25.8% 40.1% 3.7%
2.8%
5.8%
5.8%
0.3%
0.1%
0.5%
0.0%
0.0% -
71,136 152,187 295,569 33,863
8,897
25,896
20,318
2,002
521
4,473
26
58 10
11.9% 25.5% 49.4% 5.7%
1.5%
4.3%
3.4%
0.3%
0.1%
0.7%
0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
Total No Action Warning
11.9% 23.8%
37.6% 28.4%
8.1% 16.4%
6.8% 10.7%
18.2% 23.0%
227,330 428,456
12.6% 23.8%
![Page 33: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
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Race/Ethnicity Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Citation for Infraction 49.2% 7.4% 29.2% 38.1% 44.9% 866,864 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 1.5% 24.0% 24.0% 3.8% 110,270 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.6% 3.5% 4.0% 1.2% 2.4% 30,503 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.0% 5.9% 16.1% 6.0% 4.9% 91,784 5.1%
Field Interview Card Completed 4.8% 24.0% 15.1% 3.3% 5.8% 93,534 5.2%
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 1.8% 0.2% 5,023 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 13.9% 0.2% 2,422 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.1% - 2.9% 0.3% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 98 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.3% 0.0% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Officer Assignment Type Total 1,682,084 1,682,084 32,841 7,725 1,711 75,693 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group per officer assignment type (see 2.10). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
![Page 34: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
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Table 2.13.1 Stop Distribution and Weighted Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity
Asian
Percentage Stopped Individuals
5.5%
Weighted Residential Population Distribution for 2017 American
Community Survey 11.9%
Black 15.1% 6.3% Hispanic Middle Eastern/South Asian Multiracial
39.8% 4.4% 1.2%
41.1% 1.9% 3.1%
Native American 0.2% 0.3% Pacific Islander 0.6% 0.3% White 33.2% 34.9% Other - 0.3% Total 1,800,054 39,536,653 Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data. Frequency weights for sheriff’s departments were given according to the population estimates from their respective counties while police departments were weighted according to their respective cities. An exception had to be made for the city of San Diego which was compared to the county since the ACS did not include information for this city in 2017. We also made an exception for California Highway Patrol, whose jurisdiction is statewide; their frequency weight applied to California population estimates.
Table 2.13.2 Stop Distribution and Weighted Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity without California Highway Patrol
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals Weighted Residential Population Distribution for 2017 American
Community Survey Asian 4.4% 11.7% Black 21.9% 7.4% Hispanic 41.2% 44.2%
![Page 35: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
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Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals Weighted Residential Population Distribution for 2017 American
Community Survey Middle Eastern/South Asian 2.9% 1.3% Multiracial 1.2% 2.8% Native American 0.2% 0.2% Pacific Islander 0.5% 0.2% White 27.8% 31.8% Other - 0.3% Total 766,633 18,966,159 Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data. Frequency weights for sheriff’s departments were given according to the population estimates from their respective counties while police departments were weighted according to their respective cities. An exception had to be made for the city of San Diego which was compared to the county since the ACS did not include information for this city in 2017. We also made an exception for California Highway Patrol, whose jurisdiction is statewide; their frequency weight applied to California population estimates.
Table 2.13.3 Stop Distribution and Weighted SWITRS Not-At-Fault Party Distribution by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Weighted Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for 2018 SWITRS
Asian 6.1% 9.3% Black 13.4% 9.7% Hispanic 40.0% 38.4% White 33.6% 33.9% Other 6.9% 8.8% Total Observations 1,525,853 283,186 Notes. Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where the reason for stop was a traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year. We weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data and by the relative number of records submitted to SWITRS from each agency
![Page 36: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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Table 2.13.4 Stop Distribution and Weighted SWITRS Not-At-Fault Party Distribution by Race/Ethnicity without California Highway Patrol
Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Weighted Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for 2018 SWITRS
Asian 5.4% 6.0% Black 20.4% 13.4% Hispanic 42.6% 43.2% White 26.1% 29.5% Other 5.4% 7.9% Total Observations 502,453 151,889 Notes. Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where the reason for stop was a traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year. We weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data and by the relative number of records submitted to SWITRS from each agency. We excluded California Highway Patrol because of their outsized impact on the data.
![Page 37: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
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Table 2.14.1 Inter-Twilight Stop Proportion by Visibility and Race/Ethnicity for the Entire Reporting Period
Race/Ethnicity
Visibility Asian Black Hispanic
Middle Eastern/
South Asian Multiracial Native American Pacific
Islander White Total
Light 4,682 49.7 %
12,217 48.8 %
33,666 50.5 %
4,126 49.5 %
1,160 53.5 %
212 54.5 %
531 57 %
27,268 50 %
83,862 50.1 %
Dark 4,746 50.3 %
12828 51.2 %
33,016 49.5 %
4,207 50.5 %
1,010 46.5 %
177 45.5 %
400 43 %
27,278 50 %
83,662 49.9 %
Total 9,428 100 %
25,045 100 %
66,682 100 %
8,333 100 %
2,170 100 %
389 100 %
931 100 %
54,546 100 %
167,524 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 2.14.2 Inter-Twilight Stop Proportion by Visibility and Race/Ethnicity without California Highway Patrolfor the Entire Reporting Period
Race/Ethnicity
Visibility Asian Black Hispanic
Middle Eastern/ South Asian
Multiracial Native American
Pacific Islander White
Total
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1133 7185 12614 817 326 51 111 5317 27554 Light 45.1 % 46.8 % 47.4 % 42.9 % 47.1 % 65.4 % 48.7 % 47.3 % 47 %
1380 8170 14002 1087 366 27 117 5915 31064 Dark 54.9 % 53.2 % 52.6 % 57.1 % 52.9 % 34.6 % 51.3 % 52.7 % 53 %
2513 15355 26616 1904 692 78 228 11232 58618 Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 2.14.3 Stop Proportion by Visibility and Race for the Two Weeks Before and After Daylight Savings Change on Nov. 4, 2018
Race/Ethnicity
Middle Visibility Total Eastern/ Native Pacific Asian Black Hispanic Multiracial White South American Islander
Asian
160 305 882 138 26 5 13 844 2,373 Light 14 % 10.4 % 11.1 % 12.8 % 10.7 % 11.4 % 12 % 12 % 11.6 %
983 2,630 7,086 942 216 39 95 6,170 18,161 Dark 86 % 89.6 % 88.9 % 87.2 % 89.3 % 88.6 % 88 % 88 % 88.4 %
1,143 2,935 7,968 1,080 242 44 108 7,014 20,534 Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
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Note. Stops in the liht occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 2.14.4 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Coefficients and Standard Error
Race/Ethnicity All Intertwilight Stops
Model 1a Model 2b
Intertwilight Stops Two Weeks Before/After DST
Model 1a Model 2b
Asian 0.503 0.510 0.457 0.460 Black ** 0.512 *** 0.521 * 0.541 0.504 Hispanic 0.495 0.503 0.523 * 0.539 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.505 0.509 0.483 0.467 Multiracial ** 0.465 ** 0.466 0.532 0.575 Native American 0.455 0.446 0.516 0.526 Pacific Islander *** 0.429 *** 0.439 0.500 0.521 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Negative estimates indicate decreased propensity for stopped persons to be the associated group of color in darkness. Positive estimates indicate increased propensity for stopped persons to be the associated group of color in the darkness. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
Table 2.14.5 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Coefficients and Standard Error without California Highway Patrol
Race/Ethnicity All Intertwilight Stops
Model 1a Model 2b
Intertwilight Stops Two Weeks Before/After DST
Model 1a Model 2b
Asian * 0.523 * 0.527 0.496 0.472 Black 0.505 0.509 ** 0.582 0.501 Hispanic 0.500 0.499 *** 0.616 ** 0.601 Middle Eastern/South Asian *** 0.545 ** 0.537 0.526 0.434
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Multiracial 0.502 0.490 0.548 0.589 Native American ** 0.322 ** 0.309 0.332 0.017 Pacific Islander 0.487 0.486 0.567 0.679 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. We excluded California Highway Patrol because of their outsized impact on the data. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
Table 2.14.6 Change in Stop Frequency Before and After DST Difference from
Light Hour Treatment Hour Dark Hour DST Difference Control Race/Ethnicity (4 to 5 PM) (6 to 7 PM) (8 to 9 PM) (Post – Pre) (Treatment – Control)
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post DST DST DST DST DST DST Light Variable Dark Light Dark
Asian 7.63 7.29 4.53 3.69 2.76 3.59 -0.34 -0.84 0.82 -0.5 -1.66 Black 6.58 7.31 4.65 4.1 4.64 4.85 0.74 -0.55 0.21 -1.28 -0.76 Hispanic 7.22 7.53 4.57 4.05 3.7 3.81 0.31 -0.52 0.11 -0.83 -0.63 Middle Eastern/South 7.73 7.73 4.67 4.13 3.26 3.28 -0.01 -0.54 0.02 -0.53 -0.56 Asian Multiracial 8.38 6.37 6.23 5.51 4.14 3.87 -2.01 -0.73 -0.27 1.28 -0.46 Native American 8.9 11.35 8.75 9.35 6.53 10.45 2.45 0.6 3.92 -1.85 -3.32 Pacific Islander 8.67 8.3 4.54 4.31 5.27 3.78 -0.37 -0.22 -1.48 0.15 1.26 White 7.9 8.25 4.71 4.13 3.13 3.59 0.34 -0.58 0.46 -0.92 -1.04 Note. As another way to attempt to measure the impact darkness may have on stop frequency by race, we selected two control hours where lighting conditions were constant before and after daylight savings (DS), which occurred on 11/4/2018. We used 4 to 5 PM as the light control hour and 8 to 9 PM as the dark control hour. We also defined a treatment hour (6 to 7 PM) where all respective stops took place in the light prior to DS and in the dark after DS. These scores, thus, could represent the difference in stop frequency change due to DS in our treatment hour from the difference due to DS in each control hour. Negative values indicate that relative to the control hour, DS decreased the frequency of stops in the treatment hour. Positive values indicate that relative to the control hour, DS increased the frequency of stops in the treatment hour.
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Table 2.15.1 Yield rates by Race/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion
Asian 664 (21.8 %) 384 (22.0 %) 38 (14.6 %) Black 11,413 (22.5 %) 4,433 (26.9 %) 594 (10.3 %) Hispanic 16,875 (21.0 %) 7,383 (24.6 %) 1,242 (10.9 %) Middle Eastern/South Asian 424 (18.8 %) 234 (20.8 %) 41 (13.9 %) Multiracial 552 (22.4 %) 258 (26.5 %) 30 (10.2 %) Native American 83 (19.3 %) 49 (23.1 %) 4 (10.5 %) Pacific Islander 177 (21.1 %) 81 (20.0 %) 10 (14.7 %) White 9,488 (24.3 %) 5,018 (25.5 %) 619 (16.2 %) Total 39,676 (22.2 %) 17,840 (25.3 %) 2,578 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. A yield rate refers to the proportion of searched individuals who officers found to be in possession of contraband or evidence. We define lower discretion searches as searches where officers provided one or more of the following reasons as the basis for conducting the search: incident to arrest, vehicle inventory, or search warrants. We define higher discretion searches as searches where the only listed search basis was “consent given.” A "yield" is when an officer discovers contraband or evidence in the possession of an individual who the officer searched.
Table 2.15.2 Yield rates by Race/Ethnicity without California Highway Patrol Data
Race/Ethnicity Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Asian 619 (20.4 %) 353 (20.2 %) 38 (14.6 %) Black 11,241 (22.2 %) 4,329 (26.2 %) 593 (10.3 %) Hispanic 16,248 (20.2 %) 6,990 (23.3 %) 1,229 (10.7 %) Middle Eastern/South Asian 395 (17.5 %) 215 (19.1 %) 41 (13.9 %) Multiracial 523 (21.2 %) 242 (24.8 %) 30 (10.2 %) Native American 61 (14.2 %) 30 (14.2 %) 4 (10.5 %) Pacific Islander 171 (20.4 %) 76 (18.8 %) 10 (14.7 %) White 8,880 (22.8 %) 4,604 (23.4 %) 618 (16.2 %) Total 38,138 (21.3 %) 16,839 (23.9 %) 2,563 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 2.15.1 for definition of yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 2.15.3 Yield rates by Race/Ethnicity for Officer-Initiated Stops
Race/Ethnicity Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Asian 519 (24.4 %) 299 (24.4 %) 35 (16.3 %) Black 9,601 (23.1 %) 3,297 (28.5 %) 552 (10.3 %) Hispanic 14,249 (21.5 %) 5,701 (25.7 %) 1,140 (10.8 %) Middle Eastern/South Asian 329 (20.3 %) 171 (22.2 %) 37 (14.4 %) Multiracial 444 (23.4 %) 195 (29.1 %) 26 (9.9 %) Native American 61 (18.1 %) 35 (22.7 %) 4 (11.1 %) Pacific Islander 135 (22.2 %) 55 (19.6 %) 8 (14.3 %) White 7,292 (25.8 %) 3,699 (26.9 %) 519 (16.6 %) Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 2.15.1 for definition of yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 2.15.4 Yield rates by Race/Ethnicity for Officer-Initiated Stops without California Highway Patrol Data
Race/Ethnicity Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Asian 476 (15.7 %) 270 (15.4 %) 35 (13.5 %) Black 9,439 (18.6 %) 3,201 (19.4 %) 551 (9.5 %) Hispanic 13,668 (17.0 %) 5,342 (17.8 %) 1,128 (9.9 %) Middle Eastern/South Asian 301 (13.3 %) 153 (13.6 %) 37 (12.6 %) Multiracial 418 (17.0 %) 181 (18.6 %) 26 (8.9 %) Native American 41 (9.5 %) 18 (8.5 %) 4 (10.5 %) Pacific Islander 129 (15.4 %) 50 (12.3 %) 8 (11.8 %) White 6,742 (17.3 %) 3,335 (17.0 %) 518 (13.6 %) Total 31,214 (17.4 %) 12,550 (17.8 %) 2,307 (10.5 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 2.15.1 for definition of yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 2.15.5 Yield rates by Race/Ethnicity for Call for Service Stops
Race/Ethnicity Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Asian 145 (15.8 %) 85 (16.3 %) 3 (6.7 %) Black 1,812 (20.0 %) 1,136 (23.1 %) 42 (10.5 %) Hispanic 2,626 (18.9 %) 1,682 (21.6 %) 102 (12.1 %) Middle Eastern/South Asian 95 (14.9 %) 63 (17.6 %) 4 (10.8 %) Multiracial 108 (19.1 %) 63 (20.7 %) 4 (12.9 %) Native American 22 (23.4 %) 14 (24.1 %) 0 (0.0 %) Pacific Islander 42 (18.3 %) 26 (20.8 %) 2 (16.7 %) White 2,196 (20.5 %) 1,319 (22.2 %) 100 (14.5 %) Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 2.15.1 for definition of yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 2.15.6 Yield rates by Race/Ethnicity for Call for Service Stops without California Highway Patrol Data
Agency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Asian 143 (16.0 %) 83 (16.7 %) 3 (6.7 %) Black 1,802 (20.1 %) 1,128 (23.3 %) 42 (10.5 %) Hispanic 2,580 (19.1 %) 1,648 (22.2 %) 101 (12.0 %) Middle Eastern/South Asian 94 (15.1 %) 62 (17.9 %) 4 (10.8 %) Multiracial 105 (19.1 %) 61 (20.9 %) 4 (12.9 %) Native American 20 (23.3 %) 12 (24.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Pacific Islander 42 (18.8 %) 26 (21.8 %) 2 (16.7 %) White 2,138 (20.8 %) 1,269 (22.9 %) 100 (14.6 %) Total 6,924 (19.7 %) 4,289 (22.5 %) 256 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 2.15.1 for definition of yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 2.15.7 Overall Yield rate by Race/Ethnicity by Search Basis
Search Basis Asian Black Hispanic Middle
Eastern/So uth Asian
Multiracial Native American
Pacific Islander White
Consent given** 25.6% (579)
19.3% (13,379)
18.3% (24,665)
19.9% (568)
20.4% (996)
13.5% (96)
19.0% (158)
23.4% (8,811)
Officer safety/safety of others 21.4% (795)
21.3% (16,546)
19.7% (25,848)
13.9% (634)
18.4% (862)
13.3% (128)
18.6% (215)
20.0% (9,896)
Search warrant* 62.0% (121)
50.0% (530)
52.2% (1,115)
56.1% (41)
60.0% (20)
50.0% (6)
20.7% (29)
54.8% (535)
Condition of parole/ probation/ 21.1% 19.1% 17.6% 15.0% 19.8% 14.9% 20.0% 27.6% PRCS/ mandatory supervision (336) (12,089) (14,820) (247) (445) (94) (170) (7,314)
Suspected weapons 36.6% (202)
34.1% (6,471)
30.7% (7,728)
29.9% (167)
32.9% (225)
21.3% (47)
30.8% (78)
34.9% (2,156)
Visible contraband 92.8% (111)
79.2% (3,452)
82.4% (3,589)
83.8% (74)
82.7% (133)
72.7% (11)
89.2% (37)
87.7% (1,527)
Odor of contraband 65.9% (88)
55.8% (4,328)
55.3% (3,707)
54.0% (63)
50.5% (184)
62.5% (8)
57.1% (28)
60.6% (686)
Canine detection 50.0% (10)
61.1% (36)
63.8% (199)
100.0% (1)
100.0% (5)
0.0% (2)
0% (0)
65.6% (61)
Evidence of crime 62.4% (189)
54.3% (2,695)
55.9% (4,514)
46.6% (118)
56.7% (203)
82.4% (17)
62.5% (40)
63.5% (2,253)
Incident to arrest* 19.6% (1,594)
26.7% (15,224)
24.0% (27,500)
19.5% (1,049)
25.8% (911)
23.0% (204)
20.1% (364)
24.8% (18,636)
Exigent circumstances/emergency 32.0% (25)
34.1% (170)
31.4% (325)
55.6% (9)
60.0% (10)
50.0% (2)
100.0% (1)
28.0% (168)
Vehicle inventory* 35.8% (95)
32.3% (1,463)
31.3% (2,677)
32.9% (85)
37.5% (80)
27.3% (11)
22.7% (22)
40.1% (1,176)
Suspected violation of school 50.0% 28.6% 57.1% 0% 0% 0% 100.0% 82.8% policy (2) (7) (28) (0) (0) (0) (1) (29) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. This table represents overall yield rates; see table 2.15.1 for definition of yield rates. * indicates fields included in the lower-discretion category for the officer discretion level variable in the search yield rate analyses. ** indicates the field included in the higher-discretion category for the officer discretion level variable in the search yield rate analyses.
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Table 2.15.8 Yield Rate for Alternative Higher Discretion Categorization
SEARCH DISCRETION
Asian Black Hispanic
RACE/ETHNICITY
Middle Eastern/ South Asian Multiracial
Native American
Pacific Islander White
Higher 103
12.9% 1870
10.9% 3555
11.9% 84
11.1% 93
11.3% 9
7.6% 32
14.4% 1444
13.8%
Total 799
100% 17099 100%
29837 100%
760 100%
824 100%
118 100%
222 100%
10499 100%
Note. - Terry Searches include those justified as a protective search (pat search) for weapons based on reasonable belief that the person is dangerous or carrying a weapon. RIPA regulations do not include a data element that directly corresponds to a Terry Search, but does include officer safety and suspected weapon as possible search bases. Thus, an alternate “higher” discretion scheme is provided that includes searches based on consent, officer safety, or suspected weapon while excluding all other potential search bases.
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Table 2.16.1 Percentage of Searched Individuals that were Arrested or Cited, by Race/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity All Searched Individuals Asian Black Hispanic Middle Eastern/South Asian Multiracial Native American Pacific Islander White
420 (30.1%) 7,330 (21.2%)
13,484 (26.3%) 322 (27.6%) 474 (31.4%) 70 (31.2%)
132 (28.6%) 6,509 (33.0%)
Table 2.16.2 Percentage of Searched Individuals Subjected to Officer-Initiated Stops that were Arrested or Cited, by Race/ Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity All Searched Individuals Asian Black Hispanic Middle Eastern/South Asian Multiracial Native American Pacific Islander White
325 (33.1%) 6,348 (20.9%)
11,963 (26.5%) 262 (29.6%) 392 (31.5%) 59 (31.7%)
108 (30.3%) 5,345 (35.8%)
Total 24,802 (26.4%)
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Table 2.16.3 Percentage of Searched Individuals Subjected to Call for Service Stops that were Arrested or Cited, by Race/ Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity All Searched Individuals Asian Black Hispanic Middle Eastern/South Asian Multiracial Native American Pacific Islander White
95 (22.9%) 982 (23.6%)
1,521 (24.5%) 60 (21.3%) 82 (31.2%) 11 (28.9%) 24 (23.1%)
1,164 (24.1%) Total 3,939 (24.2%)
Table 2.16.4 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity
Custodial Arrests Citation for In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infraction and Release Warrant With a Warrant White 68,312 (68.7%) 57,261 (57.6%) 8,503 (8.6%) 2,503 (2.5%) 430 (0.4%) Hispanic 139,821 (51.6%) 99,837 (36.8%) 16,358 (6.0%) 18,455 (6.8%) 7,638 (2.8%) Black 442,320 (61.8%) 348,770 (48.7%) 45,623 (6.4%) 41,203 (5.8%) 12,464 (1.7%) Asian 54,404 (68.1%) 49,065 (61.4%) 3,751 (4.7%) 1,617 (2.0%) 262 (0.3%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 12,492 (58.8%) 9,754 (45.9%) 1,209 (5.7%) 1,252 (5.9%) 505 (2.4%) Pacific Islander 2,058 (53.0%) 1,475 (38.0%) 199 (5.1%) 318 (8.2%) 124 (3.2%) Native American 6,542 (61.8%) 5,133 (48.5%) 764 (7.2%) 540 (5.1%) 183 (1.7%) Multiracial 359,516 (60.1%) 295,569 (49.4%) 33,863 (5.7%) 25,896 (4.3%) 8,897 (1.5%) Total 1,085,465 (60.3%) 866,864 (48.2%) 110,270 (6.1%) 91,784 (5.1%) 30,503 (1.7%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Table 2.16.5. Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity Without California Highway Patrol Data
Custodial Arrests Citation for In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infraction and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 22,570 (67.6%) 12,943 (38.7%) 8,230 (24.6%) 1,322 (4.0%) 389 (1.2%) Black 72,295 (43.0%) 37,249 (22.2%) 14,879 (8.9%) 14,918 (8.9%) 7,125 (4.2%) Hispanic 164,396 (52.0%) 90,027 (28.5%) 41,051 (13.0%) 25,570 (8.1%) 11,535 (3.7%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 14,247 (64.9%) 9,800 (44.7%) 3,561 (16.2%) 882 (4.0%) 238 (1.1%) Multiracial 4,325 (47.5%) 2,044 (22.4%) 1,089 (12.0%) 880 (9.7%) 465 (5.1%) Native American 607 (44.8%) 272 (20.1%) 137 (10.1%) 135 (10.0%) 96 (7.1%) Pacific Islander 2,178 (54.4%) 1,059 (26.4%) 700 (17.5%) 307 (7.7%) 166 (4.1%) White 117,551 (55.2%) 66,195 (31.1%) 30,847 (14.5%) 16,221 (7.6%) 7,892 (3.7%) Total 398,169 (51.9%) 219,589 (28.6%) 100,494 (13.1%) 60,235 (7.9%) 27,906 (3.6%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 2.16.6 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for Officer-Initiated Stops
Custodial Arrests Citation for In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infraction and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 67,176 (69.4%) 56,995 (58.9%) 8,309 (8.6%) 1,902 (2.0%) 324 (0.3%) Black 131,234 (52.2%) 98,875 (39.3%) 15,368 (6.1%) 12,889 (5.1%) 6,168 (2.5%) Hispanic 427,458 (62.3%) 346,226 (50.5%) 44,152 (6.4%) 31,681 (4.6%) 10,595 (1.5%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 53,638 (68.6%) 48,867 (62.5%) 3,669 (4.7%) 1,178 (1.5%) 200 (0.3%) Multiracial 11,867 (59.8%) 9,684 (48.8%) 1,099 (5.5%) 881 (4.4%) 402 (2.0%) Native American 1,967 (53.7%) 1,465 (40.0%) 190 (5.2%) 259 (7.1%) 107 (2.9%) Pacific Islander 6,299 (62.7%) 5,094 (50.7%) 725 (7.2%) 401 (4.0%) 147 (1.5%) White 348,275 (61.2%) 293,650 (51.6%) 32,546 (5.7%) 19,161 (3.4%) 7,170 (1.3%) Total 1,047,914 (61.1%) 860,856 (50.2%) 106,058 (6.2%) 68,352 (4.0%) 25,113 (1.5%)
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Table 2.16.7 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for Officer-Initiated Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Custodial Arrests Citation for In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infraction and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 21,631 (69.7%) 12,811 (41.3%) 8,044 (25.9%) 781 (2.5%) 283 (0.9%) Black 64,186 (43.1%) 36,504 (24.5%) 13,927 (9.4%) 9,563 (6.4%) 5,679 (3.8%) Hispanic 151,777 (52.5%) 88,545 (30.6%) 39,724 (13.7%) 17,101 (5.9%) 9,699 (3.4%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 13,634 (66.6%) 9,707 (47.4%) 3,483 (17.0%) 486 (2.4%) 177 (0.9%) Multiracial 3,757 (48.0%) 1,998 (25.5%) 984 (12.6%) 536 (6.9%) 365 (4.7%) Native American 541 (45.8%) 270 (22.9%) 132 (11.2%) 90 (7.6%) 80 (6.8%) Pacific Islander 1,963 (56.0%) 1,030 (29.4%) 666 (19.0%) 181 (5.2%) 132 (3.8%) White 108,379 (57.8%) 65,212 (34.8%) 29,662 (15.8%) 10,468 (5.6%) 6,220 (3.3%) Total 365,868 (53.1%) 216,077 (31.3%) 96,622 (14.0%) 39,206 (5.7%) 22,635 (3.3%)
Table 2.16.8 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for Call for Service Stops
Custodial Arrests Citation for In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infraction and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 1,136 (41.9%) 266 (9.8%) 194 (7.2%) 601 (22.2%) 106 (3.9%) Black 8,587 (43.2%) 962 (4.8%) 990 (5.0%) 5,566 (28.0%) 1,470 (7.4%) Hispanic 14,862 (49.5%) 2,544 (8.5%) 1,471 (4.9%) 9,522 (31.7%) 1,869 (6.2%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 766 (43.9%) 198 (11.3%) 82 (4.7%) 439 (25.1%) 62 (3.6%) Multiracial 625 (45.0%) 70 (5.0%) 110 (7.9%) 371 (26.7%) 103 (7.4%) Native American 91 (41.4%) 10 (4.5%) 9 (4.1%) 59 (26.8%) 17 (7.7%) Pacific Islander 243 (45.3%) 39 (7.3%) 39 (7.3%) 139 (25.9%) 36 (6.7%) White 11,241 (38.9%) 1,919 (6.6%) 1,317 (4.6%) 6,735 (23.3%) 1,727 (6.0%) Total 37,551 (44.0%) 6,008 (7.0%) 4,212 (4.9%) 23,432 (27.4%) 5,390 (6.3%)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Table 2.16.9. Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for Call for Service Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Custodial Arrests Citation for In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infraction and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 939 (39.7%) 132 (5.6%) 186 (7.9%) 541 (22.9%) 106 (4.5%) Black 8,109 (42.5%) 745 (3.9%) 952 (5.0%) 5,355 (28.1%) 1,446 (7.6%) Hispanic 12,619 (46.9%) 1,482 (5.5%) 1,327 (4.9%) 8,469 (31.5%) 1,836 (6.8%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 613 (41.7%) 93 (6.3%) 78 (5.3%) 396 (26.9%) 61 (4.1%) Multiracial 568 (44.1%) 46 (3.6%) 105 (8.2%) 344 (26.7%) 100 (7.8%) Native American 66 (37.7%) 2 (1.1%) 5 (2.9%) 45 (25.7%) 16 (9.1%) Pacific Islander 215 (43.2%) 29 (5.8%) 34 (6.8%) 126 (25.3%) 34 (6.8%) White 9,172 (36.3%) 983 (3.9%) 1,185 (4.7%) 5,753 (22.8%) 1,672 (6.6%) Total 32,301 (42.0%) 3,512 (4.6%) 3,872 (5.0%) 21,029 (27.3%) 5,271 (6.8%)
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Subsection 3: Gender Tables
Table 3.1 Number of Individuals Stopped by Gender
Gender Count %
Female 509,957 28.3%
Gender Nonconforming 632 0.0%
Male 1,286,774 71.5%
Transgender Man/Boy 1,783 0.1%
Transgender Woman/Girl 908 0.1%
Total 1,800,054 100.0%
Note. Percentages were calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
Table 3.2 Stop Circumstance by Gender
Gender Officer Initiated Calls for Service
Count % Count %
Female 488,174 95.70% 21,783 4.3%
Gender Nonconforming 489 77.40% 143 22.6%
Male 1,223,883 95.10% 62,891 4.9%
Transgender Man/Boy 1,443 80.90% 340 19.1%
Transgender Woman/Girl 687 75.70% 221 24.3%
Total 1,714,676 95.3% 85,378 4.7%
Note. Percentages are based off total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
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Table 3.3.1 Reason for Stop by Gender
Gender Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Total
Female 88.0% 9.2% 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 509,957
Gender Nonconforming 53.6% 37.5% 0.5% 2.4% 2.1% 4.0% - - 632
Male 83.6% 12.2% 0.8% 0.7% 0.3% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 1,286,774
Transgender Man/Boy 44.3% 48.8% 1.2% 1.6% 0.7% 3.4% - - 1,783
Transgender Woman/Girl 38.7% 53.6% 1.3% 3.2% 0.1% 3.1% - - 908
Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 3.3.2 Traffic Violation Types by Gender
Female
Gender Moving
69.0%
Equipment
10.9%
Non-moving
20.2%
Identity Group Total
448,558
Gender Nonconforming 64.6% 21.5% 13.9% 339
Male 64.4% 16.1% 19.5% 1,075,818
Transgender Man/Boy 63.9% 18.3% 17.9% 789
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Transgender Woman/Girl 55.8% 22.5% 21.7% 351
Total 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,525,855
Note. Frequencies are based off total number of individuals stopped for a traffic violation (N = 1,525,8553) per identity group (Identity Group Total” column).
