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ETHICS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property, Viruses, Worms, Adware, Spyware, Privacy Issues, Spamming, Computer Monitoring

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Page 1: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

ETHICS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy,

Theft of Intellectual Property, Viruses, Worms, Adware, Spyware, Privacy Issues, Spamming, Computer Monitoring

Page 2: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

What is Ethics?

Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong

Page 3: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Effect of IT on EthicsSociety as a calm pondIT as rock dropped in pond, creating ripples

of new situations not covered by old rulesSocial and political institutions cannot

respond overnight to these ripples—it may take years to develop etiquette, expectations, laws○ Requires understanding of ethics to make

choices in legally gray areas

Page 4: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Ethical Responsibility

Business professionals have a responsibility to promote ethical uses

of information technology in the workplace.

Page 5: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Principles of Technology Ethics

Proportionality – the good achieved by the technology must outweigh the harm or risk

Informed Consent – those affected by the technology should understand and accept the risks

Page 6: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Principles of Technology Ethics

Justice – the benefits and burdens of the technology should be distributed fairly

Minimized Risk – even if judged acceptable by the other three guidelines, the technology must be implemented so as to avoid all unnecessary risk

Page 7: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Freedoms vs. Censorship Issues

SpammingIndiscriminate sending of unsolicited e-mail

messages to many Internet users (Junk mail) Flaming

Sending extremely critical, derogatory, and often vulgar e-mail messages or newsgroup postings to other users on the Internet or online services (Flame mail)

Racist or defamatory messages or sexually explicit material have led to calls for censorship and laws for libel

Page 8: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Internet Abuses in the Workplace

General e-mail abuses

Page 9: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Internet Abuses in the Workplace

Leisure use of the Internet (time and resource theft)

Page 10: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Internet Abuses in the Workplace

Unauthorized usage and access

Page 11: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Internet Abuses in the Workplace Copyright

infringement/plagiarism Newsgroup postings

Page 12: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Internet Abuses in the Workplace

Transmission of confidential data

Pornography – accessing sexually explicit sites

Page 13: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Internet Abuses in the Workplace

Hacking Non-work related download

or upload

Page 14: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Internet Abuses in the Workplace

Usage of external ISPs

Moonlighting

Page 15: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Software Piracy Unauthorized copying of computer programs

LicensingPurchase of software is really a payment for a

license for fair useSite license allow a certain number of copies

A third of the software industry’s revenues are lost due to piracy

Page 16: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Theft of Intellectual Property Intellectual property

Copyrighted material Peer-to-peer networking

techniques have made it easy to trade pirated intellectual property

Page 17: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

CAN-SPAM Act

Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act.

signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 16, 2003

referred to as the "You-Can-Spam" Act

Page 18: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

CAN-SPAM Act permits e-mail marketers to send

unsolicited commercial e-mail as long as it adheres to 3 basic types of compliance

1. Unsubscribe compliance (Visible Opt-out)

2. Content compliance – label if adult content, legitimate and visible address, relevant subject

3. Sending behavior compliance – can’t have a false header, can’t send on open relay (sending through a third-party)

Page 19: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Adware and Spyware Adware

Software that purports to serve a useful purpose but also allows Internet advertisers to display advertisements (pop-up and banner ads)

Page 20: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Adware and Spyware Spyware

Adware that employs the user’s Internet connection in the background without your permission or knowledge.

It usually sends information to a third party for identity theft.

Page 21: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Cookies Information about you can be captured

legitimately and automatically each time you visit a website

This information is recorded as a “cookie” on your disk

Then the website owners may sell the information from cookies to third parties

Cookies can also be intercepted or retrieved form your hard disk by hackers

Page 22: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Cookies are written by a Web site on a visitor’s hard drive. When the visitor returns to that Web site, the Web server requests the ID number from the cookie and uses it to access the data stored by that server on that visitor. The Web site can then use these data to display personalized information.

Figure 4-3

HOW COOKIES IDENTIFY WEB VISITORS

Page 23: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

European Directive on Data Protection:

Companies must inform people information is collected and disclose how it is stored and used.

Requires informed consent of customer.EU member nations cannot transfer personal data

to countries without similar privacy protection (e.g., the United States).

U.S. businesses use safe harbor framework.○ Self-regulating policy and enforcement that meets

objectives of government legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement.

Page 24: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Privacy: Opt-in versus Opt-out Opt-in

You (the customer) explicitly consent to allow data to be compiled about you.

