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KeyAAB = Ağacören–Avanos BlockABa = Adriatic BasinAbo = Alboran BasinAeg = AegeanAeg-WA = Aegean-west AnatoliaAEs = Apulian EscarpmentAfr = AfricaAfy = Afyon Zone (metamorphic Bolkardağı Zone)Ag = AlgeriaAGFZ = Azores-Gibraltar Fracture Zoneağm = Ağvanis Massif AgO = Ano Gare� OphioliteAJ= Al JawfAla = Aladağ NappeAlB = Algerian BasinAlp = AlpsAlp = Alpuarride NappeAly = Alanya NappesAmM = Armorican MarginAmO = Amasia OphioliteAna = Anaximander SeamountAnM = Ankara MélangeAnt = AntalyaAnt = Antalya NappesAPo = Africo-Polsi NappeApp = Apenninic Platform NappeApu = Apulian PlatformAqu = Aquitanian BasinsAr = ArabiaAra = ArabiaArF = Arax Faultat = Achara-Trialet regionAxZ = Axial ZoneAYB = Akdağ-Yozgat BlockBaF = Ballaton Fault

Bal = Balkanide NappesBBA = Bay of Biscay AxisBBO = Baer Bassit OphioliteBBP = Beni Boussera PeridotiteBDVF = Bogdan Dragos Voda FaultBey = Beydağları PlatformB� = Bornova FlyschBHO = Beyşehir-Hoyran OphioliteBi = BitlisBih = Bihor NappesBin = Binboğa MetamorphicsBis = Bay of Biscay BasinBit = Bitlis MassifBls = Baleares BlockBol = Bolkardağı NappeBoz = Bozkır NappeBri = Briançonnais NappeBS = Bitlis Suturebu = Basal Unitbü = Bükk mountainsBud = Budva-Cukali NappeÇan = Çankırı BasinCAP = Calabrian Accretionary PrismCau-E = Caucasus-Eastcbs = Cycladic Blueschist UnitCCC = Crnook-Osogovo-Lisets core complex CDo = Central DobrogeaCeF = Cerna FaultCEO = Cretaceous Eastern Mediterranean OphiolitesChO = Chenaillet OphioliteCil = Cilicia BasinÇiO = Çiçekdağı OphioliteCl = Calabria slabCod = Codru NappesCOF = Capidava-Ovidiu Faultcor = CorsicaCp-N = Carpathians-NorthCp-S = Carpathians-South

CRh = Circum-RhodopeCS = Cilicia SutureCSa = Chaînes Sub-AlpinesCSB = Corsica-Sardinia BlockCSe = Ceahlau-Severin UnitsCTIB = Central Tauride Intramontane Basinscy = CyprusCy = CyprusDal = Dalmatian NappeDan = Danubian NappesDil = Dilek NappeDiO = Divriği OphioliteDIv = Drina-Ivanjica NappeDoC = Dorsale CalcaireDoO = Doğanşehir meta-OphioliteDTF = Deliler-Tecer FaultEAFZ = East Anatolian Fault ZoneEBD = East Bosnian Durmitor NappeEbr = Ebro BasinEBS = Eastern Black Sea BasinEcF = Ecemiş FaultEFd = External Foredeep (Northern Apennines)Eg = Egypt (Mediterranean part of Arabia slab)Ela = Elaziğ magmatic suiteElO = Eldivan OphioliteEMa = External MassifsEmB = Emile Baudot TransformEmp = EmporiosEmT = Easternmost TauridesEoA = Eo-Alpine high-pressure unitsEPo = Eastern PontidesEur = EurasiaEVO = East Vardar OphiolitesEW = Engadine WindowExB = External BeticsExR = External RifGb-B = Gibraltar-BeticGb-W = Gibraltar-WestGCA = Greater Caucasus

GCB = Greater Caucasus BasinGdL = Gulf of Lion BasinGet = Getic NappesGey = Geyikdağı NappeGho = Ghomaride NappeGiF = Giudicarie FaultGO = Guevgueli OphioliteGoC = Gulf of Corinth GrabenGöF = Göksun FaultGöO = Göksun OphioliteGoV = Gulf of Valencia BasinGuO = Guleman OphioliteGüO = Güre OphioliteGvO = Guvan OphioliteHak = Hakkari Basin NappeHaO = Hatay OphioliteHay = Haymana BasinHbO = Halilbağı OphioliteHe = HerodotusHeB = Herodotus BasinHel = Helvetic NappesHKa = High Karst NappeHyP = Hyblean PlateauIAESZ = Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture ZoneIbe = Iberiaibi = IbizaICi = Iranian CimmeridesIcu = Inner Carbonate Unit (Sicily)IL = Insubric LineIMF = Intra-Moesian FaultIoB = Ionian BasinIon = Ionian NappeIPS = Intra-Pontide SutureIPSZ = Iranian Paleotethys Suture ZoneIsO = Ispendere OphioliteIst = Istanbul ZoneIvD = Ivriz DetachmentIvr= Ivrea ZoneJAO = Jurassic Anatolian Ophiolites