Table 3.3.3 Reason for Stop Reasonable Suspicion Breakdown by Gender
Officer Engaging Identity Match Witness/ Carry Suspect Witness Drug In a Group Gender Susp Victim Suspicious Casing Acting as a Other Commiss Transaction Violent Total Descr Identific Weapon Lookout Crime Crime Female 35.6% 26.7% 15.1% 0.6% 0.9% 0.4% 1.1% 0.7% 28.9% 47,169
Gender 33.3% 39.7% 15.2% 3.0% 1.7% 1.3% 1.3% 2.1% 23.6% 237 Nonconforming Male 37.1% 29.3% 14.2% 2.0% 1.4% 0.7% 1.5% 0.7% 25.7% 156,730
Transgender 40.2% 27.4% 19.5% 1.1% 1.1% 0.6% 1.4% 0.9% 23.3% 870 Man/Boy Transgender 40.2% 32.0% 19.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 1.0% 0.4% 20.3% 487 Woman/Girl Reasonable 36.8% 28.7% 14.5% 1.6% 1.3% 0.6% 1.4% 0.7% 26.4% 205,493 Suspicion Total Note. Reasonable suspicion subcategory percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who were stopped for reasonable suspicion (N = 205,493) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Abbreviation for Reason for Stop left to right. Officer Witness Commiss Crime= Officer Witness Commission of a Crime, Match Susp Descr= Matched Suspect Description, Witness/Victim Identific= Witness/Victim Identification.
3 While 1,525,853 individuals were stopped for traffic violations, due to a system error 1,525,855 (i.e. two more) individuals had a response for traffic violation type and are reported in the data.
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Table 3.3.4 Reason for Stop by Stop Circumstance and Gender
Gender Stop Circumstance
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Count
Female
Officer Initiated Call for Service
91.2%
15.7%
6.5%
70.5%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
2.2%
0.2%
2.8%
1.3%
8.2%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
488,174
21,783
Gender Officer Initiated 68.1% 23.3% 0.4% 2.5% 2.5% 3.3% - - 489
Nonconforming Call for Service 4.2% 86.0% 0.7% 2.1% 0.7% 6.3% - - 143
Male
Officer Initiated Call for Service
87.2%
14.5%
9.0%
73.4%
0.7%
1.0%
0.7%
2.2%
0.2%
2.1%
2.2%
6.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1,223,883
62,891
Transgender Officer Initiated 53.4% 39.5% 1.3% 1.7% 0.6% 3.5% - - 1,443
Man/Boy Call for Service 5.6% 88.2% 0.9% 0.9% 1.2% 3.2% - - 340
Transgender Officer Initiated 49.2% 43.2% 1.6% 3.5% 0.1% 2.3% - - 687
Woman/Girl Call for Service 5.9% 86.0% 0.5% 2.3% - 5.4% - - 221
Total
Officer Initiated Call for Service
88.3%
14.8%
8.4%
72.8%
0.6%
0.9%
0.6%
2.2%
0.2%
2.2%
1.9%
7.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1,714,676
85,378
Overall Total 84.80% 11.40% 0.60% 0.70% 0.30% 2.20% 0.00% 0.00% 1,800,054
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Determine Parole/ Possible Consensual Whether Probation/ Conduct Identity Stop Traffic Reason Encounter Student Gender PRCS/ Warrant Truant Under Group Total Circumstance Violation Suspicion Resulting Violated Mandatory Educate Count in Search School Supervision Code* Policy* Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 3.4 Actions Taken During Stop by Gender
Female Gender Male Transgender Transgender Total Nonconforming Man/Boy Woman/Girl
Removed from Vehicle by Order 2.5% 6.0% 4.3% 7.7% 8.6% 3.8%
Removed from Vehicle by 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% Physical Contact Field Sobriety Test 1.1% 0.9% 1.5% 2.0% 1.1% 1.4%
Curbside Detention 4.1% 22.9% 6.0% 16.6% 18.9% 5.5%
Handcuffed 4.8% 16.9% 8.1% 29.8% 29.5% 7.2%
Patrol Car Detention 2.9% 8.9% 4.6% 12.2% 13.8% 4.1%
Canine Search 0.0% - 0.1% - 0.1% 0.0%
Firearm Point 0.2% - 0.4% 1.1% 2.0% 0.3%
Firearm Discharge 0.0% - 0.0% - - 0.0%
Electronic Control Device 0.0% - 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%
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Female Gender Male Transgender Transgender Total Nonconforming Man/Boy Woman/Girl
Impact Projectile Discharge 0.0% - 0.0% 0.1% - 0.0%
Canine Bite 0.0% - 0.0% - - 0.0%
Baton 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% - - 0.0%
Chemical Spray 0.0% - 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0%
Other Physical of Vehicle 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.6% 0.6% 0.3% Contact Person Photographed 0.6% 1.9% 0.6% 2.1% 2.2% 0.6%
Asked for Consent to Search 0.9% 3.2% 2.6% 3.5% 2.4% 2.1% Person Searched Person 4.4% 16.9% 11.0% 32.0% 26.0% 9.2%
Asked for Consent to Search 0.7% 1.9% 1.3% 2.2% 2.4% 1.1% Property Searched Property 2.5% 8.5% 4.6% 12.7% 14.8% 4.0%
Property Seized 0.5% 3.0% 0.8% 1.5% 2.8% 0.7%
Vehicle Impound 0.8% 1.6% 1.2% 1.6% 2.0% 1.1%
Admission/ Written Statement 0.0% - 0.0% - - 0.0% Obtained from Student * No Action Taken 87.6% 53.6% 79.9% 43.2% 45.5% 82.0%
Search Person Consent Given 94.6% 95.0% 91.2% 75.8% 90.9% 91.6%
Search Property Consent given 90.9% 91.7% 87.6% 74.4% 95.5% 88.2%
Identity Group Total 509,957 632 1,286,774 1,783 908 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 3.5 Basis for Search by Gender
Female Gender Male Transgender Transgender Total Nonconforming Man/Boy Woman/Girl
Consent Given 21.2% 22.5% 28.7% 20.1% 15.8% 27.5% Officer Safety/ Safety of Others 24.3% 40.8% 31.8% 33.5% 29.7% 30.7% Search Warrant 3.1% 0.8% 1.0% 0.5% 2.2% 1.3% Condition of Parole/ Probation/ 12.5% 9.2% 21.2% 15.3% 14.3% 19.8% PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision Suspected Weapon 5.1% 15.0% 10.3% 10.1% 5.1% 9.5% Visible Contraband 4.2% 4.2% 5.1% 4.0% 4.8% 5.0% Odor of Contraband 3.3% 5.0% 5.4% 1.7% 1.5% 5.1% Canine Detection 0.2% - 0.2% - 0.4% 0.2% Evidence of Crime 6.6% 12.5% 5.4% 7.6% 9.5% 5.6% Incident to Arrest 51.2% 46.7% 33.9% 45.4% 54.2% 36.6% Exigent 0.5% - 0.4% 0.5% 0.0% 0.4% Circumstances/Emergency Vehicle Inventory 4.1% 5.8% 3.0% 1.5% 3.7% 3.1% Suspected Violation of School 0.0% - 0.0% - - 0.0% Policy* Identity Group Total 26,962 120 151,014 606 273 178,975 Note. Basis for search frequencies were calculated based off the number of individuals who had a person and/or property search (N = 178,975) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 3.6 Contraband or Evidence Discovered by Gender
Female Gender Nonconforming Male Transgender
Man/Boy Transgender Woman/Girl Total
None 97.9% 92.1% 96.1% 90.5% 89.8% 96.6%
Firearm(s) 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.6% 0.2%
Ammunition 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1%
Weapon(s) Other than 0.1% 1.1% 0.4% 1.2% 1.5% 0.3% a Firearm Drugs/Narcotics 0.8% 2.7% 1.6% 3.3% 4.0% 1.3%
Alcohol 0.4% 1.6% 0.9% 1.5% 1.7% 0.8%
Money 0.1% 0.5% 0.2% 0.3% 0.6% 0.1%
Drug Paraphernalia 0.5% 1.9% 0.8% 2.0% 2.5% 0.7%
Stolen Property 0.2% 1.4% 0.2% 0.9% 0.7% 0.2%
Cell Phones or 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.7% 0.1% Electronic Devices Other Contraband or 0.3% 1.7% 0.4% 1.5% 1.1% 0.4% Evidence Identity Group Total 509,957 632 1,286,774 1,783 908 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row).
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Table 3.7 Basis fo
Gender
r Property Sei
Safekeeping
zure by Gender
Contraband Evidence Impound of Vehicle
Abandoned Property
Suspected Violation of
School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Female 10.2% 36.5% 70.4% 17.0% 0.4% 0.2% 2,448 Gender 31.6% 21.1% 47.4% 15.8% - - 19 Nonconforming Male 10.1% 37.1% 73.5% 15.1% 0.8% 0.2% 10,262 Transgender 7.7% 46.2% 69.2% 11.5% - - 26 Man/Boy Transgender 16.0% 28.0% 76.0% 8.0% - - 25 Woman/Girl Total 10.2% 37.0% 72.9% 15.5% 0.7% 0.2% 12,780 Note. Basis for property seizure percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 3.8 Type of Property of Seized by Gender
Female Gender Male Transgender Transgender Total Nonconforming Man/Boy Woman/Girl
Firearm(s) 6.8% 5.3% 11.8% 7.7% 24.0% 10.9% Ammunition 5.3% 5.3% 8.8% - 20.0% 8.1% Weapon(s) Other than a 9.3% 15.8% 11.0% 11.5% 12.0% 10.7% Firearm Drugs/Narcotics 39.8% 26.3% 39.3% 30.8% 32.0% 39.3% Alcohol 1.7% - 2.2% - 4.0% 2.1% Money 8.4% 5.3% 10.0% 7.7% 16.0% 9.7% Drug Paraphernalia 28.3% 10.5% 24.9% 30.8% 24.0% 25.6% Suspected Stolen 12.6% 26.3% 10.5% 7.7% 12.0% 10.9% Property Cell phone(s) or 9.6% 5.3% 10.1% 7.7% 12.0% 10.0% Electronic Device(s) Vehicle 14.2% 10.5% 11.8% 3.8% 8.0% 12.3% Other Contraband or 21.5% 42.1% 22.3% 19.2% 32.0% 22.2% Evidence Identity Group Total 2,448 19 10,262 26 25 12,780 Note. Type of property seized percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group “Identity Group Total” row). Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 3.9.1 Result of Stop by Gender
Female Gender Male Transgender Transgender Total Nonconforming Man/Boy Woman/Girl
No Action 11.2% 20.3% 13.2% 13.7% 15.6% 12.6%
Warning 22.9% 18.8% 24.2% 22.0% 20.8% 23.8%
Citation for Infraction 51.8% 24.7% 46.8% 23.1% 21.3% 48.2%
In-Field Cite and Release 7.3% 13.4% 5.6% 4.2% 6.3% 6.1%
Custodial Arrest Pursuant 1.2% 5.4% 1.9% 5.3% 7.0% 1.7% to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without 4.0% 10.3% 5.5% 17.3% 15.2% 5.1% Warrant Field Interview Card 3.3% 8.1% 5.9% 25.9% 22.6% 5.2% Completed Noncriminal Transport or 0.3% 2.4% 0.3% 1.1% 1.1% 0.3% Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% Guardian Psychiatric Hold 0.8% 2.7% 0.5% 3.3% 4.2% 0.6%
Referred to U.S. 0.0% - 0.0% 0.1% - 0.0% Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* 0.0% - 0.0% - - 0.0%
Referral to School 0.0% - 0.0% - - 0.0% Counselor*
Identity Group Total 509,957 632 1,286,774 1,783 908 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 62: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
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Table 3.9.2 Result of Stop by Stop Circumstance and Gender
Gender Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% No Action 10.7% 21.3% 56,994 11.2% Warning 23.3% 13.0% 116,687 22.9% Citation for Infraction 53.8% 7.9% 264,148 51.8% In-Field Cite and Release 7.4% 5.7% 37,433 7.3% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.0% 5.6% 6,227 1.2% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 3.0% 25.6% 20,375 4.0%
Female Field Interview Card Completed 2.7% 15.9% 16,810 3.3% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.1% 3.6% 1,478 0.3% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.3% 824 0.2% Psychiatric Hold 0.3% 10.4% 3,903 0.8% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 21 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 78 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 17 0.0% No Action 17.0% 31.5% 128 20.3% Warning 20.4% 13.3% 119 18.8% Citation for Infraction 31.1% 2.8% 156 24.7% In-Field Cite and Release 15.3% 7.0% 85 13.4%
Gender Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 5.3% 5.6% 34 5.4% Nonconforming Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 7.4% 20.3% 65 10.3%
Field Interview Card Completed 7.8% 9.1% 51 8.1% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.2% 9.8% 15 2.4% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.2% - 1 0.2% Psychiatric Hold 1.2% 7.7% 17 2.7%
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Gender Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
--
--
--
--
Referral to School Counselor* - - - -
Male
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
12.7% 24.6% 48.8% 5.7% 1.6% 4.3% 5.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
22.0% 14.9% 6.8% 4.6% 6.6% 28.1% 18.3% 2.8% 0.9% 5.7% 0.0% 0.1%
169,821 311,069 601,956 72,620 24,084 70,897 76,006 3,501 1,592 6,135
75 178
13.2% 24.2% 46.8% 5.6% 1.9% 5.5% 5.9% 0.3% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 42 0.0% No Action 14.1% 12.4% 245 13.7% Warning 22.8% 18.5% 392 22.0% Citation for Infraction 26.9% 6.8% 411 23.1%
Transgender In-Field Cite and Release 4.4% 3.5% 75 4.2% Man/Boy Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 4.9% 6.8% 94 5.3%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 14.8% 27.9% 309 17.3% Field Interview Card Completed 24.2% 33.2% 462 25.9% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.6% 3.2% 19 1.1%
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Gender Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.2% 1.6% 0.1%
-
-10.6% 0.3%
-
3 59 2 -
0.2% 3.3% 0.1%
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 14.1% 20.4% 142 15.6% Warning Citation for Infraction
23.1% 27.1%
13.6% 3.2%
189 193
20.8% 21.3%
In-Field Cite and Release 6.3% 6.3% 57 6.3%
Transgender Woman/Girl
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
7.0% 10.6% 22.4% 0.3%
-2.3%
--
7.2% 29.4% 23.1% 3.6% 0.9% 10.0%
--
64 138 205 10 2 38 --
7.0% 15.2% 22.6% 1.1% 0.2% 4.2%
--
Referral to School Counselor* - - - -
Total
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
12.2% 24.3% 50.2% 6.2% 1.5% 4.0%
21.8% 14.4% 7.0% 4.9% 6.3% 27.4%
227,330 428,456 866,864 110,270 30,503 91,784
12.6% 23.8% 48.2% 6.1% 1.7% 5.1%
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Gender Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
4.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
17.8% 3.1% 1.0% 6.9% 0.0% 0.1%
93,534 5,023 2,422 10,152
98 256
5.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 59 0.0% Stop Circumstance Total 1,714,676 85,378 1,800,054
Note. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 66: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
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Table 3.10 Gender Breakdown by Officer Assignment Type
Gender Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School Other Total
Female Gender Nonconforming Male Transgender Man/Boy Transgender Woman/Girl
Count
490,132
584
1,188,953
1,587
828
%
29.1%
0.0%
70.7%
0.1%
0.0%
Count
4,722
14
27,991
85
29
%
14.4%
0.0%
85.2%
0.3%
0.1%
Count
2,168
-
5,489
47
21
%
28.1%
-
71.1%
0.6%
0.3%
Count
650
3
1,057
-
1
%
38.0%
0.2%
61.8%
-
0.1%
Count
12,285
31
63,284
64
29
%
16.2%
0.0%
83.6%
0.1%
0.0%
509,957
632
1,286,774
1,783
908
Total 1,682,084 93.4% 32,841 1.8% 7,725 0.4% 1,711 0.1% 75,693 4.2% 1,800,054 Note. Percentage in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are in reference to the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
![Page 67: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
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Table 3.11 Reason for Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Gender
Gender Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Female Patrol 89.0% 8.5% 0.2% 0.5% 0.3% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 490,132 Gang Enforcement 67.0% 20.4% 5.1% 2.5% 1.0% 3.9% - - 4,722
Narcotics 16.9% 75.8% 0.8% 2.3% - 4.2% - - 2,168 K-12 Public School 54.2% 22.5% 0.5% 1.4% 4.3% 9.4% 2.6% 5.2% 650
Other 67.4% 22.3% 1.2% 4.4% 0.6% 4.1% - 0.1% 12,285 Gender Patrol 53.6% 38.9% 0.3% 2.1% 1.9% 3.3% - - 584 Nonconforming Gang
Enforcement 64.3% 7.1% 7.1% 14.3% - 7.1% - - 14
Narcotics - - - - - - - - -K-12 Public School 33.3% - - - 33.3% 33.3% - - 3
Other 51.6% 29.0% - 3.2% 3.2% 12.9% - - 31 Male Patrol 84.9% 11.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.3% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 1,188,953
Gang Enforcement 56.5% 27.0% 8.8% 1.7% 0.6% 5.5% - - 27,991
Narcotics 26.7% 65.2% 1.3% 2.6% - 4.2% - - 5,489 K-12 Public School 35.0% 39.2% 0.4% 1.8% 4.4% 9.5% 2.5% 7.3% 1,057
Other 76.6% 13.7% 1.2% 1.7% 0.3% 6.5% 0.0% 0.0% 63,284 Transgender Patrol 45.4% 48.0% 0.9% 1.4% 0.7% 3.7% - - 1,587 Man/Boy Gang
Enforcement 64.7% 24.7% 5.9% 1.2% 1.2% 2.4% - - 85
Narcotics 6.4% 93.6% - - - - - - 47
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Gender Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
K-12 Public - - - - - - - - -School Other 17.2% 68.8% 4.7% 6.3% 1.6% 1.6% - - 64
Transgender Patrol 38.9% 53.6% 0.8% 3.4% 0.1% 3.1% - - 828 Woman/Girl Gang
Enforcement 65.5% 20.7% 13.8% - - - - - 29
Narcotics - 100.0% - - - - - - 21 K-12 Public School - - - - - 100.0% - - 1
Other 34.5% 55.2% 3.4% 3.4% - 3.4% - - 29 Patrol 86.1% 10.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,682,084
Officer Gang Enforcement 58.0% 26.0% 8.2% 1.8% 0.6% 5.3% - - 32,841
Assignment Narcotics 23.8% 68.5% 1.2% 2.5% - 4.1% - - 7,725 Type Total K-12 Public
School 42.3% 32.7% 0.4% 1.6% 4.4% 9.5% 2.5% 6.5% 1,711
Other 75.0% 15.2% 1.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 75,693 Overall Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
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Table 3.12 Result of Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Gender
Gender Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
No Action 10.8% 37.4% 8.9% 5.8% 17.1% 56,994 11.2% Warning 22.8% 29.9% 11.5% 10.5% 24.9% 116,687 22.9% Citation for Infraction 52.7% 9.3% 27.4% 49.7% 37.0% 264,148 51.8% In-Field Cite and Release 7.3% 2.1% 24.6% 18.2% 6.7% 37,433 7.3% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.1% 3.6% 4.6% 0.8% 3.1% 6,227 1.2%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 3.8% 5.5% 20.9% 3.5% 6.6% 20,375 4.0%
Female Field Interview Card Completed 3.0% 18.3% 16.4% 2.2% 7.8% 16,810 3.3% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 1.1% 0.4% 1,478 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 10.8% 0.4% 824 0.2%
Psychiatric Hold 0.8% 0.1% - 4.3% 0.8% 3,903 0.8% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - - 0.0% 21 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% - - 9.5% 0.1% 78 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% - - 2.3% - 17 0.0% No Action 19.5% 42.9% - - 25.8% 128 20.3% Warning 19.7% 21.4% - - 3.2% 119 18.8% Citation for Infraction 26.4% 7.1% - - 3.2% 156 24.7%
Gender In-Field Cite and Release 12.0% - - 66.7% 41.9% 85 13.4% Nonconforming Custodial Arrest Pursuant to
Outstanding Warrant 5.3% 14.3% - - 3.2% 34 5.4%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 10.4% 7.1% - - 9.7% 65 10.3%
Field Interview Card Completed 7.5% 7.1% - 33.3% 16.1% 51 8.1%
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Gender Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
2.6%
0.2%
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
1
2.4%
0.2%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
2.9%
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
2.7%
-
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
12.4% 24.2% 47.8% 5.8%
1.8%
5.5%
37.7% 28.2% 7.1% 1.4%
3.5%
6.0%
7.9% 18.6% 30.1% 23.8%
3.8%
13.8%
7.5% 10.9% 31.1% 27.5%
1.5%
7.5%
18.5% 22.6% 46.5% 3.2%
2.3%
4.6%
169,821 311,069 601,956 72,620
24,084
70,897
13.2% 24.2% 46.8% 5.6%
1.9%
5.5%
Male Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
5.4%
0.3%
0.1%
25.0%
0.1%
0.2%
14.5%
0.4%
0.0%
4.0%
2.1%
15.9%
5.4%
0.2%
0.1%
76,006
3,501
1,592
5.9%
0.3%
0.1%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
-
0.0%
-
-
-
2.0%
0.1%
14.0%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
6,135
75
178
0.5%
0.0%
0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.7% 0.0% 42 0.0%
Transgender Man/Boy
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction
13.6% 21.7% 24.3%
25.9% 38.8% 12.9%
2.1% 4.3% 14.9%
---
9.4% 20.3% 10.9%
245 392 411
13.7% 22.0% 23.1%
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Gender Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
In-Field Cite and Release 3.8% 1.2% 17.0% - 7.8% 75 4.2% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
5.2%
16.1%
4.7%
8.2%
2.1%
57.4%
-
-
9.4%
31.3%
94
309
5.3%
17.3%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
26.1%
1.1%
0.2%
21.2%
-
-
21.3%
-
-
-
-
-
29.7%
1.6%
-
462
19
3
25.9%
1.1%
0.2%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
3.7%
0.1%
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.6%
1.6%
-
59
2
-
3.3%
0.1%
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action 15.7% 20.7% - - 20.7% 142 15.6% Warning Citation for Infraction
21.0% 21.7%
27.6% 20.7%
-19.0%
--
24.1% 10.3%
189 193
20.8% 21.3%
In-Field Cite and Release 5.6% 3.4% 42.9% - 3.4% 57 6.3%
Transgender Woman/Girl
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
6.9%
15.2%
3.4%
10.3%
14.3%
19.0%
-
-
10.3%
17.2%
64
138
7.0%
15.2%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
22.5%
1.1%
0.1%
37.9%
-
3.4%
23.8%
-
-
-
100.0%
-
10.3%
-
-
205
10
2
22.6%
1.1%
0.2%
Psychiatric Hold 4.5% - - - 3.4% 38 4.2%
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Gender Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Referred to U.S. Department of - - - - - - -Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* - - - - - - -Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action 11.9% 37.6% 8.1% 6.8% 18.2% 227,330 12.6% Warning 23.8% 28.4% 16.4% 10.7% 23.0% 428,456 23.8% Citation for Infraction 49.2% 7.4% 29.2% 38.1% 44.9% 866,864 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 1.5% 24.0% 24.0% 3.8% 110,270 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.6% 3.5% 4.0% 1.2% 2.4% 30,503 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.0% 5.9% 16.1% 6.0% 4.9% 91,784 5.1%
Total Field Interview Card Completed 4.8% 24.0% 15.1% 3.3% 5.8% 93,534 5.2%
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 1.8% 0.2% 5,023 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 13.9% 0.2% 2,422 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.1% - 2.9% 0.3% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 98 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.3% 0.0% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Officer Assignment Type Total 1,682,084 32,841 7,725 1,711 75,693 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group per officer assignment type (see Table 3.10). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
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Table 3.13.1 Yield rates by Gender
Gender Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Female 6,087 (22.6 %) 3,434 (22.6 %) 374 (14.3 %) Gender Nonconforming 32 (26.7 %) 17 (27.0 %) 2 (28.6 %) Male 33,367 (22.1 %) 14,284 (26.0 %) 2,191 (11.4 %) Transgender Man/Boy 126 (20.8 %) 61 (21.9 %) 7 (12.3 %) Transgender Woman/Girl 64 (23.4 %) 44 (28.0 %) 4 (22.2 %) Total 39,676 (22.2 %) 17,840 (25.3 %) 2,578 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. A yield rate refers to the proportion of searched individuals who officers found to be in possession of contraband or evidence. We define lower discretion searches as searches where officers provided one or more of the following reasons as the basis for conducting the search: incident to arrest, vehicle inventory, or search warrants. We define higher discretion searches as searches where the only listed search basis was “consent given.” A “yield" is when an officer discovers contraband or evidence in the possession of an individual who the officer searched.
