TECHNICAL REPORT

CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF GLOBALLY

THREATENED PLANT SPECIES IN HUU LIEN NATURE RESERVER, VIETNAM

SUPPORTED BY RUFFORD SMALL GRANTS FOUNDATION

REFERENCE NUMBER: 29.03.09

PHAM VAN THE

Contact address: Department of Plant Resources, Institute of Ecology and Biological

Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam (084).

E-mail: phamvthe@gmail.com

Project team: Pham Van The; Phan Ke Loc¹, ³; Tran Huy Thai²; Nguyen Tien Hiep², ³;

Nguyen Sinh Khang², ³; Nguyen Tien Vinh², ³

1. Ha Noi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Road, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, Vietnam.

2. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and

Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam.

3. Centre for Plant Conservation, 25/32/191 Lac Long Quan Road, Cau Giay, Ha Noi,

Vietnam.

Ha Noi: March, 2011

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2

I BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 3

II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 7

2.1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 7

2.2. PLANT AND METHODOLOGY 7

III. RESULTS 8

3.1 Assessing the floral diversity of Huu Lien NR; evaluate the conservation status 8

of rare and threatened species

3.2 Evaluating the value of plant resources, including gene sources of rare and 10

threatened species

3.3. Evaluating the extent of logging in the reserve 11

3.4. Distribution map of rare and threatened species 12

3.5. Improving local people’s knowledge on botanical conservation through 13

participatory conservation activities and consultative workshops.

3.6. Building a community-based model for conservation: Practiced conservation of 14

Cupressus tonkinensis

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 15

4.1. Conclusion 15

4.2. Recommendation 16

V PUBLISHED 18

REFERENCE 19

APPENDIX: Appendix 1: 20

FIGURE 27

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to express sincere thanks and appreciation to Dr. Jacinto Ragalado who kindly mad comments and suggestions on this report and offered useful criticisms. Thanks also expressed to the Vietnam Forest Protection Department, Huu Lien Nature Reserve for permission to undertake the field study and Mr. Hoang Minh Luat, Confidential secretary of Huu Lien commune who had helped me a lot to contact with local people and looked after nursery. Research for this study has been supported by a grant (RSG_ID: 29.03.09) from Rufford Foundation Small Grant Program, which is greatly acknowledged and thanked.

I. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

Huu Lien Nature Reserve (Lang Son province, Vietnam) was established in 1992 with 10.604 hectares in area. Its co-ordinates lie at 21037' – 21045'N, 106019' – 106026'E, 90km North of Hanoi. The Reserve has about 9734 hectares of limestone (91% area) and has many rare and valuable animal species such as Moschus berezovskii, Semnopithecus francoisi francoisi, Hylobates concolor, etc. There are 2,658 local people living here, consisting of Kinh, Tay and Nung ethnic groups and their livelihood depends on the forest. Community-based conservation is believed to be the best conservation method for these species and their propagation is also important economically. Such conservation methods will undoubtedly improve the livelihood of local communities in Vietnam [1]. Vegetation types: Green Broad-leaf closed tropical forest on low limestone mountains (Fig. 1-12) There are most kinds of vegetation in Huu Lien NR. First kind of vegetation is Green Broad-leaf closed forest which is the most on the base of limestone mountain (Fig. 13-20), on the side of limestone mountain (Fig. 21-31) and in the valley limestone mountain (Fig. 32-41 ) with 4 forest stratum and canopy coverage 80-100%. First forest (A1) stratum includes numerous trees which belong to different families and regularly 20 - 25m tall. Most of trees are evergreen, but participation of deciduous trees may be more or less considerable, particularly on south-faced slopes and on cliffs. Second forest (A2 – canopy) stratum includes trees 10 - 20m tall. Third forest (A3) stratum includes trees 6 - 10m tall. The end of forest stratum includes shrubs, herbs and regeneration tree 0.1 – 6m tall. Species listed below in Table 1 were observed as more common co-dominant of this kind of forest. Table 1: Co-dominant species of different strata in broadleaved evergreen closed tropical forests in Huu Lien NR

A1 FOREST STRATUM >20 m tall

FAMILY PLANT SPECIES NAME Aceraceae Acer tonkinense H. Lec. Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica Blume Tiliaceae Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y.Chun & F.C.How Meliaceae Walsura sp Sterculiaceae Sterculia sp

A2 FOREST (canopy) STRATUM 10-20 m tall

Alangiaceae Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron rhetsoides (Craib) Tard. Euphorbiaceae Sapium rotundifolium Hemsl. Guttiferae Garcinia poilanei Gagnep. Juglandaceae Platycarya strobilifera Sieb. & Zucc. Magnoniaceae Parakmeria sp

A3 FOREST STRATUM 6-10 m tall

Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Fabaceae-Mimosoideae Albizia kalkora Prain Moraceae Ficus sp Ulmaceae Celtis philippense Blanco

SHRUBS AND HERBS FOREST STRATUM < 6 m tall

Adiantaceae Adiantum caudatum L. Aspleniaceae Asplenium saxicola Rosenst. Acanthaceae Strobilanthes anamitica Kuntze Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana bovina Lour. Araliaceae Schefflera alongensis R. Vig Arecaceae Caryota monostachya Becc. Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera L’Hér. Rutaceae Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC.

Second kind of forest is Green Broadleaved sparse tropical forest which is the most on the top and top ridge of limestone mountain (Fig. 42-49) and on cliff of limestone mountain (Fig. 55-50). Forest on tops of rocky hills and mountains become shorter and includes in its canopy stratum a number of specific tree species that regularly do not observed on hill slopes. Similar plant communities commonly may be observed on very steep rocky slopes and on cliffs of remnant limestone ridges. Main co-dominants of canopy stratum in such specific primary plant community that cover tops of rocky limestone mountains are listed below in Table 2. Table 2: Co-dominant species of canopy stratum in the top and top ridge of limestone mountain of Huu Lien NR.

