technology path- planning and design
TRANSCRIPT
Technology path- Planning and design
• Distance from the grid
• Dispersion
• Type of load
• Energy resource availability
• Income level and willingness to pay
Key determinants
Technology road map
RE based Multi-Utility centre for livelihood generation
Huge potential in different residential, industrial, commercial complexes, hospitals, hotels etc
Hybrid Smart Mini-grid system
Basic lighting solutions
Huge potential in off-grid villages
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Option-A
Provide standalone system to each household for meeting basic electricity need
Scattered minimum Load
and
community based energy centre for common energy services and livelihood generation
Charge controller
Battery bank
Distribution panel
Charge controller
Battery bank
Distribution panel
Charge controller
Battery bank
Distribution panel
Charge controller
Battery bank
Distribution panel
Option-B :Creating Individual DC/AC Microgrid
Solar array
PCU
Battery
Option-C :Creating Larger Mini/microgrid
7 Try to bring different DG resources in to the common platform through smart system and showcase how the efficiency, reliability and flexibility of the system can be improved
Smart Mini-grid system
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Charge Controller
Inverter
Generator
Switch
Introducing the SMG facility at TERI, Gual Pahari Before Smart Mini-Grid
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Charge Controller
Inverter
Generator
Switch Intelligent Load Dispatch
Analog Digital
Interface
Charge Controller
Inverter
Generator
After Smart Mini-Grid
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Central generating station Transmission Tower
Solar Power plant Wind Generators
Mini grid
Reliability and quality
of power
Requirement of
multiple local
control system
Require effective power
management for power routing
Smart Mini-grid- An electricity distribution network operating below 11 KV, providing electricity to a community. It is supplied by a diverse range of small, local, conventional generators, such as a diesel gensets combined with a range of renewable generators, such as micro-hydro power plants, wind turbines, biomass and solar PV.
Courtesy: TERI
Technology Trend
This figure depicts the standard design of solar PV systems.
The batteries, which are the weakest link, are always in the system loop which negatively impacts the reliability and efficiency of the system
There is little scope for system expansion or grid connectivity.
Smart SMU
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More efficient: Able to directly feed power to the load thus avoiding losses through double conversion More reliable: Allow seamless operation of multiple energy resources More flexible: Same configuration compatible for taking power and feedback power to the grid; thus avoiding redundancy of infrastructure in future Less O&M cost Intelligent load and resource management requires less battery/replacement cost Less post monitoring Cost Support remote monitoring and remote control from the central location with minimal cost
Introduction of smart SMU system: Efficient, reliable and flexible design
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Advantages and Limitations of different options
OPTIONS Advantages Limitations Option-A
Standalone solar system • Each household has
independent system • Allow flexibility in electricity
use • Relatively lesser cost
• Inflexibility in expansion of grid
• O&M at each household level
Option-B Small DC and AC micro grids
• Centralized O&M • Expansion of system is easier
• Distribution is limited to a very small area
Option-C AC Mini-Grids
• Grid ready system • Centralized O&M
• Relatively expensive
Option-D Smart (hybrid) Mini-Grids
• More efficient • More reliable and flexible • Less O&M cost • Less post monitoring cost
• Relatively expensive • Specific skill-set required to
design and development
Technology Intervention
Technology for basic lighting and education
Beneficiaries: Suresh Pal Singh, a farmer Village: Phulpur,
District: Badaun,
State: Uttar Pradesh Partner Organization: Humana People to People India (HPPI) Vocation: Weaving
Increase in income per month: INR 3,000
Village Tentala,
District, Mayurbhanj Partner Organization: SOOVA
Livelihood: Betel leaf makers
Increase in income per month: INR 300
Impact beyond lighting
Village: Butlla Doulat District: Badaun State: Uttar Pradesh Partner Organization: Humana People to People India (HPPI) Increase in operational hours: 4-5 hours
Impact beyond lighting
Preferred by energy providers over diesel generators; • DC based- reduced power theft • Easy to operate • Reduced operational cost
Replaced diesel generators in two market places- 200 shops
Impact of DC Micro-grids
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Rural markets/establishments emerged as the potential sites for micro grid installations
2%
12%
11%
74%
1%
Distribution of end users
Handicraft cluster
Handloom cluster
Households
Market place
Poultry
DC Micro-grids
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Income enhancement through improved light: Handicraft workers can deliver on time.