Table 3.13.2 Yield rates by Gender without California Highway Patrol Data
Gender Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Female 5,837 (23.6 %) 3,275 (24.9 %) 371 (14.3 %) Gender Nonconforming 32 (26.7 %) 17 (27.0 %) 2 (28.6 %) Male 32,080 (22.6 %) 13,443 (28.6 %) 2,179 (11.3 %) Transgender Man/Boy 126 (21.1 %) 61 (22.7 %) 7 (12.3 %) Transgender Woman/Girl 64 (23.5 %) 44 (28.2 %) 4 (22.2 %) Total 38,139 (22.7 %) 16,840 (27.8 %) 2,563 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 3.13.3 Yield rates by Gender for Officer-Initiated Stops Gender Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion
Female 4,789 (24.1 %) 2,561 (24.2 %) 319 (14.1 %) Gender Nonconforming 19 (28.4 %) 9 (25.0 %) 1 (20.0 %) Male 27,685 (22.6 %) 10,811 (27.2 %) 1,993 (11.3 %) Transgender Man/Boy 94 (21.8 %) 42 (22.0 %) 7 (13.5 %)
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Transgender Woman/Girl 43 (23.5 %) 29 (30.2 %) 1 (7.1 %) Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 3.13.4 Yield rates by Gender for Officer-Initiated Stops without California Highway Patrol Data
Gender Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Female 4,567 (25.6 %) 2,427 (27.8 %) 317 (14.1 %) Gender Nonconforming 19 (28.4 %) 9 (25.0 %) 1 (20.0 %) Male 26,492 (23.2 %) 10,044 (30.9 %) 1,981 (11.3 %) Transgender Man/Boy 94 (22.3 %) 42 (23.2 %) 7 (13.5 %) Transgender Woman/Girl 43 (23.6 %) 29 (30.5 %) 1 (7.1 %) Total 31,215 (23.5 %) 12,551 (30.2 %) 2,307 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 3.13.5 Yield rates by Gender for Call for Service Stops
Gender Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Female 1,298 (18.2 %) 873 (18.9 %) 55 (15.5 %) Gender Nonconforming 13 (24.5 %) 8 (29.6 %) 1 (50.0 %) Male 5,682 (19.8 %) 3,473 (22.8 %) 198 (11.7 %) Transgender Man/Boy 32 (18.3 %) 19 (21.6 %) 0 (0.0 %) Transgender Woman/Girl 21 (23.3 %) 15 (24.6 %) 3 (75.0 %) Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 3.13.6 Yield rates by Gender for Call for Service Stops without California Highway Patrol Data
Gender Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Female 1,270 (18.4 %) 848 (19.2 %) 54 (15.3 %) Gender Nonconforming 13 (24.5 %) 8 (29.6 %) 1 (50.0 %) Male 5,588 (20.0 %) 3,399 (23.4 %) 198 (11.7 %) Transgender Man/Boy 32 (18.3 %) 19 (21.6 %) 0 (0.0 %) Transgender Woman/Girl 21 (23.3 %) 15 (24.6 %) 3 (75.0 %) Total 6,924 (19.7 %) 4,289 (22.5 %) 256 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 3.14.1 Citation/Arrest Rates by Gender
Gender All Offenses Citation for Infraction
In-field Cite and Release
Custodial Arrests Without a Warrant
Custodial Arrests With a Warrant
Female 324,615 (63.7%) 264,148 (51.8%) 37,433 (7.3%) 20,375 (4.0%) 6,227 (1.2%) Gender Nonconforming 328 (51.9%) 156 (24.7%) 85 (13.4%) 65 (10.3%) 34 (5.4%) Male 759,231 (59.0%) 601,956 (46.8%) 72,620 (5.6%) 70,897 (5.5%) 24,084 (1.9%) Transgender Man/Boy 862 (48.3%) 411 (23.1%) 75 (4.2%) 309 (17.3%) 94 (5.3%) Transgender Woman/Girl 429 (47.2%) 193 (21.3%) 57 (6.3%) 138 (15.2%) 64 (7.0%) Total 1,085,465 (60.3%) 866,864 (48.2%) 110,270 (6.1%) 91,784 (5.1%) 30,503 (1.7%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 3.14.2 Citation/Arrest Rates by Gender without California Highway Patrol
Gender All Offenses Citation for Infraction
In-field Cite and Release
Custodial Arrests Without a Warrant
Custodial Arrests With a Warrant
Female 123,417 (58.7%) 72,333 (34.4%) 34,922 (16.6%) 13,103 (6.2%) 5,682 (2.7%) Gender Nonconforming 328 (51.9%) 156 (24.7%) 85 (13.4%) 65 (10.3%) 34 (5.4%) Male 273,181 (49.4%) 146,523 (26.5%) 65,355 (11.8%) 46,641 (8.4%) 22,032 (4.0%) Transgender Man/Boy 822 (48.0%) 390 (22.8%) 75 (4.4%) 290 (16.9%) 94 (5.5%) Transgender Woman/Girl 421 (47.1%) 187 (20.9%) 57 (6.4%) 136 (15.2%) 64 (7.2%) Total 398,169 (51.9%) 219,589 (28.6%) 100,494 (13.1%) 60,235 (7.9%) 27,906 (3.6%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Subsection 4: LGBT Tables
Table 4.1 Number of Individuals Stopped by LGBT Status
LGBT Status Count %
Non-LGBT 1,786,459 99.2%
LGBT 13,595 0.8%
Total 1,800,054 100.0%
Note. Percentages were calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
Table 4.2 Stop Circumstance by LGBT Status
LGBT Status Officer Initiated Calls for Service
Count % Count %
Non-LGBT 1,703,099 95.3% 83,360 4.7%
LGBT 11,577 85.2% 2,018 14.8%
Total 1,714,676 95.3% 85,378 4.7%
Note. Percentages are based off total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
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Table 4.3.1 Reason for Stop by LGBT Status
LGBT Status
Non-LGBT
Traffic Violation
84.9%
Reason Suspicion
11.3%
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
0.6%
Warrant
0.7%
Truant
0.3%
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
2.1%
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
0.0%
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy* 0.0%
Total
1,786,459
LGBT 63.3% 29.6% 0.9% 1.5% 1.0% 3.7% - 0.0% 13,595
Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 4.3.2 Traffic Violation Types by LGBT Status
LGBT Status Moving Equipment Non-moving Identity Group Total
Non-LGBT 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,517,243
LGBT 66.5% 14.7% 18.8% 8,612
Total 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,525,855
Note. Frequencies are based off total number of individuals stopped for a traffic violation (N = 1,525,8554) per identity group (Identity Group Total” column).
4 While 1,525,853 individuals were stopped for traffic violations, due to a system error 1,525,855 (i.e. two more) individuals had a response for traffic violation type and are reported in the data.
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Table 4.3.3 Reason for Stop Reasonable Suspicion Breakdown by LGBT Status
Officer Match Witness/ Carry Witness LGBT Status Susp Victim Suspicious Casing Commiss Descr Identific Weapon Crime Non-LGBT 36.9% 28.5% 14.4% 1.7% 1.3%
Suspect Acting as a
Lookout
0.6%
Drug Transaction
1.4%
Engaging In a
Violent Crime 0.7%
Other
26.5%
Identity Group Total
201,467
LGBT 31.9% 35.7% 17.2% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.9% 0.9% 24.3% 4,026
Reasonable Suspicion Total 36.8% 28.7% 14.5% 1.6% 1.3% 0.6% 1.4% 0.7% 26.4% 205,493 Note. Reasonable suspicion subcategory percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who were stopped for reasonable suspicion (N = 205,493) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Abbreviation for Reason for Stop left to right. Officer Witness Commiss Crime= Officer Witness Commission of a Crime, Match Susp Descr= Matched Suspect Description, Witness/Victim Identific= Witness/Victim Identification.
Table 4.3.4 Reason for Stop by Stop Circumstance and LGBT
LGBT Stop Circumstance
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total Count
Non- Officer Initiated 88.4% 8.3% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,703,099 LGBT Call for Service 14.9% 72.6% 0.9% 2.2% 2.2% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 83,360
LGBT Officer Initiated Call for Service
73.1% 7.6%
21.0% 79.3%
0.9% 0.7%
1.2% 2.8%
0.7% 2.6%
3.1% 7.0%
--
0.0% -
11,577 2,018
Total
Officer Initiated Call for Service
88.3%
14.8%
8.4%
72.8%
0.6%
0.9%
0.6%
2.2%
0.2%
2.2%
1.9%
7.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1,714,676
85,378
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Determine Parole/ Possible Consensual Whether Probation/ Conduct Stop Traffic Reason Encounter Student Identity Group LGBT PRCS/ Warrant Truant Under Circumstance Violation Suspicion Resulting Violated Total Count Mandatory Educate in Search School Supervision Code* Policy* Overall Total 84.80% 11.40% 0.60% 0.70% 0.30% 2.20% 0.00% 0.00% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 4.4 Actions Taken During Stop by LGBT Status
Non-LGBT LGBT Total
Removed from Vehicle by Order 3.8% 4.8% 3.8%
Removed from Vehicle by Physical Contact 0.2% 0.3% 0.2%
Field Sobriety Test 1.4% 2.9% 1.4%
Curbside Detention 5.5% 10.2% 5.5%
Handcuffed 7.1% 17.5% 7.2%
Patrol Car Detention 4.1% 8.9% 4.1%
Canine Search 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
Firearm Point 0.3% 0.6% 0.3%
Firearm Discharge 0.0% - 0.0%
Electronic Control Device 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Impact Projectile Discharge 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
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Non-LGBT LGBT Total
Canine Bite 0.0% - 0.0%
Baton 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Chemical Spray 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
Other Physical of Vehicle Contact 0.3% 0.7% 0.3%
Person Photographed 0.6% 1.7% 0.6%
Asked for Consent to Search Person 2.1% 3.4% 2.1%
Searched Person 9.1% 16.8% 9.2%
Asked for Consent to Search Property 1.1% 1.6% 1.1%
Searched Property 4.0% 6.7% 4.0%
Property Seized 0.7% 1.7% 0.7%
Vehicle Impound 1.1% 1.6% 1.1%
Admission/ Written Statement Obtained from Student* 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
No Action Taken 82.2% 66.8% 82.0%
Search Person Consent Given 1.9% 3.2% 91.6%
Search Property Consent given 1.0% 1.5% 88.2%
Identity Group Total 1,786,459 13,595 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 4.5 Basis for Search by LGBT Status
Non-LGBT LGBT Total
Consent Given 27.6% 19.2% 27.5% Officer Safety/ Safety of Others 30.7% 27.0% 30.7% Search Warrant 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% Condition of Parole/ Probation/ PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision 19.9% 14.1% 19.8% Suspected Weapon 9.6% 6.3% 9.5% Visible Contraband 5.0% 3.3% 5.0% Odor of Contraband 5.1% 2.4% 5.1% Canine Detection 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% Evidence of Crime 5.6% 6.9% 5.6% Incident to Arrest 36.4% 52.8% 36.6% Exigent Circumstances/Emergency 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% Vehicle Inventory 3.1% 2.8% 3.1% Suspected Violation of School Policy* 0.0% - 0.0% Identity Group Total 176,493 2,482 178,975
Note. Basis for search frequencies were calculated based off the number of individuals who had a person and/or property search (N = 178,975) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 4.6 Contraband or Evidence Discovered by LGBT Status
Non-LGBT LGBT Total None 96.6% 94.2% 96.6%
Firearm(s) 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Ammunition 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm 0.3% 0.6% 0.3%
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Non-LGBT LGBT Total Drugs/Narcotics 1.3% 2.3% 1.3%
Alcohol 0.8% 0.9% 0.8%
Money 0.1% 0.2% 0.1%
Drug Paraphernalia 0.7% 1.6% 0.7%
Stolen Property 0.2% 0.6% 0.2%
Cell Phones or Electronic Devices 0.1% 0.2% 0.1%
Other Contraband or Evidence 0.4% 0.8% 0.4%
Identity Group Total 1,786,459 13,595 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row).
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Table 4.7 Basis for Property Seizure by LGBT Status
LGBT Status
Non-LGBT LGBT
Safekeeping
10.1% 15.4%
Contraband
36.9% 40.2%
Evidence
73.1% 62.0%
Impound of Vehicle
15.4% 16.2%
Abandoned Property
0.7% 0.9%
Suspected Violation of
School Policy* 0.2%
-
Identity Group Total
12,545 235
Total 10.2% 37.0% 72.9% 15.5% 0.7% 0.2% 12,780 Note. Basis for property seizure percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 4.8 Type of Property of Seized by LGBT Status
Non-LGBT LGBT Total Firearm(s) 11.0% 5.1% 10.9% Ammunition 8.2% 3.8% 8.1% Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm 10.7% 10.3% 10.7% Drugs/Narcotics 39.4% 34.2% 39.3% Alcohol 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% Money 9.8% 5.6% 9.7% Drug Paraphernalia 25.5% 27.8% 25.6% Suspected Stolen Property 10.8% 14.5% 10.9% Cell phone(s) or Electronic Device(s) 10.0% 9.0% 10.0% Vehicle 12.2% 13.2% 12.3% Other Contraband or Evidence 22.2% 22.6% 22.2% Identity Group Total 12,545 235 12,780 Note. Type of property seized percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group “Identity Group Total” row).
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Table 4.9.1 Result of Stop by LGBT Status
Non-LGBT LGBT Total No Action 12.6% 14.9% 12.6% Warning 23.8% 21.6% 23.8% Citation for Infraction 48.3% 33.4% 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.1% 6.8% 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.7% 3.8% 1.7% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.0% 12.3% 5.1% Field Interview Card Completed 5.2% 9.0% 5.2% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 1.1% 0.3% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.5% 2.6% 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Identity Group Total 1,786,459 13,595 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students.
Table 4.9.2 Result of Stop by Stop Circumstance and LGBT
LGBT Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Non-LGBT No Action 12.2% 21.8% 225,299 12.6%
Warning 24.3% 14.5% 425,524 23.8% Citation for Infraction 50.3% 7.1% 862,319 48.3%
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LGBT Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
6.2% 1.5% 3.9% 4.5% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
4.9% 6.3% 27.5% 17.8% 3.0% 1.0% 6.8% 0.0% 0.1%
109,346 29,992 90,113 92,306 4,871 2,396 9,802
95 254
6.1% 1.7% 5.0% 5.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 58 0.0% No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release
13.7% 23.0% 38.6% 7.2%
22.3% 13.6% 3.9% 4.6%
2,031 2,932 4,545 924
14.9% 21.6% 33.4% 6.8%
LGBT
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
3.3% 9.8% 8.0% 0.4% 0.1% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0%
6.4% 26.5% 15.2% 5.5% 0.5% 10.4% 0.0%
-
511 1,671 1,228 152 26 350 3 2
3.8% 12.3% 9.0% 1.1% 0.2% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* - 0.0% 1 0.0% Total No Action 12.2% 21.8% 227,330 12.6%
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LGBT Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
24.3% 50.2% 6.2% 1.5% 4.0% 4.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
14.4% 7.0% 4.9% 6.3% 27.4% 17.8% 3.1% 1.0% 6.9% 0.0% 0.1%
428,456 866,864 110,270 30,503 91,784 93,534 5,023 2,422 10,152
98 256
23.8% 48.2% 6.1% 1.7% 5.1% 5.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 59 0.0% Stop Circumstance Total 1,714,676 85,378 1,800,054
Note. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 4.10 LGBT Breakdown by Officer Assignment Type
Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School Other Total
Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %
Non-LGBT 1,669,305 99.2% 32,636 99.4% 7,630 98.8% 1,697 99.2% 75,191 99.3% 1,786,459
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LGBT 12,779 0.8% 205 0.6% 95 1.2% 14 0.8% 502 0.7% 13,595
Total 1,682,084 93.4% 32,841 1.8% 7,725 0.4% 1,711 0.1% 75,693 4.2% 1,800,054 Note. Percentage in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are in reference to the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
Table 4.11 Reason for Stop by Officer Assignment Type and LGBT
LGBT Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Patrol 86.2% 10.5% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,669,305 Gang Enforcement 58.0% 26.0% 8.2% 1.8% 0.6% 5.3% - - 32,636
Non-LGBT Narcotics 23.9% 68.3% 1.2% 2.5% - 4.1% - - 7,630 K-12 Public School 42.4% 32.6% 0.4% 1.6% 4.5% 9.4% 2.5% 6.5% 1,697
Other 75.2% 15.0% 1.2% 2.1% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 75,191 Patrol 64.7% 28.8% 0.7% 1.3% 1.0% 3.5% - - 12,779 Gang Enforcement 59.5% 22.4% 6.8% 2.9% 2.9% 5.4% - - 205
LGBT Narcotics 10.5% 84.2% - - - 5.3% - - 95 K-12 Public School 21.4% 50.0% - - - 21.4% - 7.1% 14
Other 42.8% 42.6% 3.2% 4.8% 0.6% 6.0% - - 502
Officer Assignment Type Total
Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
86.1%
58.0%
23.8%
10.7%
26.0%
68.5%
0.4%
8.2%
1.2%
0.6%
1.8%
2.5%
0.3%
0.6%
-
1.9%
5.3%
4.1%
0.0%
-
-
0.0%
-
-
1,682,084
32,841
7,725
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LGBT Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
K-12 Public School 42.3% 32.7% 0.4% 1.6% 4.4% 9.5% 2.5% 6.5% 1,711
Other 75.0% 15.2% 1.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 75,693 Overall Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
Table 4.12 Result of Stop by Officer Assignment Type and LGBT
LGBT Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
Percent
Non-LGBT
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
11.9% 23.8% 49.3% 6.2% 1.6%
5.0%
37.6% 28.4% 7.4% 1.5% 3.5%
5.9%
8.1% 16.5% 29.4% 24.1% 4.0%
15.8%
6.8% 10.7% 38.3% 24.1% 1.2%
6.0%
18.2% 23.0% 45.1% 3.8% 2.4%
4.9%
225,299 425,524 862,319 109,346
29,992
90,113
12.6% 23.8% 48.3% 6.1%
1.7%
5.0%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
4.7% 0.3%
0.1%
24.1% 0.1%
0.2%
15.0% 0.4%
0.1%
3.3% 1.6%
14.0%
5.8% 0.2%
0.2%
92,306
4,871
2,396
5.2%
0.3%
0.1%
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LGBT Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
Percent Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.6% 0.0%
0.0%
0.1% -
0.0%
--
-
2.7% 0.1%
12.3%
0.3% 0.0%
0.0%
9,802
95
254
0.5%
0.0%
0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 58 0.0% No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release
14.5% 21.5% 34.4% 6.8%
35.1% 28.8% 10.2% 2.0%
10.5% 8.4% 13.7% 17.9%
7.1% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3%
17.9% 23.5% 21.9% 5.8%
2,031 2,932 4,545 924
14.9% 21.6% 33.4% 6.8%
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
3.6%
12.1%
6.3%
7.3%
4.2%
40.0%
-
-
6.6%
15.3%
511
1,671
3.8%
12.3%
LGBT Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
8.6% 1.1%
0.2%
18.5% -
0.5%
18.9% -
-
7.1% 14.3%
-
14.1% 1.0%
-
1,228
152
26
9.0%
1.1%
0.2%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
2.7% 0.0%
-
0.5% -
-
--
-
21.4% -
14.3%
1.4% 0.2%
-
350
3
2
2.6%
0.0%
0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% - - - - 1 0.0%
Total
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
11.9% 23.8% 49.2% 6.2%
1.6%
37.6% 28.4% 7.4% 1.5%
3.5%
8.1% 16.4% 29.2% 24.0%
4.0%
6.8% 10.7% 38.1% 24.0%
1.2%
18.2% 23.0% 44.9% 3.8%
2.4%
227,330 428,456 866,864 110,270
30,503
12.6% 23.8% 48.2% 6.1%
1.7%
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LGBT Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
Percent Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.0% 5.9% 16.1% 6.0% 4.9% 91,784 5.1%
Field Interview Card Completed 4.8% 24.0% 15.1% 3.3% 5.8% 93,534 5.2%
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 1.8% 0.2% 5,023 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 13.9% 0.2% 2,422 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.1% - 2.9% 0.3% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 98 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.3% 0.0% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Officer Assignment Type Total 1,682,084 32,841 7,725 1,711 75,693 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group per officer assignment type (see Table 4.10). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
Table 4.13.1 Yield rates by LGBT
LGBT Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Non-LGBT LGBT
39,166 (22.2 %) 510 (20.5 %)
17,546 (25.3 %) 294 (21.3 %)
2,553 (11.7 %) 25 (13.3 %)
Total 39,676 (22.2 %) 17,840 (25.3 %) 2,578 (11.7 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. A yield rate refers to the proportion of searched individuals who officers found to be in possession of contraband or evidence. We define lower discretion searches as searches where officers provided one or more of the following reasons as the basis for conducting the search: incident to arrest, vehicle inventory, or search warrants. We define higher discretion searches as searches where the only listed search basis was “consent given.” A "yield" is when an officer discovers contraband or evidence in the possession of an individual who the officer searched.
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Table 4.13.2 Yield rates by LGBT Without California Highway Patrol Data
LGBT Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No Yes
37,640 (22.8 %) 499 (21.4 %)
16,556 (27.9 %) 284 (23.1 %)
2,538 (11.6 %) 25 (13.3 %)
Total 38,139 (22.7 %) 16,840 (27.8 %) 2,563 (11.7 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 4.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 4.13.3 Yield rates by LGBT for Officer-Initiated Stops LGBT Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion
No Yes
32,270 (22.9 %) 360 (22.0 %)
13,256 (26.7 %) 196 (22.3 %)
2,302 (11.6 %) 19 (13.5 %)
Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 4.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 4.13.4 Yield rates by LGBT for Officer-Initiated Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
LGBT Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 30,866 (23.5 %) 12,365 (30.3 %) 2,288 (11.6 %) Yes 349 (23.4 %) 186 (25.2 %) 19 (13.5 %) Total 31,215 (23.5 %) 12,551 (30.2 %) 2,307 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 4.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 4.13.5 Yield rates by LGBT for Call for Service Stops
LGBT Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 6,896 (19.5 %) 4,290 (22.0 %) 251 (12.5 %) Yes 150 (17.8 %) 98 (19.4 %) 6 (12.8 %)
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Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 4.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 4.13.6 Yield rates by LGBT for Call for Service Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
LGBT Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 6,774 (19.7 %) 4,191 (22.5 %) 250 (12.4 %) Yes 150 (18.0 %) 98 (19.9 %) 6 (12.8 %) Total 6,924 (19.7 %) 4,289 (22.5 %) 256 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 4.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 4.14.1 Citation/Arrest Rates by LGBT Status
Citation for In-field Cite Custodial Arrests Custodial Arrests LGBT Status All Offenses Infraction and Release Without a Warrant With a Warrant No 1,078,032 (60.3%) 862,319 (48.3%) 109,346 (6.1%) 90,113 (5.0%) 29,992 (1.7%) Yes 7,433 (54.7%) 4,545 (33.4%) 924 (6.8%) 1,671 (12.3%) 511 (3.8%) Total 1,085,465 (60.3%) 866,864 (48.2%) 110,270 (6.1%) 91,784 (5.1%) 30,503 (1.7%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 4.14.2 Citation/Arrest Rates by LGBT Status without California Highway Patrol
Citation for In-field Cite Custodial Arrests Custodial Arrests LGBT Status All Offenses Infraction and Release Without a Warrant With a Warrant No 394,044 (52.0%) 217,857 (28.7%) 99,627 (13.1%) 59,004 (7.8%) 27,423 (3.6%) Yes 4,125 (46.9%) 1,732 (19.7%) 867 (9.9%) 1,231 (14.0%) 483 (5.5%) Total 398,169 (51.9%) 219,589 (28.6%) 100,494 (13.1%) 60,235 (7.9%) 27,906 (3.6%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Subsection 5: Age Tables
Table 5.1 Number of Individuals Stopped by Age
Age Group Count % 1-9 1,330 0.1% 10-14 2,761 0.2% 15-17 18,742 1.0% 18-24 309,707 17.2% 25-34 580,206 32.2% 35-44 379,929 21.1% 45-54 277,214 15.4% 55-64 165,691 9.2% 65+ 64,474 3.6% Total 1,800,054 100.0%
Note. Percentages were calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
Table 5.2 Stop Circumstance by Age
Officer Initiated Calls for Service Age Group Count % Count %
1-9 1,244 93.5% 86 6.5%
10-14 1,928 69.8% 833 30.2%
15-17 16,376 87.4% 2,366 12.6%
18-24 296,775 95.8% 12,932 4.2%
25-34 551,172 95.0% 29,034 5.0%
35-44 361,257 95.1% 18,672 4.9%
45-54 264,518 95.4% 12,696 4.6%
55-64 159,113 96.0% 6,578 4.0%
65+ 62,293 96.6% 2,181 3.4%
Total 1,714,676 95.3% 85,378 4.7%
Note. Percentages are based off total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
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Table 5.3.1 Reason for Stop by Age
Age Group Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
1-9 76.9% 12.0% 0.8% 3.6% 0.9% 5.4% 0.1% 0.2% 1,330
10-14 23.8% 53.4% 1.2% 3.7% 5.9% 9.2% 0.7% 2.2% 2,761
15-17 60.9% 28.7% 1.9% 1.8% 2.3% 3.7% 0.2% 0.4% 18,742
18-24 85.9% 10.9% 0.7% 0.6% 0.2% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 309,707
25-34 84.1% 11.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.3% 2.2% - 0.0% 580,206
35-44 84.7% 11.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.3% - - 379,929
45-54 84.7% 11.4% 0.4% 0.7% 0.3% 2.4% - - 277,214
55-64 86.5% 10.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.3% 2.1% - - 165,691
65+ 90.9% 7.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.3% 1.3% - - 64,474
Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.3.2 Traffic Violation Types by Age
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Age Group Moving Equipment Non-moving Identity Group Total
1-9 64.9% 17.5% 17.6% 1,023
10-14 57.2% 23.0% 19.8% 657
15-17 72.3% 12.9% 14.8% 11,422
18-24 70.0% 13.7% 16.3% 265,905
25-34 64.4% 15.3% 20.3% 488,178
35-44 63.8% 14.9% 21.3% 321,868
45-54 63.9% 15.3% 20.7% 234,917
55-64 66.4% 13.6% 20.0% 143,266
65+ 73.3% 10.0% 16.7% 58,619
Total 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,525,855
Note. Frequencies are based off total number of individuals stopped for a traffic violation (N = 1,525,8555) per identity group (Identity Group Total” column).
Table 5.3.3 Reason for Stop Reasonable Suspicion Breakdown by Age
Officer Match Witness/ Carry Casing Suspect Drug Engaging Other Identity Witness Susp Victim Suspicious Acting as a Transaction In a Group Age Group Commiss Descr Identific Weapon Lookout Violent Total Crime Crime
1-9 18.1% 16.9% 16.9% - - 0.6% - 1.3% 49.4% 160
10-14 14.7% 31.2% 23.9% 1.8% 0.6% 1.3% 0.7% 1.1% 36.9% 1,475
5 While 1,525,853 individuals were stopped for traffic violations, due to a system error 1,525,855 (i.e. two more) individuals had a response for traffic violation type and are reported in the data.