1 FOREST (canopy) STRATUM 3-10 m tall

FAMILY PLANT SPECIES NAME Cycadaceae Cycas ferruginea F.N.Wei Anacardiaceae Pistacia cucphuongensis Dai Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron rhetsoides (Craib) Tard. Araliaceae Schefflera alongensis R. Vig Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. Fabaceae- Papilionoideae Sophora tonkinense Gagnep. Gentianaceae Canscora lucidissima (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz. Lythraceae Lagerstroemia aff. micrantha Merr. Melastomataceae Memecylon edule Roxb. Sapotaceae Sinosideroxylon racemosum (Dub.) Aubr. Sapotaceae Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Hook. & Arn. ) Aubr. Sterculiaceae Pterospermum truncatolobatum Gagnep. Urticaceae Pilea langsonensis Gagnep. Dracaenaceae Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen

In fragments of primary forest opened by forest fire or logging many weedy species appears quickly. They rapidly replace aboriginal primary forest dominants such species as Clausena sp. and Zanthoxylum avicennae DC. (Rutaceae), species of Callicarpa (Verbenaceae), Malotus (Euphorbiaceae) and some another representatives of secondary plant communities.

II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 2.1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES - To assess the floral diversity of Huu Lien NR; evaluate the conservation status of rare and

threatened species;

- To evaluate the value of plant resources, including gene sources of rare and threatened Species

- To evaluate the extent of logging in the reserve - To build a distribution map of rare and threatened species and recommend appropriate

conservation methods

- To improve local people’s knowledge on botanical conservation through participatory conservation activities and consultative workshops.

- To build a community-based model for conservation: Practiced conservation of Cupressustorulosa D.Don (C. tonkinensis Silba)

2.2. PLANT AND METHODOLOGY - July 2009 – September 2010: Field surveyed (collected plant specimens, made notes

regarding morphology, ecology, habitat, forest style, co-ordinates, elevation …) and inventoried of all specimens, preliminary evaluate of their total number, conservation status of them in the wild for the purpose of propagation and conservation. Logging and used rare and threatened species. Practised conservation of Cupressus torulosa D.Don (C. tonkinensis Silba): propagation by seedling

- November 2009 – December 2009: Studied in the laboratory: taxonomic identification of

collected specimens. Collecting data. - January 2010 – February 2010: Repeat field surveyed. Looked after seedlings. - March 2010 – May 2010: Studied in the laboratory, made a list of plants’ names, and a

distribution map of rare and threatened species. - June 2010 – December 2010: Compiled and wrote the report, looked after seedlings;

presented the findings in Huu Lien with participation from local people and FPD. We reported on: results of the study, conservation status of rare and threatened species, the purpose of botanical conservation, and some successful examples of our conservation methods

III. RESULTS 3.1. Assessing the floral diversity of Huu Lien NR; evaluate the conservation status of

rare and threatened species 3.1.1. Flora diversity of Huu Lien NR - Number of Species

During our field work in Huu Lien Nature Reserve in 2009 and 2010, we had established 12 transects of more than 25 km long throughout the study site (Fig.56). We had collected 340 (PVT 233 – PVT 579; CPC) number of label and more than 500 specimens. We recorded 192 species – 155 genuses – 75 family – 3 phylum (Appendix 1). In there, near 89% of Angiospermae, 10% of Pteridophyta, 1 % of Gymnospermae (Table 3) [6] Table 3: Distribution of Plant according to Phylum of Huu Lien NR Species Genus Family

Amount % Amount % Amount % PTERIDOPHYTA 19 9.90 12 7.74 7 9.33 GYMNOSPERMAE 2 1.04 2 1.29 2 2.67 ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDONES

144 75.00 117 75.48 56 74.67

MONOCOTYLEDONES 27 14.06 24 15.48 10 13.33 Total 192 100% 155 100% 75 100

+ The Flora of Vietnam include 11373 species – 2524 – gennus – 378 families – 7 phylums [8] of high plant. The flora of Huu Lien NR occupy 42.86 % of Phylum (3/7), 19.84% of Family, 6.14% of genus, 1.69% of species in Flora of Vietnam(Table 4) Table 4: Distribution of Flora of Huu Lien compare to Vietnam Flora of

Vietnam Flora of Huu

Lien NR %

Phylum 7 3 42.86 Family 378 75 19.84 Genus 2524 155 6.14 Species 11373 192 1.69

- Plant Habit: In total 192 species in Huu Lien NR, there are 13.02% of Tree, 33.85% of Shrub, 3.13% of Scandent Shrub, 17.19% of Liana, 30.73% of Herb, 2.08% of Epiphyte (Table 5 and Appendix 1) Table 5: Plant habit of Flora of Huu Lien NR

Amount % Tree 25 13.02

Shrub 65 33.85 Scandent Shrub 6 3.13

Liana 33 17.19 Herb 59 30.73

Epiphyte 4 2.08 Total 192 100%

3.1.2. Conservation status of rare and threatened species There are 13 threatened species added in Red List of Vietnam 2007 and Plant Red Data Book of Vietnam 2007 (Table 6). Of which 1 species in Critically, 3 species in Endangered; 9 species in Vulnerable [2; 3] Table 6: Vietnam Threatened species of Huu Lien NR Family Species name Vietnamese name Vietnam

Redlist, 2007 Cupressaceae Cupressus tonkinensis Silba Hoàng dàn huu liên CR A1a,d Tiliaceae

Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y.Chun & F.C.How

Nghien EN A1a-d+2c,d

Arecaceae

Guihaia grossefibrosa (Gagnep.) J. Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei

Hèo soi to EN B1+2e

Bignoniaceae

Fernandoa collignonii (Dop) Steenis

Dinh vàng EN B1+2e

Asteraceae

Vernonia bonapartei Gagnep.

Cúc bac dau

VU A1a,c, B1+2a,b,c.

Meliaceae Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.

Lát hoa VU A1a,c,d+2d

Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia indica L. Son dich VU A1c Illiciaceae Illicium difengpi B.N.

Chang Hoi dá vôi VU B1+2b,c,e

Orchidaceae Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. Chân trâu xanh VU B1+2b,c,e Verbenaceae Gmelina aff. racemosa

(Lour.) Merr. Tu hú chùm VU B1+2e

Opiliaceae Meliantha suavis Pierre Rau sang VU B1+2e Fabaceae- Papilionoideae

Sophora tonkinense Gagnep.

Hòe bac bo VU B1+2e

Annonaceae Mitrephora thorelii Pierre Mao dài thorel VU B2b,e+3b Note: EN – Endangered; CR – Critically; VU – Vulnerable Of which 3 threatened species added in IUCN Red List (Version 2010.4). In there, 1 species be Vulnerable level and 2 species be Lower Risk level (Table 7) [9] Table 7: Global threatened species of Huu Lien NR Family Species name Vietnamese name IUCN Red List of

Threatened Species*.

