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Technology Implementation of

P recycling in Japan

Hisao Ohtake

PRPCJ*

Osaka University

Block 2: Technology and finance

*PRPCJ: Phosphorus Recycling Promotion Council of Japan

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Technologies are available for P recycling.

However, they are not well implemented.

Key issue

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Japan has a lot of experience

and good practice in P recycling.

Why Japan?

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  Gifu and Tottori WWTPs (Sludge incineration ash)   Fukuoka and Matsue WWTPs (Sludge digestion liquor)   Senboku Sludge Treatment plant (Human waste)   Nippon Phosphoric Acid Co. (Sludge incineration ash)   Japan Synthetic Alcohol Co. (Spent chemical catalyst)   Kyowa Hakko Bio. Co. (Fermentation waste)   J-Oil Mills Incorporation (Food waste)   Miyazaki Biomass Recycle Co. (Poultry manure)   Kanesada Kosan Co. (Used extinguishing agent)

P recycling in Japan

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PRPCJ

Gifu

Fukuoka

Matsue

Senboku

Nippon Phosphoric Acid Co.

Japan Synthetic Alcohol Co.

J-Oil Mills Inc.

Kyowa Hakko Bio Co. Miyazaki Biomass Recycle Co.

Kanesada Kosan Co.

Tokyo, Tsuchiura

Osaka

Kobe

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Tottori

Fukuyama

PRPCJ

6 The full-scale plant for recovering P from sludge incineration ash. It started running in April, 2010, at Gifu, Japan.

From Mr. K. Goto, Gifu City Office

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HAP

From Mr. K. Goto, Gifu City Office

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P fertilizer supply: 500 ton/year

The full-scale plant for recovering P from sludge incineration ash. It started running in April, 2013, at Tottori, Japan.

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The full-scale plant started running in 1997 at Fukuoka.

Struvite recovery 9

100-140 t MAP/year

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10 Struvite recovery 10

The full-scale plant started running in 1998 at Matsue.

100-150 t MAP/year

Hydroxyapatite (HAP)

Senboku

P recovery from humane waste 11

Crystallizer of HAP process

Capacity 60 m3/d (equivalent to 60,000 people)

ca. 50 kg HAP/day

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Plant construction cost

50% government subsidy

50% municipal bond

Financing

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13 Phosphoric acid from sludge incineration ash 13

Nippon Phosphoric Acid Co. supplies phosphoric acid (280 ton/day).

14 Phosphoric acid from sludge incineration ash

Storage Mixing ash with rock P

Reactor

Ash

M

ixtu

re

Sulfuric acid

Filter

Phosphoric acid & gypsum

Phosphoric acid

Ash

A maximum of 5% (w/w)

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Diversify P sources

Reduce raw material costs

Motivation and Incentive

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16 Direct hydration of ethylene to ethanol

Catalyst: phosphoric acid 300oC 60 atm. JAPAN SYNTHETIC ALCOHOL CO.,Ltd.

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P2O5 =　29%

CaO = 59%

Organic matter = 12%

P recovery in the fermentation industry

Recovered P is sold as by-product P fertilizer.

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18 P recovery in the food industry 18

h"p://minarai39.blog112.fc2.com/blog-­‐date-­‐201108.html

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Meet stringent effluent standards

Reduce waste disposal costs*

Motivation and incentive

*Mutual benefits with fertilizer companies

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No active policy support

No established market

Policy support and market

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Take action without delay

Try everything possible

Bring benefits to Industry

Japan’s approaches

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  Tight regulation of waste disposal*

  Collaboration among industry, academia, and

government (PRPCJ)

  Big companies’ participation (CSR)

  Many SMEs in the fertilizer industry**

  Government subsidies for technology innovation

* Land filling and land application of biosolids are prohibited. **Principal end users of recovered P.

Japan's strengths

PRPCJ

23 The Phosphorus Recycling Promotion Council of Japan

150 members, 2013

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Principal members Strategy formulation meetings

INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVERNMENT PLATFORM FOR STRATEGIES ON SUSTAINABLE P MANAGEMENT

IN JAPAN

PHOSPHORUS RECYCLING PROMOTION COUNCIL OF JAPAN

(PRPCJ) A  na>on-­‐wide  associa>on  

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan Ministry of Environment

Global Sustainable P management

International contributions

Japan EU North & South America Africa Asia Oceania

Sustainable P management in Asia

Global Framework for P management

Japan China Vietnam Korea Taiwan Thailand India

Coordinator H. Ohtake, Osaka University

Policy recommendation

Interdisciplinary Research

Participation in International meetings

事務局

Development of P recycling systems

Japan Organics Recycling Association

Academia P flow in Asia

Japan Sewage Works Association Saga Prefectural Environmental Cooperation Iwate Industrial Research Institute Japan Environmental Sanitation Center Japan Education Center of Environmental Sanitation Japan Sewage Treatment Plant construction Association Japan Soil Association Japan Fertilizer and Ammonia Producers Association Japan Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Association Japan Organics Recycling Association More than 60 private companies

