tecma srltecma.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/tecma... · the most common method used in the first...
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TECMA Srl
THE THREAT OF UNIDENTIFIED
PILFERAGE PII Pipeline Technical Forum
Maastricht, 21st April 2016
Author: Andrea Giorgio Bologna, Tecma S.r.l.
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Milan Head quarter Milan Work Shop
Founded in 1972
NDT plants supplier and services until 1989
Specialty Pipeline services since then
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Company Portfolio
• Pipeline Specialty Products
• Pre-Commissioning Services
• De-Commissioning Services
• Pipeline Cleaning Services
• Pipeline Progressive Pigging
• In-Line Inspection Services
• Defect Investigation and Repair Services
• Georeferentiation and Mapping Services
• Engineering Consultancy
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In-Line Inspection Experience
Main served Customers:
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In-Line Inspection Experience
• 1989: started to provide Specialty Pipeline services
• Accumulated from 1989 to today:
- ILI operation performed using Nitrogen Gas = 1,463 km
- Sea-Line ILI Operations = 2,833 km
- Caliper + IMU Inspection = 455 km
- Logistic & technical support during gas ILI = 12,283 km
- Multi sensor ILI (MFL + Caliper + IMU) inspections = 4,501 km
- Pre-commissioning & De-commissioning = 2,758 km
• 2009 Jan: 1st ever New MagneScan (MFL4) inspection
• 2011 Jan: 1st ever 12” & 16” New MagneScan (MFL4) inspections
Updated to: 03/02/2016
Serving major Oil & Gas Pipeline Operators with the best available technology since 1989
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Since 2001 we have been involved in reporting illegal tappings stealing refined
product from the pipeline network.
In some cases, this illegal acts have caused spillage and soil pollution.
The most common method used in the first years was fitting a circumferential
sleeve with a tap over a drilled hole, sometimes the tap was fitted and the hole
was drilled in a more convenient moment. This method requires an invasive
excavation and is quite prone to local spills.
Tecma’s Experience in Illegal Taps
detection
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Starting from 2011 to nowadays the number of illegal attempts has continuosly increased.
New and more sophisticated methods have been developed and adopted. The most
commonly used method is to drill the pipe and cold force (hammering) a tap/several
taps, connect them with hoses of different type and class up to high rate domestic gas line
pipe. The distance observed following discovery of the reported taps detected during our
ILI operations between the tap and the storing containers could stretch from 20 up to 800 m
Tecma’s Experience in Illegal Taps
detection
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Pull through Testing Starting from 2001 until today, TECMA and GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline solutions
have developed a plan for periodically performing pull through tests of the
available “pilferage evidences”, on pipe spools with multiple wall thicknesses,
with the aim to refine the analysis techniques and train the analyst team. The
main goal was to set and improve data analysis identification protocols for the
illegal feature signals detected by the inspection vehicles
“Courtesy of GE-PII Pipeline Solutions” - Examples of Pull Through tests performed at GE - PII Pipeline solutions test area located at Cramlington, UK
Illegal Tap
Simulation
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Pull through Testing Below an example of a recent Pull through test performed at GE Oil & Gas, PII
Pipeline solutions testing area
Test Details: • Inspection Vehicle: 10” MFL4
• Pipeline Spool Length: 0.8m
• Pipe Type: Seamless
• Wall Thickness: 5.56mm
• Number of Pilferage fitings: 5
Flow Direction
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Pull through Testing
Pilferage 1:
• Cast iron Tap fitted with stainless steel clamp
• No welding
Magnetic sensors
response
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Pull through Testing
Pilferage 2:
• No welding
• Test Engineer that installed fitting
estimated protrusion into the pipe up to
5mm
Magnetic sensors
response
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Pull through Testing
Pilferage 3:
• No welding
• Test Engineer that installed fitting estimated
protrusion into the pipe (up to 5mm)
Magnetic sensors
response
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Pull through Testing
Pilferage 4:
• No welding
• Test Engineer that installed fitting estimated
protrusion into the pipe (up to 5mm)
Magnetic sensors
response
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Pull through Testing
Pilferage 5:
• Drill holes diameter of: 5mm, 7mm and 10mm
Magnetic sensors
response
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Pull through Testing • Multiple Tests
performed at
different tool
velocity and
conditions
• Multiple Signal
comparison
• Features
detection
improvement
• Periodic testing
Pilferage 1
Pilferage 2
Pilferage 3
Pilferage 4
Pilferage 5
Pilferage 1
Pilferage 2
Pilferage 3
Pilferage 4
Pilferage 5
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• 2001: started to provide Pilferage reporting services and
developed Pull through tests together with GE Oil & Gas,
PII Pipeline solutions
• Accumulated experience since 2001:
– Total accumulated number of ILI for potential pilferage
detection: 33
– Total accumulated inspected Pipeline Km for pilferage
detection: 2256.6 km
– Total accumulated number of potential Illegal Tap
Features detected: 269+
Updated to: 05/04/2016
Tecma & PII Experience in Illegal Taps
detection in Italy
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• Highest number of potential Illegal Tap features detected in
a single Run: 41
• Reported potential Illegal tap features Vs. Confirmed Illegal
Pilferage Ratio: > 90% (for those features for which we were able
to receive a direct feedback)
– Very difficult to receive feedbacks from the Customers
– “Undercover” inspections programmed in short time and
with only few actors involved
Updated to: 05/04/2016
Tecma & PII Experience in Illegal Taps
detection in Italy
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Real examples of detected Illegal Taps
Based upon our experience in detecting and investigating
illegal taps, we can classify the detected features in:
Active Pilferage
• Drilled/Hammered Cold Taps
• Welded Taps
• Sleeve Type Taps
Latent Pilferage
• Same as above but the taps and connection have never
been used for several different reasons
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Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Drilled/Hammered Cold Taps
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Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Drilled/Hammered Cold Taps
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Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Welded Taps (very well hidden !)
