technology transfer: changes in materials and containers used to store and transport wine
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Technology Transfer: Changes in Materials and Containers used to Store & Transport Wine
By Haidee Johnson200900209
Sourced from: http://www.sha.org/bottle/wine.htm
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Before the Wine Bottle Existed
Glassware from 1710.(Sourced from: http://www.wineintro.com/history/glassware/general.html)
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Before the Wine Bottle Existed
• Egyptian clay pots were used to store wine.• Clay is the perfect material as it can be formed
into many shapes and sizes and when fired is indestructible.
• Wine stored in these vessels are then buried in the ground for temperature control or put into smaller vessels for easier transportation.
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Before the Wine Bottle Existed
• Amphorae developed long vase, tapered at the bottom with two handles.• Designed to fit economic needs of that time.
Sourced from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphora
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The Bottle Shape is Born
• Initially hand blown glass• Bottle has a small capacity
suitable for one drinking session
• Glass as a material allowed the wine to age and mature.
Sourced from: http://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/revwar/image_gal/morrimg/winebottle.html
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The Bottle Shape is Born
• There was an issue, as each bottle was a different shape and size so the customer never knew exactly how much wine they were getting.
• Glass blowing became easier with time and the need for long flat shaped bottle became necessary
• 1979 US set law for bottles to be 750mL
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Wine Bottle Types
Sourced from: http://www.wineylittlebitch.com/2012/03/wine-bottle-shapes-31-march/
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Wine Bottle Types
• Bordeaux: short neck and high shoulder with punt
• Champagne: thick to handle pressure• German Riesling: Green, tall, and slender• Italy: Onion shape wrapped in straw• Bottles were marked instead of labels
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Bottle Stoppers
• Old: Layer of olive oil, soaked rags, wooden stoppers
• Corks: French Monk Dom Perignon used for wine in 1600s
• Current: Screw Cap. No more cork taint but some view as cheap
Sourced from: http://www.yemmhart.com/news+/winecorkrecycling.htm
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Wooden Barrels
• Earliest known cooper tools date back to 100 B.C
• Romans recognized barrels are better for storing liquid than wine
• Bow shape makes it easy to roll
• Today French and American oak used
Sourcedfrom:http://www.clker.com/clipart-10574.html
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Wooden barrels
• Initial Problems:
• Initially the wood used for the barrels stripped the wine of all its fruit
• As soon as the cask was opened the wine would become contaminated and undrinkable if not consumed within a couple days.
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Conditions for Transporting Wine
• Wine is perishable so the amount of movement needs to minimal
• Humidity should remain around 70%
• Temperature needs to be in between 13-16degrees Celsius
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Modern Ways to Transport Wine
• Bulk: in ISO tanks (for international) and flexitank where wine is in bladder
• Bottles: tightly with cardboard dividers or polystyrene as glass is fragile
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Current and Future Storage Containers
Sourced from: http://www.wineanorak.com/wine_in_pet_bottles.htm
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Current Wine Storage Materials
• Stainless Steel Tanks in wineries• PET bottles: cheap, light, recyclable but short
shelf life• Light weight glass bottles: lighter and more
economical• Bag in Box: from 1960s for bulk wine cost
efficient packaging• Tetrapak: made from recyclable products, will
reduce gas emissions.
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References• Before the Wine Bottle Existed. April 2009. Retrieved from:
http://salutwineco.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/historyofbottles/A Short History of Wine Bottles
• History of Glass Wine Bottles. (n.d). Retrieved from: http://www.wineintro.com/history/glassware/general.html
• The History of Wine Part 3: Wine Storage-Barrels. (2009). Retrieved from: http://www.snooth.com/articles/the-history-of-wine-part-ii-wine-storage-barrels/?viewall=1
• Pendleton, J. (2007). Wine History-When the Cork Met the Bottle. Retrieved from: http://thewinehistorian.blogspot.co.nz/2007/09/wine-history-when-cork-met-bottle.html
• The History of Wine Part 2- Wine Storage- The Early Days. (2009). Retrieved from: http://www.snooth.com/articles/the-history-of-wine-part-ii-wine-storage-the-early-days/?viewall=1#ixzz21bSBszLd
• Wine in PET Bottles: Will Plastic Replace Glass?. (n.d). Retrieved from: http://www.wineanorak.com/wine_in_pet_bottles.htm