Industry Government

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  Bring together stakeholders

  Fill the gaps in knowledge

  Provide right information

  Raise public awareness

  Develop strategy for implementing P recycling

  Stimulate research and technology innovation

  Promote international cooperation

  Cooperate with local governments

  Create business opportunities

PRPCJ’s tasks

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  P recovery from steel-making slag

  Low-cost technology for P recovery

  Tailor Japan’s policy to P recycling society

  Raise public awareness

  Bring economic benefits to industry

  Accelerate research and innovation

  Promote international cooperation

What Next?

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高炉 トーピードカー（溶銑予備処理炉）

転炉（脱炭炉）

溶銑（~1500℃）

脱リンスラグ

溶銑（~1400℃）

粗鋼（~1600℃）

P　2-3 w% Steel-making slag

P　0.1 w% P　0.02 w%

Iron making Hot metal pretreatment Basic oxygen steel making

From  Prof.  Tetsuya  Nagasaka,  Tohoku  University,  Japan  

P recovery from steel-making slag

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Global iron ore production = 3.0 bln tn/y

P content = 0.03%

P in steel-making slag = 1.0 mln tn/y

(global P production = 18.0 mln tn/y)

P recovery potential

bln: billion, mln: million, tn: ton, y: year

0.0    

10.0    

20.0    

30.0    

40.0    

50.0    

60.0    

70.0    

80.0    

90.0    

100.0    

0   20   40   60   80   100   120  

KF-­‐2  A　   KF-­‐2  B　  

KF-­‐2  C　   KF-­‐2  D　  P

reco

very

(%)

　 Ca/P＝2 Ca/P＝1.5 Ca/P＝1

N 0.13 0.12 0.19 P2O5 15.6 18.3 22.0

N and P contents after P adsorption

Time (min)

P recovery using amorphous calcium silicate hydrates 29

Onoda  Chemical  Industry  Co.,  Ltd.  

Simple cost-effective process

Decarbonation

Acid A-CSHs

Precipitation Drying

Recovered P (By-product P fertilizer)

Influent Effluent

Acid

A-CSH-P

Floc formation

Reaction

Filtration

90% v/v

10% v/v

Onoda  Chemical  Industry  Co.,  Ltd.  

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PRPCJ

31 P recovery demonstration car 31

Onoda  Chemical  Industry  Co.,  Ltd.  

1-m3 P recovery reactor

Surface treatment chemicals

Food additive

Flame retardant

Electronics, Battery

Chemicals, Pesticide

Fertilizer, Feed additive

Food oil refinery agent

SECONDARY PRODUCT

Automobile body Steel plate

Computer Cellular phone Liquid crystal TV

Antioxidant Flavor enhancer

Home electronics Textile Printer

Electric Car Battery PC battery

Antibiotics Medicine

Detergent Shampoo

Phosphate fertilizer Mixed fertilizer

Cooking oil Salad oil

Eutrophic lake water and sediments

Sewage sludge and sludge incineration ash

Steel-making slag

Waste from food and fermentation industry

Waste from chemical industry

Agricultural and livestock waste

Waste from high-tech industry

Farmland soil

Garbage and kitchen waste

Low-quality rock phosphate

USE APPLICATION

Yellow phosphorus

Phosphoric acid

Etching agent

UN

US

ED

PH

OS

PH

OR

US

R

ES

OU

RC

E

PHOSPHATE REFINERY QUALITY, QUANTITY, COST, AND MARKET Intermediate of

medicine

Phosphate Refinery is the technology for recovering phosphorus from unused resources .

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  Steel-making industry (steel-making slag)   Car industry (surface treatment chemicals)   Electronics industry (etching agents)   Food industry (food additives)   Chemical industry (flame retardants)   Alloy industry (exhaust gas)   Fermentation industry (spent culture broth)   Plating industry (plating wastes)   Pharmaceutical industry (chemical wastes)

P emission in industry

(*) : uses, products or wastes

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Industry participation is the key for P recycling.

Green industry

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PRPCJ Phosphorus Recycling Promotion Council of Japan Contact: E-mail：prpc@jora.jp http://www.jora.jp/rinji/rinsigen/index.html (Japanese) Chairman: Prof. Hisao Ohtake, Osaka University E-mail: hohtake@bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp http://www.bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/be/eng/publications2.html

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