technology meets the market: how technology transfer ... · technology meets the market: how...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vienna, Austria
July 5th 2016
Raffaele Buompane
Technology meets the market: how technology transfer generates
innovation?
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• Technology Transfer generalities• Definition• Ways “Technology” is transferred• Technology Transfer Phases & Players• Types of Technology• Process of Technology Transfer• Factors affecting Technology Transfer• Contents of Technology Transfer • Technology Transfer Office & Teams• Functions of Technology Transfer Teams
• Situation of Innovation in Europe (with statistics)• Technology Transfer and Innovation Examples • EBN role for improving Technology Transfer in the EU
Content
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Technology Transfer: generalities
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Technology Transfer in history
Conceptually this activity has been practiced since ages
Examples in ancient times
Charka - domestic spinning wheel used in India chiefly for cotton
Archimedes - Siracusa (Italy) 287 BC – c. 212 BC - First to apply mathematics to physical phenomena,
physical phenomena, founding hydrostatics and statics, including an explanation of the
principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, such as his screw
pump, compound pulleys, and defensive war machines
Arabian technologies – Cryptanalysis and frequency analysis, bridge mill, vertical-
axle windmill, Mercuric chloride for disinfection, coffee, guitar, lute,
pottery, compass
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Technology Transfer in history
Difference with present time is that today the volume of research is very high
therefore, in general, rather than keeping in mind successes it is better to focus on
failures and study them not to replicate mistakes
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Technology Transfer: many definition
• Technology transfer is the process by which technology or knowledge developed in one place or for
one purpose is applied and exploited in another place for some other purpose
• It is a process which is mainly concerned with the transfer of technology from the research areas
to the “Production and Quality Assurance” environment
• Technology Transfer is the process by which basic science research and fundamental discoveries
are developed into practical and commercially relevant applications and products
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...in other words....
• It is the process by which existing knowledge , facilities or capabilities developed
under R&D funding are utilised to fulfill public and private need
• Technology Transfer includes a range of formal & informal cooperation between
technology developers and technology seekers
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Technology Transfer:to make all clearer
Technology transfer occurs as a result of
market pull when a need or problem causes
companies to seek technology from an
external source
Technology transfer
market pull technology push
Technology push occurs when innovations
or inventions are used to create new
markets or consumer needs
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Technology Transfer: our best choice
Technology transfer is the process of developing practical applications of the
results of scientific research which are easy to handle , are of societal
relevance and are affordable
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Technology Transfer: examples
Commercial transfer
transfer of knowledge or technology from government to commercial organisations for potential or technologies
Exporting resources
collaborative agreements or volunteer services that provide expertise to outside organisations
Importing resources
a cooperative effort that brings outside technology (pull) into the agency/laboratory to enhance its
Dual-use
development of technologies that have "dual" or commercial/government applications
Scientific dissemination
the multidirectional sharing of government, industry, and academic publications (i.e., conference
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Technology Transfer Phases and Players
R&D firms
Supplier of technology
and R&D to third parties
Spin-off, start-ups
Large R&D department
Competitors, suppliers…
(technological alliances)
Universities
Public Research Centres
Technology Institutes
(institutions, labs etc)
Larger
Companies
MARKET
IDEA
Research
Development
Production
Manufacturing
Distribution
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• Consulting
• Graduating students (“moving heads”)
• Faculty moving on (“moving heads”)
• Collaborative research
• Patenting and licensing
• Service and outreach (“extension”)
• Spin-off companies
Examples of Transferring Technology Factors
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field tested
applied to solve a problem
lack a long history of full-scale use
Types of Technology
Innovative
undergoing bench scale testing,
small version tested in lab
cost and performance information available after its use has been
assessed in many different occasions
result fully documented is that technology considered
ESTABLISHED
TECHNOLOGY
INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGY
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
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Technology Transfer Process
Commercialisation
Innovation
Collaboration
Promotion
Investment
Information & Communication
Assessment
Research & Development
Deployment
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• Communication
• Financial
• External
Factors affecting Technology Transfer
• Human
• Corporate
• Technological
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Technology Transfer Contents: 6Ps
Proper Research
Paperwork
Pricing
Publicity
Partnership
People acceptance
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• result are reproducible
• issues such as scale up, stability and other practical aspect have been
addressed
• problem analysed
Tech Transfer Contents:Proper Research
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It refers to institutional/corporate guidelines regarding IP
protection, licensing modalities etc. which must be in place
beforehand
In the absence of these, decision get delayed, lack of fairness in
decision
Tech Transfer Contents:Paperwork
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most difficult and critical area of Transfer of Technology
• too high price can put off buyer, leaving the technology unsold
• too low a price a result in revenue loss
Two basic model regarding pricing:
1. Price charged for a technology should depend upon market force i.e. impact of
the technology irrespective of amount spent on developing it
2. Price charged should include all expenses involved in developing it
Pricing
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It is important to identify and then approach buyer specifically
i.e. adopt targeted publicity and not standardasing this action
Specific journal, website, letters to manufacturer, personal selective visit etc. are some
common approach which help in catching the attention of potential buyer
Publicity
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This means in the majority of cases working along with industry
Industry takes it up, manufactures and makes available to society
Partnerships are important to ensure a technology is successfully adopted
But, careful!