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Age Group
15-17
Officer Witness
Commiss Crime 24.5%
Match Susp Descr
31.1%
Witness/ Victim
Identific
18.2%
Carry Suspicious Weapon
3.0%
Casing
1.2%
Suspect Acting as a
Lookout
1.6%
Drug Transaction
1.3%
Engaging In a
Violent Crime 1.3%
Other
33.5%
Identity Group Total
5,380
18-24 36.0% 26.0% 13.2% 2.0% 1.4% 1.1% 1.6% 1.0% 29.9% 33,698
25-34 34.6% 30.0% 14.9% 1.8% 1.5% 0.6% 1.6% 0.8% 27.0% 68,246
35-44 36.2% 30.4% 15.1% 1.6% 1.4% 0.4% 1.4% 0.7% 25.5% 43,084
45-54 41.3% 28.0% 13.7% 1.2% 1.1% 0.3% 1.1% 0.5% 23.8% 31,723
55-64 45.5% 25.5% 12.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.2% 1.0% 0.3% 22.0% 17,205
65+ 40.1% 26.7% 14.7% 1.0% 0.4% 0.1% 0.9% 0.5% 25.0% 4,522
Reasonable Suspicion Total
36.8% 28.7% 14.5% 1.6% 1.3% 0.6% 1.4% 0.7% 26.4% 205,493
Note. Reasonable suspicion subcategory percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who were stopped for reasonable suspicion (N = 205,493) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Abbreviation for Reason for Stop left to right. Officer Witness Commiss Crime= Officer Witness Commission of a Crime, Match Susp Descr= Matched Suspect Description, Witness/Victim Identific= Witness/Victim Identification. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.3.4 Reason for Stop by Stop Circumstance and Age
![Page 99: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
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Age Stop Circumstance
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Count
1-9 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
81.7%
8.1%
8.1%
68.6%
0.9%
-
3.9%
-
0.7%
3.5%
4.7%
16.3%
-
1.2%
0.1%
2.3%
1,244
86
10-14 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
33.0%
2.5%
45.9%
70.9%
1.6%
0.4%
3.8%
3.4%
5.3%
7.2%
7.8%
12.2%
0.6%
0.7%
2.0%
2.6%
1,928
833
15-17 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
68.7%
7.2%
21.9%
75.5%
2.1%
0.8%
1.6%
3.2%
1.9%
4.8%
3.2%
7.0%
0.1%
0.9%
0.4%
0.6%
16,376
2,366
18-24 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
88.8%
17.9%
8.2%
71.4%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
1.7%
0.2%
1.7%
1.5%
6.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
296,775
12,932
25-34 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
87.8%
13.9%
8.5%
73.7%
0.8%
1.1%
0.7%
2.4%
0.2%
2.0%
2.0%
6.9%
-
-
-
0.0%
551,172
29,034
35-44 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
88.4%
13.6%
8.1%
73.8%
0.6%
1.0%
0.7%
2.4%
0.2%
2.4%
2.0%
6.9%
-
-
-
-
361,257
18,672
45-54 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
88.1%
14.5%
8.5%
73.1%
0.4%
0.8%
0.6%
2.2%
0.2%
2.0%
2.2%
7.5%
-
-
-
-
264,518
12,696
55-64 Officer Initiated
Call for Service
89.3%
17.6%
7.9%
70.1%
0.2%
0.5%
0.5%
1.8%
0.2%
2.4%
1.8%
7.5%
-
-
-
-
159,113
6,578
65+ Officer Initiated 93.3% 5.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 1.1% - - 62,293
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Age Stop Circumstance
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Count
Call for Service 23.9% 63.2% 0.1% 1.6% 3.2% 8.0% - - 2,181
Total Officer Initiated 88.3% 8.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,714,676
Call for Service 14.8% 72.8% 0.9% 2.2% 2.2% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 85,378 Overall Total 84.80% 11.40% 0.60% 0.70% 0.30% 2.20% 0.00% 0.00% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.4 Actions Taken During Stop by Age
1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total Removed from 3.3% 3.8% 7.6% 5.5% 4.9% 3.2% 2.1% 1.3% 0.8% 3.8% Vehicle by Order Removed from 0.6% 0.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% Vehicle by Physical Contact Field Sobriety Test 0.4% 0.2% 0.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.3% 1.1% 1.0% 0.8% 1.4%
Curbside Detention 4.3% 14.8% 11.7% 5.6% 6.1% 5.5% 5.1% 4.1% 2.6% 5.5%
Handcuffed 3.1% 26.1% 18.0% 7.7% 8.5% 7.2% 5.8% 4.4% 2.5% 7.2%
Patrol Car Detention 5.8% 15.9% 7.9% 4.4% 5.0% 4.2% 3.3% 2.3% 1.4% 4.1%
Canine Search 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
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1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total Firearm Point 0.2% 1.6% 1.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3%
Firearm Discharge - - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0%
Electronic Control - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Device Impact Projectile - - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0% Discharge Canine Bite - - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Baton - - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0%
Chemical Spray - 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0%
Other Physical of 0.5% 1.1% 0.5% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% Vehicle Contact Person Photographed 1.4% 2.9% 1.8% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% 0.6%
Asked for Consent to 2.3% 3.2% 3.1% 2.2% 2.6% 2.3% 1.7% 1.0% 0.5% 2.1% Search Person Searched Person 4.4% 26.3% 23.7% 10.6% 11.3% 8.9% 6.7% 4.7% 2.5% 9.2%
Asked for Consent to 0.6% 1.4% 1.6% 1.2% 1.4% 1.2% 0.8% 0.5% 0.3% 1.1% Search Property Searched Property 4.2% 7.1% 8.3% 4.7% 5.1% 3.9% 2.8% 1.8% 1.0% 4.0%
Property Seized 0.6% 2.1% 1.9% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% 0.7%
Vehicle Impound 0.8% 0.9% 1.9% 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5% 1.1%
Admission/ Written 0.1% 2.2% 0.7% 0.0% - 0.0% - - 0.0% 0.0% Statement Obtained from Student* No Action Taken 82.9% 44.9% 58.9% 79.7% 78.9% 82.5% 85.7% 89.1% 92.8% 82.0%
Search Person 2.2% 2.8% 2.6% 2.0% 2.4% 2.1% 1.6% 1.0% 0.5% 2.0% Consent Given
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1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total Search Property 0.6% 1.1% 1.3% 1.0% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 1.0% Consent given Identity Group Total 1,330 2,761 18,742 309,707 580,206 379,929 277,214 165,691 64,474 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.5 Basis for Search by Age
1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total
Consent Given 30.8% 17.2% 21.6% 29.7% 28.7% 27.2% 25.4% 21.2% 17.0% 27.5%
Officer Safety/ safety of 17.6% 47.9% 41.9% 34.3% 30.0% 29.2% 28.2% 27.3% 26.8% 30.7% Others Search Warrant 28.6% 2.4% 1.3% 1.1% 1.1% 1.4% 1.7% 2.1% 4.8% 1.3%
Condition of Parole/ 15.4% 5.4% 15.0% 18.2% 22.6% 20.7% 17.0% 13.3% 9.2% 19.8% Probation/ PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision Suspected Weapon 6.6% 16.6% 18.8% 11.8% 9.6% 8.2% 7.0% 6.6% 6.1% 9.5%
Visible Contraband 2.2% 2.4% 5.2% 6.9% 5.1% 4.1% 3.4% 3.5% 2.9% 5.0%
Odor of Contraband 5.5% 5.1% 7.7% 9.2% 5.4% 3.0% 1.7% 1.2% 1.5% 5.1%
Canine Detection - 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2%
Evidence of Crime 6.6% 6.2% 7.4% 5.7% 5.4% 5.6% 5.8% 6.1% 4.7% 5.6%
Incident to Arrest 14.3% 35.4% 27.7% 30.5% 34.1% 39.5% 45.2% 51.9% 54.6% 36.6%
Exigent 1.1% 1.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.9% 0.4% Circumstances/Emergency
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1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total
Vehicle Inventory 3.3% 0.5% 2.6% 3.3% 3.3% 3.1% 2.8% 2.8% 3.2% 3.1%
Suspected Violation of 1.1% 2.4% 1.0% 0.0% - - - - - 0.0% School Policy* Identity Group Total 91 789 4,731 35,617 70,956 36,568 20,024 8,368 1,831 178,975
Note. Basis for search frequencies were calculated based off the number of individuals who were subject to a search (N = 178,975) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.6 Contraband and Evidence Discovered by Age
1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total
None 96.6% 90.4% 91.4% 96.0% 96.3% 96.8% 97.2% 97.7% 98.6% 96.6% Firearm(s) 0.9% 0.7% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% Ammunition 0.7% 0.7% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm
0.2% 1.7% 0.9% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3%
Drugs/Narcotics 1.4% 2.9% 3.3% 1.7% 1.6% 1.3% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 1.3% Alcohol 0.4% 0.9% 1.2% 1.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.8% 0.9% 0.6% 0.8% Money - 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Drug Paraphernalia 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.6% 0.9% 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% 0.2% 0.7% Stolen Property 0.3% 0.9% 0.8% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% Cell Phones or Electronic Devices
- 0.7% 0.6% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%
Other Contraband or Evidence
0.4% 2.1% 1.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4%
Identity Group Total 1,330 2,761 18,742 309,707 580,206 379,929 277,214 165,691 64,474 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row).
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Table 5.7 Basis for Property Seizure by Age
Age Group Safekeeping Contraband Evidence Impound of Vehicle
Abandoned Property
Suspected Violation of
School Policy*
Identity Group Total
1-9 12.5% 37.5% 75.0% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 8 10-14 3.4% 39.7% 81.0% 6.9% - 12.1% 58 15-17 4.2% 31.0% 73.0% 14.4% 0.6% 4.2% 355 18-24 8.5% 32.4% 75.6% 18.5% 0.7% - 1,969 25-34 9.5% 37.2% 73.3% 16.6% 0.6% - 4,739 35-44 10.9% 39.7% 73.3% 14.5% 0.8% - 2,920 45-54 11.7% 38.8% 69.8% 13.5% 0.7% - 1,768 55-64 13.8% 36.9% 70.4% 10.9% 0.6% - 780 65+ 20.2% 32.2% 60.7% 12.0% - - 183 Total 10.2% 37.0% 72.9% 15.5% 0.7% 0.2% 12,780 Note. Basis for property seizure percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.8 Type of Property of Seized by Age
1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total Firearm(s) 37.5% 5.2% 12.4% 14.7% 11.5% 9.3% 7.5% 9.0% 16.4% 10.9%
Ammunition 37.5% 8.6% 7.3% 10.8% 8.8% 7.3% 5.5% 6.5% 8.2% 8.1%
Weapon(s) Other than a 12.5% 20.7% 12.1% 10.6% 9.7% 10.5% 11.7% 13.6% 12.6% 10.7% Firearm Drugs/Narcotics 25.0% 32.8% 33.2% 33.0% 40.1% 43.5% 41.5% 35.9% 30.1% 39.3%
Alcohol - 1.7% 2.3% 2.1% 1.9% 1.6% 2.5% 3.5% 3.3% 2.1%
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1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total Money 12.5% 8.6% 7.6% 11.8% 9.3% 9.1% 9.0% 11.0% 10.4% 9.7%
Drug Paraphernalia 12.5% 13.8% 7.3% 15.9% 25.8% 31.5% 29.1% 29.6% 16.9% 25.6%
Suspected Stolen Property 12.5% 15.5% 15.8% 12.4% 11.3% 11.7% 8.3% 6.7% 5.5% 10.9%
Cell phone(s) or Electronic 12.5% 17.2% 14.9% 14.3% 10.2% 8.3% 7.9% 6.3% 7.1% 10.0% Device(s) Vehicle 25.0% 6.9% 10.7% 13.8% 13.3% 11.3% 11.7% 8.7% 10.9% 12.3%
Other Contraband or 12.5% 19.0% 27.0% 26.0% 21.9% 21.4% 19.4% 21.4% 24.0% 22.2% Evidence Total 8 58 355 1,969 4,739 2,920 1,768 780 183 12,780
Note. Type of property seized percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.9.1 Result of Stop by Age
1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total
No Action 24.6% 19.4% 17.2% 12.7% 13.2% 12.5% 12.3% 11.4% 10.7% 12.6%
Warning 23.1% 14.1% 17.5% 21.0% 23.6% 24.4% 25.2% 24.9% 29.0% 23.8%
Citation for Infraction 36.8% 11.2% 34.9% 51.0% 46.6% 47.7% 48.2% 50.8% 49.5% 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 7.7% 9.9% 6.2% 5.9% 6.0% 6.1% 6.4% 6.5% 6.6% 6.1%
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding 1.2% 1.8% 1.8% 1.2% 2.0% 2.0% 1.7% 1.2% 0.5% 1.7% Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 1.8% 11.0% 7.5% 5.5% 6.0% 5.1% 4.2% 3.5% 2.3% 5.1%
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1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
3.8%
1.9%
2.4%
15.0%
5.3%
15.7%
13.7%
1.7%
7.8%
6.0%
0.2%
0.1%
5.9%
0.3%
0.0%
4.9%
0.3%
0.0%
4.2%
0.3%
0.0%
3.6%
0.3%
0.0%
2.2%
0.4%
0.0%
5.2%
0.3%
0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 2.4% 13.7% 2.9% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.8% 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
2.7%
0.0%
0.9%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
0.0%
0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.2% 0.8% 0.2% - - - - - - 0.0%
Identity Group Total 1,330 2,761 18,742 309,707 580,206 379,929 277,214 165,691 64,474 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.9.2 Result of Stop by Stop Circumstance and Age
Identity Officer Identity Group Age Result of Stop Call for Service Group Total Initiated Total % Count No Action 24.3% 29.1% 327 24.6% Warning 24.3% 5.8% 307 23.1% Citation for Infraction 39.2% 1.2% 489 36.8% In-Field Cite and Release 8.0% 3.5% 102 7.7% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.1% 2.3% 16 1.2%
1-9
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Age Result of Stop Officer Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total %
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 1.3% 9.3% 24 1.8% Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
3.0% 1.4% 2.0% 0.9% 0.1% 0.1%
16.3% 9.3% 8.1% 24.4% 1.2% 2.3%
51 25 32 32 2 3
3.8% 1.9% 2.4% 2.4% 0.2% 0.2%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.1% 1.2% 2 0.2% No Action 22.9% 11.4% 536 19.4% Warning Citation for Infraction
17.0% 14.1%
7.3% 4.6%
388 310
14.1% 11.2%
In-Field Cite and Release 10.5% 8.5% 274 9.9% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
1.8% 8.7%
1.9% 16.4%
50 305
1.8% 11.0%
10-14 Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
15.4% 3.4% 12.6% 8.4% 0.1% 3.0%
13.9% 9.5% 22.9% 26.1%
-2.2%
413 145 433 379 1 75
15.0% 5.3% 15.7% 13.7% 0.0% 2.7%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.6% 1.1% 21 0.8% No Action 17.4% 15.4% 3,221 17.2%
15-17 Warning Citation for Infraction
18.7% 38.9%
9.3% 7.2%
3,282 6,541
17.5% 34.9%
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Age Result of Stop Officer Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total %
In-Field Cite and Release 5.9% 8.1% 1,158 6.2% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
1.5% 5.6%
3.7% 20.5%
333 1,405
1.8% 7.5%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
13.3% 1.0% 5.9% 1.3%
-0.8%
17.1% 6.5% 21.1% 14.0% 0.0% 1.5%
2,575 311
1,470 542 1
170
13.7% 1.7% 7.8% 2.9% 0.0% 0.9%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.2% 0.3% 36 0.2% No Action 12.3% 21.3% 39,265 12.7% Warning Citation for Infraction
21.3% 52.8%
12.4% 8.9%
64,904 157,893
21.0% 51.0%
In-Field Cite and Release 5.9% 5.3% 18,198 5.9% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
1.1% 4.4%
4.5% 30.2%
3,772 17,106
1.2% 5.5%
18-24 Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
5.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
19.3% 2.3% 0.6% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0%
18,552 631 266
1,351 21 8
6.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* - - - -25-34 No Action 12.7% 22.6% 76,596 13.2%
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Age Result of Stop Officer Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total %
Warning Citation for Infraction
24.1% 48.8%
14.2% 6.2%
137,100 270,598
23.6% 46.6%
In-Field Cite and Release 6.0% 4.5% 34,582 6.0% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
1.8% 4.7%
7.2% 29.3%
11,821 34,648
2.0% 6.0%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security
5.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0%
18.2% 2.7% 0.1% 5.8% 0.0%
34,035 1,490 101
2,918 35
5.9% 0.3% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* - - - -Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 12.0% 22.2% 47,379 12.5% Warning Citation for Infraction
24.9% 49.9%
15.1% 6.5%
92,740 181,341
24.4% 47.7%
In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 4.7% 23,109 6.1%
35-44
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security
1.7% 4.0% 4.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0%
7.5% 27.7% 17.5% 3.1% 0.1% 6.0% 0.0%
7,642 19,452 18,801 1,040
49 1,932
17
2.0% 5.1% 4.9% 0.3% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* - - - -
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Age Result of Stop Officer Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total %
Referral to School Counselor* - - - -
45-54
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
11.8% 25.6% 50.2% 6.5% 1.4% 3.2% 3.6% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0%
-
22.9% 16.1% 7.0% 5.1% 6.8% 25.0% 16.7% 3.0% 0.0% 6.9% 0.0%
-
34,148 69,798 133,683 17,833 4,606 11,632 11,748
706 35
1,511 10 -
12.3% 25.2% 48.2% 6.4% 1.7% 4.2% 4.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0%
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - -
55-64
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold
11.0% 25.2% 52.5% 6.5% 1.0% 2.6% 3.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3%
20.9% 16.5% 8.2% 5.3% 4.7% 24.5% 17.3% 3.4% 0.0% 8.3%
18,939 41,231 84,125 10,743 1,933 5,732 5,925 438 21 970
11.4% 24.9% 50.8% 6.5% 1.2% 3.5% 3.6% 0.3% 0.0% 0.6%
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Age Result of Stop Officer Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total %
Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 6 0.0% Referral to School Admin* - - - -Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 10.5% 18.0% 6,919 10.7% Warning Citation for Infraction
29.4% 50.8%
17.1% 10.0%
18,706 31,884
29.0% 49.5%
In-Field Cite and Release 6.7% 4.9% 4,271 6.6% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
0.4% 1.7%
2.7% 19.8%
330 1,480
0.5% 2.3%
65+ Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security
1.8% 0.2% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0%
15.7% 5.8% 0.4% 14.4% 0.1%
1,434 237 15 517 5
2.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.8% 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* - - - -Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 12.2% 21.8% 227,330 12.6% Warning Citation for Infraction
24.3% 50.2%
14.4% 7.0%
428,456 866,864
23.8% 48.2%
Total In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
6.2% 1.5% 4.0%
4.9% 6.3% 27.4%
110,270 30,503 91,784
6.1% 1.7% 5.1%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport
4.6% 0.1%
17.8% 3.1%
93,534 5,023
5.2% 0.3%
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Age Result of Stop Officer Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total %
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.0% 2,422 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.2% 6.9% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 98 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Stop Circumstance Total 1,714,676 85,378 1,800,054 Note. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 5.10 Age Group Breakdown by Officer Assignment Type
K-12 Gang Age Patrol Narcotics Public Other Total Enforcement School
1-9
10-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-44
Count
1,193
2,092
16,041
290,958
543,435
355,645
%
0.1%
0.1%
1.0%
17.3%
32.3%
21.1%
Count
50
204
1,518
8,829
13,846
5,358
%
0.2%
0.6%
4.6%
26.9%
42.2%
16.3%
Count
13
15
64
1,533
2,308
1,480
%
0.2%
0.2%
0.8%
19.8%
29.9%
19.2%
Count
7
288
517
139
258
209
%
0.4%
16.8%
30.2%
8.1%
15.1%
12.2%
Count
67
162
602
8,248
20,359
17,237
%
0.1%
0.2%
0.8%
10.9%
26.9%
22.8%
1,330
2,761
18,742
309,707
580,206
379,929
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45-54
55-64
65+
257,262
153,893
61,565
15.3%
9.1%
3.7%
2,248
628
160
6.8%
1.9%
0.5%
1,285
820
207
16.6%
10.6%
2.7%
142
91
60
8.3%
5.3%
3.5%
16,277
10,259
2,482
21.5%
13.6%
3.3%
277,214
165,691
64,474
Total 1,682,084 93.4% 32,841 1.8% 7,725 0.4% 1,711 0.1% 75,693 4.2% 1,800,054 Note. Percentage in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are in reference to the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
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Table 5.11 Reason for Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Age
Age Officer Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Patrol Gang Enforcement
81.6%
66.0%
11.1%
18.0%
0.8%
2.0%
1.3%
-
0.8%
2.0%
4.4%
12.0%
-
-
0.1%
-
1,193
50
1-9 Narcotics 7.7% 30.8% 7.7% 23.1% - 30.8% - - 13 K-12 Public School - 28.6% - - 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 28.6% 7
Other 22.4% 19.4% - 44.8% - 13.4% - - 67 Patrol Gang Enforcement
28.0%
22.5%
54.3%
55.9%
0.9%
6.4%
3.0%
2.5%
5.6%
5.4%
8.0%
7.4%
0.0%
-
0.2%
-
2,092
204
10-14 Narcotics - 33.3% - 20.0% - 46.7% - - 15 K-12 Public School 0.3% 49.0% 0.3% 1.4% 8.0% 19.1% 5.6% 16.3% 288
Other 15.4% 48.8% 0.6% 16.7% 7.4% 4.9% 0.6% 5.6% 162 Patrol Gang Enforcement
66.8%
28.9%
25.6%
46.7%
0.9%
12.4%
1.4%
2.5%
2.1%
1.3%
3.0%
8.2%
0.1%
-
0.1%
-
16,041
1,518
15-17 Narcotics 6.3% 84.4% 1.6% 1.6% - 6.3% - - 64 K-12 Public School 4.8% 50.9% 0.8% 2.5% 9.9% 14.5% 4.8% 11.8% 517
Other 38.9% 40.7% 2.8% 8.5% 4.5% 3.0% 1.0% 0.7% 602
18-24
Patrol Gang Enforcement
87.6%
55.2%
9.7%
29.8%
0.4%
8.4%
0.5%
1.6%
0.2%
0.3%
1.6%
4.7%
0.0%
-
-
-
290,958
8,829
Narcotics 16.7% 79.1% 0.7% 1.4% - 2.1% - - 1,533
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Age Officer Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
K-12 Public School 64.7% 23.0% 0.7% 2.9% 0.7% 6.5% 0.7% 0.7% 139
Other 70.3% 19.9% 1.6% 3.6% 0.5% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8,248 Patrol 85.4% 11.1% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.0% - 0.0% 543,435 Gang Enforcement 61.1% 23.4% 8.5% 1.5% 0.5% 5.1% - - 13,846
25-34 Narcotics 32.5% 57.7% 1.4% 2.8% - 5.6% - - 2,308 K-12 Public School 77.1% 17.1% - 0.8% - 5.0% - - 258
Other 72.3% 17.3% 1.8% 2.8% 0.3% 5.6% - - 20,359 Patrol 85.7% 10.8% 0.5% 0.7% 0.3% 2.0% - - 355,645 Gang Enforcement 61.4% 22.2% 7.7% 2.2% 1.0% 5.4% - - 5,358
35-44 Narcotics 27.4% 63.9% 1.7% 3.1% - 4.0% - - 1,480 K-12 Public School 78.5% 15.8% - 1.9% - 3.8% - - 209
Other 76.4% 13.9% 1.2% 1.9% 0.2% 6.3% - - 17,237 Patrol 85.7% 10.9% 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% 2.1% - - 257,262 Gang Enforcement 63.4% 21.1% 5.6% 2.5% 1.2% 6.0% - - 2,248
45-54 Narcotics 20.9% 72.3% 0.9% 1.9% - 3.9% - - 1,285 K-12 Public School 79.6% 18.3% 0.7% 0.7% - 0.7% - - 142
Other 77.3% 13.1% 0.8% 1.2% 0.2% 7.3% - - 16,277 Patrol 87.4% 9.9% 0.2% 0.5% 0.3% 1.7% - - 153,893
55-64 Gang Enforcement 63.2% 21.8% 5.4% 3.0% 1.0% 5.6% - - 628
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Age Officer Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Narcotics 14.8% 78.8% 1.1% 2.4% - 2.9% - - 820 K-12 Public School 85.7% 14.3% - - - - - - 91
Other 79.9% 11.5% 0.6% 1.0% 0.2% 6.9% - - 10,259 Patrol 91.6% 6.6% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 1.1% - - 61,565 Gang Enforcement 59.4% 23.8% 3.8% 5.6% 1.3% 6.3% - - 160
65+ Narcotics 15.0% 77.8% 0.5% 2.4% - 4.3% - - 207 K-12 Public School 88.3% 10.0% - - - 1.7% - - 60
Other 81.3% 10.8% 0.6% 1.7% 0.3% 5.3% - - 2,482 Patrol 86.1% 10.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,682,084
Officer Gang Enforcement 58.0% 26.0% 8.2% 1.8% 0.6% 5.3% - - 32,841
Assignment Type Total
Narcotics K-12 Public School
23.8%
42.3%
68.5%
32.7%
1.2%
0.4%
2.5%
1.6%
-
4.4%
4.1%
9.5%
-
2.5%
-
6.5%
7,725
1,711
Other 75.0% 15.2% 1.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 75,693 Overall Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
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Table 5.12 Result of Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Age
Age Group Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
1-9
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
21.5% 23.9% 40.1% 8.5%
1.3%
1.9%
3.0%
1.5%
1.7%
2.5%
0.2%
0.1% 0.1%
48.0% 30.0% 8.0%
-
-
-
8.0%
4.0%
6.0%
-
-
--
61.5% -
15.4% -
-
-
15.4%
-
23.1%
-
-
--
14.3% -
14.3% -
-
-
-
42.9%
28.6%
14.3%
-
28.6% 14.3%
56.7% 10.4% 6.0% 1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
13.4%
3.0%
6.0%
1.5%
-
--
327 307 489 102 16
24
51 25
32
32 2
3 2
24.6% 23.1% 36.8% 7.7% 1.2%
1.8%
3.8% 1.9%
2.4%
2.4% 0.2%
0.2% 0.2%
10-14
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport
19.5% 15.3% 11.4% 5.9%
1.8%
10.8%
14.4%
6.0%
34.8% 13.7% 12.7% 2.0%
1.5%
6.9%
39.7%
1.0%
60.0% -
13.3% 6.7%
6.7%
6.7%
13.3%
-
3.8% 4.9% 13.2% 50.3%
0.7%
8.0%
1.4%
2.4%
23.5% 15.4% 3.1% 0.6%
3.7%
25.9%
15.4%
6.2%
536 388 310 274 50
305
413 145
19.4% 14.1% 11.2% 9.9% 1.8%
11.0%
15.0% 5.3%
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Age Group Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 14.6% 5.4% 6.7% 30.2% 17.9% 433 15.7%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
16.6%
0.0%
0.4% 0.4%
0.5%
-
0.5% 0.5%
-
-
--
5.9%
-
20.5% 4.2%
8.6%
-
3.7% -
379 1
75 21
13.7% 0.0%
2.7% 0.8%
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
15.4% 18.2% 38.7% 5.6%
1.7%
7.0%
39.3% 17.1% 7.3% 1.4%
2.9%
6.9%
10.9% 7.8% 31.3% 20.3%
3.1%
9.4%
4.3% 3.7% 15.9% 39.1%
0.8%
9.5%
20.1% 12.8% 18.8% 4.2%
3.0%
19.4%
3,221 3,282 6,541 1,158 333
1,405
17.2% 17.5% 34.9% 6.2% 1.8%
7.5%
15-17 Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
11.8%
1.7%
7.5%
35.4%
0.3%
2.5%
26.6%
6.3%
7.8%
2.5%
2.7%
28.0%
20.1%
1.8%
12.5%
2,575 311
1,470
13.7% 1.7%
7.8%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
3.1%
-
0.1% 0.0%
-
-
--
-
-
--
4.6%
0.2%
27.7% 6.0%
2.5%
-
0.7% 0.2%
542 1
170 36
2.9% 0.0%
0.9% 0.2%
18-24
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release
11.8% 20.7% 52.7% 5.9%
38.3% 27.9% 7.1% 1.2%
6.3% 9.7% 37.8% 22.7%
11.5% 15.1% 49.6% 15.1%
17.0% 23.3% 39.7% 5.7%
39,265 64,904 157,893 18,198
12.7% 21.0% 51.0% 5.9%
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117
Age Group Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
1.1%
5.4%
2.4%
5.4%
3.3%
19.8%
4.3%
6.5%
2.6%
8.1%
3,772
17,106
1.2%
5.5%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
5.3%
0.2%
0.1%
26.8%
0.0%
0.1%
12.7%
0.2%
0.1%
1.4%
-
1.4%
7.9%
0.2%
0.2%
18,552 631
266
6.0% 0.2%
0.1%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
0.5%
0.0%
0.0% -
0.0%
-
--
-
-
--
0.7%
-
4.3% -
0.4%
0.0%
--
1,351 21
8 -
0.4% 0.0%
0.0% -
25-34
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
12.4% 23.5% 47.9% 6.1%
1.9%
5.9%
5.4%
0.3%
0.0%
38.6% 30.1% 6.6% 1.2%
3.5%
5.5%
22.5%
0.1%
0.0%
8.8% 25.0% 20.0% 22.3%
4.8%
17.3%
15.0%
0.4%
-
10.1% 17.1% 58.9% 3.9%
1.2%
3.9%
6.2%
1.2%
-
18.3% 23.1% 41.7% 4.5%
3.4%
6.1%
7.0%
0.2%
0.0%
76,596 137,100 270,598 34,582 11,821
34,648
34,035 1,490
101
13.2% 23.6% 46.6% 6.0% 2.0%
6.0%
5.9% 0.3%
0.0%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security
0.5%
0.0%
0.1%
-
-
-
1.6%
-
0.3%
0.0%
2,918 35
0.5% 0.0%
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Age Group Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% - - 4.3% - - -Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
11.9% 24.4% 48.5% 6.2%
1.9%
5.1%
35.6% 28.3% 7.5% 2.0%
4.9%
7.2%
9.4% 19.2% 25.5% 23.2%
4.5%
15.3%
11.5% 15.8% 56.9% 8.6%
1.4%
2.4%
18.3% 23.1% 45.7% 3.7%
2.6%
4.5%
47,379 92,740 181,341 23,109 7,642
19,452
12.5% 24.4% 47.7% 6.1% 2.0%
5.1%
35-44 Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
4.6%
0.3%
0.0%
23.2%
0.0%
0.0%
15.9%
0.7%
-
5.3%
0.5%
0.5%
5.4%
0.2%
0.0%
18,801 1,040
49
4.9% 0.3%
0.0%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.5%
0.0%
-
0.1%
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.2%
0.0%
-
1,932 17
-
0.5% 0.0%
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -
45-54
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
11.8% 25.3% 48.6% 6.6%
1.6%
4.2%
34.3% 29.6% 10.7% 2.6%
5.4%
6.1%
7.7% 14.0% 33.2% 25.6%
3.3%
13.8%
9.2% 19.7% 59.2% 5.6%
0.7%
3.5%
18.5% 23.1% 48.0% 3.0%
1.7%
3.4%
34,148 69,798 133,683 17,833 4,606
11,632
12.3% 25.2% 48.2% 6.4% 1.7%
4.2%
Field Interview Card Completed 4.0% 19.0% 15.3% 3.5% 4.6% 11,748 4.2%
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Age Group Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
0.3%
0.0%
0.3%
-
0.1%
-
-
-
0.2%
0.0%
706
35
0.3%
0.0%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.6%
0.0%
-
0.2%
-
-
-
-
-
0.7%
-
-
0.3%
0.0%
-
1,511 10
-
0.5% 0.0%
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
11.0% 25.1% 50.9% 6.6%
1.1%
3.5%
32.2% 28.5% 13.2% 6.1%
5.3%
7.2%
6.1% 7.0% 37.4% 30.0%
3.7%
13.5%
4.4% 15.4% 71.4% 2.2%
2.2%
1.1%
17.5% 22.4% 51.5% 2.7%
1.2%
2.6%
18,939 41,231 84,125 10,743 1,933
5,732
11.4% 24.9% 50.8% 6.5% 1.2%
3.5%
55-64 Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
3.4%
0.3%
0.0%
17.0%
0.2%
-
16.8%
0.1%
-
5.5%
-
1.1%
3.8%
0.2%
0.0%
5,925 438
21
3.6% 0.3%
0.0%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.6%
0.0%
-
0.5%
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.2%
0.0%
-
970 6
-
0.6% 0.0%
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -
65+ No Action Warning Citation for Infraction
10.3% 29.3% 49.7%
30.6% 33.1% 15.0%
7.2% 9.2% 40.1%
-16.7% 70.0%
21.0% 24.7% 45.6%
6,919 18,706 31,884
10.7% 29.0% 49.5%
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Age Group Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
6.7%
0.5%
2.3%
3.8%
4.4%
5.6%
30.0%
2.9%
7.7%
8.3%
-
-
3.1%
1.2%
2.4%
4,271 330
1,480
6.6% 0.5%
2.3%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
2.1%
0.4%
0.0%
12.5%
-
-
16.4%
-
-
1.7%
3.3%
-
3.9%
0.3%
-
1,434 237
15
2.2% 0.4%
0.0%
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
0.8%
0.0%
-
0.6%
-
-
-
-
-
1.7%
-
-
0.4%
0.0%
-
517 5
-
0.8% 0.0%
-Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -
Total
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
11.9% 23.8% 49.2% 6.2%
1.6%
5.0%
37.6% 28.4% 7.4% 1.5%
3.5%
5.9%
8.1% 16.4% 29.2% 24.0%
4.0%
16.1%
6.8% 10.7% 38.1% 24.0%
1.2%
6.0%
18.2% 23.0% 44.9% 3.8%
2.4%
4.9%
227,330 428,456 866,864 110,270 30,503
91,784
12.6% 23.8% 48.2% 6.1% 1.7%
5.1%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold
4.8%
0.3%
0.1%
0.6%
24.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
15.1%
0.4%
0.1%
-
3.3%
1.8%
13.9%
2.9%
5.8%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
93,534
5,023
2,422
10,152
5.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.6%
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Age Group Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 98 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.3% 0.0% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Officer Assignment Type Total 1,682,084 32,841 7,725 1,711 75,693 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group per officer assignment type (see Table 5.10). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
Table 5.13.1 Yield rates by Age
Age Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion 0-9 21 (23.1 %) 13 (31.7 %) 0 (0.0 %) 10-14 132 (16.7 %) 49 (16.4 %) 3 (5.0 %) 15-17 1049 (22.2 %) 385 (26.9 %) 51 (10.6 %) 18-24 7999 (22.5 %) 2958 (24.9 %) 485 (10.4 %) 25-34 15243 (21.5 %) 6534 (25.1 %) 998 (11.0 %) 35-44 8315 (22.7 %) 4129 (26.6 %) 540 (12.2 %) 45-54 4606 (23.0 %) 2427 (25.2 %) 352 (15.0 %) 55-64 1932 (23.1 %) 1100 (23.8 %) 126 (16.3 %) 65+ 379 (20.7 %) 245 (22.0 %) 23 (17.4 %) Total 39676 (22.2 %) 17840 (25.3 %) 2578 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. A yield rate refers to the proportion of searched individuals who officers found to be in possession of contraband or evidence. We define lower discretion searches as searches where officers provided one or more of the following reasons as the basis for conducting the search: incident to arrest, vehicle inventory, or search warrants. We define higher discretion searches as searches where the only listed search basis was “consent given.” A “yield” is when an officer discovers contraband or evidence in the possession of an individual who the officer searched.
