technical track 802.11n – wireless performance for control? paul brooks, rockwell automation paul...
TRANSCRIPT
Technical Track
www.odva.org
802.11n – Wireless Performance for Control?
Paul Brooks, Rockwell AutomationPaul Didier, Cisco
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 2© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Agenda
• Wired – Wireless Factory Vision and Use Cases
• Deploying WiFi: Autonomous vs. Centralized management of Access Points
• 802.11N – Why its good for CIP and EtherNet/IP applications
• Interoperability: CCX – an industry best practice
• Cisco and Rockwell Automation Testing
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 3© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Agenda
• Wired – Wireless Factory Vision and Use Cases
• Deploying WiFi: Autonomous vs. Centralized management of Access Points
• 802.11N – Why its good for CIP and EtherNet/IP applications
• Interoperability: CCX – an industry best practice
• Cisco and Rockwell Automation Testing
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 4© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Wireless Factory Vision
(Confidential – For Internal Use Only) Copyright © 2008 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Long Haul (SCADA)Various IP based technologies
ISA-100.11a
WirelessHART
Wireless Infrastructure
Factory Server
Wireless IEEE 802.11n Access Point
Process Instrumentation 802.15.4 WirelessHART™ and/or ISA100.11a
Discrete SensorsTechnology: In Research
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet and EtherNet/IP are becoming dominant in processing and manufacturing – WiFi will follow
Process applications have needs better met by Wireless HART and ISA-100 than WiFi
Long distance comms will use satellite, GPRS, 3G, WiMAX etc technologies, Internet Protocols (IP) ensures interoperability
Wireless and Wired – 1 User Experience
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 5© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
(Confidential – For Internal Use Only) Copyright © 2008 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
5
Application Considerations
Common usage todayApplication
restrictions not relevant to CIP
? Product available space ?
Latency biggest challenge
Fidelity biggest challenge
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 6© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Drivers for Wireless ApplicationsMore points of visibility and control
Eliminating Wires and Cables Increase Reliability
• Replace cables (e.g., moving machinery) Reduce Installation Cost
• Wireless I/O, Wireless Sensor and mesh networks• Reach great distances (SCADA)
Enabling Portability and Mobility Mobile HMI (People) AGVs (Equipment) Communications (VoWLAN)
Tracking Assets RFID Real-Time Location Services
Remote Device Monitoring Troubleshooting / Maintenance Instrumenting existing machinery
Video Surveillance Security and process monitoring
Guest Access
802.11 Tag
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 7© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Wireless Use Cases/Configurations
• Operator moves from zone to zone around a machine• Functions enabled and disabled according to location & user• Display changes according to location & context
• Mobile equipment full automated• Moves through a number of access points• Remote control maintained through cycle
• Rotating Equipment
• Fixed equipment in hard to reach location
• Wireless connection lower cost than wired
• Standalone or integrated
Wireless AP
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 8© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Use Case – Anode Making
Moving Ramps:Hard to Reach83 Ramps, 350
locations
Cranes:Mobile
equipment1200m traverse
Workers:Asset
Management,Enterprise Planning
Voice
4 Networks Installed!
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 9© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Images from a Smelter
On-machine Access Point
In-cabinet Client Gateway
In-cabinet Access Point
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 10© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Agenda
• Wired – Wireless Factory Vision and Use Cases
• Deploying WiFi: Autonomous vs. Centralized management of Access Points
• 802.11N – Why its good for CIP and EtherNet/IP applications
• Interoperability: CCX – an industry best practice
• Cisco and Rockwell Automation Testing
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 11© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
WiFi DeploymentAutonomous vs. Centralized
Autonomous Solution Controller-Based Solution Flexible architecture for campus, branch, home, and
outdoor (Mesh)
Fast roaming
Centralized management and troubleshooting for lowest TCO
Mobility Services for voice over WLAN, guest access, context-aware and Adaptive wIPS
Industry leading scale for 802.11n
Small plant or factory
Base level Wi-Fi functionality
Limited Scalability
Upgrade Path to Controller-based
Access Points (autonomous)
Components Access Points
(lightweight)
WLAN Controller
Location Services
Components
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 12© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
CentralizedArchitecture Benefits
CentralizedManagement
Flexible/Scalable
Value-Added Services
Mobile/Secure
Reliable
Wired/Wireless Guest AccessVoice over WLANLocation ServiceMedia Ready (VideoStream)
RoamingSecurity Policy
Wireless IDS
CentralizedArchitecture
Buy as you grow licensingAppliance/Module
Ease of deployment/upgradeLoad Balancing to optimize per user performance
Dynamic RFSpectrum
Management
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 13© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Agenda
• Wired – Wireless Factory Vision and Use Cases
• Deploying WiFi: Autonomous vs. Centralized management of Access Points
• 802.11N – Why its good for CIP and EtherNet/IP applications
• Interoperability: CCX – an industry best practice
• Cisco and Rockwell Automation Testing
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 14© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
What Painpoints Does 802.11n Solve?