Meliaceae Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.

Lát hoa Lower Risk/least

Cupressaceae Cupressus tonkinensis Silba Hoàng dàn huu liên Lower Risk/near Tiliaceae

Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y.Chun & F.C.How

Nghien Vulnerable A1cd

*Version 2010.4. 3.2. Evaluating the value of plant resources, including gene sources of rare and threatened species There are 21 species (1%) in Huu Lien NR has high value of plant resources and gene sources. Of which 3 (0.16%) species has high value of Timber Forest Product (TFP) and 18 (0.94%) species has high value of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) (Table 8). Table 8: The plant resources and gene sources of the Huu Lien NR flora

TFP NTFP Huu Lien NR Species 3 18 192

% 0.16 0.94 100

- Timber Forest Product: NR which has high value of gene source (Table 9) so that it were threatened. They are Fernandoa collignonii (Fig. 57-61), Chukrasia tabularis (Fig. 62-66), Burretiodendron hsienmu (Fig. 67-72), all of them were add in Wood Group II of Kind of Woods List of Vietnam [4], which is hard, strong, high value and aesthetic Wood Group [4]. This are main materials to build house of local people or can be sold it with high price. Table 9: High value of species for Timber Forest Product in Huu Lien NR. Family Scientific name Vietnamese name Bignoniaceae Fernandoa collignonii

(Dop) Steenis Dinh vàng

Meliaceae Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Lát hoa Tiliaceae

Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y.Chun & F.C.Ho

Nghien

- Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) In Huu Lien NR, local people were exploiting Burretiodendron hsienmu so that they did not care to NTFP. But some local people still looking for Cupressus tonkinensis to collect root and young plant (Fig. 73-76). This species was a dominant species in limestone mountain in before 70 decade of last century and it were exploited for essential oil. There are 18 species of NTFP and were show detail in Table10. Of which 2 species were threatened, they are Meliantha suavis and Cupressus tonkinensis. - Vegetable plant group: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: big tuber is used for food (Fig. 79-80), can cultivation; Erythropalum scandens: young leaf and young branch are used for food (Fig. 81-82), can cultivation; Meliantha suavis: young leaf and young branch are used for food (Fig. 83-85), can cultivation [7] - Medicine plant group: Stephania rotunda (Fig. 86-87), use part: tuber; Tacca chantrieri (Fig. 88), use part: tuber; Leonurus sibiricus (Fig. 89-90), use part: whole plant; Breynia fruticosa (Fig. 91), use part: leaf; Aglaonema siamense (Fig. 92-93), use part: whole plant; Helminthostachys zeylanica (Fig. 94-97), use part: tuber; Dischidia acuminata (98), use part: whole plant; Gynura crepidioides, , use part: leaf; Excoecaria cochinchinense, use part: leaf; Celosia argentea, use part: leaf and flower; Oroxylum indicum, use part: bark and young fruit. [5]. - Fibre plant group: Broussonetia papyrifera (Fig.77-78), use part: bark [7]

- Essential oil plant group: Cupressus tonkinensis (Fig. 73-76), use part: stem and root; Zanthoxylum avicennae, use part: fruit [7] - Dye plant group: Mallotus philippensis (Fig. 99 – 100), this species can breed lac [7]. Table 10: Non-Timber Forest Product of Huu Lien NR

No

Family

Species (Scientific name) Vietnamese name

NTFP

1 Araceae

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Denst) Nicols.

Khoai nua Vegetable plant

2 Erythropalaceae Erythropalum scandens Blume

Rau bù khai Vegetable plant

3 Opiliaceae Meliantha suavis Pierre Rau sang Vegetable plant 4 Menispermaceae Stephania rotunda Lour. Bình vôi Medicine plant 5 Taccaceae Tacca chantrieri André Râu hùm Medicine plant 6 Lamiaceae Leonurus sibiricus L. Ích mau Medicine plant 7 Euphorbiaceae Breynia fruticosa (L.) Hook.f. Bo cu ve Medicine plant 8 Araceae Aglaonema siamense Engl. Van niên thanh Medicine plant 9 Ophioglossaceae

Helminthostachys zeylanica F.N. Wei

Sâm bong bong

Medicine plant

10 Asclepiadaceae Dischidia acuminata Cost. Tai chuot Medicine plant 11 Asteraceae Gynura crepidioides Benth. Rau tàu bay Medicine plant 12 Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria cochinchinense

Lour. Giá Medicine plant

13 Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea L. Mào gà Medicine plant 14 Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Núc nác Medicine plant 15 Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera

L’Hér. Duong Fibre plant

16 Cupressaceae

Cupressus tonkinensis Silba

Hoàng dàn huu liên

Essential oil plant

17 Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC.

Xen gai

Essential oil plant

18 Euphorbiaceae

Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.Arg.

Cánh kien Dye plant

3.3. Evaluating the extent of logging in the reserve In fact, there was not permitted for logging in Huu Lien NR but local people still steal logging defied obstacles of forest ranger. In before 70 decade of last century when Huu Lien was not Nature Reserve. Cupressus tonkinensis was a dominant species in this limestone mountain. About ten year later, almost big tree of this species was cut down for essential oil lead into near extinct in the wild. Up to now, the local people are still looking for remain root or small plant (Fig. 102-103).They used crowbars (Fig. 101) and TNT to dug and collected the remains of root (Fig. 104-113). Some time they burned the forest to find trace of old holes which had dug but still remained (Fig. 114-117). This activities had added to destroying the ecosystem and habitat of fauna and flora. The logging in Huu Lien NR in 80-90 decade of last century leaded the forest quantity were serious decreased. Almost of high value species were cut such as Fernandoa collignonii (Fig. 118-120), Chukrasia tabularis (Fig. 121-122). Only few individuals of those species were protected by some local people, but they are always threatened by steal logger.

