ted ed – 4 min. 238 92 u → 234 90 th + 4 2 he + ɣ write a nuclear reaction for… uranium-238...
TRANSCRIPT
TED Ed – 4 min
23892 U
→ 23490 Th
+ 42 He
+
ɣ
Write a nuclear reaction for…
Uranium-238 decays into Thorium-234:
92 = 90 + 2 (conservation of atomic number)
238 = 234 + 4 (conservation of atomic mass)
Uranium nucleus emits 2 protons and 2 neutrons:
- an alpha particle (=helium nucleus)
Don’t forget the gamma radiation!
13153 I
→ 13154 Xe
+ 0-1 e
+
ɣ
Write a nuclear reaction for…
Iodine-131 decays into Xenon-131:
53 = 54 – 1 (conservation of atomic number) 131 = 131 + 0 (conservation of atomic mass)
Physically, what is going on here?
*** a neutron changes into a proton (plus electron) ***
Don’t forget the gamma radiation!
147 N
→ 178 O
+ 42 He
+
Try this: splitting the atomRutherford fired alpha particles into a jar of nitrogen gas. He discovered the products were oxygen-17 + another particle. Write the nuclear equation for the reaction:
7 + 2 = 8 + 1 (conservation of atomic number) 14 + 4 = 17 + 1 (conservation of atomic mass)
11 H
So what actually is the other particle produced?
- a hydrogen nuclei (a proton!)
- no gamma (because not a decay)
Today’s Learning:
1) Balance equations for nuclear reactions
2) Use E=mc2 to calculate the energy released in a nuclear reaction
or:
2E mc
2/m E c
In Rutherford’s experiment: (printed this for you!)
147 N
→ 178 O
+ 42 He
+ 11 H
The rest masses of the particles involved are:
1) Calculate the total mass before and after the reaction
The alpha particle had an initial kinetic energy of
12.50 x 10-13 J. After the reaction, the kinetic energy ofthe oxygen atom was 6.4 x 10-14J and the proton was 9.48 x 10-13J.
3) Verify Einstein’s theory of mass-energy equivalence
2) Calculate the total energy before and after the reaction
Check you understand and can do this yourself:Read pages 191-194
Complete and mark Activity 12A, Q1,2,3
Due…
Symphony of ScienceThe Quantum World - 3min 29sec