• Throughput—Up to 6 times greater than existing networks
• Reliability—Fewer packet retries• Predictability—Consistent coverage and throughput• Compatibility—Backwards support for 802.11a/b/g
clients• Future-Proofing—Guaranteed Interoperability
–Tested/Validated
Better performance for data, voice, video, and control
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 15© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Technical Elements of 802.11n
MIMO 40Mhz Channels
Packet Aggregation
Backward Compatibility
MIMO 40Mhz Channels Packet Aggregation
Backward Compatibility
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 16© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Aspects of 802.11n
Performance
Beam Forming Spatial MultiplexingMaximal Ratio Combining
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
MIMO 40Mhz Channels Packet Aggregation
Backward Compatibility
Performed by Transmitter (Talk Better)
Ensures Signal Received in Phase
Increases Receive Sensitivity
Works with non-MIMO and MIMO Clients
MIMO AP
HALLWAY
Without Beam FormingTransmissions Arrive out of PhaseWith Beam FormingTransmissions Arrive in Phase, Increasing Signal Strength
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 17© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Aspects of 802.11n
Beam Forming Spatial MultiplexingMaximal Ratio Combining
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
40Mhz Channels Packet AggregationBackward Compatibility
Performed by Receiver (Hear Better)
Combines Multiple Received Signals
Increases Receive Sensitivity
Works with non-MIMO and MIMO Clients
Performance
Multiple Signals Sent; One Signal Chosen
Without MRCMultiple Signals Sent and Combined at the Receiver IncreasingFidelity
With MRC
MIMO AP
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 18© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Aspects of 802.11n
Beam Forming Spatial MultiplexingMaximal Ratio Combining
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
40Mhz Channels Packet AggregationBackward Compatibility
Transmitter and Receiver Participate
Concurrent Transmission on Same Channel
Increases Bandwidth
Requires MIMO Client
Performance
stream 1
stream 2
Information Is Split and Transmitted on Multiple Streams
MIMO AP
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 19© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Aspects of 802.11n
40Mhz ChannelsPacket Aggregation
40Mhz Channels Packet AggregationMIMO Backward
Compatibility
Carpooling Is More Efficient Than Driving Alone
Without Packet Aggregation
Data Unit
Packet
802.11n Overhead
Data Unit
Packet
802.11n Overhead
Data Unit
Packet
802.11n Overhead
With Packet Aggregation
Data Unit
Packet
802.11n Overhead PacketPacket
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 20© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Packet AggregationBackward Compatibility
Aspects of 802.11n
Packet AggregationBackward Compatibility
MIMO 40Mhz Channels
2.4GHz 5GHz
802.11ABG Clients Interoperate with 11n AND Experience Performance Improvements
11n Operates in Both
Frequencies
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 21© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
802.11nIt’s About a Whole Lot More Than Speed
Throughput Reliability Predictability
802.11a/g with AP1240802.11a/g with AP1250802.11n with AP1250
IDEAL6092130
2x
Predictability of ThroughputStandard Deviation of Packet Retries
Mbps Throughput
11a/g – AP1240
11a/g – AP1250
11n – AP1250
Average Packet Retries
2x
Enhanced file transfer and download speeds for large files
Lower latency More consistent coverage and throughput for mobile applications
>5x
5x more throughput 2x more reliable 2x more predictable
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 22© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Agenda
• Wired – Wireless Factory Vision and Use Cases
• Deploying WiFi: Autonomous vs. Centralized management of Access Points
• 802.11N – Why its good for CIP and EtherNet/IP applications
• Interoperability: CCX – an industry best practice
• Cisco and Rockwell Automation Testing
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 23© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Standards and Implementation Process
802.11 CiscoWiFi
Standards Group CompanyIndustry Group
