technology and entrepreneurial education past, present ...€¦ · education 2011‐2016 nmc...
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International Centre for Transformational Entrepreneurship
Technology and Entrepreneurial Education Past, Present, and FutureDr Kelly SmithSenior Lecturer and ISBE Vice President for Education and Practitioner Learning
For Students
For Business
ForEducators
Technology for who?
Quick History of Learning Technology
Learning Technology – 1970s
PLATO from the University of Illinois
Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations
Supported several thousand graphics terminals distributed worldwide by late 1970s
Basis of many concepts in multi-user computing e.g. forums, message boards, online testing, e-mail, chat rooms, picture languages, instant messaging, remote screen sharing, and multiplayer games
Talkomatic, a multi-user chat room application, is created using PLATO in 1973
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univOfIllinoisUrbana/plato/X‐20_The_Plato_IV_Architecture_May72.pdf
Learning Technology – 1980s
Usenet
Concept introduced in 1979 and launched in 1980 Worldwide distributed discussion system a decade before WWW was created Users read and posted messages called articles or posts - collectively termed
news - to one or more categories, known as newsgroups Introduced concepts such as ‘FAQ’, ‘flame’ and ‘spam’
Usenet
“Usenet has been full of surprises from the beginning. The originators of Usenet underestimated the hunger of the people. As the initial intentions were to produce an easy method of communicating with other users at the same site, the programmers thought people would want to have local bulletin boards. However, people were attracted by the possibility of communicating with others outside the local community as well....Usenet grew as a grassroots connection of people. The people who utilized Netnews wanted to communicate, and communicate they did! People have a fundamental need to communicate and Usenet aptly fills the bill.”
http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/book/ch106.x03
Learning Technology – 1990s
World Wide Web created at CERN in 1989 Software made public in April 1993
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html JISC and ALT set up in the UK in 1993 1995 sees launch of early VLEs including Lotus Notes, Firstclass, WebCT
Boddington, and… Wolverhampton Online Learning Framework (WOLF) to deliver training
materials to local SMEs (adopted as the University's VLE and sold to Granada Learning in 1999; rebranded as Learnwise) Blackboard launched in 1997; Moodle in 2002
The First Social Media Platform?
Ran 1997 to 2001 Named after the six degrees of separation concept
Users listed friends, family members and acquaintances External contacts were invited to join the site Users could send messages and post bulletin board
items to people in their first, second, and third degrees
Could map their connection to any other user on the site
The Rise of Social Media
Launch of AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) in 1997 (closed down on December 15th 2017)
Launch of Yahoo! Messenger in 1999 (still going!)
Launch of MSM Messenger in 1999 (closed in 2014; continued in China until 2015)
Launch of one the first blogging sites – LiveJournal (sold to a Russian media company in 2007)
The Rise of Social Media Continued
Friendster launches in 2002
LinkedIn launches in 2002
MySpace launches in 2003
Skype launches in 2003
Facebook launches in 2004 and in 2006 to anyone over 13 years old
Bebo launches in 2005
YouTube launches in 2005
Twitter launches in 2006
Sina Weibo launches in 2009
…
Second Life – Created in 2003
Something happened in 2007…
Before and after the iPhone
Entrepreneurship Education 2006
McKeown, J., Millman, C., Sursani, S., Smith, K., and Martin, L. (2006) "Graduate entrepreneurship education in the United Kingdom", Education + Training, Vol. 48 Issue: 8/9, pp.597‐613, https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910610710038
“The Future” seen from 2011Technology Outlook for UK Tertiary
Education 2011‐2016 NMC Horizon Report2011 Global Edition
2010 NMC Horizon ReportAustralia‐New Zealand Edition
Time‐to‐Adoption Horizon: One Year or Less
Cloud Computing Cloud Computing Cloud Computing
Mobiles Collaborative Environments Electronic Books
Open Content Electronic Books Mobiles
Tablet Computing Mobiles Social Networking
Time‐to‐Adoption Horizon: Two to Three Years
Game‐Based Learning Augmented Reality Augmented Reality
Learning Analytics Game‐Based Learning Game‐Based Learning
New Scholarship Open Content Open Content
Semantic Applications Visual Data Analysis Virtual Worlds
Time‐to‐Adoption Horizon: Four to Five Years
Augmented Reality Brain‐Computer Interfaces Gesture‐Based Computing
Collective Intelligence Gesture‐Based Computing Semantic Web
Smart Objects Learning Analytics Telepresence
Telepresence Semantic Applications Visual Data Analysis
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/E
D532399.pdf
The Importance of Digital Literacy
JISC’s Seven Digital Literacies for Students
https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/developing‐digital‐literacies
JISC’s Six Digital Capabilities
For Staff
https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-teacher-questions-HE.pdf
https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-teacher-questions-FE.pdf
Students
https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-HE-student-digital-capability-questions.pdf
https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-FEandSkills-student-digital-capability-questions.pdf
JISC’s Discovery Tool
DIGCOMP – 5 Areas of Digital Competence1. InformationIdentify, locate, retrieve, store, organise and analyse digital information, judging its relevance and purpose.
