Telescopium

For the snail, see Telescopium telescopium.

Telescopium is a minor constellation in the southerncelestial hemisphere, one of twelve named in the 18thcentury by French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacailleand one of several depicting scientific instruments. Itsname is a Latinized form of the Greek word for telescope.Telescopium was later much reduced in size by FrancisBaily and Benjamin Gould.The brightest star in the constellation is Alpha Telescopii,a blue-white subgiant with an apparent magnitude of 3.5,followed by the orange giant star Zeta Telescopii at mag-nitude 4.1. Eta and PZ Telescopii are two young starsystems with debris disks and brown dwarf companions.Telescopium hosts two unusual stars with very little hy-drogen that are likely to be the result of two mergedwhite dwarfs: PV Telescopii, also known as HD 168476,is a hot blue extreme helium star, while RS Telescopiiis an R Coronae Borealis variable. RR Telescopii is acataclysmic variable that brightened as a nova to magni-tude 6 in 1948.

1 History

Seen in the 1824 star chart set Urania’sMirror (in the lower right)

Telescopium was introduced in 1751–52 by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille with the French name le Telescope,[1]depicting an aerial telescope,[2] after he had observed andcatalogued 10,000 southern stars during a two-year stayat the Cape of Good Hope. He devised 14 new con-stellations in uncharted regions of the Southern Celes-tial Hemisphere not visible from Europe. All but onehonored instruments that symbolised the Age of Enlight-

enment.[3] Covering 40 degrees of the night sky,[2] thetelescope stretched out northwards between Sagittariusand Scorpius.[4] Lacaille had Latinised its name to Tele-scopium by 1763.[1]

The constellation was known by other names. It wascalled Tubus Astronomicus in the eighteenth century,during which time three constellations depicting tele-scopes were recognised—Tubus Herschelii Major be-tween Gemini and Auriga and Tubus Herschelii Minorbetween Taurus and Orion, both of which had fallen outof use by the nineteenth century.[5] Johann Bode calledit the Astronomische Fernrohr in his 1805 Gestirne andkept its size, but later astronomers Francis Baily andBenjamin Gould subsequently shrank its boundaries.[6]Themuch-reduced constellation lost several brighter starsto neighbouring constellations: Beta Telescopii becameEta Sagittarii, which it had been before Lacaille placed itin Telescopium,[7] Gammawas placed in Scorpius and re-named G Scorpii by Gould,[7] Theta Telescopii revertedto its old appellation of d Ophiuchi,[7] and Sigma Tele-scopii was placed in Corona Australis. Initially uncat-alogued, the latter is now known as HR 6875.[7] Theoriginal object Lacaille had named Eta Telescopii—theopen clusterMessier 7—was in what is now Scorpius, andGould used the Bayer designation for a magnitude 5 star,which he felt warranted a letter.[7]

2 Characteristics

A small constellation, Telescopium is bordered bySagittarius and Corona Australis to the north, Ara tothe west, Pavo to the south, and Indus to the east, cor-nering on Microscopium to the northeast. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted bythe International Astronomical Union in 1922, is 'Tel'.[8]The official constellation boundaries, as set by EugèneDelporte in 1930, are defined by a quadrilateral (illus-trated in infobox). In the equatorial coordinate system,the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie be-tween 18h 09.1m and 20h 29.5m, while the declinationcoordinates are between −45.09° and −56.98°.[9] Thewhole constellation is visible to observers south of lati-tude 33°N.[10][lower-alpha 1]

3 Notable features

1

2 3 NOTABLE FEATURES

3.1 Stars

See also: List of stars in Telescopium

Within the constellation’s borders, there are 57stars brighter than or equal to apparent magnitude6.5.[lower-alpha 2][10] With a magnitude of 3.5, AlphaTelescopii is the brightest star in the constellation. It isa blue-white subgiant of spectral type B3IV which liesaround 250 light-years away.[12] It is radiating nearly800 times the Sun’s luminosity, and is estimated tobe 5.2±0.4 times as massive and have 3.3±0.5 timesthe Sun’s radius.[13] Close by Alpha Telescopii are thetwo blue-white stars sharing the designation of DeltaTelescopii. Delta¹ Telescopii is of spectral type B6IVand apparent magnitude 4.9,[14] while Delta² Telescopiiis of spectral type B3III and magnitude 5.1.[15] Theyform an optical double,[16] as the stars are estimated tobe around 710 and 1190 light-years away respectively.[17]The faint (magnitude 12.23) Gliese 754, a red dwarf ofspectral type M4.5V, is one of the nearest 100 stars toEarth at 19.3 light-years distant.[18] Its eccentric orbitaround the Galaxy indicates that it may have originatedin the Milky Way’s thick disk.[19]

