telecommunication
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8.1 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
c h a p t e r
88TELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND NETWORKSAND NETWORKS
8.2 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS
• COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS• TERMINALS:TERMINALS: Input / output devices Input / output devices• COMMUNICATIONS CHANNELSCOMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS• PROCESSORS:PROCESSORS: Modems, multiplexers, Modems, multiplexers,
front-end processorsfront-end processors• COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATIONS
SOFTWARESOFTWARE
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8.3 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
ANALOG SIGNALANALOG SIGNAL
• CONTINUOUS WAVEFORMCONTINUOUS WAVEFORM
• PASSES THRU SYSTEMPASSES THRU SYSTEM
• VOICE COMMUNICATIONSVOICE COMMUNICATIONS
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© 2002 by Prentice Hall
8.4 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
DIGITAL SIGNALDIGITAL SIGNAL• DISCRETE WAVEFORMDISCRETE WAVEFORM• TWO DISCRETE STATES:TWO DISCRETE STATES:
– 1-BIT & 0-BIT– ON / OFF PULSE
• DATA COMMUNICATIONDATA COMMUNICATION• USES MODEM TO TRANSLATE ANALOG USES MODEM TO TRANSLATE ANALOG
TO DIGITAL, DIGITAL TO ANALOGTO DIGITAL, DIGITAL TO ANALOG
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0010111010011101001010101110111100100010000101111010110100111010010010110010101101100
8.5 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
COMMUNICATION CHANNELSCOMMUNICATION CHANNELS
MEANS BY WHICH DATA ARE MEANS BY WHICH DATA ARE TRANSMITTED:TRANSMITTED:
• TWISTED WIRES:TWISTED WIRES: Copper WiresCopper Wires
• COAXIAL CABLE:COAXIAL CABLE: Insulated Copper Insulated Copper WiresWires
• FIBER-OPTIC CABLEFIBER-OPTIC CABLE
• MICROWAVEMICROWAVE
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© 2002 by Prentice Hall
8.6 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
• SUPER CLEAR GLASS STRANDSSUPER CLEAR GLASS STRANDS• FAST, LIGHT, DURABLEFAST, LIGHT, DURABLE• TRILLIONS OF BITS PER SECOND, FULL TRILLIONS OF BITS PER SECOND, FULL
DUPLEXDUPLEX• EXPENSIVE, HARDER TO INSTALLEXPENSIVE, HARDER TO INSTALL• OFTEN USED AS BACKBONE OF OFTEN USED AS BACKBONE OF
NETWORKSNETWORKS
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FIBER OPTICSFIBER OPTICS
SIGNALSIGNAL LASERLASER CABLECABLE PHOTOPHOTODETECTORDETECTOR SIGNALSIGNAL
8.7 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
• BACKBONE:BACKBONE: Fiber optics cable carries Fiber optics cable carries light signals to distribution nodes, which light signals to distribution nodes, which use copper wires to useruse copper wires to user
• DENSE WAVE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING DENSE WAVE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (DWDM):(DWDM): Next-generation, uses many Next-generation, uses many colors, (up to 160) each a channel, colors, (up to 160) each a channel, increases capacity of a fiber to 6.4 terabits increases capacity of a fiber to 6.4 terabits per secondper second
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FIBER OPTICSFIBER OPTICS
8.8 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES
• PAGERS:PAGERS: Small pager beeps when Small pager beeps when receives short messagereceives short message
• CELLULAR TELEPHONE:CELLULAR TELEPHONE: Device uses Device uses radio waves to reach antennas within radio waves to reach antennas within areas called cellsareas called cells
• MOBILE DATA NETWORKS:MOBILE DATA NETWORKS: Radio - Radio - based data network using hand-held based data network using hand-held computers, cheap, efficientcomputers, cheap, efficient
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8.9 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIESTECHNOLOGIES
• PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE:PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE: Cellular; lower power; higher frequency. Cellular; lower power; higher frequency. Smaller phones not shielded by buildings, Smaller phones not shielded by buildings, tunnelstunnels
• PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT:PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT: Pen sized, hand-held, digital communicatorPen sized, hand-held, digital communicator
• SMART PHONE:SMART PHONE: Wireless, voice, text, Wireless, voice, text, InternetInternet