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Table 5.13.2 Yield rates by Age Without California Highway Patrol Data
Age Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion 0-9 10-14 15-17
20 (22.7 %) 131 (16.8 %)
1,022 (22.0 %)
12 (31.6 %) 48 (16.4 %)
372 (27.0 %)
0 (0.0 %) 3 (5.0 %)
51 (10.6 %) 18-24 25-34
7,652 (23.0 %) 14,685 (22.1 %)
2,760 (28.0 %) 6,160 (27.9 %)
484 (10.3 %) 991 (10.9 %)
35-44 45-54
7,988 (23.3 %) 4,436 (23.6 %)
3,902 (28.8 %) 2,311 (27.0 %)
538 (12.2 %) 349 (14.8 %)
55-64 65+
1,855 (24.0 %) 350 (21.4 %)
1,048 (26.0 %) 227 (23.9 %)
125 (16.2 %) 22 (16.7 %)
Total 38,139 (22.7 %) 16,840 (27.8 %) 2563 (11.7 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 5.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 5.13.3 Yield rates by Age for Officer-Initiated Stops
Age Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion 0-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
19 (24.1 %) 100 (19.7 %) 862 (23.1 %)
6,871 (22.9 %) 12,603 (21.9 %) 6,655 (23.4 %) 3,716 (24.6 %) 1,520 (25.2 %)
284 (22.6 %)
12 (35.3 %) 28 (18.1 %)
275 (29.3 %) 2,275 (25.7 %) 4,895 (25.9 %) 3,085 (28.2 %) 1,865 (27.4 %)
835 (26.2 %) 182 (24.2 %)
0 (0.0 %) 2 (3.9 %)
44 (10.1 %) 439 (10.1 %) 907 (10.9 %) 479 (12.1 %) 314 (15.3 %) 116 (17.9 %) 20 (18.2 %)
Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 5.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 5.13.4 Yield rates by Age for Officer-Initiated Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Age Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion
0-9 18 (23.7 %) 11 (35.5 %) 0 (0.0 %) 10-14 99 (19.9 %) 27 (18.1 %) 2 (3.9 %) 15-17 838 (22.9 %) 263 (29.6 %) 44 (10.1 %) 18-24 6,542 (23.5 %) 2,091 (30.0 %) 438 (10.1 %) 25-34 12,093 (22.6 %) 4,560 (29.9 %) 901 (10.9 %) 35-44 6,355 (24.0 %) 2,880 (31.4 %) 477 (12.1 %) 45-54 3,557 (25.4 %) 1,760 (30.1 %) 311 (15.2 %) 55-64 1,452 (26.6 %) 791 (29.5 %) 115 (17.8 %) 65+ 261 (23.9 %) 168 (27.6 %) 19 (17.8 %) Total 31,215 (23.5 %) 12,551 (30.2 %) 2,307 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 5.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 5.13.5 Yield rates by Age for Call for Service Stops
Age Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion 0-9 2 (16.7 %) 1 (14.3 %) 0 (0.0 %) 10-14 32 (11.3 %) 21 (14.6 %) 1 (11.1 %) 15-17 187 (18.8 %) 110 (22.4 %) 7 (15.2 %) 18-24 1,128 (20.2 %) 683 (22.6 %) 46 (13.5 %) 25-34 2,640 (19.8 %) 1,639 (22.9 %) 91 (11.7 %) 35-44 1,660 (20.5 %) 1,044 (22.9 %) 61 (13.7 %) 45-54 890 (18.1 %) 562 (19.8 %) 38 (12.8 %) 55-64 412 (17.6 %) 265 (18.6 %) 10 (8.1 %) 65+ 95 (16.6 %) 63 (17.3 %) 3 (13.6 %) Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %)
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Age Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 5.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 5.13.6 Yield rates by Age for Call for Service Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Age Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion 0-9 2 (16.7 %) 1 (14.3 %) 0 (0.0 %) 10-14 32 (11.4 %) 21 (14.7 %) 1 (11.1 %) 15-17 184 (18.6 %) 109 (22.4 %) 7 (15.2 %) 18-24 1,110 (20.5 %) 669 (23.3 %) 46 (13.5 %) 25-34 2,592 (19.9 %) 1,600 (23.4 %) 90 (11.6 %) 35-44 1,633 (20.8 %) 1,022 (23.4 %) 61 (13.7 %) 45-54 879 (18.4 %) 551 (20.3 %) 38 (12.8 %) 55-64 403 (17.9 %) 257 (19.1 %) 10 (8.2 %) 65+ 89 (16.3 %) 59 (17.4 %) 3 (13.6 %) Total 6,924 (19.7 %) 4,289 (22.5 %) 256 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 5.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 5.14.1 Citation/Arrest Rates by Age
Citation for In-field Cite Custodial Arrests Custodial Arrests Age All Offenses Infraction and Release Without a Warrant With a Warrant 1-9 618 (46.5%) 489 (36.8%) 102 (7.7%) 24 (1.8%) 16 (1.2%) 10-14 920 (33.3%) 310 (11.2%) 274 (9.9%) 305 (11.0%) 50 (1.8%) 15-17 9,274 (49.5%) 6,541 (34.9%) 1,158 (6.2%) 1,405 (7.5%) 333 (1.8%) 18-24 194,716 (62.9%) 157,893 (51.0%) 18,198 (5.9%) 17,106 (5.5%) 3,772 (1.2%) 25-34 346,377 (59.7%) 270,598 (46.6%) 34,582 (6.0%) 34,648 (6.0%) 11,821 (2.0%) 35-44 228,504 (60.1%) 181,341 (47.7%) 23,109 (6.1%) 19,452 (5.1%) 7,642 (2.0%)
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45-54 165,832 (59.8%) 133,683 (48.2%) 17,833 (6.4%) 11,632 (4.2%) 4,606 (1.7%) 55-64 101,534 (61.3%) 84,125 (50.8%) 10,743 (6.5%) 5,732 (3.5%) 1,933 (1.2%) 65+ 37,690 (58.5%) 31,884 (49.5%) 4,271 (6.6%) 1,480 (2.3%) 330 (0.5%) Total 1,085,465 (60.3%) 866,864 (48.2%) 110,270 (6.1%) 91,784 (5.1%) 30,503 (1.7%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 5.14.2 Citation/Arrest Rates by Age without California Highway Patrol
Age All Offenses Citation for Infraction
In-field Cite and Release
Custodial Arrests Without a Warrant
Custodial Arrests With a Warrant
1-9 356 (40.0%) 236 (26.5%) 96 (10.8%) 17 (1.9%) 16 (1.8%) 10-14 853 (33.3%) 265 (10.4%) 268 (10.5%) 291 (11.4%) 46 (1.8%) 15-17 4,496 (37.8%) 2,047 (17.2%) 1,012 (8.5%) 1,223 (10.3%) 324 (2.7%) 18-24 66,266 (50.0%) 37,623 (28.4%) 16,247 (12.2%) 10,404 (7.8%) 3,433 (2.6%) 25-34 131,366 (49.5%) 71,014 (26.7%) 31,119 (11.7%) 22,252 (8.4%) 10,822 (4.1%) 35-44 85,505 (53.0%) 46,434 (28.8%) 21,098 (13.1%) 13,200 (8.2%) 6,965 (4.3%) 45-54 60,995 (54.8%) 33,501 (30.1%) 16,539 (14.8%) 8,169 (7.3%) 4,244 (3.8%) 55-64 35,227 (59.4%) 20,387 (34.4%) 10,045 (16.9%) 3,808 (6.4%) 1,756 (3.0%) 65+ 13,105 (62.0%) 8,082 (38.2%) 4,070 (19.2%) 871 (4.1%) 300 (1.4%) Total 398,169 (51.9%) 219,589 (28.6%) 100,494 (13.1%) 60,235 (7.9%) 27,906 (3.6%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Subsection 6: Limited English Fluency Tables
Table 6.1 Number of Individuals Stopped by Limited English Fluency
Limited English Fluency Count %
No Limited English Fluency 1,715,046 95.3%
Limited English Fluency 85,008 4.7%
Total 1,800,054 100.0%
Note. Percentages were calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
Table 6.2 Stop Circumstance by Limited English Fluency
Limited English Fluency Officer Initiated Calls for Service
Count % Count %
No Limited English Fluency 1,635,177 95.3 79,86 4.7% % 9
Limited English Fluency 79,499 93.5 5,509 6.5% %
Total 1,714,676 95.3 85,37 4.7 % 8 %
Note. Percentages are based off total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054).
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Table 6.3.1 Reason for Stop by Limited English Fluency
Limited English Fluency
No Limited English Fluency
Traffic Violation
84.9%
Reason Suspicion
11.2%
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
0.6%
Warrant
0.7%
Truant
0.3%
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
2.2%
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
0.0%
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy* 0.0%
Total
1,715,046
Limited English Fluency 81.6% 15.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 85,008
Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students.Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 6.3.2 Traffic Violation Types by Limited English Fluency
Limited English Fluency Moving Equipment Non-moving Identity Group Total
No Limited English Fluency 65.9% 14.3% 19.8% 1,456,450
Limited English Fluency 62.6% 19.7% 17.7% 69,405
Total 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,525,855
Note. Frequencies are based off total number of individuals stopped for a traffic violation (N = 1,525,8556) per identity group (Identity Group Total” column).
6 While 1,525,853 individuals were stopped for traffic violations, due to a system error 1,525,855 (i.e. two more) individuals had a response for traffic violation type and are reported in the data.
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Table 6.3.3 Reason for Stop Reasonable Suspicion Breakdown by Limited English Fluency
Limited English Fluency
Officer Witness
Commiss Crime
Match Susp Descr
Witness/ Victim
Identific
Carry Suspicious Weapon
Casing Suspect
Acting as a Lookout
Drug Transaction
Engaging In a
Violent Crime
Other
Identity Group Total
No Limited 36.5% 28.9% 14.2% 1.7% 1.3% 0.6% 1.4% 0.7% 26.6% 192,504 English Fluency Limited English 41.5% 25.4% 18.5% 1.4% 0.9% 0.6% 1.6% 0.8% 24.0% 12,989 Fluency
Reasonable Suspicion Total 36.8% 28.7% 14.5% 1.6% 1.3% 0.6% 1.4% 0.7% 26.4% 205,493
Note. Reasonable suspicion subcategory percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who were stopped for reasonable suspicion (N = 205,493) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Abbreviation for Reason for Stop left to right. Officer Witness Commiss Crime= Officer Witness Commission of a Crime, Match Susp Descr= Matched Suspect Description, Witness/Victim Identific= Witness/Victim Identification.
Table 6.3.4 Reason for Stop by Stop Circumstance and English Fluency
Determine Parole/ Possible Consensual Whether Probation/ Conduct English Stop Traffic Reason Encounter Student Identity Group PRCS/ Warrant Truant Under Fluency Circumstance Violation Suspicion Resulting Violated Total Count Mandatory Educate in Search School Supervision Code* Policy* No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency
Officer Initiated Call for Service Officer Initiated Call for Service
88.4% 8.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,635,177
14.3% 72.9% 0.9% 2.2% 2.3% 7.3% 0.0% 0.1% 79,869
85.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.7% 0.3% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 79,499
22.1% 70.2% 0.2% 2.0% 1.4% 4.0% - 0.0% 5,509
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English Fluency
Stop Circumstance
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total Count
Total
Officer Initiated Call for Service
88.3%
14.8%
8.4%
72.8%
0.6%
0.9%
0.6%
2.2%
0.2%
2.2%
1.9%
7.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1,714,676
85,378
Overall Total 84.80% 11.40% 0.60% 0.70% 0.30% 2.20% 0.00% 0.00% 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 6.4 Actions Taken During Stop by Limited English Fluency
No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency Total
Removed from Vehicle by Order 3.7% 4.9% 3.8%
Removed from Vehicle by Physical Contact 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Field Sobriety Test 1.4% 2.7% 1.4%
Curbside Detention 5.4% 7.1% 5.5%
Handcuffed 7.1% 9.9% 7.2%
Patrol Car Detention 4.1% 4.4% 4.1%
Canine Search 0.0% 0.2% 0.0%
Firearm Point 0.3% 0.5% 0.3%
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No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency Total
Firearm Discharge 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Electronic Control Device 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Impact Projectile Discharge 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Canine Bite 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Baton 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Chemical Spray 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Other Physical of Vehicle Contact 0.3% 0.2% 0.3%
Person Photographed 0.6% 0.7% 0.6%
Asked for Consent to Search Person 2.2% 1.4% 2.1%
Searched Person 9.1% 11.5% 9.2%
Asked for Consent to Search Property 1.1% 1.1% 1.1%
Searched Property 4.0% 4.0% 4.0%
Property Seized 0.7% 0.9% 0.7%
Vehicle Impound 1.0% 2.4% 1.1%
Admission/ Written Statement Obtained from Student* 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
No Action Taken 82.3% 76.0% 82.0%
Search Person Consent Given 2.0% 1.2% 91.6%
Search Property Consent given 1.0% 0.9% 88.2%
Identity Group Total 1,715,046 85,008 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students.
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Table 6.5 Basis for Search by Limited English Fluency
No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency Total Consent Given 27.8% 23.0% 27.5% Officer Safety/ Safety of Others 30.5% 33.0% 30.7% Search Warrant 1.3% 2.1% 1.3% Condition of Parole/ Probation/ PRCS/ 20.6% 8.3% 19.8% Mandatory Supervision Suspected Weapon 9.5% 9.9% 9.5% Visible Contraband 5.1% 3.1% 5.0% Odor of Contraband 5.2% 2.5% 5.1% Canine Detection 0.2% 0.5% 0.2% Evidence of Crime 5.6% 6.4% 5.6% Incident to Arrest 36.0% 45.6% 36.6% Exigent Circumstances/Emergency 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% Vehicle Inventory 3.1% 4.2% 3.1% Suspected Violation of School Policy* 0.0% - 0.0% Identity Group Total 168,401 10,574 178,975 Note. Basis for search frequencies were calculated based off the number of individuals who had a person and/or property search (N = 178,975) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 6.6 Contraband or Evidence Discovered by Limited English Fluency
No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency Total None 96.7% 95.4% 96.6%
Firearm(s) 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Ammunition 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm 0.3% 0.4% 0.3%
Drugs/Narcotics 1.4% 1.2% 1.3%
Alcohol 0.7% 1.9% 0.8%
Money 0.1% 0.4% 0.1%
Drug Paraphernalia 0.8% 0.4% 0.7%
Stolen Property 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Cell Phones or Electronic Devices 0.1% 0.2% 0.1%
Other Contraband or Evidence 0.4% 0.6% 0.4%
Identity Group Total 1,715,046 85,008 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row).
Table 6.7 Basis for Property Seizure by Limited English Fluency
Limited Suspected Impound of Abandoned Identity Group English Safekeeping Contraband Evidence Violation of Vehicle Property Total Fluency School Policy* No Limited 10.4% 37.2% 72.8% 15.2% 0.7% 0.2% 12,051 English Fluency
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Limited 7.4% 33.9% 74.2% 18.9% 1.0% - 729 English Fluency Total 10.2% 37.0% 72.9% 15.5% 0.7% 0.2% 12,780 Note. Basis for property seizure percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 6.8 Type of Property of Seized by Limited English Fluency
No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency Total
Firearm(s) 11.0% 8.4% 10.9% Ammunition 8.3% 6.0% 8.1% Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm 10.6% 12.1% 10.7% Drugs/Narcotics 39.3% 40.3% 39.3% Alcohol 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% Money 9.0% 21.4% 9.7% Drug Paraphernalia 26.3% 14.4% 25.6% Suspected Stolen Property 11.2% 5.6% 10.9% Cell phone(s) or Electronic Device(s) 9.6% 15.5% 10.0% Vehicle 12.1% 15.8% 12.3% Other Contraband or Evidence 22.3% 21.3% 22.2% Identity Group Total 12,051 729 12,780 Note. Type of property seized percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group “Identity Group Total” row).
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Table 6.9.1 Result of Stop by Limited English Fluency
No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency Total No Action 12.6% 12.5% 12.6% Warning 23.8% 23.3% 23.8% Citation for Infraction 48.2% 46.9% 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 5.1% 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.7% 1.3% 1.7% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.0% 8.0% 5.1% Field Interview Card Completed 5.1% 7.4% 5.2% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% - 0.0% Identity Group Total 1,715,046 85,008 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 6.9.2 Result of Stop by Stop Circumstance and English Fluency
English Fluency Result of Stop Officer
Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Count
Identity Group Total
% No Action 12.2% 22.1% 216,664 12.6% Warning 24.3% 14.6% 408,621 23.8%
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- -
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Identity Identity English Officer Call for Result of Stop Group Total Group Total Fluency Initiated Service Count %
No Limited English Fluency
Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
50.2% 6.2% 1.5% 3.9% 4.5% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
6.7% 5.0% 6.5% 26.9% 17.4% 3.1% 1.0% 7.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
827,010 48.2% 105,959 6.2% 29,403 1.7% 84,990 5.0% 87,251 5.1% 4,693 0.3% 2,341 0.1% 9,698 0.6%
90 0.0% 255 0.0% 59 0.0%
Limited English Fluency
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
12.2% 24.1% 49.3% 5.1% 1.1% 6.1% 6.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
-
17.8% 12.1% 11.5% 4.3% 4.1% 35.1% 23.3% 2.8% 0.6% 4.8% 0.1%
--
10,666 12.5% 19,835 23.3% 39,854 46.9% 4,311 5.1% 1,100 1.3% 6,794 8.0% 6,283 7.4% 330 0.4% 81 0.1% 454 0.5% 8 0.0% 1 0.0%
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Identity Identity English Officer Call for Result of Stop Group Total Group Total Fluency Initiated Service Count % No Action 12.2% 21.8% 227,330 12.6% Warning 24.3% 14.4% 428,456 23.8% Citation for Infraction 50.2% 7.0% 866,864 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 4.9% 110,270 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.5% 6.3% 30,503 1.7% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 4.0% 27.4% 91,784 5.1%
Total Field Interview Card Completed 4.6% 17.8% 93,534 5.2% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.1% 3.1% 5,023 0.3% Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.0% 2,422 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.2% 6.9% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 98 0.0% Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Stop Circumstance Total 1,714,676 85,378 1,800,054 Note. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
Table 6.10 English Fluency Breakdown by Officer Assignment Type
English Fluency Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School Other Total
No Limited English Fluency Limited English Fluency
Count
1,605,157
76,927
%
95.4%
4.6%
Count
31,074
1,767
%
94.6%
5.4%
Count
6,392
1,333
%
82.7%
17.3%
Count
1,676
35
%
98.0%
2.0%
Count
70,747
4,946
%
93.5%
6.5%
1,715,046
85,008
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Total 1,682,084 93.4% 32,841 1.8% 7,725 0.4% 1,711 0.1% 75,693 4.2% 1,800,054 Note. Percentage in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are in reference to the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
Table 6.11 Reason for Stop by Officer Assignment Type and English Fluency
English Fluency Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
No Limited English Fluency
Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
86.2%
57.6%
25.3%
41.6%
10.5%
26.2%
66.8%
33.0%
0.4%
8.4%
1.4%
0.4%
0.6%
1.8%
2.7%
1.7%
0.3%
0.7%
-
4.5%
1.9%
5.3%
3.8%
9.7%
0.0%
-
-
2.5%
0.0%
-
-
6.6%
1,605,157
31,074
6,392
1,676
Other 74.7% 15.3% 1.3% 2.2% 0.3% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 70,747
Limited English Fluency
Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
83.3%
65.1%
16.7%
71.4%
14.2%
23.1%
76.2%
20.0%
0.2%
5.0%
0.2%
-
0.6%
2.1%
1.4%
-
0.3%
0.2%
-
2.9%
1.4%
4.4%
5.6%
2.9%
-
-
-
2.9%
0.0%
-
-
-
76,927
1,767
1,333
35
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English Fluency Officer
Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Other 79.3% 13.5% 0.4% 2.2% 0.8% 3.7% - - 4,946 Patrol 86.1% 10.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,682,084
Officer Gang Enforcement 58.0% 26.0% 8.2% 1.8% 0.6% 5.3% - - 32,841
Assignment Type Total
Narcotics K-12 Public School
23.8%
42.3%
68.5%
32.7%
1.2%
0.4%
2.5%
1.6%
-
4.4%
4.1%
9.5%
-
2.5%
-
6.5%
7,725
1,711
Other 75.0% 15.2% 1.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 75,693 Overall Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
Table 6.12 Result of Stop by Officer Assignment Type and English Fluency
English Fluency Result of Stop Patrol Gang
Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
Percent No Action 11.9% 38.0% 7.7% 6.7% 17.7% 216,664 12.6%
No Limited English Fluency
Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to
23.8% 49.2% 6.3% 1.6%
28.2% 7.3% 1.5% 3.6%
18.1% 28.3% 22.8% 4.5%
10.3% 38.0% 24.3% 1.3%
23.4% 45.1% 3.8% 2.5%
408,621 827,010 105,959 29,403
23.8% 48.2% 6.2% 1.7%
Outstanding Warrant
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English Fluency Result of Stop Patrol Gang
Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
Percent Custodial Arrest Without 4.9% 5.9% 16.6% 6.1% 4.9% 84,990 5.0% Warrant Field Interview Card Completed 4.7% 23.8% 16.3% 3.3% 5.7% 87,251 5.1% Noncriminal Transport or 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 1.7% 0.2% 4,693 0.3% Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 14.2% 0.2% 2,341 0.1% Guardian Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.1% - 2.9% 0.3% 9,698 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of 0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 90 0.0% Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.5% 0.0% 255 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 59 0.0% No Action 11.3% 29.8% 10.3% 11.4% 26.5% 10,666 12.5% Warning 23.7% 32.8% 8.7% 28.6% 17.4% 19,835 23.3% Citation for Infraction 48.3% 8.8% 33.8% 42.9% 42.5% 39,854 46.9% In-Field Cite and Release 4.8% 1.5% 29.8% 11.4% 4.3% 4,311 5.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to 1.3% 2.6% 1.7% - 1.0% 1,100 1.3% Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without 8.1% 5.8% 13.3% - 5.4% 6,794 8.0% Warrant
Limited English Field Interview Card Completed 6.9% 27.7% 9.2% 5.7% 6.8% 6,283 7.4% Fluency Noncriminal Transport or 0.4% 0.1% 1.1% 2.9% 0.3% 330 0.4%
Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal 0.1% 0.2% - - 0.1% 81 0.1% Guardian Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.2% - 2.9% 0.2% 454 0.5% Referred to U.S. Department of 0.0% - - - 0.0% 8 0.0% Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* - - - 2.9% - 1 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -
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English Fluency Result of Stop Patrol Gang
Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
Percent No Action 11.9% 37.6% 8.1% 6.8% 18.2% 227,330 12.6% Warning 23.8% 28.4% 16.4% 10.7% 23.0% 428,456 23.8% Citation for Infraction 49.2% 7.4% 29.2% 38.1% 44.9% 866,864 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 1.5% 24.0% 24.0% 3.8% 110,270 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.6% 3.5% 4.0% 1.2% 2.4% 30,503 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.0% 5.9% 16.1% 6.0% 4.9% 91,784 5.1%
Total Field Interview Card Completed 4.8% 24.0% 15.1% 3.3% 5.8% 93,534 5.2%
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 1.8% 0.2% 5,023 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 13.9% 0.2% 2,422 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.1% - 2.9% 0.3% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 98 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.3% 0.0% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Officer Assignment Type Total 1,682,084 32,841 7,725 1,711 75,693 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group per officer assignment type (see Table 6.10). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
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Table 6.13.1 Yield rates by Limited English Fluency
Limited English Fluency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 37,472 (22.3 %) 16,610 (25.4 %) 2,412 (11.7 %) Yes 2,204 (20.8 %) 1,230 (23.4 %) 166 (12.7 %) Total 39,676 (22.2 %) 17,840 (25.3 %) 2578 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. A yield rate refers to the proportion of searched individuals who officers found to be in possession of contraband or evidence. We define lower discretion searches as searches where officers provided one or more of the following reasons as the basis for conducting the search: incident to arrest, vehicle inventory, or search warrants. We define higher discretion searches as searches where the only listed search basis was “consent given.” A “yield” is when an officer discovers contraband or evidence in the possession of an individual who the officer searched.
