tehnologiya_dostupa_fttx технология доступа
DESCRIPTION
курсовая работаTRANSCRIPT
( )
FTTx
- . . _ , , . . _ ,
,
___________________
2011
( )
FTTx -071
, ,
17
40 ., 7 , 10 .
: 1-30 , : 1 15 .
..
,
..
,
5
71
71.1
71.1.1
101.1.2
121.1.3 (xDSL)
181.2 -
181.2.1 FTTx
231.2.2 PON
261.3 (CATV)
281.4
342
40
41
. , , , .
. , , , .. , 21- , , . , , - , , . , , , . , , . . . , . . , , . . . - . . , . . . . . , , , , . , , , , . , . . : - . , .1 1.1 1.1.1
(.dial-up) , , , ( ) (, ). dial-up PPP ( SLIP). , . , , - . , , . , ISP . , . 56 / ( V.90 V.92), 40-45 /, 30 /. , , . 15 / , , , . , 400 . V.42, V.42bis V.44 , . , 53.3 / V.44 53.3*6 = 320 /, . , ( ZIP, JPEG, MP3, MPEG). 50 /, 160 /, 320 /. () , , , , . ISP. 56 , , Netzero Juno, , . , Netscape ISP , , . , , V.44 . - 5%, , 1000 /, 15-20%, ~350 /. : , , . ISPs, , DSL dial-up. 2000 , DSL . 128 / , dial-up. , , , ., dial-up-. , , . - , . , - , . , dial-up, , 150 dial-up , . 1.
1
110 0.1 /c
300 (300 ) (Bell 103 V.21)0.3 /c
1200 (600 ) (Bell 212A V.22)1.2 /c
2400 (600 ) (V.22bis)2.4 /c
2400 (1200 ) (V.26bis)2.4 /c
4800 (1600 ) (V.27ter)4.8 /c
9600 (2400 ) (V.32)9.6 /c
14.4 (2400 ) (V.32bis)14.4 /c
28.8 (3200 ) (V.34)28.8 /c
33.6 (3429 ) (V.34)33.8 /c
56k (8000/3429 ) (V.90)56.0/33.6 /c
Modem 56k (8000/8000 ) (V.92)56.0/48.0 /c
() (V.90/V.42bis)56.0-220.0 /c
() (V.92/V.44)56.0-320.0 /c
- ()100.0-1000.0 /c
56 , .
1.1.2 ISDN (.Integrated Services Digital Network) . . ISDN 64/ (, , .). : .
B- ISDN 64 /. 2 B+ D= 2 64+ 16= 144/. B- D- ISDN : 0 384/, 11 1536 /c 12 1920/c ( ). (1544 2048/) D- 64/. . ISDN TDM (.Time Division Multiplexing, ). , ( ). , . CALL , .
ISDN , (. 2). 2
A , 4.
B64 / 1 (1 )
C8/16 /
D16/64 / ( )
E64 / ISDN
H0384 /
H101472 /
H111536 /
H121920 /
B D.1.1.3 (xDSL) , , , . DSL . DSL. DSL Digital Subscriber Line ( ). DSL , , . . DSL 32/ 50/. , . DSL. , , . . . ( ) , . , , . ; , , 56/. DSL , , . , , . DSL , .
DSL .
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ). , , . , . ADSL 1,5/ 8/ 640/ 1,5/. ADSL 1,54/ 5,5 . 6 8/ 3,5 0,5.
R-ADSL (Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line ). R-ADSL , ADSL, . R-ADSL . , , .
G.Lite (ADSL.Lite) ADSL, 1,5/ 512/ 256/ .
IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line IDSN). IDSL 144/. ADSL IDSL . , IDSL, ISDN, 2B1Q, . ISDN IDSL , . IDSL ( , DSL), ISDN .
HDSL (High Bit-Rate Digital Subscriber Line ). HDSL , . (1,544/ 2,048 / ) HDSL T1/E1 ( 1 1,544/, 1 2,048/). , HDSL ( 3,5 4,5), , ADSL, , , HDSL . HDSL2 HDSL. , HDSL, .
SDSL (Single Line Digital Subscriber Line ). , HDSL, SDSL , 1/1, SDSL . -, , -, 3. SDSL , , , . SDSL HDSL2.
VDSL (Very High Bit-Rate Digital Subscriber Line ). VDSL xDSL. 1352 /, 1,52,3 /, . 26/. VDSL - . 300 1300 . , , - (, , ). VDSL , ADSL; , (HDTV), ..
DSL, , , , . .
xDSL :
2B1Q: Two-binary, one-quaternary, IDSL HDSL
CAP: Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation - HDSL
DMT: Discrete multitone modulation, , OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) xDSL , DSP ( ) DSLAM.
xDSL 3. 3 DSL
(/)
ADSL24 / / 3,5 /5,5 1 , , , HDTV (ADSL2+)
IDSL144 /5,5 1
HDSL2 /4,5 1,2,3 , E1
SDSL2 /3 1 , E1
VDSL65 / / 35 /1,5 max. 1 , HDTV
SHDSL2,32 /7,5 1
UADSL1,5 / / 384 /3,5 max. 1 , ,
1.2 -
1.2.1 FTTx FTTx , ( "") , ( , ). , FTTx . . FTTx .
FTTx . , , , (2) - . , Ethernet . FTTx : FTTN (Fiber to the Node) ,
FTTC (Fiber to the Curb) , ,
FTTB (Fiber to the Building) ,
FTTH (Fiber to the Home) ( ).
, (. 1, 2).
1 FTTx
2 FTTx FTTN , . : , , .
FTTC FTTN, . FTTC , , , , , , , .
FTTC , xDSL PON, : , . Ethernet-. , .