simply conveying the details may not be sufficient
Partnership
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It is generally of no use trying to develop a technology which people will not accept
due to religious reason/social concern etc.
e.g.
• genetically modified food
• irradiated vegetables
• processed beef in India
• improved capsule made of non-vegetarian material
People acceptance
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Technology Transfer Office
its mission is to effectively transfer research technologies created in academies to the market so as to generate
benefits for itself, the community and the general public
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Technology Transfer Office: services...too long to read now
Normally offers a full set of services to ensure effective technology transfer:
• Invention Reporting Facilitation – to assist researchers and faculty providing them advice about potential tech transfer issues during research activities and to assist in the invention reporting process
• Patenting and Other Protections – to provide guidance in planning an effective patent, copyright, or trademark strategy and handle all implementation details during the protection stage
• Start-up Assistance – to provide proactive assistance in analysing potential opportunities to form a start-up and to encourage this interaction during the early invention reporting process
• Licensing – to assist in technical and market assessments and actively market different technologies to industry partners, to create secrecy, evaluation, material transfer, option and license agreements with industry partners to effectively get a new technology into commercial use
• Legal Support – to provide legal guidance and assistance for all of our activities• Decision Support – to provide information and guidance to conduct a business and expedite
decisions by internal and external partners and on policies & procedures including conflict of interest issues
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Technology Transfer Office Team: example
Head of Technology Transfer
IP Manager
Strategic Project Manager
Technology Transfer Executive
Licensing Executive
n.b. – it is possible (and common) to have more then one employee fir the same position when necessary
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Functions of Technology Transfer Team
Technology Transfer personnel with specific roles to:
• evaluate and manage invention portfolios• oversee patent prosecution• negotiate licensing agreement• periodically review cooperative research agreement
already in place
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Coordinate
Coordinating between technology users and developer, between researcher and
important element of technology transfer
Nurture
A main ingredient for moving technology from a research laboratory to a new
successfully in an environment that is supportive for entrepreneurship
Link
Cataloging resources related to business enterprises & connecting would be
entrepreneurship/researcher and other technology developers to outside groups
can help in the process of starting new product, companies etc.
Such linkage provide referrals for individual business counseling, sources of
Functions of Technology Transfer Team: more details...