Page 25: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Privacy: Opt-in versus Opt-out Opt-out

Data can be compiled about you (the customer) unless you specifically request it not be

Page 26: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Privacy Issues

Violation of Privacy:Accessing individuals’ private e-

mail conversations and computer records,

Collecting and sharing information about individuals gained from their visits to Internet websites

Page 27: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Privacy Issues

Computer Monitoring:Always knowing where a person is,

especially as mobile and paging services become more closely associated with people rather than places

Computers used to monitor the productivity and behavior of employees as they work

Page 28: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Privacy Issues

Computer MatchingUsing customer information gained

from many sources to market additional business services

Unauthorized Personal FilesCollecting telephone numbers, e-mail

addresses, credit card numbers, and other personal information to build individual customer profiles

Page 29: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Protecting your Privacy on the Internet

E-mail can be encrypted ISP can be asked not to sell your

name and personal information to mailing list providers and other marketers

Decline to reveal personal data and interests on online service and website user profiles

Page 30: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Encryption Symmetric Key

Asymmetric Key

Three Pass Protocol Asymmetric Key

Page 31: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Advances in IT

Advances in data analysis techniques○ Profiling

Combining data from multiple sources to create dossiers of detailed information on individuals

○ Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA)Combining data from multiple sources to find

obscure hidden connections that might help identify criminals or terrorists

Page 32: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Mobile device growth○ Tracking of individual cell phones

Page 33: Technology Ethics, Computer Crime, Cybercrime, Hacking Tactics, Cyber Theft, Internet Abuses in the Workplace, Software Piracy, Theft of Intellectual Property,

Read the Interactive Session and discuss the following questions

Interactive Session: Technology

Why do mobile phone manufacturers (Apple, Google, and BlackBerry) want to track where their customers go?

Do you think mobile phone customers should be able to turn tracking off? Should customers be informed when they are being tracked? Why or why not?

Do you think mobile phone tracking is a violation of a person’s privacy?

Life on the Grid: iPhone becomes iTrack


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Government Theft: The Top 10 Abuses of Eminent Domain: 1998-2002

Cybercrime Fighting cybercrime...Cybercrime Part II Tyler Moore Computer Science & Engineering Department, SMU, Dallas, TX Lecture 12 Fighting cybercrime Measuring cybercrime The cost

CYBERCRIME & CYBERLAW

CYBERCRIME NEWSLETTERInternal Report Finds U.S. Cyber Security Lacking ..... 17 Higher Penalties for ID Theft Signed Into Law ... Preparing Forensic Examiner for Testimony AG Initiatives

International Telecommunication Union Cybercrime ...€¦ · International Telecommunication Union Cybercrime Legislation Resources ITU TOOLKIT FOR CYBERCRIME LEGISLATION ... This

Cybercrime Prevention Act Sponsorship Speech - "Quashing Cybercrime" (05.11.2011)

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INTERSECTION OF IDENTITY THEFT AND CYBERCRIME...INTERSECTION OF IDENTITY THEFT AND CYBERCRIME 2019 VOCA National Training Conference AUGUST 15, 2019 Mary Ellen Seale Chief Executive

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Insurgent Abuses Afghanistan

April19 HR-News - Identity Theft Protection Provider ...€¦ · identity theft victim should have been working, which disrupts performance and productivity. Cybercrime is not the

Fighting Russian Cybercrime Mobsters - Black Hat is Online Cybercrime? Russian Justice System ... What is Online Cybercrime? Progression of Russian Cybercrime ... • Rise of Nationalism

FIGHTING - Alliance Work Partners | a WAP program · identity theft abuses. If debt collectors harass you as a result of identity theft, file a consumer complaint with the Office

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Cybercrime - Grant Thornton Ireland examples of personal data theft in Ireland and internationally has pushed the issue of data theft and cybercrime to the forefront of global debate

Agenda...4/15/2015 5 10/7/14 | slide 13 ID Theft & Fraud • Medical Identity theft increased 21.7% in 2014, Ponemon Institute • US CERT estimates 47% of cybercrime aimed at healthcare

Abuses of agrochemic

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PREVENT ONLINE FRAUD & IDENTITY THEFT - SentryBay€¦ · PREVENT ONLINE FRAUD & IDENTITY THEFT The rise of cybercrime has led to several major outcomes: 1.An increase in attacks

Human Right Abuses

Coke Abuses

Sejarah CYBERCRIME

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Cyber Security & Cybercrime Threats and challenges BiggestNature of cases: cyber libel; computer-related identity theft; and murder. Basis of the request: MLAT on Criminal Matters

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Cybercrime survey report · cybercrime to the Cybercrime Investigation Cells, followed by phishing attacks (47 per cent) and data theft (40 per cent). • 46 per cent of organisations

Cybercrime - Grant Thornton Ireland · PDF file2 Types and characteristics of cybercrime Definition of cybercrime In assessing the current state of cybercrime, we need to consider

NAS Insurance: Cybercrime Claims in 2017...NAS Insurance: Cybercrime Claims in 2017 As used in this report, the term “cybercrime” refers to the theft of money, securities or tangible

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