When this project was carrying out in the NR, a lot of individuals of Burretiodendron hsienmu were cut, defied obstacles of forest ranger (Fig. 123-125; 128-129). They transport it by hand or motorcycles in light day with not any hindrance (Fig. 132-147). That produces were sold or built house. That were result of loose managed of Huu Lien NR Management Department. In Fig. 148, 149 show about local houses were built by only Burretiodendron hsienmu. The price of those species in 2009 were showed in Table 11. Besides that, other big tree were cut too such as Meliaceae, Anacardiaceae ... (Fig. 126 – 127; 130-131). Table 11: The price list of some kind of wood in Huu Lien NR in 2009 Species Kind of wood Price USD Vietnam

Dong (VND) Cupressus tonkinensis Big root 100 USD/1 kg 2,000,000

VND/1kg Small root 50 USD/1kg 1,000,000

VND/1kg Burretiodendron hsienmu

Log with 20cm long and 40cm diameter

35 USD/1 piece

600,000 VND/1 piece

Timber with size: 2m long x 5cm high x 10cm wide

5 USD/1 piece

100,000 VND/1 pie

Timber with size: 2m long x 20cm high x 20cm wide

100 USD/1 piece

1,000,000 VND/1 piece

3.4. Distribution map of rare and threatened species - We recorded 25 very small trees of Cupressus tonkinensis living in the wild, of which 17 were growing well and 8 were bearing seed cones. They ranged from 0.3 to 3.5 m high. In addition, there were 2 trees had perished from forest fire made by local people (Fig. 157) and steal logger (Fig. 158). There were no regenerated trees. Cupressus tonkinensis only grows on slopes near top and top ridges of limestone mountain at elevation from 300 to 464 m a.s.l. (Fig. 150-161). They are always threatened by forest fires. Its conservation status is CR C2 a (i) according to the IUCN Red List Categories (Version 3.1 – 2001) and Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 8.0 (March 2010). Detail information of all tree of Cupressus tonkinensis will be show in Table 12. Table 12: Some data of Cupressus tonkinensis was collected in the wild of study area

No.

Commune

Village

Mountain

No.

transect Latitude

Longitude

A.s.l (m)

High (m)

H_HL 01

Huu Lien Tan Lai Dung Ky 1 21º40'20" 106º23'27" 442 1

H_HL 02

Huu Lien Tan Lai Dung Ky 1 21º40'21" 106º23'28" 420 1

H_HL 03

Huu Lien Tan Lai Dinh Thao 2 21º40'32" 106º23'44" 416 Perished

H_HL 04

Huu Lien Ba Leng Dinh Dap 3 21º40'34" 106º22'57" 320 3,5

H_HL 05

Huu Lien

Ba Leng Dinh Dap 3 21º40'34" 106º22'57" 320 2,5

H_HL 06

Huu Lien

Ba Leng

Nghieng 4 21º41'19" 106º23'44" 464 1

H_HL Huu Lien Ba Leng Nghieng 4 21º41'19" 106º23'44" 464 0.7

07 H_HL

08 Huu Lien

Ba Leng

Nghieng 4 21º41'19" 106º23'44" 464 Perished

H_HL 09

Huu Lien Tan Lai Lan Mai 21º41'16" 106º23'06" 437 1.5

H_HL 10

Huu Lien Tan Lai Lân Mai 21º41'16" 106º23'06" 437 1.5

H_HL 11

Huu Lien Tan Lai 1 21º40'17" 106º23'07" 430

H_HL 12

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Chuoi

10 21º40'17" 106º23'51" 379 1

H_HL 13

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Chuoi

10 21º40'17" 106º23'51" 379 1

H_HL 14

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Chuoi

10 21º40'17" 106º23'51" 379 3

H_HL 15

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Chuoi

10 21º40'17" 106º23'51" 379 2

H_HL 16

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Chuoi

10 21º40'17" 106º23'51" 379 1,5

H_HL 17

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Chuoi

10 21º40'17" 106º23'51" 379 0,5

H_HL 18

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Sau 11 21º39'59" 106º23'52" 300 0,5

H_HL 19

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Sau 11 21º39'59" 106º23'52" 300 0,5

H_HL 20

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Trung Sau 11 21º39'59" 106º23'52" 300 0.3

H_YT 01

Yen Thinh Lan Ty Mo Dung 5 21º39'46" 106º23'09" 306 1

H_YT 02

Yen Thinh Lan Ty Mo Dung 5 21º39'46" 106º23'09" 306 0,5

H_YT 03

Yen Thinh Lan Ty Mo Dung 5 21º39'46" 106º23'09" 306 0,5

H_YT 04

Yen Thinh Lan Ty Mo Dung 5 21º39'46" 106º23'09" 306 1,5

H_YT 05

Yen Thinh Lan Ty Mo Dung 5 21º39'46" 106º23'09" 306 1

H_YT 06

Yen Thinh Lan Ty Mo Dung 5 21º39'46" 106º23'09" 306 1

H_YT 07

Yen Thinh Lan Ty Trang Anh 6 21º39'25" 106º22'29" 333 0,7

- We only recorded 2 big trees of living Chukrasia tabularis in the wild, all of them were growing well and protecting. Burretiodendron hsienmu distribute everywhere in limestone area of Huu Lien NR but almost they are small tree. Detail information of all tree of Chukrasia tabularis will be show in Table 13. Table 12: Some data of Chukrasia tabularis was collected in the wild of study area

No.

Commune

Village

Mountain

No. transect

Latitude

Longitude

A.s.l (m)

High (m)

L_HL 01

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Na Nooc 9 21º40'13" 106º23'40" 250 15

L_HL 02

Huu Lien

Na Nooc

Na Nooc 10 21º40'15" 106º23'50" 300 20

The distribution map of rare and threatened species was showed in Fig. 56 and Fig. 162.

