Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 1 (2009) p: 58-67

TEKNOLOGI REHABILITASI LAHAN GAMBUT BONGKORUNTUK BUDIDAYA PADI

Agus Supriyol dan Eni Maftu'ah2

Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Kalimantan Selatan. JI. Panglima Batur No 4, Banjarbaru.Kontak email: agssupriyo@yahoo.com

Balai Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa, Banjarbaru

Abstract

The utilization of of peat land for agriculture through reclamation (land opened by drainagecannals construction). Tidalswamps were reclaimed in?5 years (1968 until 1993) predicted about 1.2million hectares by goverment and about 3.0 millions hectare by community self. Area had reclaimedabout 0.80 million hectares was peat lands. The reality showed that after five years more a part ofthese land became sleeping land (bongkor). Theprediction of peat land areilSin Ex Mega Rice Project(MRP) mainly in block C area such as Pulang Pisau and a part of Kapuas district areas CentralKalimantanprovincy, a part of Barito Kuala areas, 50uth Kalimantanprovincy, Ogan Kering Ilir andBanyuasin districts of South Sumatera provincy as sleeping land areas. Sleeping peaat lands area weredecreased of land quality include low acidity, hidrophobics condition so that a rise ''irreversibledryingas resulted overdrained.

Rehabilitationof peat land were employed by approach (a) flooding or usage of tide water asflusshing, (b) soil amendment by ameliorant matterial and combination the usage of water single tidemaintained in the plot for a day and drained in the low with ameliorant applied. .

The interaction between the usage of the single tide maintained in the plot for a day anddrained in the low tide (Ll) and ameliorant + fertilizer (A1) levels equivalent (4.800 dolomite + 5.860farm manure +119 urea +119 SP36 + 79,5 KC/) kg.ha-1on saprictpeat increased to lechate water-pHand decreased to disolved acidity, (b) The treatment Lo resulted in rice yield of 3.600 tha-1 harvest-dry seed on the cultivation of IR 66 or 19.50 % higher than the yield of the Martapura(3.020 tha-1)The treatment A1 resulted 4.360 tha-1 in the RS and 2.670 tha-1 in the OS on the cultivationof IR66.

Keywords: Rehabilitation, Sleeping land (peat), Rice

Pendahuluan

Pemanfaatan pertanian di lahan gambutsecara bijaksana (wise use) meliputi aspekperencanaan tata ruang harus sesuai denganperuntukan (daerah gambut pedalaman atau\\dome' sebagai areal konservasi, daerahtengahan diperuntukan bagi tanaman tahunandan daerah tepi (1 - 1,5km) dari sungaiuntukbudidaya tanaman pangan terutama padi),dari aspek lingkungan perlu memperhatikankondisi biofisik dan sosial ekonomi dan budayamasyarakat.

Terdesaknya fungsi pemanfaatan lahanpertanian potensial di pulau Jawa akibat lajupembangunan, menyebabkan penyediaanpangan pada masa mendatang tidak dapat lagibertumpu di pulau Jawa yang selama inimemasok 60% kebutuhan pangan nasional.Langkah strategis yang perlu dilakukan adalahmemberikan perhatian yang lebih besar

terhadap pemanfaatan lahan-Iahan marginal.yang ada di luar pulau Jawa, danmengendalikan secara ketat laju alih fungsilahan pertanian di pulau Jawa.

Salah satu lahan' marginal der:1gan',' .

potensi luas yang besar adalah lahan gambut.Widjaja-Adhi et al. (1992) menginformasikanbahwa luas lahan gambut di Indonesiamencapai 20,9 juta hektar, sedangkanNotohadiprawiro (1996) melaporkanluaslahangambut Indoensia sekitar 17 juta hektar, danPuslittanak (2000) menyatakan bahwa lahangambut di Indonesia hanya 14,5 juta hektar.

Lahan gambut berperan penting bagikesejahteraan manusia (sebagai penghasil,hasil hutan non kayu, \\carbon-sinK', sebagaipenahan banjir, pemasok air, berbagai prosesbiokimi~ yang berhubungan dengan air,mengandung plasma nutfah yang bermanfaat(sumber karbohidrat, protein, minyak dan

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dd, Mg-dd penurunan kemasamantertukar (H-dd + AL-dd), danmeningkatkan hasil padi IR 66 lebihtinggi dibanding padi var. Martapura.

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