The nature of engineers and the “design by committee” environment mean the IEEE often defines overly feature rich standards with many options
The industry bodies’ role is remove much of the “bloat” introduced as “features” into the IEEE standards, often by people not even selling equipment
Cisco adds differentiating features to the “minimal” set defined by WiFi. In the past, this has included better security. Features are licensed to RF chip vendors under “CCX” program
“Feature Bloat” “DifferentiatedFeatures”
“Minimal Features”
How are WLAN standards created? - Roles
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 24© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
CCX Overview
Open Mobility Services Architecture
Standard based innovation
Tested interoperability
Open Mobility Services Architecture
Standard based innovation
Tested interoperability
Innovative and reliable applications
Consistent delivery of services across access networks
Innovative and reliable applications
Consistent delivery of services across access networks
Industry Mobility Solutions
Application
Infrastructure
Secured and robust Mobile foundations
Tested interoperability
Platform for reliable and high value mobile applications
Secured and robust Mobile foundations
Tested interoperability
Platform for reliable and high value mobile applications
Silicon - DeviceAddressing
wave of devices
Managing disparate networks
Deployingapplications
Accelerating innovation while maintaining interoperability
A partnership program to drive accelerated innovation and deliver value to mobile users
Wireless Controller
Mesh APLightweight AP
Generic AP
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 25© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Christophe Servais
CCX – Industry Standard
Over 120 vendors participants 70% of all features developed in the program have
since achieved standard 90% of WiFi silicon is CCX certified.
Foun
datio
n
Rob
ust a
nd
Secu
re c
onne
ctiv
ity
Col
labo
ratio
n
Voic
e an
d Vi
deo
Con
text
–
Awar
eLo
catio
n
Mob
ile
Dev
ice
Man
agem
ent
Services platform for reliable and high value mobility solutions
Fast addressing customer pain points through accelerated innovation
Flexible approach for optimum match of Service and Device function
Commitment to Standards
Delivering Mobile Services across transport layer
Tested interoperability (Network, Device, OS)
Supplementing Wi-Fi certification with innovative and tested capabilities
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 26© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Christophe Servais
CCX Services
CCX services
Robust and secure
Connectivity
Seamless connectivity
802.11 Future Media Future media
Foundation
Location FutureServices
Context AwareVoice - Video Future
Services
Collaboration Management
Reliable and Accurate location
Voice ready devices
Voice quality monitoring
Congestion management
Remote diagnostic of mobile devices
Incr
easi
ng
bu
sin
ess
imp
act
Building robust and secured Mobile foundations
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 27© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Christophe Servais
Making the RF link more secure
Cisco Unified Network and CCX Mobile devices encrypt all management packets exchanged
EAP-FAST natively provided on all CCX devices
Cisco Unified Network and CCX Mobile devices encrypt all management packets exchanged
EAP-FAST natively provided on all CCX devices
Radio interface is composed of Data and Management
traffic.
How to ensure both traffics are
secured?
802.11 Future Media
Future media
Foundation
Location FutureServices
Context AwareVoice Future
Services
Collaboration Management
MFP allows protection from
DOS attacks and quick detection of
“Man in the Middle” and other
Management Frame attacks
MFP allows protection from
DOS attacks and quick detection of
“Man in the Middle” and other
Management Frame attacks
Benefits : highest security made available at no additional cost
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 28© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Christophe Servais
Ensuring fastest roaming with 802.1x
Cisco’s Centralized Key Management (CCKM) is a Key management protocol that enables fast 802.1x reauthentication.
CCKM allows active AP and CCX Mobile device to derive new encryption key before re-association to accelerate the secure roaming process.