3.5. Improving local people’s knowledge on botanical conservation through participatory conservation activities and consultative workshops. In 1st August 2010, we had organised a botanical conservation workshop with 25 participants in Huu Lien NR. (participation of collectors, users, traders, herbalists, and local, provincial authorities and forest ranger (Table 13; Fig. 163-164). Table 13: Participation office in botanical conservation in Huu Lien NR Office

Number of participant

Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources 5 Centre for Plant Conservation 3 Provincial authorities 5 Local authorities 3 Huu Lien NR Management Department 3 Users (Local people) 2 Traders (Local people) 2 Herbalists (Local people) 2

We had presented about:

- Flora diversity of Huu Lien NR - Evaluating the conservation status of rare and threatened species - Vegetation map and distribution map of rare and threatened species Evaluating the

extent of logging in the reserve - Distribution and conservation of Cupressus tonkinensis - Propagation result and community-based model for conservation of Cupressus

tonkinensis - Recommend appropriate conservation methods

3.6. Building a community-based model for conservation: Practiced conservation of Cupressus tonkinensis - Ex-situ conservation Cupressus tonkinensis Propagation by seedling: On August 2009, we had tried propagation by seedling with more than 2,000 seeds (Fig. 165-166)but it were very difficult, only 9 seed germinated after 3 months (Fig. 167-169) and all of them grew up to near 6cm high after one year (169). Almost of seed were not have embryo. Propagation by cutting: From 9 to 14, August 2009 we propagated successful 517 (62.7%) cutting by Used Indole Butelic Acid (IBA) 1500ppm stimulus chemical (Fig. 170-173). The detail were showed in Table 14. Table 14: Propagation by cutting of Cupressus tonkinensis

Label of tree

Number of cutting for propagation

Number of cutting came root out

Percent

451 151 100 66.2 452 78 51 65.4 409 77 50 64.9 410 87 59 67.8 414 71 44 62.0

449 340 200 58.8 406 20 13 65.0

Total 824 517 62.7 In Fig. 174 showed the result of propagation by cutting after 3 months, Fig. 175: after 10 months and Fig. 176: after 15 months. In addition, we had guided for local people to propagation by cutting of this species (Fig. 177). Community-based model for conservation: Through our conservation activities such as field surveyed, propagated, organized workshop... the local people’s knowledge on botanical conservation had improved. Before this project finish, we had transport all of cutting to local forest-garden in Huu Lien NR on November 2010. This is best way for Cupressus tonkinensis cutting because it will be looked after and protected by local people. This is first step for in-situ conservation.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 4.1. Conclusion 4.1.1. Assessing the floral diversity of Huu Lien NR; evaluate the conservation status of rare and threatened species

- Flora diversity of Huu Lien NR: During our field work in Huu Lien Nature Reserve in 2009 and 2010, we had established 12 transects of more than 25 km long throughout the study site. We had collected 340 number of label and more than 500 specimens. We recorded 192 species – 155 genus – 75 family – 3 phylum. In there, near 89% of Angiospermae, 10% of Pteridophyta, 1 % of Gymnospermae

- Conservation status of rare and threatened species: There are 13 threatened species added in Red List of Vietnam 2007 and Plant Red Data Book of Vietnam 2007 (Table 6). Of which 1 species in Critically, 3 species in Endangered; 9 species in Vulnerable and 3 threatened species added in IUCN Red List (Version 2010.4). In there, 1 species be Vulnerable level and 2 species be Lower Risk level

4.1.2. Evaluating the value of plant resources, including gene sources of rare and threatened species

There are 21 species (1%) in Huu Lien NR has high value of plant resources and gene sources. Of which 3 (0.16%) species has high value of Timber Forest Product (TFP) They are Fernandoa collignonii (Fig. 57-61), Chukrasia tabularis, Burretiodendron hsienmu, and 18 species has high value of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP).

4.1.3, Evaluating the extent of logging in the reserve

There was not permitted for logging in Huu Lien NR but local people still steal logging defied obstacles of forest ranger. The local people are still looking for remain root or small plant of Cupressus tonkinensis and cut of Fernandoa collignonii and Burretiodendron hsienmu

4.1.4. Distribution map of rare and threatened species

We recorded 25 very small trees of Cupressus tonkinensis living in the wild, of which 17 were growing well and 8 were bearing seed cones. We only recorded 2 big trees of living Chukrasia tabularis in the wild, all of them were growing well and protecting. Burretiodendron hsienmu distribute everywhere in limestone area of Huu Lien NR but almost they are small tree

4.1.5. Improving local people’s knowledge on botanical conservation through participatory conservation activities and consultative workshops

In 1st August 2010, we had organised a botanical conservation workshop with 25 participants in Huu Lien NR. (participation of collectors, users, traders, herbalists, and local, provincial authorities and forest ranger. We had presented about: Flora diversity of Huu Lien NR; Evaluating the conservation status of rare and threatened species; Vegetation map and distribution map of rare and threatened species; Evaluating the extent of logging in the reserve; Distribution and conservation of Cupressus tonkinensis; Propagation result and community-based model for conservation of Cupressus tonkinensis; Recommend appropriate conservation methods

4.1.6. Building a community-based model for conservation: Practiced conservation of Cupressus tonkinensis

- Ex-situ conservation Cupressus tonkinensis: Propagation by seedling: On August 2009, we had tried propagation by seedling with more than 2,000 seeds, only 9 seed germinated after 3 months and all of them grew up to 6cm high after one year. Almost of seed were not have embryo. Propagation by cutting: From 9 to 14, August 2009 we propagated successful 517 (62.7%) cutting by Used Indole Butelic Acid (IBA) 1500ppm stimulus chemical.

Community-based model for conservation: Through our conservation activities such as field surveyed, propagated, organized workshop... the local people’s knowledge on botanical conservation had improved. Before this project finish, we had transport all of cutting to local forest-garden in Huu Lien NR on November 2010. This is best way for Cupressus tonkinensis cutting because it will be looked after and protected by local people. This is first step for in-situ conservation. 4.2. Recommendation. - Improving the management and protection in Huu Lien NR, especial for global threatened species such as Cupressus tonkinensis; Burretiodendron hsienmu an Chukrasia tabularis. Continuing publish article to addition information for Government an manager - Continuing improving local people’s knowledge on botanical conservation - Continuing propagation by seedling and cutting of that species (Cupressus tonkinensis) - Continuing develop community-based model for conservation; in-situ and ex-situ conservation.

V. PUBLISHED - Pham Van The, Phan Ke Loc, Tran Huy Thai, Nguyen Tien Hiep (2010). Some addition data on the distribution, ecology and conservation status of Cupressus tonkinensis Silba in Vietnam. In 2nd Symposium of the “Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam”, Ha Noi 6-8 December 2010, Vietnam. Abstract, pp. 45 and PowerPoint presentation. - Phan Ke Loc, Wu S.K., Pham Van The, Nguyen Sinh Khang, Xiang J.Y. & Zhang X.C. (2010). Abrodictyum pluma (Hook.) Ebihara & K.Iwats. (Hymenophyllaceae) and Adiantum juxtapositum Ching (Adiantaceae), two new occurrences for the fern flora of Vietnam. Journal of Fairylake Botanical Garden, The 5th on Symposium of Asian Pteridology and Fern Show, 15-21/11/2010. Vol. 9 No.3-4 NOV, 2010. Poster (A pecies was collected in Huu Lien NR under supporter of Rufford Small Grant, ID. 29.03.09) - Pham Van The, Tran Huy Thai, Nguyen Tien Hiep. Some additional data on the ecology and conservation status of Cupressus tonkinensis Silba. in Huu Lien Natural Reserve, Huu Lung district, Lang Son Province. Proceedings of the 3rd national scientific conference on ecology and biological resources. Agriculture publishing house. 10-2009. pp: 1660-1667.

