Technology path- Planning and design

• Distance from the grid

• Dispersion

• Type of load

• Energy resource availability

• Income level and willingness to pay

Key determinants

Technology road map

RE based Multi-Utility centre for livelihood generation

Huge potential in different residential, industrial, commercial complexes, hospitals, hotels etc

Hybrid Smart Mini-grid system

Basic lighting solutions

Huge potential in off-grid villages

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Option-A

Provide standalone system to each household for meeting basic electricity need

Scattered minimum Load

and

community based energy centre for common energy services and livelihood generation

Charge controller

Battery bank

Distribution panel

Charge controller

Battery bank

Distribution panel

Charge controller

Battery bank

Distribution panel

Charge controller

Battery bank

Distribution panel

Option-B :Creating Individual DC/AC Microgrid

Solar array

PCU

Battery

Option-C :Creating Larger Mini/microgrid

7 Try to bring different DG resources in to the common platform through smart system and showcase how the efficiency, reliability and flexibility of the system can be improved

Smart Mini-grid system

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Charge Controller

Inverter

Generator

Switch

Introducing the SMG facility at TERI, Gual Pahari Before Smart Mini-Grid

8 8/7/2014

Charge Controller

Inverter

Generator

Switch Intelligent Load Dispatch

Analog Digital

Interface

Charge Controller

Inverter

Generator

After Smart Mini-Grid

9 8/7/2014

SMG operation

Central generating station Transmission Tower

Solar Power plant Wind Generators

Mini grid

Reliability and quality

of power

Requirement of

multiple local

control system

Require effective power

management for power routing

Smart Mini-grid- An electricity distribution network operating below 11 KV, providing electricity to a community. It is supplied by a diverse range of small, local, conventional generators, such as a diesel gensets combined with a range of renewable generators, such as micro-hydro power plants, wind turbines, biomass and solar PV.

Courtesy: TERI

Technology Trend

This figure depicts the standard design of solar PV systems.

The batteries, which are the weakest link, are always in the system loop which negatively impacts the reliability and efficiency of the system

There is little scope for system expansion or grid connectivity.

Smart SMU

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More efficient: Able to directly feed power to the load thus avoiding losses through double conversion More reliable: Allow seamless operation of multiple energy resources More flexible: Same configuration compatible for taking power and feedback power to the grid; thus avoiding redundancy of infrastructure in future Less O&M cost Intelligent load and resource management requires less battery/replacement cost Less post monitoring Cost Support remote monitoring and remote control from the central location with minimal cost

Introduction of smart SMU system: Efficient, reliable and flexible design

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Advantages and Limitations of different options

OPTIONS Advantages Limitations Option-A

Standalone solar system • Each household has

independent system • Allow flexibility in electricity

use • Relatively lesser cost

• Inflexibility in expansion of grid

• O&M at each household level

Option-B Small DC and AC micro grids

• Centralized O&M • Expansion of system is easier

• Distribution is limited to a very small area

Option-C AC Mini-Grids

• Grid ready system • Centralized O&M

• Relatively expensive

Option-D Smart (hybrid) Mini-Grids

• More efficient • More reliable and flexible • Less O&M cost • Less post monitoring cost

• Relatively expensive • Specific skill-set required to

design and development

Technology Intervention

Technology for basic lighting and education

Beneficiaries: Suresh Pal Singh, a farmer Village: Phulpur,

District: Badaun,

State: Uttar Pradesh Partner Organization: Humana People to People India (HPPI) Vocation: Weaving

Increase in income per month: INR 3,000

Village Tentala,

District, Mayurbhanj Partner Organization: SOOVA

Livelihood: Betel leaf makers

Increase in income per month: INR 300

Impact beyond lighting

Village: Butlla Doulat District: Badaun State: Uttar Pradesh Partner Organization: Humana People to People India (HPPI) Increase in operational hours: 4-5 hours

Impact beyond lighting

Preferred by energy providers over diesel generators; • DC based- reduced power theft • Easy to operate • Reduced operational cost

Replaced diesel generators in two market places- 200 shops

Impact of DC Micro-grids

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Rural markets/establishments emerged as the potential sites for micro grid installations

2%

12%

11%

74%

1%

Distribution of end users

Handicraft cluster

Handloom cluster

Households

Market place

Poultry

DC Micro-grids

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Income enhancement through improved light: Handicraft workers can deliver on time.