Cisco’s Centralized Key Management (CCKM) is a Key management protocol that enables fast 802.1x reauthentication.
CCKM allows active AP and CCX Mobile device to derive new encryption key before re-association to accelerate the secure roaming process.
Encryption Keys are re-calculated at
every association and re-association,
delaying the roaming process.
How to accelerate securely the
management of keys when the mobile device
roams ?
802.11 Future Media
Future media
Foundation
Location FutureServices
Context AwareVoice Future
Services
Collaboration Management
Benefits : Ensures fastest secure roaming for optimum user experience
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 29© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
How CCX Works
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 30© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Agenda
• Wired – Wireless Factory Vision and Use Cases
• Deploying WiFi: Autonomous vs. Centralized management of Access Points
• 802.11N – Why its good for CIP and EtherNet/IP applications
• Interoperability: CCX – an industry best practice
• Cisco and Rockwell Automation Testing
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 31© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Unicast I/O Control Connections
V18
Enables a Logix controller to communicate to other EtherNet/IP devices via unicast
• Applies to standard I/O* and standard produced/consumed tags
• Unicast support for safety produced/consumed tags and safety I/O will be added at a later releaseEnhancements making Logix Wireless Ready
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 32© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Enhanced Testing – Point to Multi-Point
CLX
Switch
AP
WGB
PIO1
WGB
PIO6
WGB
PIO7
Switch
ConsumerCLX
ProducerCLX
LatencyMeasurement
CLX Pair
Load GenerationCLX Using I/O w/PIO
CLX
Switch
AP
WGB
PIO1
WGB
PIO6
WGB
PIO7
Switch
ConsumerCLX
ProducerCLX
LatencyMeasurement
CLX Pair
Load GenerationCLX Using I/O w/PIO
Test Configuration
Load QTY ID
5.67k pps 3 2ms 1-3
4 3ms 4-7
(all) (in band)Total (index) (value) Average: 1075 1075
RPI (ms): 25 Counts First: 0 0 Minimum: 921 921Firmware: 4.700 100000 Last: 30 30 Maximum: 3797 3797
1756-ENBT
First and Last From Controller (us) Notesnon-zero values
Independent pulse generator
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (ms)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (ms)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (ms)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (ms)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (ms)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (ms)
RPI QTY ms
20ms 7 Min Latency 0.921
Ave Latency 1.075
Max. Latency 3.797
1756-ENBT Maximum recommended 4,000 pps
Wireless Performance Matches Wired for I/O Control with 1 Scanner
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 33© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Enhanced Testing – Packet Aggregation
CLX
Switch
AP
WGB1
PIO101 PIO119
WGB7Switch
ProducerCLX
ConsumerCLX
LatencyMeasurement
CLX Pair
Load GenerationCLX Using I/O w/PIO
24-port switch
EN2T ENBT ENBTCLX
Switch
AP
WGB1
PIO101 PIO119
WGB7Switch
ProducerCLX
ConsumerCLX
LatencyMeasurement
CLX Pair
Load GenerationCLX Using I/O w/PIO
24-port switch
EN2T ENBT ENBT
Test ConfigurationInterface Load QTY
ENBT #1 5000 pps 5 2msENBT #2 5000 pps 5 2ms
EN2T 9000 pps 9 2msDevice limits are more significant than network limits
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 34© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Wireless-N A Step Change in Technology
(Confidential – For Internal Use Only) Copyright © 2008 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
The step from Wireless-G to Wireless-N
is as dramatic as the step from10MBps Ethernet with Hubs
to100MBps Ethernet with Switches
Making Mainstream Control Possible
Technical Track 2011 ODVA Industry Conference & 14th Annual Meeting page 35© 2011 ODVA, Inc. All rights reserved. www.odva.org
Summary – Key Takeaways
802.11n is right technology Ratified Already in use in process critical applications
Unicast for control over wirelessActive spectrum management is critical And it is a human responsibility
Architecture options – Autonomous / controller based
Autonomous – small localized point applications Controller based – scalable, multi-application, lower TCO
Technology proven and deployed for Human mobility in the plant Mobile equipment