REFERENCE 1. BirdLife International in Indochina và Bo Nông nghiep và Phát trien Nông thôn (2004), Thông tin ve các khu bao ve hien có và de xuât cua Viet Nam, 2004, Tap 1. NXB Nông Nghiep 2. Bo Khoa hoc và Công nghe, Vien Khoa hoc và Công nghe Viet Nam (2007), Sách Do Viet Nam, phan II - Thuc vat, Nxb Khoa hoc tu nhiên và Công nghe, Hà Noi. 3. Bo Khoa hoc và Công nghe, Vien Khoa hoc và Công nghe Viet Nam (2007), Danh luc Do Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hoc tu nhiên và Công nghe, Hà Noi. 4. Bo Lâm nghiep (1977), Quyêt dinh sô 2198/CNR Ban hành bang phân loai tam thoi các loai go su dong thông nhât trong ca nưoc. 5. Các tác gia (2004), Cây thuôc và ñong vat làm thuôc o Viet Nam, tap 1, Nxb Khoa hoc và Ky thuat, Hà Noi, tr. 938 - 940 6. Pham Hoàng Ho (1999), Cây co Viet Nam, tap 1, 2, 3, Nxb Tre, Tp Hô Chí Minh. 7. Trieu Văn Hùng (chu biên), (2007), Lâm san ngoài go Viet Nam, Nxb Ban ñô, tr. 661-665. 8. Trung tâm nghiên cuu Tài nguyên và Môi trưng, dai hoc Quôc gia Hà Noi (2001), Danh luc các loài thuc vat Viet Nam, tap 1, Nxb Nông nghiep, tr. 967-1127, 1149-1151. 9. http://www.iucnredlist.org/

APPENDIX Appendix 1: List of plant scecies in Huu Lien NR No

Family

Species

Labels

Plant habit

I. PTERIDOPHYTA 1 Adiantaceae Adiantum aff. ginkgoides C. Chr. PVT 452 H 2 Adiantum caudatum L. PVT 520 H 3 Adiantum juxtapositum Ching PVT 452,

CPC 050, CPC 076, CPC 100

H

4 Aspleniaceae Asplenium grevillei Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.

PVT 523 H

5 Asplenium humbertii Tardieu PVT 251 H 6 Asplenium saxicola Rosenst. PVT 298 H 7 Asplenium unilaterale Lam. PVT 246 H 8 Dennstaedtiaceae Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore PVT 360 H 9 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn PVT 361 H 10 Dryopteridaceae Ctenitopsis colanei C. Chr. & Tardieu PVT 521 H 11 Cyrtomium caryotideum (Wall.) C. Presl PVT 300 H 12 Tectaria brachiata (Zoll. & Moritzi)

Morton PVT 264 H

13 Tectaria subpedata (Harr.) Ching PVT 259 H 14 Ophioglossaceae Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. PVT 580 H 15 Polypodiaceae Colysis bonii C. Chr. ex Ching PVT 463 H 16 Colysis dissimialata (R. Bon). PVT 245 H 17 Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel. PVT 346 H 18 Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) Farwell PVT 266 H 19 Pteridaceae Doryopteris ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) J.

Sm. PVT 441 H

II. GYMNOSPERMAE 20 Cycadaceae Cycas ferruginea F.N.Wei CPC 094 T 21 Cupressaceae Cupressus tonkinensis Silba PVT 570;

PVT 578; PVT 233

T

III. ANGIOSPERMAE: 3.1. DICOTYLEDONES

22 Acanthaceae Phlogacanthus colaniae R. Ben. PVT 339 H 23 Staurogyne chapaensis R. Ben. PVT 292 H 24 Strobilanthes anamitica Kuntze PVT 536 H 25 Strobilanthes sp PVT 505 Sh 26 Aceraceae Acer tonkinense H. Lec. PVT 336 T 27 Actinidiaceae Saurauia roxburghii Wall. PVT 558 Sh 28 Alangiaceae Alangium chinense ( Lour. ) Harms PVT 559 T 29 Amaranthaceae. Celosia argentea L. PVT 535 H 30 Anacardiaceae Pistacia cucphuongensis Dai PVT 348 Sh 31 Pistacia weinmannifolia Franch. PVT 273 Sh 32 Toxicodendron rhetsoides (Craib) Tard. PVT 568 T

33 Annonaceae Desmos chinensis Lour. PVT 474 Sh 34 Desmos cochinchinensis Lour. PVT 504 Sh 35 Fissistigma petelotii Merr. PVT 442 L 36 Fissistigma sp PVT 516 SSh 37 Melodorum vietnamense Bân PVT 539 SSh 38 Mitrephora thorelii Pierre PVT 448 L 39 Apocynaceae Alstonia guangxiensis D. Fang &

X.X.Chang PVT 567 Sh

40 Beaumontia pitardii Tsiang PVT 426 L 41 Tabernaemontana bovina Lour. PVT 434 Sh 42 Wrightia macrocarpa Pit. PVT 444 Sh 43 Araliaceae Brassaiopsis moumingensis (Y.R. Ling)

C.B. Shang PVT 525 Sh

44 Schefflera alongensis R. Vig PVT 569 Sh 45 Schefflera locii Grushv. & Skvorts PVT 344 Sh 46 Arecaceae Calamus sp PVT 514 SSh 47 Caryota monostachya Becc. PVT 515 Sh 48 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia indica L. PVT 347 L 49 Asclepiadaceae Dischidia acuminata Cost. PVT 270 L 50 Hoya aff. macrophylla Blume PVT 331 L 51 Secamone aff. elliptica R. Br. PVT 271 L 52 Asteraceae Anisopappus sp PVT 533 Sh 53 Gynura crepidioides Benth. PVT 328 H 54 Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

PVT 537; PVT 265

L

55 Vernonia bonapartei Gagnep. PVT 509 L 56 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. PVT 549 H 57 Vernonia divergens (DC.) Edgew. PVT 522 L 58 Balsaminaceae

Impatiens verrucifer Hook.f.