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Income enhancement: : Pottery worker saves 6 USD a month and is able to make more articles . 22 8/7/2014
Clinic cum medicine shop
Spending: INR 150 for electricity
Earning: INR 3500 per month Educational training center
Spending: INR 150 for electricity
Earning: INR 700 per month Rows of shops
Illuminating the path of livelihood
Grocery shops: Illuminating own shop and illuminating the passion of game
Spending: INR 150 for electricity
Earning: INR 1500 per month
Fishing net making
Spending: INR 150 for electricity
Earning: INR 700 per month
Technology for Health
• 200W to 1kW solar refrigeration for vaccine refrigeration
• Total investment is USD
1000- 5000
Technology for livelihood generation
Water purifier
Turmeric grinder Bamboo splitting
Honey extracting
Battery charger
Solar Lanterns
Solar Multi-Utility Centre
SMU
Remote monitoring system
Net income of USD 350-400/month
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5kWp solar PV system at Dakshin Dimoria, Assam
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Turmeric grinding
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Income Generation from SMU-Assam
Incense stick making, tie up with supplier to ITC
Profit of USD 100/month
Turmeric Packaging and Selling
Net Profit: USD 100 (INR 10/kg and selling 500 kg/month)
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8kWp SMU at Pata-polasahi, Odisha
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Income Generation from SMU- Odisha
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Production of herbal products using machinery powered by
TERI’s Solar Multi Utility
Healing Heritage in the Green Haat event organized by the Ministry of Environment and Forests at Dilli Haat, between 16th January and 31st January 2013.
A poster explaining the SMU and how it has contributed to higher productivity is on display at the stall.
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8kWp SMU in Bausadiha ,Odisha
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Installation of Solar Multi-Utility Centers in 3 sites in Odisha, India for livelihood generation
Challenges faced by the company before the project
• Used kerosene generator in emergency, which was very expensive and
environmentally polluting (Cost of electricity generation : INR 15/unit)
• Very erratic supply of power hampers the quality of the product and thus the
market price
• Throughput reduces because of no power
• However the labour cost was fixed and thus has little margin over
each kg of product
Scenarios after the project
• Throughput has improved by 10-15 %
• Kerosene consumption reduces (almost nil)
– Net profit : INR 30-40,000/month
Many more impact is yet to be observed
Salient features
Technical/
Technological
• Energy efficient system and intelligent load management reduces the peak demand and help in optimizing the size of the solar power system
• 8kWp solar PV system sufficient to meet the demand for 5-6 hours
Financial
• 20% funding came as equity from the company; 80% as grant
• Dedicated bank account for revenue collection
• Paying electricity at INR 7/kWh for O&M fund; sufficient to operate manage and even replace battery on time.
Institutional and others
• Creating linkages with state marketing companies for selling products
• Creating linkages with other developmental programmes
• Local capacities developed to operate and manage the system
Village electrification – Gasifier at Village
Deodhara, Orissa
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Solar-biomass gasifier hybrid system for cold storage and electrification
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• 70% reduction in Particulate Matter – Improved indoor air
quality i.e. better health
– Lower emission of global warming agents- Black Carbon
Impact of clean cook-stove
• Less cooking time – Less exposure to kitchen
smoke
– More time to do other activities/ more productivity
Impact of clean cook-stove
• Success of technology – depends upon its forward and backward linkages
• Smart design approach does not add much cost but add substantially on efficiency, reliability and flexibility
• Strong correlation between technology and Human development
In conclusion
Thank You