At least four of the fifteen stars visible to the unaidedeye are orange giants of spectral class K.[20] The secondbrightest star in the constellation—at apparent magnitude4.1—is Zeta Telescopii, an orange subgiant of spectraltype K1III-IV.[21] Around 1.53 times as massive as theSun, it shines with 512 times its luminosity.[22] Located127 light years away from Earth, it has been describedas yellow[16] or reddish in appearance.[23] Epsilon Tele-scopii is a binary star system:[24] the brighter compo-nent, Epsilon Telescopii A, is an orange giant of spec-tral type K0III with an apparent magnitude of +4.52,[25]while the 13th magnitude companion, Epsilon TelescopiiB, is 21 arcseconds away from the primary, and just vis-ible with a 15 cm aperture telescope on a dark night.[24]The system is 417 light-years away.[26] Iota Telescopiiand HD 169405—magnitude 5 orange giants of spectraltypes K0III and K0.5III respectively[27][28]—make up thequartet.[20] They are around 370 and 497 light-years awayfrom the Sun respectively.[26] Another ageing star, KappaTelescopii is a yellow giant with a spectral type G9III andapparent magnitude of 5.18.[29] Around 1.87 billion yearsold, this star of around 1.6 solar masses has swollen to11 times the Sun’s diameter.[30] It is approximately 293light-years from Earth, and is another optical double.[24]

Xi Telescopii is an irregular variable star that ranges be-tween magnitudes 4.89 and 4.94.[31] Located 1079 light-years distant, it is a red giant of spectral type M2IIIthat has a diameter around 5.6 times the Sun’s,[32] anda luminosity around 2973 times that of the Sun.[26] An-other irregular variable, RX Telescopii is a red super-giant that varies between magnitudes 6.45 and 7.47,[33]just visible to the unaided eye under good viewing condi-tions. BL Telescopii is an Algol-like eclipsing binary sys-

tem that varies between apparent magnitudes 7.09 and9.08 over a period of just over 778 days (2 years 48days).[34] The primary is a yellow supergiant that is itselfintrinsically variable.[35] Dipping from its baseline mag-nitude of 9.6 to 16.5,[36] RS Telescopii is a rare R Coro-nae Borealis variable—an extremely hydrogen-deficientsupergiant thought to have arisen as the result of themerger of two white dwarfs; fewer than 100 have beendiscovered as of 2012.[37] The dimming is thought to becaused by carbon dust expelled by the star. As of 2012,four dimmings have been observed.[37] PV Telescopii is aclass B-type (blue) extreme helium star that is the proto-type of a class of variables known as PV Telescopii vari-ables. First discovered in 1952, it was found to have avery low level of hydrogen. One theory of its origin isthat it is the result of a merger between a helium- and acarbon-oxygen white dwarf. If the combined mass doesnot exceed the Chandrasekhar limit, the former will ac-crete onto the latter star and ignite to form a supergiant.Later this will become an extreme helium star beforecooling to become a white dwarf.[38]

While RR Telescopii, also designated Nova Telescopii1948, is often called a slow nova, it is now classified asa symbiotic nova system composed of an M5III pulsat-ing red giant and a white dwarf; between 1944 and 1948it brightened by about 7 magnitudes before being no-ticed at apparent magnitude 6.0 in mid-1948.[39] It hassince faded slowly to about apparent magnitude 12.[40]QS Telescopii is a binary system composed of a whitedwarf and main sequence donor star, in this case the twoare close enough to be tidally locked, facing one another.Known as polars, material from the donor star does notform an accretion disk around the white dwarf, but ratherstreams directly onto it.[41] This is due to the presence ofthe white dwarf’s strong magnetic field.[42]