PVT 249, PVT 284, PVT 443

H

59 Bignoniaceae Fernandoa collignonii (Dop) Steenis PVT 575 T 60 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz PVT 530 T 61 Cardiopteridaceae Cardiopteris quinqueloba (Hassk.)

Hassk. PVT 432 L

62 Celastraceae Euonymus aff. cuspidatus Loesn. PVT 544 Sh 63 Combretaceae Aspidopteris oligoneura Merr. PVT 248 L 64 Cucurbitaceae Gynostemma laxum (Wall.) Cogn. PVT 557 L 65 Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. PVT 371 Sh 66 Elaeagnus delavayi H. Lec. PVT 376 Sh 67 Erythropalaceae Erythropalum scandens Blume PVT 254 L 68 Euphorbiaceae Antidesma ambiguum Pax & Hoffm. PVT 465 Sh 69 Bischofia javanica Blume PVT 577 T 70 Breynia aff. diversifolia Beille PVT 456 Sh 71 Breynia fruticosa (L.) Hook.f. PVT 447 Sh 72 Claoxylon indicum (Bl.) Endl. ex Hassk. PVT 512 Sh 73 Croton aff. argyratus Blume

PVT 258, PVT 305

H

74 Croton aff. potabilis Croitz. PVT 487 Sh 75 Croton caryocarpus Croitz. PVT 275; H

PVT 543 76 Croton yunnanensis W.W. Smith. PVT 573 Sh 77 Excoecaria cochinchinense Lour. PVT 529 Sh 78 Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. PVT 506 Sh 79 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.Arg. PVT 315 Sh 80 Mallotus yunnanensis Pax & Hoffm. PVT 329 Sh 81 Phyllanthus dongmoensis Thin PVT 375 Sh 82 Sapium rotundifolium Hemsl. PVT 354 T 83 Sauropus racemosus Beille PVT 291 H 84 Fabaceae-

Caesalpinioideae Bauhinia oxysepala Gagnep. PVT 261 L

85 Bauhinia wallichii McBride PVT 262 L 86 Gleditsia aff. Australi Hemsl. ex Forb.

& Hemsl. PVT 500 T

87 Fabaceae- Mimosoideae

Acacia pennata Willd. PVT 317 L 88 Albizia kalkora Prain PVT 276 T 89 Fabaceae-

Papilionoideae Crotalaria bracteata DC. PVT 534 H

90 Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. PVT 320 L 91 Sophora tonkinense Gagnep.

PVT 351, PVT 453

Sh

92 Gentianaceae

Gentianaceae Canscora lucidissima (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz.

CPC 032 H

93 Guttiferae Garcinia poilanei Gagnep. PVT 313 T 94 Hernandiaceae Illigera thorelii Gagn. CPC 011 L 95 Icacinaceae Illicium difengpi B.N. Chang

PVT 566; PVT 345

T

96 Iodes cirrhosa Turcz.

PVT 367, PVT 467

L

97 Juglandaceae

Platycarya strobilifera Sieb. & Zucc.

PVT 268, PVT 495

T

98 Lamiaceae Leonurus sibiricus L. PVT 532 H 99 Lauraceae Caryodaphnopsis sp. PVT 513 Sh 100 Neolitsea merrilliana Allen PVT 373 Sh 101 Loranthaceae Taxillus aff. balansae (H. Lec.) Dans. PVT 454 E 102 Viscum ovalifolium DC. PVT 323 E 103 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia aff. micrantha Merr. PVT 342 T 104 Magnoniaceae Parakmeria sp PVT 527 T 105 Malvaceae Grewia aff. astropetala Pierre PVT 468 Sh 106 Melastomataceae

Memecylon edule Roxb.

PVT 306, PVT 445

Sh

107 Meliaceae Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. PVT 576 T 108 Dysoxylon aff. tonkinensis A. Chev. &

Pell. PVT 554 Sh

109 Walsura aff. cochinchinensis Harms PVT 458 Sh 110 Walsura aff. villosa Wall. PVT 352 Sh 111 Walsura bonii Pellegr. PVT 325 Sh 112 Menispermaceae Cocculus laurifolius DC. PVT 353 Sh 113 Cyclea sp. PVT 524 L 114 Stephania rotunda Lour. PVT 469 L 115 Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Miers PVT 362 L 116 Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera L’Hér. PVT 326, Sh

PVT 327 117 Ficus sp PVT 531 T 118 Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner PVT 321 L 119 Streblus tonkinensis (Eberh. & Dub.)

Corner PVT 234 Sh

120 Myrsinaceae Ardisia sp. PVT 528 Sh 121 Maesa perlarius (Lour.) Merr. PVT 508 SSh 122 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx nervosum (DC.) Phamhoang PVT 503 Sh 123 Decaspermum aff. parviflorum (Lam.) J.

Scott PVT 446, PVT 476

Sh

124 Decaspermum gracilentum (Hance) Merr. & Perry.

PVT 564 Sh

125 Syzyzium levinei (Merr.) Merr. & Perry PVT 368 Sh 126 Opiliaceae Meliantha suavis Pierre PVT 435 Sh 127 Pandaceae Microdesmis casearifolia Planch. PVT 311 Sh 128 Piperaceae Piper bonii C. DC. PVT 551 H 129 Ranunculaceae Clematis uncinata Champ. PVT 366 L 130 Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. PVT 510 Sh 131 Rubiaceae Aidia oxyodonta (Drake) Yamazaki PVT 542 Sh 132 Geophila repens (L.) Johnst PVT 472 H 133 Hedyotis aff. crassifolia A. DC. PVT 497 H 134 Hedyotis auricularia L. PVT 546 H 135 Hedyotis contracta (Pit.) Phamhoang PVT 511 L 136 Ixora pavettaefolia Craib PVT 430 Sh 137 Mussaenda aff. cambodiana Pierre PVT 540 SSh 138 Mussaenda baviensis in Herbier PVT 541 SSh 139 Mussaenda cambodiana Pierre

PVT 314, PVT 449

L

140 Ophiorrhiza subrubescens Drake PVT 302 H 141 Psychotria sp. PVT 507 Sh 142 Spiradiclis leptobotrya (Drake) Pit. PVT 481 Sh 143 Rutaceae Clausena dunniana H. Lév. & Fedde PVT 553 Sh 144 Clausena sp PVT 518 Sh 145 Glycosmis aff. lanceolata (Blume)

Spreng.