, FTTx. , , FTTH. , FTTB. FTTB , FTTx Ethernet (F) . , FTTx FTTC FTTB , FTTB , . FTTB , FTTH . FTTC/FTTB, . FTTB - . , . , .
, , FTTB HFC , , . FTTH ( ) , ( ) . () (.. ) , STB (Set-Top-Box). , FTTH FTTB , , FTT. FTTH (FTTC FTTB). FTTH Motorola. . , , , 100 / 2013-2015 ., . , . Alcatel-Lucent FTTH:
FTTx ;
;
FTTH 20 ;
( ), .1.2.2 PON
PON , () . PON .
PON (Triple Play) . PON:- EPON, GEPON, Ethernet PON; - BPON (Broadband) PON ATM- GPON PON GFP ( GEPON!).
, , .
PON , - OLT (optical line terminal) ONT (optical network terminal) , . () , . OLT ONT. ONT, OLT, , .
3 PON , , ( ). (downstream) 1490 1550 . (upstream) 1310 (TDMA).
PON , . - - ( -), . - PON 32 20 EPON / BPON 128 60 GPON. . , .
PON ATM, SDH (STM-1), Gigabit Ethernet . 10/100Base-TX, FXS (2, 4, 8 16 ), E1, , ATM (E3, DS3, STM-1c). 4. 4APONBPONEPON (GEPON)GPON
G.983ITU G.983 IEEE 802.3ahITU G.984.6
155 /622 /1,244 /2,488 /
155 /155 /1,244 /1,244 /
3232128
, 202060
PON26 22
PON
. 128 , 60
2,488 / 1,244 /
. , .
. .
,
. ATM , .
ATM
1.3 (CATV) ( ), .
, (), , . (2-4). , . , ( 300 ) . , .
. : , - , , , SNMP- Ethernet. , , . . (downstream) (6 ), ( 42 750 ).
4 -
. , - QPSK( 10 /) QAM64 ( 36 /). (upstream) . , (Upstream) 5 40 . , . , . QPSK , , . QPSK - , QAM. , ( - ), ISDN.
1.4
Huawei TechnologiesHuawei Technologies - , 45 50 , . Huawei (HSDPA/WCDMA/EDGE/ GPRS/GSM, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO/CDMA2000 1X, TD-SCDMA, WiMAX), ( IMS, Mobile Softswitch, NGN ), (FTTx, xDSL, , , LAN), (IN, , BOSS) (UMTS/CDMA). ASIC .
Huawei 110 000 , 46% (). (, , , , ), Huawei (), (), () ().Huawei . , ADI, Agere, Altera, HP, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Oracle, SUN, TI Xilinx, .
Siemens, , , TD-SCDMA, . Motorola, - UMTS , UMTS HSPA.
"- "" 1988 . , . , , "System on Chip" (" ").
, , , , , - . Linux. ("", "", "", "" ), ( , , , ..). , . ( ). , .
: , , .
;
. QTECHQTECH , : xDSL, MetroEthernet, PON, Wi-Fi; 3G, PDH/SDH, . , , .
:
- Ethernet (QSW-2700-28 (-52), QSW-3000)
- GPON (QONT-2000)
- TDM (QBM-7400 )
- VoIP (QVI-1104 / )
- ( )
- PK - , - .
:
-
-
-
- VoIP - PON- DWDM/CWDM
/ Cronyx Telecom - 100 , , . , . . , , ; ; .
CRONYX 6 .
.
, , , ( ), , ()
: , , , , 1, 2, 3.
Zelax
Zelax . 1988 Zelax , .
, - Zelax . : , , , DSL-, TDMoP . Zelax , , , , , , , , .
Zelax , Zelax 9001-2001 (ISO 9001-2000).
. 9001-2008 (ISO 9001:2008). , , :
: xDSL (DSLAM + CPE)
TDM ( )
(DLC)
Ethernet 10/100/1000
:
(SHDSL)
(MEGATRANS)
(SDH STM-1/16/64, PDH
(SDH PDH)
WiMAX (Nateks-Multilink 3/W/L/M)
,
, -
-
2
: RPS-2. RPS 2 (, , ), . , , , , .
, , , RPS - 2 , , , .RPS-2 :
; ;
; , , ; , ; ; - .
5. 5
GSM
( , )1E8212
N5511
2E8316
N5446
, , .10
, , .2
, , 30
, , 38
, -100
, 33
, -105
/ :
,
PdBm /, P , P , 1 . , , 5.
5
8 , , 6. 6
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E82-19-36.5482-23-25.2582-46-31.7682-19-7.9582-45-20.2983-6-32.4683-7-34.4082-43-45.00
N55-5-48.0754-50-16.9055-0-7.2654-58-33.3455-7-54.1955-8-55.9154-53-48.9054-48-16.14
11111111
OMNIOMNIOMNIOMNIOMNIOMNIOMNIOMNI
, 3030303030303030
6 , 7812551288
, -100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100
6.
6
8 7. -100 5 , .
7
8. 3- () 30 % .
8 8 70% 9.
9 () 10 10 .
10
, , .
, XX , , , . , . , , , . , () . : , , - . (dial-up, xDSL) , - (FTTx, PON). , . .
FTTx : .
1. - , .. , , 2007 .
2. " "
3. - , .., -, 2011 .
4. ,
: http://ru.wikipedia.org5. , xDSL,
: http://www.xdsl.ru6. , IT-, : http://www.ixbt.com7. : , : http://www.skomplekt.com -, : http://www.konturm.ru , : http://www.muvicom.ru QTECH, : http://www.qtech.ru , : http://www.rotek.ru , : http://www.cronyx.ru , : http://www.zelax.ru/ , : http://www.nateks.ru
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