Table 6.13.2 Yield rates by Limited English Fluency Without California Highway Patrol Data
Limited English Fluency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 36,036 (22.8 %) 15,675 (27.9 %) 2,398 (11.6 %) Yes 2,103 (21.6 %) 1,165 (25.9 %) 165 (12.6 %) Total 38,139 (22.7 %) 16,840 (27.8 %) 2,563 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 6.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 6.13.3 Yield rates by Limited English Fluency for Officer-Initiated Stops
Limited English Fluency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 32,270 (22.9 %) 13,256 (26.7 %) 2,302 (11.6 %) Yes 360 (22.0 %) 196 (22.3 %) 19 (13.5 %) Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 6.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 6.13.4 Yield rates by Limited English Fluency for Officer-Initiated Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Limited English Fluency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 29,531 (23.6 %) 11,661 (30.2 %) 2,152 (11.5 %) Yes 1,684 (23.0 %) 890 (29.6 %) 155 (12.9 %) Total 31,215 (23.5 %) 12,551 (30.2 %) 2,307 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 6.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 6.13.5 Yield rates by Limited English Fluency for Call for Service Stops
Limited English Fluency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 6,896 (19.5 %) 4,290 (22.0 %) 251 (12.5 %) Yes 150 (17.8 %) 98 (19.4 %) 6 (12.8 %) Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 6.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 6.13.6 Yield rates by Limited English Fluency for Call for Service Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Limited English Fluency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion No 6,505 (19.9 %) 4,014 (22.8 %) 246 (12.6 %) Yes 419 (17.4 %) 275 (18.5 %) 10 (9.6 %) Total 6,924 (19.7 %) 4,289 (22.5 %) 256 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 6.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 6.14.1 Citation/Arrest Rates by Limited English Fluency
Citation for In-field Cite Custodial Arrests Custodial Arrests Limited English Fluency All Offenses Infraction and Release Without a Warrant With a Warrant No 1,034,195 (60.3%) 827,010 (48.2%) 105,959 (6.2%) 84,990 (5.0%) 29,403 (1.7%) Yes 51,270 (60.3%) 39,854 (46.9%) 4,311 (5.1%) 6,794 (8.0%) 1,100 (1.3%) Total 1,085,465 (60.3%) 866,864 (48.2%) 110,270 (6.1%) 91,784 (5.1%) 30,503 (1.7%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 6.14.2 Citation/Arrest Rates by Limited English Fluency without California Highway Patrol
Citation for In-field Cite Custodial Arrests Custodial Arrests Limited English Fluency All Offenses Infraction and Release Without a Warrant With a Warrant No 374,756 (51.8%) 205,001 (28.3%) 96,851 (13.4%) 55,614 (7.7%) 26,874 (3.7%) Yes 23,413 (54.6%) 14,588 (34.0%) 3,643 (8.5%) 4,621 (10.8%) 1,032 (2.4%) Total 398,169 (51.9%) 219,589 (28.6%) 100,494 (13.1%) 60,235 (7.9%) 27,906 (3.6%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Subsection 7: Disability Tables
Table 7.1 Number of Individuals Stopped by Disability
Disability Type Count % Blind 391 0.0% Deafness 1,317 0.1% Developmental 711 0.0% Hyperactivity* 8 0.0% Mental Health Cond. 11,511 0.6% Multiple Disability 1,237 0.1% Other 3,563 0.2% Speech Impairment 907 0.1% No Disability 1,780,409 98.9% Total 1,800,054 100.0%
Note. Percentages were calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students.
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Table 7.2 Stop Circumstance by Disability
Disability Type Officer Initiated Calls for Service
Count % Count %
Blind 308 78.8% 83 21.2%
Deafness 1,173 89.1% 144 10.9%
Developmental 486 68.4% 225 31.6%
Hyperactivity* 3 37.5% 5 62.5%
Mental Health Cond. 5,251 45.6% 6,260 54.4%
Multiple Disability 705 57.0% 532 43.0%
Other 2,777 77.9% 786 22.1%
Speech Impairment 744 82.0% 163 18.0%
No Disability 1,703,229 95.7% 77,180 4.3%
Total 1,714,676 95.3% 85,378 4.7%
Note. Percentages are based off total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students.
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Table 7.3.1 Reason for Stop by Disability
Disability Type
Blind
Traffic Violation
41.9%
Reason Suspicion
47.3%
Parole/ Probation / PRCS/
Mandator y
Supervisi on
0.8%
Warrant
3.3%
Truant
1.3%
Consensua l
Encounter Resulting in Search
5.4%
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
-
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
-
Identity Group Total
391
Deafness 67.1% 26.0% 0.9% 1.7% 0.9% 3.2% - 0.1% 1,317
Developmental 29.8% 55.6% 1.8% 1.4% 2.3% 8.7% 0.4% - 711
Hyperactivity* - 12.5% - 12.5% 25.0% 25.0% - 25.0% 8
Mental Health Cond. Multiple Disability Other
6.0%
19.7%
43.0%
76.6%
64.5%
45.5%
1.0%
1.1%
1.4%
2.0%
2.1%
2.5%
3.6%
3.8%
1.6%
10.7%
8.7%
6.0%
-
-
-
0.0%
-
0.0%
11,511
1,237
3,563
Speech Impairment No Disability
50.2%
85.5%
40.1%
10.8%
0.6%
0.6%
1.9%
0.7%
1.5%
0.3%
5.6%
2.1%
0.1%
0.0%
-
0.0%
907
1,780,409
Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 7.3.2 Traffic Violation Types by Disability
Disability Type Moving Equipment Non-moving Identity Group Total
Blind 63.4% 19.5% 17.1% 164
Deafness 66.7% 18.0% 15.3% 884
Developmental 66.5% 12.7% 20.8% 212
Hyperactivity* - - - -
Mental Health Cond. 54.4% 8.7% 36.9% 691
Multiple Disability 59.4% 13.1% 27.5% 244
Other 59.5% 16.0% 24.5% 1,533
Speech Impairment 65.3% 19.8% 14.9% 455
No Disability 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,521,672
Total 65.8% 14.6% 19.7% 1,525,855
Note. Frequencies are based off total number of individuals stopped for a traffic violation (N = 1,525,8557) per identity group (Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
7 While 1,525,853 individuals were stopped for traffic violations, due to a system error 1,525,855 (i.e. two more) individuals had a response for traffic violation type and are reported in the data.
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Table 7.3.3 Reason for Stop Reasonable Suspicion Breakdown by Disability
Disability Type
Blind
Officer Witness
Commiss Crime 38.9%
Match Susp Descr
27.0%
Witness/ Victim
Identific
16.8%
Carry Suspicious Weapon
1.6%
Casing
3.2%
Suspect Acting as a
Lookout
1.1%
Drug Transaction
1.6%
Engaging In a
Violent Crime 1.1%
Other
21.1%
Identity Group
Total
185
Deafness 33.2% 29.7% 16.0% 1.2% 0.9% 1.2% 1.5% 1.2% 26.8% 343
Developmental 22.0% 44.6% 17.5% 0.5% 0.5% - 0.8% 0.5% 26.1% 395
Hyperactivity* - - 100.0% - - - - - 100.0% 1
Mental Health Cond. Multiple Disability Other
11.4%
14.9%
36.3%
38.9%
41.2%
29.8%
20.5%
21.4%
16.5%
1.4%
1.4%
1.0%
0.5%
0.6%
0.4%
0.0%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.9%
0.6%
0.4%
0.6%
42.5%
36.1%
25.7%
8,821
798
1,621
Speech Impairment No Disability
37.1%
38.1%
29.1%
28.1%
15.9%
14.1%
0.8%
1.7%
2.2%
1.3%
0.8%
0.6%
1.1%
1.5%
0.5%
0.7%
25.5%
25.7%
364
192,965
Reasonable Suspicion Total 36.8% 28.7% 14.5% 1.6% 1.3% 0.6% 1.4% 0.7% 26.4% 205,493 Note. Reasonable suspicion subcategory percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who were stopped for reasonable suspicion (N = 205,493) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Abbreviation for Reason for Stop left to right. Officer Witness Commiss Crime= Officer Witness Commission of a Crime, Match Susp Descr= Matched Suspect Description, Witness/Victim Identific= Witness/Victim Identification. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 7.3.4 Reason for Stop by Stop Circumstance and Disability
Disability Stop Circumstance
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Count
Officer Initiated 49.7% 39.9% 1.0% 3.2% 1.0% 5.2% - - 308 Blind Call for Service 13.3% 74.7% - 3.6% 2.4% 6.0% - - 83
Officer Initiated 74.1% 20.0% 1.0% 1.4% 0.7% 2.8% - - 1,173 Deafness Call for Service 10.4% 75.0% - 4.9% 2.8% 6.3% - 0.7% 144
Officer Initiated 40.9% 45.3% 2.3% 1.2% 1.9% 8.0% 0.4% - 486 Developmental Call for Service 5.8% 77.8% 0.9% 1.8% 3.1% 10.2% 0.4% - 225
Officer Initiated - - - 33.3% - 33.3% - 33.3% 3 Hyperactivity Call for Service - 20.0% - - 40.0% 20.0% - 20.0% 5
Mental Health Officer Initiated 10.4% 72.1% 1.6% 2.8% 3.7% 9.5% - 0.0% 5,251
Cond. Call for Service 2.3% 80.5% 0.6% 1.4% 3.6% 11.6% - 0.0% 6,260
Multiple Officer Initiated 29.5% 55.7% 1.4% 2.1% 3.4% 7.8% - - 705
Disability Call for Service 6.8% 76.1% 0.8% 2.1% 4.3% 10.0% - - 532
Officer Initiated 52.5% 36.8% 1.7% 2.5% 1.2% 5.3% - - 2,777 Other Call for Service 9.7% 76.1% 0.4% 2.7% 2.9% 8.1% - 0.1% 786
Speech Officer Initiated 57.9% 33.3% 0.5% 1.7% 1.1% 5.2% 0.1% - 744
Impairment Call for Service 14.7% 71.2% 0.6% 2.5% 3.7% 7.4% - - 163
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Disability
No Disability
Stop Circumstance
Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Traffic Violation
88.6%
15.9%
Reason Suspicion
8.1%
72.1%
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
0.6%
0.9%
Warrant
0.6%
2.3%
Truant
0.2%
2.1%
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
1.9%
6.7%
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
0.0%
0.0%
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy* 0.0%
0.0%
Identity Group Total
Count
1,703,229
77,180
Total Officer Initiated Call for Service
88.3%
14.8%
8.4%
72.8%
0.6%
0.9%
0.6%
2.2%
0.2%
2.2%
1.9%
7.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1,714,676
85,378 Overall Total 84.80% 11.40% 0.60% 0.70% 0.30% 2.20% 0.00% 0.00% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 7.4 Actions Taken During Stop by Disability
Blind Deafness Developmental Hyperactivity* Mental Health Cond.
Multiple Disability Other Speech
Impairment No
Disability Total
Removed from 6.4% 7.4% 3.4% - 1.4% 2.4% 7.7% 4.5% 3.8% 3.8% Vehicle by Order Removed from - 0.4% 0.1% - 0.4% 0.2% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% Vehicle by Physical Contact Field Sobriety Test 5.1% 1.4% 2.1% - 1.2% 1.8% 3.1% 2.0% 1.4% 1.4%
Curbside Detention 17.6% 10.9% 21.8% 12.5% 20.1% 16.7% 19.4% 17.9% 5.3% 5.5%
Handcuffed 24.6% 12.3% 24.8% 12.5% 55.0% 33.1% 18.6% 18.1% 6.8% 7.2%
Patrol Car Detention 10.5% 5.9% 10.5% 25.0% 22.0% 17.5% 7.5% 9.5% 4.0% 4.1%
Canine Search - 0.2% - - 0.1% - 0.1% - 0.0% 0.0%
Firearm Point 0.5% 0.8% 0.7% - 1.3% 0.6% 1.3% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3%
Firearm Discharge - - - - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0%
Electronic Control - - - - 0.3% 0.1% - - 0.0% 0.0% Device Impact Projectile - - - - 0.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0% Discharge Canine Bite - - - - 0.0% - - - 0.0% 0.0%
Baton - - - - 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Chemical Spray - - 0.1% - 0.2% - - - 0.0% 0.0%
Other Physical of 0.5% 0.4% 0.7% - 2.4% 2.4% 0.9% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3% Vehicle Contact Person Photographed 2.0% 0.7% 2.8% - 3.1% 3.6% 2.2% 1.5% 0.6% 0.6%
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Blind Deafness Developmental Hyperactivity* Mental Health Cond.
Multiple Disability Other Speech
Impairment No
Disability Total
Asked for Consent to 3.8% 3.3% 8.6% - 6.8% 7.0% 4.9% 6.0% 2.1% 2.1% Search Person Searched Person 27.6% 16.5% 23.8% 12.5% 44.4% 30.2% 21.8% 20.0% 8.9% 9.2%
Asked for Consent to 1.3% 2.1% 2.8% 12.5% 2.3% 2.1% 2.6% 2.5% 1.1% 1.1% Search Property Searched Property 11.3% 8.2% 7.6% - 12.1% 9.2% 10.1% 8.9% 3.9% 4.0%
Property Seized 1.8% 0.8% 1.4% - 2.8% 1.8% 3.0% 1.9% 0.7% 0.7%
Vehicle Impound 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% - 0.5% 1.1% 2.0% 2.3% 1.1% 1.1%
Admission/ Written - - - - 0.0% 0.2% - 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% Statement Obtained from Student* No Action Taken 51.4% 66.8% 49.4% 62.5% 23.6% 41.4% 53.6% 56.7% 82.5% 82.0%
Search Person 3.6% 3.0% 7.9% - 6.1% 6.4% 4.4% 5.7% 1.9% 2.0% Consent Given Search Property 1.3% 1.9% 2.7% 0.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.3% 2.5% 1.0% 1.0% Consent given Identity Group Total 391 1,317 711 8 11,511 1,237 3,563 907 1,780,409 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 154: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
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Table 7.5 Basis for Search by Disability
Blind Deafness Developmental Hyperactivity* Mental Health Cond.
Multiple Disability Other Speech
Impairment No
Disability Total
Consent Given 22.0% 39.6% 26.9% - 15.7% 20.9% 24.1% 25.8% 27.9% 27.5%
Officer Safety/ Safety of 36.4% 33.2% 34.1% 100.0% 52.4% 50.5% 31.9% 40.4% 29.9% 30.7% Others Search Warrant 2.5% 1.7% - - 0.3% 1.3% 3.4% 2.5% 1.4% 1.3%
Condition of Parole/ 11.9% 18.3% 13.2% - 6.3% 5.3% 14.6% 12.1% 20.4% 19.8% Probation/ PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision Suspected Weapon 8.5% 8.5% 9.9% - 9.9% 10.8% 8.7% 12.1% 9.5% 9.5%
Visible Contraband 8.5% 6.8% 2.7% - 0.9% 1.3% 4.4% 2.0% 5.1% 5.0%
Odor of Contraband 3.4% 8.9% 2.7% - 0.3% 0.5% 2.2% 3.0% 5.3% 5.1%
Canine Detection - 0.9% - - - - - 0.5% 0.2% 0.2%
Evidence of Crime 6.8% 4.3% 3.8% - 4.2% 4.8% 6.5% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6%
Incident to Arrest 44.9% 24.7% 45.1% - 45.7% 42.7% 44.0% 39.9% 36.2% 36.6%
Exigent - 0.9% 0.5% 100.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% Circumstances/Emergency Vehicle Inventory 2.5% 2.6% 1.6% - 0.4% 1.3% 3.4% 3.0% 3.2% 3.1%
Suspected Violation of - - 0.5% - - - - - 0.0% 0.0% School Policy* Identity Group Total 118 235 182 1 5,386 398 859 198 171,598 178,975
Note. Basis for search frequencies were calculated based off the number of individuals who were subject to a search (N = 178,975) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 155: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
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Table 7.6 Contraband and Evidence Discovered by Disability
Blind Deafness Developmental Hyperactivity* Mental Health Cond.
Multiple Disability Other Speech
Impairment No
Disability Total
None 88.5% 92.4% 92.4% 75.0% 92.2% 93.6% 89.2% 91.8% 96.7% 96.6% Firearm(s) 0.3% 1.1% 0.6% - 0.4% 0.3% 0.7% - 0.2% 0.2% Ammunition - 0.1% 0.1% - 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% - 0.1% 0.1% Weapon(s) Other than a Firearm 1.0% 0.8% 1.0% 12.5% 2.5% 1.1% 1.2% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3%
Drugs/Narcotics 3.6% 2.1% 2.1% 12.5% 1.4% 0.9% 3.1% 2.3% 1.3% 1.3% Alcohol 2.8% 1.7% 1.5% - 0.7% 1.4% 3.0% 2.9% 0.8% 0.8% Money 0.8% 0.8% 0.1% - 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1% Drug Paraphernalia 2.3% 1.9% 1.7% 0.0% 1.6% 1.3% 2.5% 1.7% 0.7% 0.7% Stolen Property 0.8% 0.3% 0.8% - 0.6% 0.3% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% Cell Phones or Electronic Devices 0.8% 0.2% 0.1% - 0.2% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 0.1%
Other Contraband or Evidence 1.8% 1.3% 1.1% - 1.3% 1.7% 1.3% 1.1% 0.4% 0.4%
Identity Group Total 391 1,317 711 8 11,511 1,237 3,563 907 1,780,409 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 156: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
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Table 7.7 Basis for Property Seizure by Disability
Disability Type
Blind
Safekeeping
-
Contraband
42.9%
Evidence
71.4%
Impound of Vehicle
-
Abandoned Property
14.3%
Suspected Violation of
School Policy* -
Identity Group Total
7 Deafness - 60.0% 90.0% 30.0% - - 10 Developmental 10.0% 60.0% 50.0% 30.0% - - 10 Hyperactivity* - - - - - - -Mental Health 31.3% 25.5% 59.2% 2.1% 0.6% - 326 Cond. Multiple Disability Other
31.8%
19.0%
31.8%
40.0%
54.5%
66.7%
13.6%
12.4%
-
-
-
-
22
106 Speech Impairment No Disability
11.8%
9.5%
11.8%
37.3%
70.6%
73.3%
23.5%
15.8%
-
0.7%
-
0.2%
17
12,282 Total 10.2% 37.0% 72.9% 15.5% 0.7% 0.2% 12,780 Note. Basis for property seizure percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 157: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
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Table 7.8 Type of Property of Seized by Disability
Blind Deafness Developmental Hyperactivity* Mental Health Cond.
Multiple Disability Other Speech
Impairment No
Disability Total
Firearm(s) - 10.0% 10.0% - 10.7% 18.2% 15.2% - 10.9% 10.9% Ammunition - 10.0% 10.0% - 6.4% 4.5% 10.5% - 8.2% 8.1% Weapon(s) - - - - 34.7% 22.7% 14.3% 11.8% 10.0% 10.7% Other than a Firearm Drugs/Narcotics 57.1% 60.0% 40.0% - 15.6% 13.6% 35.2% 35.3% 40.0% 39.3% Alcohol - - - - 1.2% - 1.9% - 2.1% 2.1% Money 42.9% 10.0% - - 2.5% 4.5% 7.6% - 9.9% 9.7% Drug 42.9% 50.0% 30.0% - 19.0% 27.3% 30.5% 23.5% 25.7% 25.6% Paraphernalia Suspected Stolen - - - - 6.4% 9.1% 9.5% 11.8% 11.1% 10.9% Property Cell phone(s) or 28.6% 10.0% 10.0% - 3.1% 13.6% 7.6% 11.8% 10.1% 10.0% Electronic Device(s) Vehicle - 20.0% 40.0% - 2.1% 13.6% 8.6% 23.5% 12.5% 12.3% Other 14.3% 20.0% 30.0% - 24.5% 27.3% 20.0% 17.6% 22.2% 22.2% Contraband or Evidence Total 7 10 10 - 326 22 106 17 12,282 12,780 Note. Type of property seized percentages were calculated based off the number of individuals who had property seized (N = 12,780) per identity group (“Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 158: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
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Table 7.9.1 Result of Stop by Disability
Blind Deafness Developmental Hyperactivity* Mental Health Cond.
Multiple Disability Other Speech
Impairment No
Disability Total
No Action 12.5% 16.4% 19.7% - 13.1% 17.2% 16.0% 16.4% 12.6% 12.6% Warning 24.6% 29.0% 21.1% 12.5% 8.8% 17.3% 24.5% 26.4% 23.9% 23.8% Citation for Infraction 21.7% 27.4% 13.2% - 2.5% 8.2% 21.1% 19.0% 48.6% 48.2%
In-Field Cite and Release 5.9% 6.8% 6.3% - 2.0% 4.1% 8.6% 13.9% 6.1% 6.1%
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to 5.1% 3.0% 2.3% - 4.6% 2.4% 4.6% 4.2% 1.7% 1.7% Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 13.3% 6.4% 10.5% 12.5% 13.6% 9.5% 12.0% 9.7% 5.0% 5.1%
Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal
22.0% 17.5% 18.3% - 20.8% 18.4% 17.9% 15.1% 5.0% 5.2%
Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted
2.0% 0.5% 8.4% - 8.7% 9.1% 2.3% 2.4% 0.2% 0.3%
Parent/Legal Guardian
- 0.2% 2.1% 75.0% 0.8% 1.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 3.3% 1.0% 7.7% 12.5% 42.0% 26.4% 2.6% 0.8% 0.3% 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
-
-
-
0.1%
-
0.1%
-
25.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
-
-
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.1% - 25.0% - 0.2% 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0%
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Mental Multiple Speech No Blind Deafness Developmental Hyperactivity* Health Other Total Disability Impairment Disability Cond. Identity Group 391 1,317 711 8 11,511 1,237 3,563 907 1,780,409 1,800,054 Total Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054) per identity group (see “Identity Group Total” row). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 160: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
- - -
158
Table 7.9.2 Result of Stop by Stop Circumstance and Disability
Officer Disability Result of Stop Initiated Call for Service
Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
% No Action 12.7% 12.0% 49 12.5% Warning 27.6% 13.3% 96 24.6% Citation for Infraction 25.6% 7.2% 85 21.7% In-Field Cite and Release 6.5% 3.6% 23 5.9% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to 5.5% Outstanding Warrant 3.6% 20 5.1%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 9.7% 26.5% 52 13.3% Field Interview Card Completed 19.8% Blind 30.1% 86 22.0% Noncriminal Transport or 1.6% Caretaking Transport 3.6% 8 2.0%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian - - - -Psychiatric Hold 1.6% 9.6% 13 3.3% Referred to U.S. Department of -Homeland Security - - -
Referral to School Admin* - - - -- - - -Referral to School Counselor*
Deafness
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
14.5% 31.1% 30.1% 6.7%
2.6%
5.0% 16.9%
0.3%
0.3% 0.3%
-
--
31.9% 216 16.4% 11.8% 382 29.0% 5.6% 361 27.4% 6.9% 89 6.8%
5.6% 39 3.0%
17.4% 84 6.4% 22.9% 231 17.5%
2.1% 6 0.5%
- 3 0.2% 6.3% 13 1.0%
0.7% 1 0.1% 0.7% 1 0.1%
No Action 17.5% 24.4% 140 19.7% Developmental
Warning 25.9% 10.7% 150 21.1%
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Disability Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total
Identity Group Total
Count % Citation for Infraction 17.7% 3.6% 94 13.2% In-Field Cite and Release 7.4% 4.0% 45 6.3% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
1.9%
8.8%
3.1%
14.2%
16
75
2.3%
10.5% Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
17.9%
5.8%
1.0%
19.1%
14.2%
4.4%
130
60
15
18.3%
8.4%
2.1% Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
4.5%
-
-
14.7%
-
0.4%
55
-
1
7.7%
-
0.1% Referral to School Counselor* - - - -
Hyperactivity
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
----
-
--
-
66.7% 33.3%
-
33.3% -
- - -20.0% 1 12.5%
- - -- - -
- - -
20.0% 1 12.5% - - -
- - -
80.0% 6 75.0% - 1 12.5%
- - -
20.0% 2 25.0% 40.0% 2 25.0%
Mental Health Cond.
No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
14.3% 10.6% 4.7% 2.4%
5.7%
13.2%
12.1% 7.4% 0.7% 1.6%
3.6%
13.8%
1,507 13.1% 1,016 8.8% 286 2.5% 225 2.0%
526 4.6%
1,560 13.6%
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Disability Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Identity Group Total Count
Identity Group Total
% Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
22.4%
6.5%
0.4% 35.3%
0.1%
-
19.5%
10.6%
1.0% 47.6%
0.0%
0.0%
2,397
1,004
87 4,832
6
1
20.8%
8.7%
0.8% 42.0%
0.1%
0.0% Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 19.0% 14.8% 213 17.2% Warning Citation for Infraction
20.9% 12.8%
12.6% 2.1%
214 101
17.3% 8.2%
In-Field Cite and Release 5.2% 2.6% 51 4.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
2.7%
7.8%
2.1%
11.8%
30
118
2.4%
9.5% Multiple
Disability Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin*
18.0%
5.0%
1.6% 18.7%
0.1%
0.1%
18.8%
14.7%
0.6% 36.7%
0.2%
0.2%
227
113
14 327
2
2
18.4%
9.1%
1.1% 26.4%
0.2%
0.2% Referral to School Counselor* 0.3% - 2 0.2% No Action 14.9% 20.0% 571 16.0% Warning Citation for Infraction
26.3% 25.5%
18.1% 5.9%
872 753
24.5% 21.1%
In-Field Cite and Release 9.0% 7.3% 307 8.6%
Other
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
4.1%
9.8%
6.1%
19.8%
163
427
4.6%
12.0% Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold
16.2%
1.2%
0.1% 1.8%
23.5%
6.0%
0.8% 5.5%
636
81
10 92
17.9%
2.3%
0.3% 2.6%
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Identity Identity
Disability Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Group Total
Group Total
Count % Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor*
-
--
0.1%
-0.1%
1
-1
0.0%
-0.0%
No Action 15.5% 20.9% 149 16.4% Warning 28.9% 14.7% 239 26.4% Citation for Infraction 21.2% 8.6% 172 19.0% In-Field Cite and Release 16.0% 4.3% 126 13.9% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 3.8% 6.1% 38 4.2%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 6.6% 23.9% 88 9.7% Speech Field Interview Card Completed 13.2% 23.9% 137 15.1%
Impairment Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 1.6% 6.1% 22 2.4%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.6% 2 0.2% Psychiatric Hold 0.4% 2.5% 7 0.8% Referred to U.S. Department of - - - -Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* 0.1% - 1 0.1% Referral to School Counselor* - - - -No Action 12.2% 22.7% 224,485 12.6% Warning 24.3% 15.0% 425,486 23.9% Citation for Infraction 50.4% 7.6% 865,012 48.6% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 5.2% 109,404 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.4% 6.6% 29,671 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 3.9% 28.8% 89,379 5.0% Field Interview Card Completed No Disability 4.5% 17.5% 89,690 5.0% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.1% 2.3% 3,729 0.2%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.0% 2,285 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.1% 3.4% 4,812 0.3% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 89 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 248 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 53 0.0%
Total No Action 12.2% 21.8% 227,330 12.6%
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Identity Identity
Disability Result of Stop Officer Initiated
Call for Service
Group Total
Group Total
Count % Warning 24.3% 14.4% 428,456 23.8% Citation for Infraction 50.2% 7.0% 866,864 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 4.9% 110,270 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.5% 6.3% 30,503 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 4.0% 27.4% 91,784 5.1%
Field Interview Card Completed 4.6% 17.8% 93,534 5.2% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.1% 3.1% 5,023 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 1.0% 2,422 0.1% Psychiatric Hold 0.2% 6.9% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% 0.0% 98 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.1% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Stop Circumstance Total 1,714,676 85,378 1,800,054 Note. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
![Page 165: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
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Table 7.10 Disability Breakdown by Officer Assignment Type Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School Other Total
Blind
Deafness
Developmental
Hyperactivity Mental Health Cond. Multiple Disability Other Speech Impairment No Disability
Count
355
1,238
665
2
10,987
1,169
3,251
822
1,663,595
%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.0%
98.9%
Count
6
25
11
-
106
14
69
20
32,590
%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.2%
0.1%
99.2%
Count
6
9
2
-
11
9
33
8
7,647
%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.4%
0.1%
99.0%
Count
-
2
4
5
27
3
4
3
1,663
%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
1.6%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
97.2%
Count
24
43
29
1
380
42
206
54
74,914
%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.5%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
99.0%
391
1,317
711
8
11,511
1,237
3,563
907
1,780,409
Total 1,682,084 93.4% 32,841 1.8% 7,725 0.4% 1,711 0.1% 75,693 4.2% 1,800,054 Note. Percentage in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are in reference to the total number of individuals stopped (N = 1,800,054). The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
![Page 166: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
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Table 7.11 Reason for Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Disability
Disability Officer Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Patrol 43.7% 45.9% 0.8% 3.1% 1.4% 5.1% - - 355
Blind Gang Enforcement Narcotics
50.0% 16.7%
50.0% 66.7%
--
-16.7%
--
--
--
--
6 6
K-12 Public School - - - - - - - - -Other 20.8% 62.5% - 4.2% - 12.5% - - 24
Deafness
Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
68.5% 52.0% 22.2%
25.3% 20.0% 77.8%
0.8% 8.0%
-
1.5% 8.0%
-
0.9% 4.0%
-
3.0% 8.0%
-
---
0.1% --
1,238 25 9
K-12 Public School 100.0% - - - - - - - 2 Other 44.2% 41.9% - 7.0% - 7.0% - - 43 Patrol 29.6% 56.5% 1.5% 1.4% 2.3% 8.6% 0.2% - 665
Developmental Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
27.3% --
18.2% 50.0% 50.0%
27.3% --
---
9.1% --
18.2% 50.0%
-
--
50.0%
---
11 2 4
Other 41.4% 48.3% - 3.4% - 6.9% - - 29 Patrol - - - - 50.0% 50.0% - - 2
Hyperactivity Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
---
--
20.0%
---
--
20.0%
---
--
20.0%
---
--
40.0%
--5
Other - - - - 100.0% - - - 1
Mental Health Cond.
Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics K-12 Public School
5.9% 8.5%
--
77.1% 58.5% 63.6% 37.0%
0.9% 6.6% 9.1% 3.7%
1.9% 6.6% 9.1%
-
3.7% 6.6%
-3.7%
10.5% 13.2% 18.2% 51.9%
----
---
3.7%
10,987 106 11 27
Other 8.4% 71.6% 2.6% 3.7% 1.6% 11.8% - 0.3% 380 Patrol 19.3% 65.1% 0.9% 2.1% 3.8% 8.8% - - 1,169
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Disability Officer Assignment Type
Traffic Violation
Reason Suspicion
Parole/ Probation/
PRCS/ Mandatory Supervision
Warrant Truant
Consensual Encounter Resulting in Search
Possible Conduct Under
Educate Code*
Determine Whether Student Violated School Policy*
Identity Group Total
Gang Enforcement 50.0% 35.7% - - - 14.3% - - 14 Multiple Narcotics - 88.9% - - - 11.1% - - 9 Disability K-12 Public School - 66.7% - - - 33.3% - - 3
Other 26.2% 52.4% 9.5% 2.4% 7.1% 2.4% - - 42 Patrol 44.4% 45.0% 1.0% 2.2% 1.5% 5.9% - 0.0% 3,251 Gang Enforcement 58.0% 17.4% 8.7% 5.8% 2.9% 7.2% - - 69
Other Narcotics 3.0% 87.9% - 6.1% - 3.0% - - 33 K-12 Public School - 50.0% - - 50.0% - - - 4 Other 23.8% 56.3% 4.9% 6.8% 1.9% 6.3% - - 206
Speech Patrol 51.5% 38.8% 0.4% 1.9% 1.7% 5.7% - - 822 Impairment Gang Enforcement 35.0% 50.0% 5.0% - - 10.0% - - 20
Narcotics 12.5% 87.5% - - - - - - 8 K-12 Public School - 66.7% - - - - 33.3% - 3 Other 44.4% 48.1% 1.9% 1.9% - 3.7% - - 54
No Disability Patrol 86.8% 10.1% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 1,663,595 Gang Enforcement 58.2% 25.9% 8.2% 1.8% 0.6% 5.3% - - 32,590 Narcotics 24.0% 68.3% 1.2% 2.4% - 4.1% - - 7,647 K-12 Public School 43.4% 32.5% 0.4% 1.6% 4.4% 8.8% 2.4% 6.5% 1,663 Other 75.6% 14.7% 1.2% 2.1% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 74,914 Patrol 86.1% 10.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1,682,084
Officer Gang Enforcement 58.0% 26.0% 8.2% 1.8% 0.6% 5.3% - - 32,841 Assignment Narcotics 23.8% 68.5% 1.2% 2.5% - 4.1% - - 7,725 Type Total K-12 Public School 42.3% 32.7% 0.4% 1.6% 4.4% 9.5% 2.5% 6.5% 1,711
Other 75.0% 15.2% 1.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 75,693 Overall Total 84.8% 11.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1,800,054
Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group (“Identity Group Total” column). Percentages in the “Officer Assignment Type Total” row are based off the total number of individuals stopped for each assignment type (See “Identity Group Total” column). * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded
![Page 168: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
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Determine Parole/ Possible Consensual Whether Probation/ Conduct Identity Officer Assignment Traffic Reason Encounter Student Disability PRCS/ Warrant Truant Under Group Type Violation Suspicion Resulting Violated Mandatory Educate Total in Search School Supervision Code* Policy* down from values of less than 0.1%. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other. The officer assignment type category “Other” includes the following officer assignment types: 1) Compliance Check, 2) Special Events, 3) Roadblock or DUI Sobriety Checkpoint, 4) Task Force, 5) Investigative and 6) Other.
![Page 169: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Table 7.12 Result of Stop by Officer Assignment Type and Disability 167
Disability Result of Stop Patrol Gang Enforcement Narcotics
K-12 Public School
Other Identity
Group Total Count
Identity Group Total Percent
No Action 12.1% 33.3% - - 16.7% 49 12.5% Warning 24.8% 16.7% 33.3% - 20.8% 96 24.6% Citation for Infraction 22.0% - 33.3% - 20.8% 85 21.7% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% - - - 4.2% 23 5.9% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
5.1% - 16.7% - 4.2% 20 5.1%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
14.1% 16.7% - - 4.2% 52 13.3%
Blind Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport
20.3% 2.3%
33.3% -
33.3% -
--
41.7% -
86
8
22.0%
2.0%
Contacted Parent/Legal - - - - - - -Guardian Psychiatric Hold 3.4% - - - 4.2% 13 3.3% Referred to U.S. Department of - - - - - - -Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* - - - - - - -Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action 16.6% 20.0% 11.1% - 9.3% 216 16.4% Warning 28.9% 44.0% 22.2% 100.0% 20.9% 382 29.0% Citation for Infraction 27.9% 8.0% 11.1% - 30.2% 361 27.4% In-Field Cite and Release 6.3% - 33.3% - 18.6% 89 6.8% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
3.1% 4.0% - - - 39 3.0%
Deafness Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
6.4% 8.0% - - 7.0% 84 6.4%
Field Interview Card Completed 17.0% 24.0% 55.6% - 23.3% 231 17.5% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport
0.5% - - - - 6 0.5%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
0.2% - - - - 3 0.2%
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Developmental
Hyperactivity
Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor* No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor* No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed
1.0% -
0.1% 0.1% 19.5% 21.2% 12.9% 6.2% 2.4%
10.8%
17.4% 8.9%
2.1%
8.0% -
0.2% ------
-
-
--
--
45.5% 18.2%
---
9.1%
45.5% -
-
--
-------
-
-
--
--
50.0% ----
50.0%
-50.0%
-
--
-------
-
-
--
--
25.0% -
25.0% 25.0%
-
-
--
25.0%
25.0% -
---
20.0% ---
20.0%
-
2.3% -
--
10.3% 24.1% 24.1% 10.3%
-
3.4%
31.0% -
-
3.4% -
-------
-
-
13
-
1 1
140 150 94 45
16
75
130
60
15
55
-
1 --1 --
-
1
-
1.0%
-
0.1% 0.1% 19.7% 21.1% 13.2% 6.3%
2.3%
10.5%
18.3%
8.4%
2.1%
7.7%
-
0.1% --
12.5% --
-
12.5%
-
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Noncriminal Transport or - - - - - - -Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
100.0% - - 60.0% 100.0% 6 75.0%
Psychiatric Hold - - - 20.0% - 1 12.5% Referred to U.S. Department of - - - - - - -Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* 50.0% - - 20.0% - 2 25.0% Referral to School Counselor* 100.0% - - - - 2 25.0% No Action 15.5% 29.0% 12.1% 25.0% 19.9% 1,507 13.1% Warning 24.7% 33.3% 6.1% 25.0% 20.9% 1,016 8.8% Citation for Infraction 21.8% 5.8% 18.2% - 16.5% 286 2.5% In-Field Cite and Release 8.4% 2.9% 36.4% - 9.2% 225 2.0% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
4.4% 1.4% 6.1% - 7.8% 526 4.6%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
12.2% 5.8% 15.2% - 10.7% 1,560 13.6%
Mental Health Field Interview Card Completed 17.0% 34.8% 27.3% - 24.8% 2,397 20.8% Cond. Noncriminal Transport or
Caretaking Transport 2.3% - - 50.0% 2.4% 1,004 8.7%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
0.2% - - 25.0% 0.5% 87 0.8%
Psychiatric Hold 2.7% 2.9% - - 1.0% 4,832 42.0% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security
0.0% - - - - 6 0.1%
Referral to School Admin* - - - - - 1 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% - - - - - -No Action 13.0% 31.1% 9.1% 3.7% 11.8% 213 17.2% Warning 8.5% 9.4% 9.1% 7.4% 16.8% 214 17.3%
Multiple Citation for Infraction 2.4% - - - 5.0% 101 8.2% Disability In-Field Cite and Release 1.9% 4.7% 9.1% - 2.6% 51 4.1%
Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
4.5% 11.3% 18.2% - 4.7% 30 2.4%
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170
Other
Speech Impairment
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor* No Action Warning Citation for Infraction In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest Without Warrant Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* Referral to School Counselor* No Action Warning Citation for Infraction
13.4%
20.7% 8.8%
0.7%
42.8% 0.1%
0.0% -
17.0% 17.2% 7.9% 3.7% 2.4%
9.8%
18.0% 9.2%
1.1%
27.5% 0.1%
-0.1% 15.6% 27.1% 18.5%
22.6%
16.0% 0.9%
-
15.1% -
--
35.7% 28.6% 14.3% 7.1% 7.1%
7.1%
14.3% 7.1%
-
--
--
60.0% 10.0% 5.0%
54.5%
36.4% -
-
--
--
11.1% --
44.4% -
11.1%
55.6% -
-
--
----
12.5%
7.4%
7.4% 14.8%
14.8%
63.0% -
---
33.3% -
33.3% -
-
-33.3%
33.3%
--
66.7% 33.3%
---
15.3%
27.4% 7.1%
0.3%
25.8% -
--
19.0% 19.0% 16.7% 4.8% 2.4%
2.4%
21.4% 7.1%
-
14.3% 2.4%
--
16.7% 25.9% 33.3%
118
227
113
14
327
2
2 2
571 872 753 307
163
427
636
81
10
92
1
-1
149 239 172
9.5%
18.4%
9.1%
1.1%
26.4%
0.2%
0.2% 0.2% 16.0% 24.5% 21.1% 8.6%
4.6%
12.0%
17.9%
2.3%
0.3%
2.6%
0.0%
-0.0% 16.4% 26.4% 19.0%
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171
In-Field Cite and Release 14.5% 5.0% 12.5% 33.3% 7.4% 126 13.9% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
4.5% - - - 1.9% 38 4.2%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
9.7% 5.0% 25.0% 33.3% 7.4% 88 9.7%
Field Interview Card Completed 15.0% 20.0% 12.5% - 16.7% 137 15.1% Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport
2.1% - 50.0% - 1.9% 22 2.4%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
0.2% - - - - 2 0.2%
Psychiatric Hold 0.9% - - - - 7 0.8% Referred to U.S. Department of - - - - - - -Homeland Security Referral to School Admin* - - - 33.3% - 1 0.1% Referral to School Counselor* - - - - - - -No Action 11.9% 37.6% 8.1% 6.9% 18.3% 224,485 12.6% Warning 23.9% 28.5% 16.5% 10.6% 23.0% 425,486 23.9% Citation for Infraction 49.6% 7.4% 29.4% 39.1% 45.2% 865,012 48.6% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 1.5% 24.0% 24.5% 3.8% 109,404 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant
1.6% 3.5% 4.0% 1.3% 2.4% 29,671 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant
5.0% 5.8% 16.0% 5.9% 4.9% 89,379 5.0%
No Disability Field Interview Card Completed Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport
4.6% 0.2%
24.0% 0.1%
14.9% 0.3%
3.3% 1.4%
5.6% 0.2%
89,690
3,729
5.0%
0.2%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian
0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 13.7% 0.2% 2,285 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.3% 0.0% - 1.8% 0.2% 4,812 0.3% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security
0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 89 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.4% 0.0% 248 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 53 0.0%
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172
No Action 11.9% 37.6% 8.1% 6.8% 18.2% 227,330 12.6% Warning 23.8% 28.4% 16.4% 10.7% 23.0% 428,456 23.8% Citation for Infraction 49.2% 7.4% 29.2% 38.1% 44.9% 866,864 48.2% In-Field Cite and Release 6.2% 1.5% 24.0% 24.0% 3.8% 110,270 6.1% Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant 1.6% 3.5% 4.0% 1.2% 2.4% 30,503 1.7%
Custodial Arrest Without Warrant 5.0% 5.9% 16.1% 6.0% 4.9% 91,784 5.1%
Total Field Interview Card Completed 4.8% 24.0% 15.1% 3.3% 5.8% 93,534 5.2%
Noncriminal Transport or Caretaking Transport 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 1.8% 0.2% 5,023 0.3%
Contacted Parent/Legal Guardian 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 13.9% 0.2% 2,422 0.1%
Psychiatric Hold 0.6% 0.1% - 2.9% 0.3% 10,152 0.6% Referred to U.S. Department of Homeland Security 0.0% - - 0.1% 0.0% 98 0.0%
Referral to School Admin* 0.0% 0.0% - 12.3% 0.0% 256 0.0% Referral to School Counselor* 0.0% 0.0% - 2.6% 0.0% 59 0.0%
Officer Assignment Type Total 1,682,084 32,841 7,725 1,711 75,693 1,800,054 Note. Percentages per identity group are calculated based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group per officer assignment type (see Table 7.10). Percentages in the “Total” column are based off the total number of individuals stopped per identity group. * Represents categories only applicable to stops of students. Categories that had zero occurrences for a given reason for stop have a dash ( - ) instead of a percentage. Categories with 0.0% are rounded down from values of less than 0.1%.
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Table 7.13.1. Yield rates by Disability
Disability Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Blind 32 (27.1 %) 15 (25.4 %) 3 (25.0 %) Deaf 61 (26.0 %) 16 (23.9 %) 6 (13.3 %) Developmental 27 (14.8 %) 15 (17.9 %) 1 (5.6 %) Hyperactivity 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Mental Health 670 (12.4 %) 378 (15.2 %) 15 (5.2 %) Multiple Disabilities 45 (11.3 %) 21 (11.8 %) 0 (0.0 %) None 38,590 (22.5 %) 17,244 (25.7 %) 2,539 (11.8 %) Other 214 (24.9 %) 129 (31.0 %) 11 (12.4 %) Speech Impaired 37 (18.7 %) 22 (25.0 %) 3 (13.6 %) Total 39,676 (22.2 %) 17,840 (25.3 %) 2,578 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. A yield rate refers to the proportion of searched individuals who officers found to be in possession of contraband or evidence. We define lower discretion searches as searches where officers provided one or more of the following reasons as the basis for conducting the search: incident to arrest, vehicle inventory, or search warrants. We define higher discretion searches as searches where the only listed search basis was “consent given.” A “yield” is when an officer discovers contraband or evidence in the possession of an individual who the officer searched.
Table 7.13.2 Yield rates by Disability Without California Highway Patrol Data
Disability Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Blind 32 (27.1 %) 15 (25.4 %) 3 (25.0 %) Deaf 61 (26.0 %) 16 (23.9 %) 6 (13.3 %) Developmental 27 (14.8 %) 15 (17.9 %) 1 (5.6 %) Hyperactivity 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Mental Health 670 (12.4 %) 378 (15.2 %) 15 (5.2 %) Multiple Disabilities 45 (11.3 %) 21 (11.8 %) 0 (0.0 %) None 38,590 (22.5 %) 17,244 (25.7 %) 2,539 (11.8 %) Other 214 (24.9 %) 129 (31.0 %) 11 (12.4 %) Speech Impaired 37 (18.7 %) 22 (25.0 %) 3 (13.6 %) Total 39,676 (22.2 %) 17,840 (25.3 %) 2,578 (11.7 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 7.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 7.13.3 Yield rates by Disability for Officer-Initiated Stops
Disability Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Blind 25 (31.6 %) 10 (27.8 %) 3 (33.3 %) Deaf 54 (28.1 %) 13 (28.3 %) 6 (15.0 %) Developmental 15 (14.2 %) 7 (15.9 %) 1 (8.3 %) Hyperactivity 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Mental Health 276 (12.3 %) 159 (14.5 %) 8 (6.5 %) Multiple Disabilities 18 (9.9 %) 11 (14.3 %) 0 (0.0 %) None 32,057 (23.0 %) 13,149 (26.9 %) 2,289 (11.7 %) Other 158 (27.0 %) 89 (33.1 %) 11 (15.1 %) Speech Impaired 27 (19.9 %) 14 (26.4 %) 3 (16.7 %) Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 7.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 7.13.4 Yield rates by Disability for Officer-Initiated Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Disability Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Blind 25 (31.6 %) 10 (27.8 %) 3 (33.3 %) Deaf 54 (28.1 %) 13 (28.3 %) 6 (15.0 %) Developmental 15 (14.2 %) 7 (15.9 %) 1 (8.3 %) Hyperactivity 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Mental Health 276 (12.3 %) 159 (14.5 %) 8 (6.5 %) Multiple Disabilities 18 (9.9 %) 11 (14.3 %) 0 (0.0 %) None 32,057 (23.0 %) 13,149 (26.9 %) 2,289 (11.7 %) Other 158 (27.0 %) 89 (33.1 %) 11 (15.1 %) Speech Impaired 27 (19.9 %) 14 (26.4 %) 3 (16.7 %) Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %)
Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 7.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 7.13.5 Yield rates by Disability for Call for Service Stops
Disability Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Blind 7 (17.9 %) 5 (21.7 %) 0 (0.0 %) Deaf 7 (16.3 %) 3 (14.3 %) 0 (0.0 %) Developmental 12 (15.8 %) 8 (20.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Hyperactivity 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Mental Health 394 (12.6 %) 219 (15.8 %) 7 (4.2 %) Multiple Disabilities 27 (12.4 %) 10 (9.9 %) 0 (0.0 %) None 6,533 (20.2 %) 4,095 (22.4 %) 250 (13.5 %) Other 56 (20.5 %) 40 (27.2 %) 0 (0.0 %) Speech Impaired 10 (16.1 %) 8 (22.9 %) 0 (0.0 %) Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 7.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 7.13.6 Yield rates by Disability for Call for Service Stops Without California Highway Patrol Data
Disability Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion Blind 7 (17.9 %) 5 (21.7 %) 0 (0.0 %) Deaf 7 (16.3 %) 3 (14.3 %) 0 (0.0 %) Developmental 12 (15.8 %) 8 (20.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Hyperactivity 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) 0 (0.0 %) Mental Health 394 (12.6 %) 219 (15.8 %) 7 (4.2 %) Multiple Disabilities 27 (12.4 %) 10 (9.9 %) 0 (0.0 %) None 6,533 (20.2 %) 4,095 (22.4 %) 250 (13.5 %) Other 56 (20.5 %) 40 (27.2 %) 0 (0.0 %) Speech Impaired 10 (16.1 %) 8 (22.9 %) 0 (0.0 %) Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. This table represents overall yield rates; see table 7.13.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 7.14.1 Citation/Arrest Rates by Disability
Disability All Offenses Citation for Infraction
In-field Cite and Release
Custodial Arrests Without a Warrant
Custodial Arrests With a Warrant
None 1,079,739 (60.6%) 865,012 (48.6%) 109,404 (6.1%) 89,379 (5.0%) 29,671 (1.7%) Deaf 558 (42.4%) 361 (27.4%) 89 (6.8%) 84 (6.4%) 39 (3.0%) Speech Impaired 408 (45.0%) 172 (19.0%) 126 (13.9%) 88 (9.7%) 38 (4.2%) Blind 173 (44.2%) 85 (21.7%) 23 (5.9%) 52 (13.3%) 20 (5.1%) Mental Health 2,493 (21.7%) 286 (2.5%) 225 (2.0%) 1,560 (13.6%) 526 (4.6%) Developmental 220 (30.9%) 94 (13.2%) 45 (6.3%) 75 (10.5%) 16 (2.3%) Hyperactivity 1 (12.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (12.5%) 0 (0.0%) Other 1,586 (44.5%) 753 (21.1%) 307 (8.6%) 427 (12.0%) 163 (4.6%) Multiple Disabilities 287 (23.2%) 101 (8.2%) 51 (4.1%) 118 (9.5%) 30 (2.4%) Total 1,085,465 (60.3%) 866,864 (48.2%) 110,270 (6.1%) 91,784 (5.1%) 30,503 (1.7%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 7.14.2 Citation/Arrest Rates by Disability without California Highway Patrol
Disability All Offenses Citation for Infraction
In-field Cite and Release
Custodial Arrests Without a Warrant
Custodial Arrests With a Warrant
None 393,245 (52.5%) 218,340 (29.2%) 99,673 (13.3%) 57,987 (7.7%) 27,089 (3.6%) Deaf 421 (39.1%) 236 (21.9%) 86 (8.0%) 74 (6.9%) 39 (3.6%) Speech Impaired 345 (43.3%) 114 (14.3%) 126 (15.8%) 84 (10.6%) 36 (4.5%) Blind 147 (43.8%) 65 (19.3%) 21 (6.2%) 48 (14.3%) 20 (6.0%) Mental Health 2,384 (21.3%) 235 (2.1%) 215 (1.9%) 1,515 (13.6%) 520 (4.7%) Developmental 172 (28.3%) 51 (8.4%) 44 (7.2%) 70 (11.5%) 16 (2.6%) Hyperactivity 1 (12.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (12.5%) 0 (0.0%) Other 1,210 (41.7%) 475 (16.4%) 284 (9.8%) 350 (12.1%) 157 (5.4%) Multiple Disabilities 244 (21.7%) 73 (6.5%) 45 (4.0%) 106 (9.4%) 29 (2.6%) Total 398,169 (51.9%) 219,589 (28.6%) 100,494 (13.1%) 60,235 (7.9%) 27,906 (3.6%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Subsection 8: Officer Information
Table 8.1 Officer Years of Experience
Years of Experience Count %
1 - 5 Years of Experience 662,756 36.82%
6 - 10 Years of Experience 366,537 20.36%
11 - 15 Years of Experience 294,038 16.33%
16 - 20 Years of Experience 247,011 13.72%
21 - 25 Years of Experience 176,844 9.82%
26 - 30 Years of Experience 44,453 2.47%
31 - 35 Years of Experience 6,593 0.37%
36 - 40 Years of Experience 1,187 0.07%
41 - 45 Years of Experience 15 0.00%
46 - 50 Years of Experience 617 0.03%
61 - 65 Years of Experience 3 0.00%
Total 1,800,054 100.00%
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Table 8.2 Breakdown of Officer Assignment Type
Officer Assignment Type Count % Patrol 1,682,084 93.45%
Gang Enforcement 32,841 1.82%
Compliance check 553 0.03%
Special Events 1,037 0.06%
Roadblock or DUI sobriety checkpoint 529 0.03%
Narcotics 7,725 0.43%
Task force 4,990 0.28%
K-12 public school 1,711 0.10%
Investigative 6,893 0.38% Other 61,691 3.43% Total 1,800,054 100.00%
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Section 2: Single Agency Data
Subsection 1: Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity
Table 1.1 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the California Highway Patrol
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey Asian 6.4% 12.0% Black 10.0% 5.5% Hispanic 38.7% 39.1% Middle Eastern/South Asian 5.6% 2.2% Multiracial 1.2% 3.2% Native American 0.2% 0.4% Pacific Islander 0.6% 0.3% White 37.2% 37.0% Other - 0.3% Total 1,033,421 39,536,653
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data.
Table 1.2 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the Los Angeles Police Department
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey Asian 3.2% 10.1% Black 27.9% 9.0% Hispanic 47.3% 49.3% Middle Eastern/South Asian 3.0% 1.1% Multiracial 0.7% 2.4% Native American 0.1% 0.1% Pacific Islander 0.3% 0.1% White 17.5% 27.5% Other - 0.4% Total 336,681 3,994,862
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data.
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Table 1.3 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey Asian 5.6% 13.3% Black 17.4% 7.8% Hispanic 48.7% 48.6% Middle Eastern/South Asian 2.1% 1.2% Multiracial 2.1% 2.4% Native American 0.1% 0.2% Pacific Islander 0.5% 0.2% White 23.5% 26.0% Other - 0.3% Total 136,635 10,162,069
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data. Frequency weights for sheriff’s departments were given according to the population estimates from their respective counties while police departments were weighted according to their respective cities.
Table 1.4 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the Riverside County Sheriff’s Department
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey Asian 3.1% 5.6% Black 11.8% 6.0% Hispanic 43.8% 49.1% Middle Eastern/South Asian 1.6% 0.8% Multiracial 0.7% 2.4% Native American 0.3% 0.5% Pacific Islander 0.7% 0.2% White 37.9% 35.2% Other - 0.3% Total 44,505 2,422,604
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data. Frequency weights for sheriff’s departments were given according to the population estimates from their respective counties while police departments were weighted according to their respective cities.
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Table 1.5 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the San Bernardino Sheriff’s Department
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey Asian 2.9% 5.7% Black 16.9% 7.8% Hispanic 37.4% 53.4% Middle Eastern/South Asian 1.8% 1.1% Multiracial 1.3% 2.7% Native American 0.3% 0.3% Pacific Islander 0.4% 0.3% White 39.0% 28.4% Other - 0.2% Total 62,433 2,158,505
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data. Frequency weights for sheriff’s departments were given according to the population estimates from their respective counties while police departments were weighted according to their respective cities.
Table 1.6 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey Asian 3.5% 10.3% Black 7.8% 4.6% Hispanic 29.7% 33.8% Middle Eastern/South Asian 2.9% 1.5% Multiracial 0.9% 3.5% Native American 0.8% 0.3% Pacific Islander 0.9% 0.4% White 53.5% 45.3% Other - 0.2% Total 40,515 3,338,661
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data. Frequency weights for sheriff’s departments were given according to the population estimates from their respective counties while police departments were weighted according to their respective cities. An exception had to be made for the city of San Diego which was compared to the county since the ACS did not include information for this city in 2017.
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Table 1.7 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the San Diego Police Department
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey
Asian 4.6% 10.3% Black 19.0% 4.6% Hispanic 28.0% 33.8% Middle Eastern/South Asian 2.5% 1.5% Multiracial 1.0% 3.5% Native American 0.2% 0.3% Pacific Islander 0.8% 0.4% White 43.8% 45.3% Other - 0.2% Total 89,455 3,338,661
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data.
Table 1.8 Stop Distribution and Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity for the San Francisco Police Department
Race/Ethnicity Percentage Stopped Individuals
Population Distribution for 2017 American Community
Survey
Asian 10.7% 31.7% Black 25.5% 5.0% Hispanic 18.5% 15.2% Middle Eastern/South Asian 6.4% 2.0% Multiracial 2.6% 4.7% Native American 0.1% 0.2% Pacific Islander 1.2% 0.3% White 34.9% 40.2% Other - 0.6% Total 54,609 884,320
Notes: To provide a more accurate representation of the 2017 ACS data for comparison, we weighted the overall distribution of each race/ethnicity in the dataset by the relative contribution of each Wave 1 agency in our stop data.