JKo = Jadar-Kopaonik NappeJur = Jura fold-thrust beltKah = Kahramanmaraş BasinKAP = Küre Accretionary PrismKar = Karakaya ComplexKb = KabylidesKeb = Keban MetamorphicsKFB = Kura Fold BeltKFZ = Kefallonia Fault ZoneKhO = Khost OphioliteKır = Kırşehir BlockKKB = Kırşehir-Kırrıkkale blockKKS = Kağızman-Khoy sutureKoO = Koçali OphioliteKöO = Kömürhan OphioliteKor = Korab NappeKra = Krasta-Cukali NappeKru = Kruja NappeKTB = Kağızman-Tuzluca BasinKTBIS = King’s Trough – Bay of Biscay – Pyrenees fault systemKTJ = Karlıova Triple JunctionLAp = Latio-Abruzzi Platformlc = Lesser CaucasusLeB = Levant BasinLig = LiguridesLKU = Lower Kabylides UnitLNa = Lycian NappesLNe = Lago Negro NappeLPe = Lower Pelagonian ZoneLSi = Ligurian-Sicilide UnitsLyO = Lycian OphiolitesMac = Macin NappeMad = Maden arc/basinMag = Magura FlyschMal = Malatya Metamorphicsmal = MallorcaMam = Mammonia ComplexMAR = Mid-Adriatic Ridge

MAR = Mid-Adriatic RidgeMBSH = Mid-Black Sea HighMCL = Mid-Cycladic LineamentMCT = Main Caucasus Thrustme = Medvenica mountainsMe = MesopotamiaMec = Mecsek Nappes Mel = Meliaticum ophiolitesMen = Menderes NappesMeO = Mersin OphioliteMeR = Mediterranean RidgeMEs = Malta EscarpmentMes = MesetaMHı = Muş-Hınıs BasinMHSZ = Mid-Hungarian Shear ZoneMiM = Misis MélangeMiO = Mirdita OphioliteMlg = Malaguide NappeMoe = Moesian PlatformMOF = Malatya-Ovacık FaultMol = Molise Basin NappeMSz = Maritsa Shear Zonemu = Munzur mountainsMun = Munzur ZoneMyO = Meydan OphioliteNA = North ApenninesnAd = Northern AdriaNAf = North African TransformNAFZ = North Anatolian Fault ZoneNAM= North AmericaNBTZ = North Baleares Transform ZoneNeF = Nevado-Filabride UnitNeT = Nestos ThrustNic = Niculitel NappeNPF = North Pyrenean FaultNPFZ = North Pollino Fault ZoneNPZ = North Pyrenean ZoneNSu = Nappes SupérieuresOAS = Olevano-Antrodoco-Sibillini Thrust

OCa = Outer CarpathiansOcu = Outer Carbonate Unit (Sicily)OOW = Olympos-Ossa WindowÖre = Ören Unit (metamorphic Bolkardağı Zone)Org = Organyà Basinpa = ParosPaP = Pangaion-Pirin UnitPar = Paranassos NappePar = Parentis BasinPCF = Peceneaga-Camena FaultPDo = Pre-Dobrogea PeF = Periadriatic FaultPie = Piedmont BasinPin = Pindos NappePıO = Pınarbaşı OphiolitePKa = Pre-Karst NappePKO = Pozantı-Karsantı OphiolitePla = Plattenkalk-Tripali Unit (metamorphosed Ionian Zone)Po = PontidesPor = Porcupine MicroplatePPe = Pyrenean Peridotitespq = Phyllite-Quartzite UnitPrA = Pre-Apulian Nappepro = ProvencePST = Pliny and Strabo TrenchesPüt = Püturge MassifPW = Pelion WindowRdF = Rhenodanubian FlyschRe = RagganeReO = Refahiye OphioliteRhL= Rhodope Lower UnitRhM = Rhodope Middle UnitRhU = Rhodope Upper UnitRLF = Racha–Lechkhumy FaultRoP = Ronda PeridotiteRUm = Rhodope Uppermost UnitRW = Rechnitz Window