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Just some remainders about Innovation in the EU
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Innovation in History: Several Waves
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• EU in transformation
• crisis exposed structural weaknesses in Europe's economy
• long-term challenges – globalisation, pressure on resources,ageing – intensify
• investments and structural reforms are still needed in somecountries to avoid unwanted delays in their transformationinto knowledge-based economies
Europe nowadays
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Three main aspects:
1. Innovators have suffered & high-technology companies had revenues decrease for a drop in demand for higher-quality innovative products
2. public support for innovation faces potential challenges given the priority attached to fiscal consolidation (pension, health budgets under pressure) undermining the long term innovation support (education, infrastructure, innovative projects)
3. global financial crisis exposed the vulnerabilities of the global financial system (for instance, banking sector still at risk)
Long and short terms effect of financial crisis on Innovation
Sources:Lien, 2010; Piva and Rossi-Lamastra, 2011; Reinhart, 2011
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Europe 2020 priorities
Europe 2020 puts forward three mutually reinforcing priorities for the 21stcentury:
Smart growth Sustainable growth Inclusive growth
economy based on knowledge and
innovation
more resource efficient, greener
and more competitive
economy
high-employment economy delivering social and territorial
cohesion
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Europe 2020 targets
• 75 % of the population aged 20-64 should be employed
• 3% of the EU's GDP should be invested in R&D
• The "20/20/20" climate/energy targets should be met (including an increase to30% of emissions reduction if the conditions are right)
• The share of early school leavers should be under 10% and at least 40% of theyounger generation should have a tertiary degree
• 20 million less people should be at risk of poverty
These targets are interrelated and critical to our overall success but they are notexhaustive: a wide range of actions at national, EU and international levels will benecessary
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A quick view statistics on Innovation in the EU at present
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Share of Innovative Enterprises (% of total)
0
25
50
75
100
EU
-28
Germ
any
Lu
xe
mbo
urg
Irela
nd
Ita
ly
Sw
ede
n
Belg
ium
Port
ug
al
Austr
ia
Fra
nce
Fin
land
Gre
ece
Ne
therl
and
s
Ma
lta
De
nm
ark
Un
ite
d K
ing
dom
Esto
nia
Slo
ven
ia
Czech R
epu
blic
Cypru
s
Cro
atia
Slo
vakia
Spain
Lithu
ania
Hu
nga
ry
La
tvia
Bulg
aria
Pola
nd
Ro
man
ia
Turk
ey
Serb
ia
No
rwa
y
Source: Eurostat 2012
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Innovative enterprises Product Process Organisation Marketing
EU-28 48.9 23.7 21.4 27.5 24.3
Other on entrepreneurship
in the EU...
Share of Innovative Enterprises by main type of innovation (% of total)
Process innovative
enterprises
Introduced new or
improved logistics,
delivery or distribution
methods
Introduced new or
improved methods to
manufacture or produce
goods or services
Introduced new or
improved supporting
activities for processes
(% of all enterprises) (% of all process innovative enterprises)
EU-28 21.4 34.9 65.5 58.9
Share of Innovative Enterprises by implementation type (% of total)
Source: Eurostat 2012
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Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, by NUTS 2 regions, 2011
(% of ESA 95 based GDP)
Level Minimum Maximum
NUTS 1 3 million 7 million
NUTS 2 800,000 3 million
NUTS 3 150,000 800,000
Source: Eurostat online data code
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Change in gross domestic expenditure on R&D,by NUTS 2 regions, 2007-11
Source: Eurostat online data code
Percentage points difference between 2011 and 2012
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R&D expenditure and personnel, by sectors of performance,EU-28, 2013 (%)
Source: Eurostat 2013
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Innovation performanceby country, 2013
Source: Eurostat 2013
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Technology Transfer: examples
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Non-Combustion Technology for PCB Destruction
Examples of Innovation generated by Technology Transfer
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Successful Examples Globally
Developing an enabling environment for Transfer of Renewable Energy Technologies
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Successful Examples Globally
Phasing out Ozone depleting substances
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Tech Transfer & Innovation: a virtuous cocktail of hands-on actions
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This is our playground!
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• An international community of smart and specialised organisations…
What is EBN?
• …that connect and coach innovators,
entrepreneurs and SMEs…
• …to start, grow, and transform our
economies
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• Created as a European Commission initiative but now a fully private NGO
• 30 years of experience in developing and supporting EU|BICs –working for entrepreneurs
• Headquartered in Brussels, the heart of European policy, projects and people
What is EBN?
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EBN Members
EBN’s ecosystem is drawn from a
diverse range of organisations with
a common interest in
• Innovation
• Entrepreneurship
• Economic development
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EBN Members
Members:• 202 EU|BICs,
satellite offices and candidate EU|BICs
• 67 Associate members
Types• 151 innovation
centre / incubator• 18 University /
Research Centre• 39 Govt Agency• 8 Chamber
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Thanks for your attention
now comments, suggestions, remarks…