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Subsection 2: Stop Distribution and SWITRS Not-At-Fault Parties by Race/Ethnicity
Table 2.1 California Highway Patrol Stop Distribution by Population Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for
2018 SWITRS Asian 6.4% 10.9% Black 10.0% 7.8% Hispanic 38.6% 36.1% White 37.3% 36.1% Other 7.7% 9.2% Total Observations 1,017,846 225,919 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
Table 2.2 Los Angeles Police Department Stop Distribution by Population
Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for 2018 SWITRS
Asian 3.8% 3.2% Black 27.0% 16.4% Hispanic White
47.3% 17.3%
46.4% 23.0%
Other 4.7% 11.0% Total Observations 241,503 26,993 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
Table 2.3 Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Stop Distribution by Population Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for
2018 SWITRS Asian 7.3% 10.5% Black 15.9% 12.9% Hispanic 48.1% 51.2% White 23.8% 22.0% Other 5.0% 3.5% Total Observations 95,443 14,487 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
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Table 2.4 Riverside County Sheriff’s Department Stop Distribution by Population
Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for 2018 SWITRS
Asian 3.6% 2.7% Black 10.7% 7.5% Hispanic White
44.5% 37.6%
48.0% 37.2%
Other 3.6% 4.6% Total Observations 35,085 4,717 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
Table 2.5 San Bernardino Sheriff’s Department Stop Distribution by Population Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for
2018 SWITRS Asian 4.0% 4.2% Black 15.2% 10.9% Hispanic 38.9% 41.1% White 37.6% 40.4% Other 4.3% 3.4% Total Observations 37,374 3,556 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
Table 2.6 San Diego Police Department Stop Distribution by Population Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for
2018 SWITRS Asian 6.8% 6.9% Black 14.2% 11.2% Hispanic 31.4% 28.1% White 41.3% 46.2% Other 6.3% 7.5% Total Observations 40,396 3,145 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
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Table 2.7 San Diego County Sheriff’s Department Stop Distribution by Population
Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for 2018 SWITRS
Asian Black Hispanic White Other
4.5% 6.2%
30.6% 52.3% 6.4%
4.0% 3.4%
33.2% 57.7% 1.7%
Total Observations 25,268 1,027 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
Table 2.8 San Francisco Police Department Stop Distribution by Population Race/Ethnicity Stop Distribution Not-At-Fault Party Distribution for
2018 SWITRS Asian 14.8% 19.6% Black 20.3% 13.0% Hispanic 18.6% 19.0% White 32.8% 36.2% Other 13.5% 12.2% Total Observations 32,938 3,342 Notes: Total observations: Stop Distribution includes stops where reason for stop = traffic violation; SWITRS Population Distribution includes “not-at-fault” parties in collisions reported by Wave 1 agencies for the 2018 calendar year.
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Subsection 3: Veil of Darkness Tests
Table 3.1.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for California Highway Patrol Race/Ethnicity
Middle Visibility Eastern/ Native Pacific Total
Asian Black Hispanic Multiracial White South American Islander Asian
3,549 5,032 21,052 3,309 834 161 420 21,951 56,308 Light 51.3 % 51.9 % 52.5 % 51.5 % 56.4 % 51.8 % 59.7 % 50.7 % 51.7 %
3,366 4,658 19,014 3,120 644 150 283 21,363 52,598 Dark 48.7 % 48.1 % 47.5 % 48.5 % 43.6 % 48.2 % 40.3 % 49.3 % 48.3 %
6,915 9,690 40,066 6,429 1,478 311 703 43,314 108,906 Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.1.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for California Highway Patrol Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian 0.494 0.500 Black * 0.488 0.494 Hispanic *** 0.481 ** 0.490 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.492 0.498 Multiracial *** 0.443 *** 0.447 Native American 0.489 0.482 Pacific Islander *** 0.409 *** 0.421 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Table 3.2.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for Los Angeles Police Department
Visibility Asian Black Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Middle Eastern/ Multiracial South Asian
Native American
Pacific Islander White
Total
Light 351 44.2 %
5,305 47 %
8,128 47.6 %
344 40.7 %
113 45.9 %
21 87.5 %
37 55.2 %
1,655 46.7 %
15,954 47.1 %
Dark 444 55.8 %
5,991 53 %
8,936 52.4 %
501 59.3 %
133 54.1 %
3 12.5 %
30 44.8 %
1,890 53.3 %
17,928 52.9 %
Total 795 100 %
11,296 100 %
17,064 100 %
845 100 %
246 100 %
24 100 %
67 100 %
3,545 100 %
33,882 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.2.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for Los Angeles Police Department Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian 0.525 0.540 Black 0.497 0.516 Hispanic 0.491 0.502 Middle Eastern/South Asian ** 0.560 ** 0.567 Multiracial 0.507 0.502 Native American *** 0.111 *** 0.080 Pacific Islander 0.415 0.442 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Table 3.3.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department
Visibility Asian Black Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Middle Eastern/ Multiracial South Asian
Native American
Pacific Islander White
Total
Light 239 47.5 %
773 52.5 %
2,144 50.6 %
83 48.5 %
111 55.5 %
7 77.8 %
9 27.3 %
850 52 %
4,216 51 %
Dark 264 52.5 %
700 47.5 %
2,096 49.4 %
88 51.5 %
89 44.5 %
2 22.2 %
24 72.7 %
785 48 %
4,048 49 %
Total 503 100 %
1,473 100 %
4,240 100 %
171 100 %
200 100 %
9 100 %
33 100 %
1,635 100 %
8,264 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.3.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian 0.545 0.547 Black 0.495 0.495 Hispanic 0.514 0.510 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.534 0.526 Multiracial 0.465 0.466 Native American 0.236 0.287 Pacific Islander ** 0.743 * 0.738 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Table 3.4.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for Riverside County Sheriff’s Department Race/Ethnicity
Middle Visibility Eastern/ Native Pacific Total
Asian Black Hispanic Multiracial White South American Islander Asian
Light 39 50.6 %
197 53 %
735 52.8 %
25 48.1 %
17 77.3 %
7 58.3 %
11 61.1 %
514 52.4 %
1,545 52.8 %
Dark 38 49.4 %
175 47 %
658 47.2 %
27 51.9 %
5 22.7 %
5 41.7 %
7 38.9 %
466 47.6 %
1,381 47.2 %
Total 77 100 %
372 100 %
1,393 100 %
52 100 %
22 100 %
12 100 %
18 100 %
980 100 %
2926 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.4.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for Riverside County Sheriff’s Department Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian 0.518 0.546 Black 0.495 0.498 Hispanic 0.497 0.491 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.544 0.558 Multiracial * 0.245 0.306 Native American 0.441 0.522 Pacific Islander 0.412 0.442 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Table 3.5.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department
Visibility Asian Black Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Middle Eastern/ Multiracial South Asian
Native American
Pacific Islander White
Total
Light 54 41.2 %
155 34.1 %
388 34.4 %
34 39.5 %
25 41.7 %
3 37.5 %
3 25 %
484 39.7 %
1,146 37 %
Dark 77 58.8 %
299 65.9 %
739 65.6 %
52 60.5 %
35 58.3 %
5 62.5 %
9 75 %
734 60.3 %
1,950 63 %
Total 131 100 %
454 100 %
1,127 100 %
86 100 %
60 100 %
8 100 %
12 100 %
1,218 100 %
3,096 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.5.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian 0.485 0.437 Black * 0.560 0.552 Hispanic ** 0.557 * 0.548 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.502 0.521 Multiracial 0.480 0.401 Native American 0.523 0.353 Pacific Islander 0.664 0.591 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Table 3.6.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for San Diego Police Department
Visibility Asian Black Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Middle Eastern/ Multiracial South Asian
Native American
Pacific Islander White
Total
Light 136 45.8 %
314 45.8 %
642 47.3 %
102 49.8 %
18 45 %
1 50 %
22 57.9 %
907 53.8 %
2,142 49.7 %
Dark 161 54.2 %
371 54.2 %
715 52.7 %
103 50.2 %
22 55 %
1 50 %
16 42.1 %
780 46.2 %
2,169 50.3 %
Total 297 100 %
685 100 %
1,357 100 %
205 100 %
40 100 %
2 100 %
38 100 %
1,687 100 %
4,311 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.6.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for San Diego Police Department Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian * 0.579 ** 0.607 Black *** 0.579 ** 0.579 Hispanic *** 0.564 ** 0.566 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.540 0.536 Multiracial 0.587 0.589 Native American 0.538 0.767 Pacific Islander 0.458 0.386 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Table 3.7.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for San Diego County Sheriff’s Department Race/Ethnicity
Middle Visibility Total Eastern/ Native Pacific Asian Black Hispanic Multiracial White South American Islander
Asian
Light 40 45.5 %
68 44.4 %
248 35 %
32 46.4 %
10 43.5 %
8 50 %
9 56.2 %
344 40.1 %
759 39.3 %
Dark 48 54.5 %
85 55.6 %
461 65 %
37 53.6 %
13 56.5 %
8 50 %
7 43.8 %
513 59.9 %
1,172 60.7 %
Total 88 100 %
153 100 %
709 100 %
69 100 %
23 100 %
16 100 %
16 100 %
857 100 %
1,931 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.7.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for San Diego County Sheriff’s Department Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian 0.446 0.457 Black 0.456 0.467 Hispanic * 0.555 * 0.570 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.437 0.439 Multiracial 0.466 0.497 Native American 0.401 0.385 Pacific Islander 0.343 0.432 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Table 3.8.1 Stop Frequency by Race/Ethnicity and Visibility for San Francisco Police Department
Visibility Asian Black Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Middle Eastern/ Multiracial South Asian
Native American
Pacific Islander White
Total
Light 274 44.1 %
373 40.5 %
329 45.3 %
197 41.4 %
32 31.7 %
4 57.1 %
20 45.5 %
563 43 %
1,792 42.6 %
Dark 348 55.9 %
549 59.5 %
397 54.7 %
279 58.6 %
69 68.3 %
3 42.9 %
24 54.5 %
747 57 %
2,416 57.4 %
Total 622 100 %
922 100 %
726 100 %
476 100 %
101 100 %
7 100 %
44 100 %
1,310 100 %
4,208 100 %
Note. Stops in the light occurred between the earliest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day. Stops in the dark occurred between the latest instance of civil twilight across the entire reporting period and the twilight time for each respective day.
Table 3.8.2 Veil of Darkness Logistic Regression Results for San Francisco Police Department Race/Ethnicity Model 1 Model 2 Asian 0.489 0.490 Black 0.526 0.528 Hispanic 0.476 0.478 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.516 0.492 Multiracial * 0.619 0.591 Native American 0.361 0.466 Pacific Islander 0.475 0.485 Note. We estimate traditional VOD tests by regressing whether the stopped individual is a person of color (Ri) on whether the stop was made in daylight (Di) while adding an additional model which includes a natural spline for time of stop with 6 degrees of freedom (γns6(t)) using logistic regression. Values indicate the predicted probability of a person of respective color being stopped in the dark compared to Whites. Please see below for full model specifications. a 𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽1𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀1𝑖𝑖 b𝑅𝑅𝑖𝑖 = 𝛽𝛽2𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾2𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠6(𝑡𝑡) + 𝜀𝜀2𝑖𝑖
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Subsection 4: Search Yield rates Table 4.1.1 Yield rates by Agency
Agency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion CHP 1,537 (13.7 %) 1,000 (10.1 %) 15 (20.8 %) LAPD 18,031 (21.0 %) 6,993 (27.5 %) 1,240 (10.1 %) LASD 6,941 (24.6 %) 2,971 (30.1 %) 601 (13.1 %) RCSD 723 (18.9 %) 331 (24.1 %) 63 (12.0 %) SBSD 3,522 (23.7 %) 1,854 (28.8 %) 259 (13.1 %) SDPD 3,718 (22.2 %) 2,054 (21.1 %) 144 (16.5 %) SDSD 1,720 (23.0 %) 731 (25.3 %) 212 (16.0 %) SFPD 3,484 (33.1 %) 1,906 (38.7 %) 44 (14.6 %) Total 39,676 (22.2 %) 17,840 (25.3 %) 2,578 (11.7 %)
Note. A yield rate refers to the proportion of searched individuals who officers found to be in possession of contraband or evidence. We define lower discretion searches as searches where officers provided one or more of the following reasons as the basis for conducting the search: incident to arrest, vehicle inventory, or search warrants. We define higher discretion searches as searches where the only listed search basis was “consent given.” A “yield” is when an officer discovers contraband or evidence in the possession of an individual who the officer searched. This table represents overall yield rates by agency.
Table 4.2.1 Yield rates for Officer-Initiated Stops by Agency
Agency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion CHP 1,415 (13.9 %) 901 (10.0 %) 14 (20.6 %) LAPD 15,798 (21.7 %) 5,458 (30.2 %) 1,191 (10.1 %) LASD 5,655 (26.1 %) 2,219 (33.8 %) 512 (12.9 %) RCSD 473 (19.7 %) 196 (25.5 %) 49 (12.2 %) SBSD 2,609 (23.9 %) 1,331 (29.7 %) 229 (13.3 %) SDPD 3,007 (23.0 %) 1,615 (22.2 %) 116 (16.9 %) SDSD 1,423 (24.4 %) 557 (28.6 %) 181 (16.2 %) SFPD 2,250 (38.4 %) 1,175 (47.6 %) 29 (16.3 %) Total 32,630 (22.8 %) 13,452 (26.6 %) 2,321 (11.6 %)
Note. This table represents overall yield rates; see table 4.1.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 4.2.2 Yield rates for Officer-Initiated Stops by Race/Ethnicity by Agency
Race/ CHP LAPD LASD RCSD SBSD SDPD SDSD SFPD Ethnicity
Asian 42 171 68 2 44 69 14 109 (10.3 %) (26.2 %) (30.0 %) (7.4 %) (36.4 %) (18.4 %) (18.9 %) (45.0 %)
Black 162 6,148 1,001 55 342 804 125 964 (14.1 %) (22.4 %) (22.8 %) (17.0 %) (17.3 %) (26.0 %) (22.7 %) (37.1 %)
Hispanic 581 7,457 3,109 228 1,039 817 413 605 (11.7 %) (20.3 %) (25.4 %) (19.5 %) (24.3 %) (22.0 %) (22.1 %) (43.7 %)
Middle 28 169 32 3 17 29 22 29 Eastern/ (11.4 %) (19.4 %) (26.9 %) (17.6 %) (21.0 %) (21.2 %) (35.5 %) (34.1 %) South Asian Multiracial 26 75 230 3 29 32 9 40
(17.8 %) (14.8 %) (29.2 %) (11.1 %) (21.6 %) (24.4 %) (18.8 %) (33.3 %) Native 20 6 3 1 6 6 17 2 American (29.9 %) (7.6 %) (15.0 %) (7.1 %) (14.0 %) (17.6 %) (23.0 %) (33.3 %) Pacific 6 35 25 1 8 22 7 31 Islander (9.1 %) (26.9 %) (27.8 %) (10.0 %) (17.8 %) (19.1 %) (14.9 %) (29.2 %) White 550 1,737 1,187 180 1,124 1,228 816 470
(17.4 %) (27.4 %) (31.4 %) (22.1 %) (26.5 %) (22.4 %) (26.3 %) (36.0 %) Total 1,415 15,798 5,655 473 2,609 3,007 1,423 2,250
(13.9 %) (21.7 %) (26.1 %) (19.7 %) (23.9 %) (23.0 %) (24.4 %) (38.4 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.2.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Table 4.3.1 Yield rates for Call for Service Stops by Agency
Agency Overall Lower Discretion Higher Discretion CHP 122 (12.0 %) 99 (10.8 %) 1 (25.0 %) LAPD 2,233 (17.0 %) 1,535 (20.9 %) 49 (8.7 %) LASD 1,286 (19.5 %) 752 (22.7 %) 89 (14.4 %) RCSD 250 (17.6 %) 135 (22.3 %) 14 (11.7 %) SBSD 913 (23.2 %) 523 (26.7 %) 30 (12.1 %) SDPD 711 (19.2 %) 439 (17.8 %) 28 (15.2 %) SDSD 297 (18.1 %) 174 (18.6 %) 31 (15.4 %) SFPD 1,234 (26.3 %) 731 (29.8 %) 15 (12.2 %) Total 7,046 (19.5 %) 4,388 (21.9 %) 257 (12.5 %) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.2.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
Table 4.3.2 Yield rates for Call for Service Stops by Race/Ethnicity by Agency
Race/ CHP LAPD LASD RCSD SBSD SDPD SDSD SFPD Ethnicity
Asian 2 36 25 2 18 18 1 43 (8.7%) (13.0%) (22.7%) (14.3%) (25.7%) (15.9%) (3.3%) (15.4%)
Black 10 613 294 42 174 177 25 477 (10.4%) (17.4%) (17.1%) (16.9%) (19.9%) (21.4%) (15.5%) (29.8%)
46 1,040 622 113 321 182 94 208 Hispanic (11.1%) (16.8%) (20.9%) (18.2%) (23.9%) (18.1%) (19.0%) (23.2%) Middle Eastern/ 1 48 9 2 7 5 3 20 South (6.7%) (15.0%) (10.5%) (18.2%) (15.2%) (8.5%) (12.0%) (26.0%) Asian
3 12 30 0 12 12 7 32 Multiracial (18.8%) (15.4%) (15.3%) (0.0%) (20.3%) (19.7%) (41.2%) (24.1%) Native 2 5 0 5 2 1 5 2 American (25.0%) (21.7%) (0.0%) (62.5%) (28.6%) (8.3%) (20.8%) (33.3%) Pacific 0 2 7 1 4 13 1 14 Islander (0.0%) (6.5%) (18.9%) (20.0%) (26.7%) (29.5%) (11.1%) (17.1%)
58 477 299 85 375 303 161 438 White (13.2%) (17.5%) (20.2%) (16.8%) (24.8%) (19.1%) (18.3%) (27.1%) Total 122 2,233 1,286 250 913 711 297 1,234
(12.0%) (17.0%) (19.5%) (17.6%) (23.2%) (19.2%) (18.1%) (26.3%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header. See table 3.2.1 for definitions on yield rate, lower discretion, and higher discretion.
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Subsection 5: Citation and Arrest Rates
Table 5.1 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the California Highway Patrol
Custodial Arrests Custodial In-field Cite Without a Arrests With a
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant Warrant Asian 45,742 (69.3%) 44,318 (67.1%) 273 (0.4%) 1,181 (1.8%) 41 (0.1%) Black 67,526 (65.4%) 62,588 (60.7%) 1,479 (1.4%) 3,537 (3.4%) 513 (0.5%) Hispanic 277,924 (69.5%) 258,743 (64.7%) 4,572 (1.1%) 15,633 (3.9%) 929 (0.2%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 40,157 (69.3%) 39,265 (67.7%) 190 (0.3%) 735 (1.3%) 24 (0.0%) Multiracial 8,167 (67.3%) 7,710 (63.6%) 120 (1.0%) 372 (3.1%) 40 (0.3%) Native American 1,451 (57.4%) 1,203 (47.6%) 62 (2.5%) 183 (7.2%) 28 (1.1%) Pacific Islander 4,364 (66.3%) 4,074 (61.9%) 64 (1.0%) 233 (3.5%) 17 (0.3%) White 241,965 (62.9%) 229,374 (59.6%) 3,016 (0.8%) 9,675 (2.5%) 1,005 (0.3%) Total 687,296 (66.5%) 647,275 (62.6%) 9,776 (0.9%) 31,549 (3.1%) 2,597 (0.3%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 5.2 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the Los Angeles Police Department
Custodial Arrests In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 7,584 (69.5%) 6,822 (62.5%) 208 (1.9%) 468 (4.3%) 96 (0.9%) Black 38,721 (41.2%) 27,204 (29.0%) 2,187 (2.3%) 7,283 (7.8%) 2,674 (2.8%) Hispanic 79,853 (50.2%) 61,033 (38.3%) 3,836 (2.4%) 12,038 (7.6%) 3,782 (2.4%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 6,677 (65.7%) 5,987 (58.9%) 143 (1.4%) 474 (4.7%) 105 (1.0%) Multiracial 1,159 (48.9%) 932 (39.3%) 38 (1.6%) 141 (5.9%) 68 (2.9%) Native American 161 (53.8%) 106 (35.5%) 12 (4.0%) 35 (11.7%) 14 (4.7%) Pacific Islander 478 (54.8%) 395 (45.3%) 22 (2.5%) 47 (5.4%) 16 (1.8%) White 36,343 (61.6%) 29,428 (49.9%) 1,883 (3.2%) 3,868 (6.6%) 1,526 (2.6%) Total 170,976 (50.8%) 131,907 (39.2%) 8,329 (2.5%) 24,354 (7.2%) 8,281 (2.5%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
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Table 5.3 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department
Custodial Arrests In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 6,236 (80.8%) 611 (7.9%) 5,403 (70.0%) 177 (2.3%) 70 (0.9%) Black 13,582 (57.2%) 783 (3.3%) 8,827 (37.2%) 2,479 (10.4%) 1,802 (7.6%) Hispanic 41,800 (62.9%) 2,796 (4.2%) 29,582 (44.5%) 5,852 (8.8%) 4,392 (6.6%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 2,154 (74.5%) 154 (5.3%) 1,878 (65.0%) 102 (3.5%) 43 (1.5%) Multiracial 1,402 (49.3%) 91 (3.2%) 679 (23.9%) 438 (15.4%) 250 (8.8%) Native American 92 (65.2%) 8 (5.7%) 58 (41.1%) 8 (5.7%) 19 (13.5%) Pacific Islander 533 (71.4%) 31 (4.2%) 387 (51.9%) 65 (8.7%) 55 (7.4%) White 21,896 (68.3%) 1,780 (5.6%) 16,425 (51.2%) 2,283 (7.1%) 1,770 (5.5%) Total 87,695 (64.2%) 6,254 (4.6%) 63,239 (46.3%) 11,404 (8.3%) 8,401 (6.1%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 5.4 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the Riverside Sheriff’s Department
Custodial Arrests In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 1,030 (75.0%) 922 (67.1%) 119 (8.7%) 8 (0.6%) 8 (0.6%) Black 3,026 (57.5%) 2,450 (46.6%) 344 (6.5%) 228 (4.3%) 136 (2.6%) Hispanic 12,588 (64.6%) 10,634 (54.5%) 1,397 (7.2%) 672 (3.4%) 454 (2.3%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 539 (73.5%) 465 (63.4%) 74 (10.1%) 15 (2.0%) 5 (0.7%) Multiracial 189 (59.8%) 177 (56.0%) 4 (1.3%) 4 (1.3%) 7 (2.2%) Native American 82 (56.2%) 57 (39.0%) 11 (7.5%) 9 (6.2%) 9 (6.2%) Pacific Islander 221 (73.9%) 176 (58.9%) 41 (13.7%) 6 (2.0%) 1 (0.3%) White 11,162 (66.1%) 9,256 (54.8%) 1,383 (8.2%) 519 (3.1%) 399 (2.4%) Total 28,837 (64.8%) 24,137 (54.2%) 3,373 (7.6%) 1,461 (3.3%) 1,019 (2.3%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
![Page 201: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
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Table 5.5 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the San Bernardino Sheriff’s Department
Custodial Arrests In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 608 (33.2%) 479 (26.1%) 29 (1.6%) 94 (5.1%) 24 (1.3%) Black 3,285 (31.1%) 1,398 (13.2%) 349 (3.3%) 1,124 (10.6%) 604 (5.7%) Hispanic 8,000 (34.3%) 3,985 (17.1%) 725 (3.1%) 2,519 (10.8%) 1,236 (5.3%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 412 (37.5%) 319 (29.1%) 20 (1.8%) 65 (5.9%) 26 (2.4%) Multiracial 300 (35.6%) 163 (19.4%) 21 (2.5%) 86 (10.2%) 41 (4.9%) Native American 50 (28.7%) 17 (9.8%) 4 (2.3%) 16 (9.2%) 21 (12.1%) Pacific Islander 88 (33.8%) 51 (19.6%) 8 (3.1%) 22 (8.5%) 13 (5.0%) White 7,775 (32.0%) 3,589 (14.8%) 683 (2.8%) 2,518 (10.4%) 1,400 (5.8%) Total 20,518 (32.9%) 10,001 (16.0%) 1,839 (2.9%) 6,444 (10.3%) 3,365 (5.4%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 5.6 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the San Diego Police Department
Custodial Arrests In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 2,136 (51.7%) 1,349 (32.6%) 532 (12.9%) 298 (7.2%) 74 (1.8%) Black 6,395 (37.7%) 2,589 (15.2%) 1,259 (7.4%) 1,954 (11.5%) 919 (5.4%) Hispanic 11,576 (46.3%) 5,808 (23.2%) 3,062 (12.2%) 2,347 (9.4%) 981 (3.9%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,242 (55.2%) 792 (35.2%) 402 (17.9%) 119 (5.3%) 22 (1.0%) Multiracial 369 (40.8%) 139 (15.4%) 110 (12.2%) 96 (10.6%) 45 (5.0%) Native American 87 (45.3%) 36 (18.8%) 19 (9.9%) 29 (15.1%) 7 (3.6%) Pacific Islander 383 (50.4%) 178 (23.4%) 108 (14.2%) 89 (11.7%) 28 (3.7%) White 18,647 (47.5%) 9,247 (23.6%) 5,235 (13.3%) 4,163 (10.6%) 1,431 (3.6%) Total 40,835 (45.6%) 20,138 (22.5%) 10,727 (12.0%) 9,095 (10.2%) 3,507 (3.9%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
![Page 202: Technical Report 20200117 - oag.ca.govIdentific 17.9% Carry Suspicious Weapon 1.0% Casing 1.2% Suspect Acting as a Lookout 0.3% Drug Transaction 1.1% Engaging In a Violent Crime 0.5%](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050112/5f492d2ac34e7469cd0e408c/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
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Table 5.7 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the San Diego Sheriff’s Department
Custodial Arrests In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 731 (51.7%) 623 (44.0%) 52 (3.7%) 68 (4.8%) 13 (0.9%) Black 1,155 (36.7%) 629 (20.0%) 145 (4.6%) 322 (10.2%) 121 (3.8%) Hispanic 5,155 (42.8%) 3,456 (28.7%) 529 (4.4%) 1,157 (9.6%) 313 (2.6%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 653 (55.4%) 578 (49.0%) 34 (2.9%) 50 (4.2%) 9 (0.8%) Multiracial 157 (43.1%) 93 (25.5%) 40 (11.0%) 33 (9.1%) 9 (2.5%) Native American 92 (28.6%) 33 (10.2%) 14 (4.3%) 36 (11.2%) 19 (5.9%) Pacific Islander 152 (42.0%) 105 (29.0%) 21 (5.8%) 21 (5.8%) 12 (3.3%) White 10,291 (47.5%) 7,417 (34.2%) 851 (3.9%) 1,796 (8.3%) 588 (2.7%) Total 18,386 (45.4%) 12,934 (31.9%) 1,686 (4.2%) 3,483 (8.6%) 1,084 (2.7%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.
Table 5.8 Citation/Arrest Rates by Race/Ethnicity for the San Francisco Police Department
Custodial Arrests In-field Cite Without a Custodial Arrests
Race/Ethnicity All Offenses Infractions and Release Warrant With a Warrant Asian 4,245 (70.4%) 2,137 (35.4%) 1,887 (31.3%) 209 (3.5%) 104 (1.7%) Black 6,131 (42.7%) 2,196 (15.3%) 1,768 (12.3%) 1,528 (10.6%) 869 (6.0%) Hispanic 5,424 (52.1%) 2,315 (22.2%) 1,920 (18.4%) 985 (9.5%) 377 (3.6%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 2,570 (70.8%) 1,505 (41.4%) 1,010 (27.8%) 57 (1.6%) 28 (0.8%) Multiracial 749 (51.0%) 449 (30.6%) 197 (13.4%) 82 (5.6%) 45 (3.1%) Native American 43 (52.4%) 15 (18.3%) 19 (23.2%) 2 (2.4%) 7 (8.5%) Pacific Islander 323 (45.8%) 123 (17.4%) 113 (16.0%) 57 (8.1%) 41 (5.8%) White 11,437 (58.0%) 5,478 (27.8%) 4,387 (22.3%) 1,074 (5.5%) 778 (3.9%) Total 30,922 (54.8%) 14,218 (25.2%) 11,301 (20.0%) 3,994 (7.1%) 2,249 (4.0%) Note. Relative frequencies are relative by identity group and by column header.