The globular cluster NGC 6584, as observed with the HubbleSpace Telescope

Although no star systems in Telescopium have confirmed

3

planets, several have been found to have brown dwarfcompanions. A member of the 12-million-year-old BetaPictoris moving group of stars that share a commonpropermotion through space,[43] Eta Telescopii is a youngwhite main sequence star of magnitude 5.0 and spectraltype A0V.[44] It has a debris disk and brown dwarf com-panion of spectral type M7V or M8V that is between 20and 50 times as massive as Jupiter.[43] The system is com-plex, as it has a common proper motion with (and is grav-itationally bound to) the star HD 181327, which has itsown debris disk.[45] This latter star is a yellow-white mainsequence star of spectral type F6V of magnitude 7.0.[46]PZ Telescopii is another young star with a debris disk andsubstellar brown dwarf companion, though at 24 millionyears of age appears too old to be part of the Beta Pictorismoving group.[47] HD191760 is a yellow subgiant—a starthat is cooling and expanding off the main sequence—ofspectral type G3IV/V. Estimated to be just over four bil-lion years old, it is slightly (1.1 to 1.3 times) moremassiveas the Sun, 2.69 times as luminous, and has around 1.62times its radius. Using the High Accuracy Radial Veloc-ity Planet Searcher (HARPS) instrument on the ESO 3.6m Telescope, it was found to have a brown dwarf around38 times as massive as Jupiter orbiting at an average dis-tance of 1.35 AU with a period of 505 days. This is anunusually close distance from the star, within a range thathas been termed the brown-dwarf desert.[48]

3.2 Deep sky objects

The interacting galaxy system NGC 6845, as observed withGALEX

The globular cluster NGC 6584 lies near Theta Araeand is 45,000 light-years distant from Earth.[23] It is anOosterhoff type I cluster, and contains at least 69 vari-able stars, most of which are RR Lyrae variables.[49] Theplanetary nebula IC 4699 is of 13th magnitude and liesmidway between Alpha and Epsilon Telescopii.[23]

IC 4889 is an elliptical galaxy of apparent magnitude11.3, which can be found 2 degrees north-north-west of5.3-magnitude Nu Telescopii. Observing it through a 40cm telescope will reveal its central region and halo.[50]The Telescopium group is group of twelve galaxies span-ning three degrees in the northeastern part of the constel-lation, lying around 37 megaparsecs (120 million light-years) from our own galaxy.[23] The brightest member isthe elliptical galaxy NGC 6868,[51] and to the west liesthe spiral galaxy (or, perhaps, lenticular galaxy) NGC6861.[23] These are the brightest members of two respec-tive subgroups within the galaxy group, and are head-ing toward a merger in the future.[51] Occupying an areaof around 4' × 2', NGC 6845 is an interacting systemof four galaxies—two spiral and two lenticular galax-ies—that is estimated to be around 88 megaparsecs (287million light-years) distant.[52] SN 2008da was a type IIsupernova observed in one of the spiral galaxies, NGC6845A, in June 2008.[53] SN 1998bw was a luminous su-pernova observed in the spiral arm of the galaxy ESO184-G82 in April 1998, and is notable in that it is highlylikely to be the source of the gamma-ray burst GRB980425.[lower-alpha 3] [54]

4 See also• Telescopium Herschelii

5 Notes[1] While parts of the constellation technically rise above the

horizon to observers between 33°N and 44°N, stars withina few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposesunobservable.[10]

[2] Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible tothe unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night skies.[11]

[3] chances of signals being unrelated is around 1 in10,000.[54]

6 ReferencesCitations

[1] Ridpath, Star Tales Lacaille.

[2] Wagman 2003, p. 299.

[3] Wagman 2003, pp. 6–7.

[4] Ridpath, Star Tales Telescopium.

[5] Ellis 1997.

[6] Allen 1963, p. 414.

[7] Wagman 2003, p. 300.

4 6 REFERENCES

[8] Russell 1922, p. 469.

[9] IAU, The Constellations, Telescopium.

[10] Ridpath, Constellations: Lacerta–Vulpecula.

[11] The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale.

[12] Kaler, Alpha Telescopii.

[13] Hubrig 2009.

[14] SIMBAD HR 6934.

[15] SIMBAD HR 6938.

[16] Ridpath & Tirion 2007, pp. 242–43.

[17] van Leeuwen 2007.

[18] SIMBAD LHS 60.

[19] Innanen 2010.

[20] Bagnall 2012, pp. 434–35.

[21] Gray et al. 2006.

[22] Liu et al. 2007.

[23] Streicher 2009, pp. 168–71.

[24] Ferreira 2009, pp. 166–67.

[25] SIMBAD Epsilon Telescopii.

[26] McDonald et al. 2012.

[27] SIMBAD Iota Telescopii.

[28] SIMBAD HD 169405.

[29] SIMBAD Kappa Telescopii.