PVT 457 Sh

146 Glycosmis aff. nana Tanaka PVT 343 Sh 147 Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC. PVT 364 Sh 148 Sapotaceae Sinosideroxylon racemosum (Dub.)

Aubr. PVT 574 T

149 Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Hook. & Arn. ) Aubr.

PVT 565; PVT 272

T

150 Scrophulariaceae Brandisia discolor Hook.f. & Thomson PVT 356, PVT 450

L

151 Sterculiaceae Pterospermum truncatolobatum Gagnep. PVT 260 T 152 Sterculia aff. hymenocalyx K. Schum. PVT 552 Sh 153 Sterculia cf. parviflora Roxb.

PVT 286, PVT 428

T

154 Taccaceae Tacca chantrieri André PVT 555 H 155 Tiliaceae Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y.Chun & PVT 301 T

F.C.How 156 Ulmaceae Celtis philippense Blanco PVT 499 T 157 Trema tomentosa (Roxb.) Hara PVT 365 T 158 Urticaceae Elatostema rupestre Wedd. PVT 548 H 159 Laportea disepala (Gagnep.) Chew. PVT 236 H 160 Pilea langsonensis Gagnep. PVT 355 H 161 Verbenaceae Callicarpa longifolia Lam. PVT 319 Sh 162 Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. PVT 501 Sh 163 Gmelina aff. racemosa (Lour.) Merr. PVT 455 Sh 164 Vitex sumatrana Miq. PVT 433 Sh 165 Vitaceae Cissus sp PVT 517 L

3.2. MONOCOTYLEDONES 166 Araceae Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl.

PVT 526; PVT 436; PVT 436

H

167 Aglaonema siamense Engl. PVT 252 L 168 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Denst)

Nicols. PVT 572 H

169 Rhaphidophora bonii Engl. PVT 235 L 170 Rhaphidophora chevalieri Gagnep. PVT 439 L 171 Arecaceae Didymosperma caudatum Wendl. &

Drude PVT 502 H

172 Guihaia grossefibrosa (Gagnep.) J. Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei

PVT 370 H

173 Rhapis laosensis Becc. PVT 545 Sh 174 Commelinaceae Tradescantia zebrina Bosse PVT 470 H 175 Convallariaceae Aspidistra wattii (C.B. Clarke) Hook.f. PVT 250 H 176 Ophiopogon reptans Hook.f. PVT 479 H 177 Cyperaceae Carex drymophila Turcz. PVT 290 H 178 Carex teinogyna Boott. PVT 378 H 179 Scleria ciliaris Nees PVT 293 H 180 Dracaenaceae

Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen

PVT 279 Sh

181 Liliaceae Aspidistra sp PVT 560 H 182 Chlorophytum laxum R.Br. PVT 556 H 183 Dianella nemorosa Lam. ex Schill. f. PVT 374 H 184 Tirpitzia sinensis (Hemsl.) Hall.f.

PVT 278, PVT 498

Sh

185 Orchidaceae Cheirostylis yunnanensis Rolfe PVT 243 H 186 Dendrobium lindleyi Steud. PVT 341 E 187 Nervilia aragoana Gaudich.

PVT 561; PVT 562

H

188 Paphiopedilum concolor Pfitz. PVT 492 H 189 Phaius tonkinensis (Aver.) Aver. CPC 081 H 190 Vanilla annamica Gagnep. PVT 438 E 191 Smilacaceae Smilax aspericaulis Wall. ex A. DC. PVT 322 L 192 Zingiberaceae Amomum thrysoideum Gagnep. PVT 571 H Note: T-Tree; Sh-Shrub; SSh-Scandent Shrub; L-Liana; H-Herb; E-Epiphyte FIGURE:

Fig. 1-12

1 2

3 4

5 6

10 9

12 11

7 8

Fig. 13-20

15

17

16

19

18

20

14 13

Fig. 21-31

21 22

23 24

29

28 27 26

25

30 31

Fig. 32-41

35 34

33 32

36 37 38

39 40 41

Fig. 42-49

44

42

45

43

49 48

46 47

Fig. 50-55

50

52 51

53

54

55

Fig .56

The Transect Chukrasia tabularis Border of Huu Lien NR Cupressus tonkinensis

Fig. 57-61

57 58

60

61 59

Fig. 62-66

62

65

64

63

66

Fig. 67-72

68

67

70

69

71

72

Fig. 73-78

74

76

78

73

77

75

Fig. 79-82

79 80

81 82

Fig. 83-88

83

84

85

86

87

88

Fig. 89-93

89 90

91

92 93

Fig. 94-97

94 95

96 97

Fig. 98-100

98

99 100

Fig. 101-103

101

102 103

Fig. 104-109

104 106

107

108

109

105

Fig. 110 - 113

110 111

1129

113

Fig. 114-117

114 115

116 117

Fig. 118-122

118

121 122

120

119

Fig. 123-127

123 125

126

124 127

Fig. 128-131

128 130

129 131

Fig. 132-139

138

136

139

137

135 134

132 133

Fig. 140-147

140

144

146

142

141

143

145

147

Fig. 148-149

149

148

Fig. 150- 155

155 154

153

152

151 150

Fig. 156-161

156 157

158 159 160

161

Fig. 162

The Transect Chukrasia tabularis

Border of Huu Lien NR Cupressus tonkinensis

Fig. 163 - 164

163

164

Fig. 165-169

169 168 167

165 166

Fig. 170-173

170 171

172 173

Fig. 174-175

174

175

Fig. 176

Fig. 177

Dr. Josh Cole visit Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) on 31, January 2011. From left: Dr. Hoang Van Sam (Forestry University); Dr. Tran Huy Thai (Vice Director of IEBR); Prof. Phan Ke Loc (Ha Noi University of Sciences); Dr. Josh Cole (Director of RGS); Dr. Nguyen Manh Cuong (Cuc Phuong National Park) and author.

Reporting on the results of the project and showing distribution map of rare and threatened species in Huu Lien NR at IEBR – Ha Noi – Vietnam on 31, January 2011.