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8.10 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
ORBITING SATELLITESORBITING SATELLITES
UPLINKUPLINK
MICROWAVE MICROWAVE TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION
DOWNLINKDOWNLINK
8.11 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
NETWORK TOPOLOGIESNETWORK TOPOLOGIES
HOSTHOST
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER USERUSER
STAR
8.12 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
NETWORK TOPOLOGIESNETWORK TOPOLOGIES
BUS
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
8.13 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
NETWORK TOPOLOGIESNETWORK TOPOLOGIES
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
RING
8.14 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
LOCAL LOCAL NETWORKSNETWORKS
• PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX):PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX): firm’s central switching systemfirm’s central switching system
• LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN):LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): dedicated dedicated channels; limited distance (less than 2000 channels; limited distance (less than 2000 foot radius); higher capacity than PBX. foot radius); higher capacity than PBX. Can share expensive hardware & softwareCan share expensive hardware & software
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8.15 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
LOCAL LOCAL AREAAREA NETWORK (LAN) NETWORK (LAN)
• GATEWAY:GATEWAY: Connection to other networksConnection to other networks
• ROUTER:ROUTER: Forwards data to other networks Forwards data to other networks
• NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS):NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS): Manages file server; routes communications Manages file server; routes communications on networkon network
• PEER - TO - PEER:PEER - TO - PEER: In some small networks all In some small networks all computers have equal powercomputers have equal power
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8.16 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
Network spans large geographic distances. Network spans large geographic distances. Can include cable, satellite, microwaveCan include cable, satellite, microwave
• SWITCHED LINES:SWITCHED LINES: Route determined Route determined by by current trafficcurrent traffic
• DEDICATED LINES:DEDICATED LINES: Constantly available Constantly available for high-volume trafficfor high-volume traffic
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WIDE - AREA NETWORK (WAN)WIDE - AREA NETWORK (WAN)
8.17 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
E-COMMERCE & E-COMMERCE & E-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIESE-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES
• ELECTRONIC MAIL (e-mail)ELECTRONIC MAIL (e-mail)• GROUPWAREGROUPWARE• VOICE MAILVOICE MAIL• FACSIMILE MACHINES (fax)FACSIMILE MACHINES (fax)• TELECONFERENCINGTELECONFERENCING• DATACONFERENCINGDATACONFERENCING• VIDEOCONFERENCINGVIDEOCONFERENCING
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8.18 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
E-COMMERCE & E-COMMERCE & E-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIESE-BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES
• DIGITAL INFORMATION SERVICES:DIGITAL INFORMATION SERVICES: Commercial service provides desired mixCommercial service provides desired mix
• DISTANCE LEARNING:DISTANCE LEARNING: Education, training Education, training delivered over a distance, can include delivered over a distance, can include printed material, printed material, teleconferencing, interactive teleconferencing, interactive multimedia, Web sitesmultimedia, Web sites
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8.19 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)(EDI)
COMPUTER - TO - COMPUTERCOMPUTER - TO - COMPUTER
EXCHANGE BETWEEN TWO EXCHANGE BETWEEN TWO ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS
OF STANDARD BUSINESS OF STANDARD BUSINESS TRANSACTION DOCUMENTSTRANSACTION DOCUMENTS
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COMPUTER COMPUTER
SELLER CUSTOMER
ORDERS, PAYMENTS
SHIPPING NOTICES, PRICE
UPDATES, INVOICES
8.20 © 2002 by Prentice Hall
T H A N K Y O U !!!
Report by: Lea Lynn D. Halos BSIE-COMED 3F
“To effectively communicate, we must realize that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others.”