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Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Welded Taps
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Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Sleeve Type (only partially ferromagnetic)
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Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Sleeve Type Taps
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• Illegal taps installed and never used
(«Sleeping» illegal taps)
• The thieves that installed the illegal
taps got arrested or eventually
“sold” the position to other criminals
• Most dangerous illegal taps !
Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Latent Pilferage Taps
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Real examples of Illegal Taps detected
Special hidden Pilferage Taps
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TECMA support to Pipeline Operators for improving and
counteract Pilferage in Italy:
1. Storing critical size MFL Inspection vehicles at our base
2. Fast track in-field deployment to support Customer emergency calls
3. Continuous communication with Customer
4. Immediate data transmission upon run completion to the analysis
team
1. Report deliverables: – Fast track Change Report (24hrs – 48hrs)
– 1/2 weeks complete Change Report
– 4/6 weeks full Pilferage & Pinhole Report (SHR+ Specification)
2. Support to Client investigation
3. Multiple yearly run Plan with commercial benefits to the Customer
4.TECMA’s personnel continuous training on ILI vehicles operations:
– Commissioning/De-commissioning
– Run Data download
– Data transmission
Battling the Pilferage Problem
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1 – ILI VEHICLES STORAGE & MAINTENANCE
• MFL inspection vehicles stored
at Tecma workshop
• ILI tools dedicated work area
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2 – FAST TRACK IN FIELD PROCESS
• Emergency call
from Customer
• Cleaning/gauging
Pig ready off the
shelf
MFL vehicles always in “ready
to run” condition
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2 – FAST TRACK PROCESS
We offer the possibility
of performing the
preliminary pre-
calibration assessment
with Poly Pig to
eventually avoid running
more intrusive cleaning
pigs (bi-di) that could
trigger product leaks at
pilferage sites
Multiple evidences of potential
illegal taps
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2 – FAST TRACK PROCESS
• Calibration Run
• Gauging assessment
Multiple evidences of severely
protruding potential illegal taps
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2 – FAST TRACK PROCESS
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3 – COMMUNICATION WITH CUSTOMER
• 24/7 communication with Customer key persons
• Pig tracking during In-Line Inspection
• Pressure and Flow monitoring service
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4 – INSPECTION DATA TRANSMISSION AND FOLLOW-UP
• Continuous liasing with the Analysis team
• Continuous feedbacks reporting
• Mobile phone GPS
accuracy sometimes
not sufficient
• Need to support
Client investigation
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4 – INSPECTION DATA TRANSMISSION AND FOLLOW-UP
• Dig sheets for supporting
Field investigation/
• GPS Position reporting &
• Google™ screenshots
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5 – REPORTING DELIVERABLES
Pipeline Change Report:
Conducted using multiple ILI data sets
Identifies all feature/fitting changes
Analysts concentrate on metal gain signals
Detailed metal Loss analysis conducted in areas where changes to pipeline fittings are identified
Aim: find attachments made from ferrous material
What the Client gets:
A pipeline change listing
Screenshot of each change area
Dig sheet and Google™ map images (if mapping data available) of features as soon as they are located.
Delivered within 10-15 working days
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5 – REPORTING DELIVERABLES
Screenshot Example of a Change Report
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5 – REPORTING DELIVERABLES
Detailed Pipeline Pilferage metal loss Report:
Includes scope from pipeline change report
Uses full MFL tri-axial and caliper data to detect pinhole defects along the entire pipeline
Focuses on small pinhole and small pit defects
Identifies metal loss and any associated ferrous fittings.
What the Client gets:
A pipeline change listing – including metal loss information at any potential pilferage sites
• New dents
• All Off-takes and attachments
• Any feature potentially linked to preparation work for illegal offtakes
Screenshot of each change area
Dig sheet and Google™ map images (if mapping data available) of features as soon as they are located.
Uses all metal loss data to find pinholes from 3mm
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6 – SUPPORTING CLIENTS DURING IN-FIELD INVESTIGATION
• In-Field verification and investigation
• Analyzing Customer feedback
• Feature detection improvement
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Supporting the Customer during Repairing of Illegal Taps
6 – SUPPORTING CLIENTS DURING IN-FIELD INVESTIGATION
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7 – MULTIPLE RUNS PER YEAR
• Regular change reports
Run rate goes
up…
…price goes down
Flexibility for Emergencies
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
2 Runs per Year 3 Runs per Year 4 or more Runs per Year
10 days mobilization 5 days mobilization 3 days mobilization
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8 – TECMA’S PERSONNEL TRAINING
• Technical Qualification and
competence verification
• Continuous training
• Commissioning/Decomissioning
• Data download and transfer
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CONTACTS
For additional and more detailed informations
please refer to:
TECMA S.r.l. Via A. Milesi, 5-7
20133 Milano
Phone: +39 02.738.12.41
Fax: +39 02.71.38.41
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: www.tecma.it
Managing Director Mr. Andrea Bologna
Mobile +39 348.22.43.443
E-mail [email protected]
Sales Manager Mr. Raffaele Zaffaroni
Mobile +39 348.22.10.292
E-mail [email protected]
Operation Supervisor Mr. Paolo Rigamonti
Mobile +39 348.22.60.827
E-mail [email protected]
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Thank you for your attention