SAB = South Armenian BlockSak = Sakarya ZoneSal = Southern AlpsSAM = Sevan-Akera MélangeSaO = Sarıkaraman OphioliteSAP = Stilo-Aspromonte-Peloritan Blocksar = SardiniaSAS = Sevan-Akera SutureSBi = Southern Biscay MicroplateSCS = South Caspian Sea BasinScy = Scythian PlatformSD = Simplon DetachmentSDo = South DobrogeaSeM = Serbo-Macedonian unitsSes = Sesia FragmentSge = Supragetic NappesSGo = Sredna-Gora UnitSiB = Sirte BasinSiv = Sivas BasinSlc = Schistes Lustrés CorsicaSPe = Scutari-Pec FaultSpe = Subpenninic UnitsSPZ = South Pyrenean ZoneSS = Sava SutureSSB = Strait of Sicily BasinStD = Strimon DetachmentStr = Struma Unitsvl = Sestri-Voltaggio Lineta = TalyszTaf = Tauric FlyschTav = Tavşanlı NappeTCa = Transcaucasus ZoneTDS = Tisza-Dacia SutureTel = Tell BeltTen = Tenda unit and Lower External Continental UnitsTiF = Timok FaultTrF = Trotus FaultTri = Tripolitza Nappe

Tro = Trojan FlyschTrO = Troodos OphioliteTry = Trypa GroupTsm = Temsamane UnitTsv = Transylvanian BasinTTL = Tornqvist-Tesseyre LineTuF = Tuzgölü FaultTul = Tulcea NappeTus = Tuscan NappesTuz = Tuzgölü BasinTW = Tauern WindowTyr = Tyrrhenian BasinUEF = Uludağ-Eskisehir FaultUKU = Upper Kabylides UnitUlu = Ulukışla BasinUma = Umbria-Marche NappeUPe = Upper Pelagonian NappeUWA = Upper West Alpine NappeVMO = Val Marecchia OphioliteWBS = Western Black Sea BasinWBT = West Black Sea TransformWVO = West Vardar OphiolitesZa = ZagrosZag = Zagros fold-thrust beltZS = Zagros Suture

Tectonic Map of the Mediterranean RegionLanghian - 15 Ma

Douwe J.J. van Hinsbergen, Trond H. Torsvik, Stefan M. Schmid, Liviu C. Maţenco, Marco Ma�one, Reinoud L.M. Vissers, Derya Gürer, and Wim Spakman, 2019, Kine-matic reconstruction and tectonic evolution of the Mediterranean region since the Triassic, Gondwana Research

Ivr

Eurasia

European passive margin units of the Alpine Tethys

Variscan Iberia

Iberian margin and intraplate Mesozoic basins

Africa

Arabia

Arabian passive margin units

Alboran-Kabylides units

Sardinia-Corsica-Briançonnais

Calabria and Upper Austro-Alpine units

Eo-Alpine High-Pressure units

Lower Austro-Alpine units

Moesian Platform

North Dobrogea Orogen

Danubian-Struma margin ofMoesian platform

Dacia megaunit:Getic-Sredna Gora

Dacia megaunit:Supragetic-Serbomacedonian

Dacia megaunit:Circum-Rhodope-Strandja

Tisza megaunit

Pontides

South Armenian Block

African passive margin units

Iranian Cimmeridees

Jurassic Anatolian Ophiolitesand Intra-Pontide Suture

Valais-Magura Ocean

Atlantic-Piemonte-Ligurian Ocean

Ligurian ophiolites

Ceahlau-Severin Ocean

Rhodope Middle Unit/Nestos Suture

Paleotethys (until ~180 Ma);Paleotethys-derived units (after ~180 Ma)

Sava Ocean (Jurassic-Cretaceoussuprasubduction zone spreading)

East Vardar Ophiolites

West Vardar Ophiolites

Greater Caucasus Basin

North America

Neotethys Ocean

Greater Adria:Jadar Kopaonik

Greater Adria: Drina-Ivanjica-Upper Pelagonian - Tavşanlı - Kırşehir

Greater Adria: East Bosnian-Dormitur-Lower Pelagonian-Ören-Afyon-Easternmost Taurides

Greater Adria: High Karst - Parnassos - Aladağ

Greater Adria: Southern Alps - Northern Adria - Dalmatia - Tripolitza - Beydağları - Geyikdağı

Greater Adria: Umbria-Marche - Ionian - Antalya - Alanya - Malatya - Binboğa

Greater Adria: Budva - Pindos - Dilek

Greater Adria: Apulian Platform

Greater Adria: Lagonegro - Molise

Greater Adria: Apenninic - Lazio - Abruzzo Platform

Greater Adria: Tuscan margin units

Eastern Mediterranean Ocean

Misis Supra-sudbuction zone Ocean

Cretaceous Eastern Mediterranean Ophiolites

Other Rhodopian Units

Active major fault

Inactive major fault

Strike-slip fault

Normal fault ❚ ❚

Thrust fault ▲ ▲

Extensional detachment fault ■ ■

Trench

Suture

Transform fault

Spreading ridge

Metamorphosed unit