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Income enhancement: : Pottery worker saves 6 USD a month and is able to make more articles . 22 8/7/2014

Clinic cum medicine shop

Spending: INR 150 for electricity

Earning: INR 3500 per month Educational training center

Spending: INR 150 for electricity

Earning: INR 700 per month Rows of shops

Illuminating the path of livelihood

Grocery shops: Illuminating own shop and illuminating the passion of game

Spending: INR 150 for electricity

Earning: INR 1500 per month

Fishing net making

Spending: INR 150 for electricity

Earning: INR 700 per month

Technology for Health

• 200W to 1kW solar refrigeration for vaccine refrigeration

• Total investment is USD

1000- 5000

Technology for livelihood generation

Water purifier

Turmeric grinder Bamboo splitting

Honey extracting

Battery charger

Solar Lanterns

Solar Multi-Utility Centre

SMU

Remote monitoring system

Net income of USD 350-400/month

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5kWp solar PV system at Dakshin Dimoria, Assam

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Turmeric grinding

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Income Generation from SMU-Assam

Incense stick making, tie up with supplier to ITC

Profit of USD 100/month

Turmeric Packaging and Selling

Net Profit: USD 100 (INR 10/kg and selling 500 kg/month)

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8kWp SMU at Pata-polasahi, Odisha

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Income Generation from SMU- Odisha

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33

Production of herbal products using machinery powered by

TERI’s Solar Multi Utility

Healing Heritage in the Green Haat event organized by the Ministry of Environment and Forests at Dilli Haat, between 16th January and 31st January 2013.

A poster explaining the SMU and how it has contributed to higher productivity is on display at the stall.

8/7/2014

8kWp SMU in Bausadiha ,Odisha

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Installation of Solar Multi-Utility Centers in 3 sites in Odisha, India for livelihood generation

Challenges faced by the company before the project

• Used kerosene generator in emergency, which was very expensive and

environmentally polluting (Cost of electricity generation : INR 15/unit)

• Very erratic supply of power hampers the quality of the product and thus the

market price

• Throughput reduces because of no power

• However the labour cost was fixed and thus has little margin over

each kg of product

Scenarios after the project

• Throughput has improved by 10-15 %

• Kerosene consumption reduces (almost nil)

– Net profit : INR 30-40,000/month

Many more impact is yet to be observed

Salient features

Technical/

Technological

• Energy efficient system and intelligent load management reduces the peak demand and help in optimizing the size of the solar power system

• 8kWp solar PV system sufficient to meet the demand for 5-6 hours

Financial

• 20% funding came as equity from the company; 80% as grant

• Dedicated bank account for revenue collection

• Paying electricity at INR 7/kWh for O&M fund; sufficient to operate manage and even replace battery on time.

Institutional and others

• Creating linkages with state marketing companies for selling products

• Creating linkages with other developmental programmes

• Local capacities developed to operate and manage the system

Village electrification – Gasifier at Village

Deodhara, Orissa

44

Solar-biomass gasifier hybrid system for cold storage and electrification

8/7/2014

• 70% reduction in Particulate Matter – Improved indoor air

quality i.e. better health

– Lower emission of global warming agents- Black Carbon

Impact of clean cook-stove

• Less cooking time – Less exposure to kitchen

smoke

– More time to do other activities/ more productivity

Impact of clean cook-stove

• Success of technology – depends upon its forward and backward linkages

• Smart design approach does not add much cost but add substantially on efficiency, reliability and flexibility

• Strong correlation between technology and Human development

In conclusion

Thank You