2. CommunicationCommunicate in digital environments, share resources through online tools, link with others and collaborate through digital tools, interact with and participate in communities and networks, cross-cultural awareness.
3. Content-creationCreate and edit new content (from word processing to images and video); integrate and re-elaborate previous knowledge and content; produce creative expressions, media outputs and programming; deal with and apply intellectual property rights and licences. http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC83167.pdf
DIGCOMP – Areas of Digital Competence
4. SafetyPersonal protection, data protection, digital identity protection, security measures, safe and sustainable use.
5. Problem-solvingIdentify digital needs and resources, make informed decisions as to which are the most appropriate digital tools according to the purpose or need, solve conceptual problems through digital means, creatively use technologies, solve technical problems, update one's own and others' competences
http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC83167.pdf
Fake or Real News Headlines?
Man Plans Homemade-Rocket Space Voyage to Prove Earth is FlatREALhttp://fortune.com/2017/11/22/man-plans-homemade-rocket-space-voyage-to-prove-earth-is-flat/
Tearful Trump Puts Down Ladle, Walks Out of Soup Kitchen After Learning Charitable Foundation Shutting DownFAKE (Satire) https://politics.theonion.com/tearful-trump-puts-down-ladle-walks-out-of-soup-kitche-1820652734
Confirmed by NASA: Planet Nibiru is Heading Towards Earth and Will End All LifeFAKEhttp://www.disclose.tv/news/nasa_confirms_planet_nibiru_is_coming_toward_earth__nibiru_will_be_a_life_ending_event/131025https://www.snopes.com/nasa-warns-nibiru-is-headed-straight-for-earth/
Conspiracy Theories, Hoaxes, and Dark Posts
http://mashable.com/2016/12/05/pizza‐gate‐fake‐news‐community‐fights/#_rh2.fG14kqD
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/us/shooting‐texas‐hoaxes.html
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/nov/25/vote‐leave‐dominic‐cummings‐online‐guru‐mystery‐letter‐dark‐ads
There’s ‘News’ and ‘News’!
https://www.facebook.com/vanessa.otero.9619
Useful Resources
http://www.newsnow.co.uk/h/
https://www.snopes.com/
https://reverse.photos/
The CRAAP Test
Currency/Date The timeliness of the information
Relevancy/Coverage The importance and scope of the information
Accuracy The reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the information
Authority The source of the information
Purpose The reason the information exists
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/research/how‐to‐evaluate‐info/
Example Current Learning Technologies
PowerPoint
Value or cost of sales
Output Volume
Fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Total Cost
Turnover
Break Even Point
Burns (2016) Chapter 11
Break-Even Point
PowerPoint
Value or cost of sales
Output Volume
Fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Total Cost
Turnover
Break Even Point
Burns (2016) Chapter 11
Break-Even Point
VideoScribe
https://www.videoscribe.co/en/
https://youtu.be/IrsZ‐z_zE7c
Microsoft Sway
YouTube
https://youtu.be/Ot4sMM_hglo
Other example tools and resources…
Socrative – polls and answer visualisation https://www.socrative.com/
Padlet – collaboration toolhttps://padlet.com/
IPO Dragon’s Den Bloghttps://dragonsden.blog.gov.uk/
Financial Timeshttps://enterprise.ft.com/en-gb/services/group-subscriptions/education/tertiary/
The Future?
Accredited Online Programmes of Study
https://www.futurelearn.com/degrees
https://www.coventry.ac.uk/study-at-coventry/online-learning/
Key Trends Accelerating Technology Adoption in Higher Education
Long-Term Trends: Driving Ed Tech adoption in higher education for 5+ years
Advancing Cultures of Innovation Deeper Learning Approaches
Mid-Term Trends: Driving Ed Tech adoption in higher education for the next 3-5 years
Growing Focus on Measuring Learning Redesigning Learning Spaces
Short-Term Trends: Driving Ed Tech adoption in higher education for the next 1-2 years Blended Learning Designs Collaborative Learning
http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017‐nmc‐horizon‐report‐he‐EN.pdf
Significant Challenges Impeding Technology Adoption in Higher Education
Solvable Challenges: Those that we understand and know how to solve
Improving Digital Literacy Integrating Formal and Informal Learning
Difficult Challenges: Those that we understand but for which solutions are elusive Achievement Gap Advancing Digital Equity
Wicked Challenges: Those that are complex to even define, much less address
Managing Knowledge Obsolescence Rethinking the Roles of Educators
http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017‐nmc‐horizon‐report‐he‐EN.pdf
Important Developments in Educational Technology for Higher Education
Time-to-Adoption Horizon: 1 Year or Less
Adaptive Learning Technologies Mobile Learning
Time-to-Adoption Horizon: 2-3 Years The Internet of Things Next-Generation LMS
Time-to-Adoption Horizon: 4-5 Years
Artificial Intelligence Natural User Interfaces
http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017‐nmc‐horizon‐report‐he‐EN.pdf
JISC Horizon Scanning
Key topic areas:
Blockchain Cloud computing Data-driven decision making Open by default Artificial intelligence
https://www.jisc.ac.uk/rd/projects/horizon‐scanning