[30] da Silva et al. 2006.

[31] AAVSO NSV 12783.

[32] Pasinetti Fracassini et al. 2001.

[33] AAVSO RX Telescopii.

[34] AAVSO BL Telescopii.

[35] Zsoldos 1994.

[36] AAVSO RS Telescopii.

[37] Tisserand 2012.

[38] Pandey 2006.

[39] Robinson 1975.

[40] Light Curve Generator.

[41] Gerke 2006.

[42] Traulsen 2011.

[43] Smith 2009.

[44] SIMBAD Eta Telescopii.

[45] Neuhäuser 2011.

[46] SIMBAD HD 181327.

[47] Jenkins 2012.

[48] Jenkins 2009.

[49] Toddy et al. 2012, pp. 63–71.

[50] Bakich 2010, p. 277.

[51] Machacek et al. 2010, pp. 1316–32.

[52] Gordon 2003.

[53] Morrell 2008.

[54] galama 1998.

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• “HD 181327”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database.Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg.Retrieved 2 July 2014.

7

• “HR 6934”. SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Cen-tre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Re-trieved 29 September 2012.

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Coordinates: 19h 00m 00s, −50° 00′ 00″

8 7 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

7 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

7.1 Text• Telescopium Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopium?oldid=688101614 Contributors: Zundark, Ortolan88, Ellywa, Ahoerste-meier, Bronger, AugPi, John K, Robbot, Rursus, Modeha, Jyril, Curps, Zaphod Beeblebrox, Cam, Phe, Icairns, B.d.mills, EugeneZe-lenko, Rich Farmbrough, RJHall, Kwamikagami, Lerdsuwa, Adrian.benko, -Ril-, Graham87, Ketiltrout, Mike Peel, FlaBot, Ground Zero,Mishuletz, Margosbot~enwiki, ChongDae, Chobot, Bgwhite, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, Wavelength, NPPyzixBlan, RussBot, Hede2000,Sir48, Gadget850, Bota47, Lt-wiki-bot, Tsiaojian lee, Argo Navis, GrinBot~enwiki, SmackBot, Ian Rose, Gilliam, Bluebot, Bazonka,DHN-bot~enwiki, Colonies Chris, Snowmanradio, HopelessAddict, Fuhghettaboutit, Thor Dockweiler, NongBot~enwiki, Serpentinite,MTSbot~enwiki, Bay Flam, Poolkris, Daggerstab, WeggeBot, Verdi1, Cydebot, Alaibot, Casliber, Thijs!bot, Vertium, Tham153, JEH,Deflective, .anacondabot, BSVulturis, JaGa, Xtifr, Skeptic2, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, SieBot, PlanetStar, Keilana, JetLover, Adam Cuer-den, ChandlerMapBot, Alexbot, Tezero, Addbot, Lightbot, Legobot, Yobot, TaBOT-zerem, Xabier Cancela, AnomieBOT, JackieBot,Citation bot, ArthurBot, Xqbot, Arsia Mons, GrouchoBot, RibotBOT, Telescopi, Trappist the monk, Dinamik-bot, Diannaa, EmausBot,Chermundy, StringTheory11, Δ, GermanJoe, ClueBot NG, Rtucker913, Gilderien, Helpful Pixie Bot, Bibcode Bot, BG19bot, MohamedCJ, BattyBot, Mrt3366, The User 567, Dexbot, Nerlost, Praemonitus, Daveowhite, TFA Protector Bot, NottNott, Eykeman, AdamKarlson,Monkbot, Signedzzz, FACBot, Lirazelf, Kevt2002, CAPTAIN RAJU, Gxdhdxfhsdfh and Anonymous: 33

7.2 Images• File:Celestia.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Celestia.png License: GPL Contributors: ? Originalartist: ?

• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Originalartist: ?

• File:NGC_6584.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/NGC_6584.jpg License: Public domain Contribu-tors: Dataset, Hubble proposal Original artist: NASA/Hubble

• File:NGC_6845GALEX.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/NGC_6845GALEX.jpg License: Publicdomain Contributors: cropped from http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2006-02r_img01.html Original artist: NASA/JPL-Caltech

• File:Sidney_Hall_-_Urania’{}s_Mirror_-_Sagittarius_and_Corona_Australis,_Microscopium,_and_Telescopium.jpg Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Sidney_Hall_-_Urania%27s_Mirror_-_Sagittarius_and_Corona_Australis%2C_Microscopium%2C_and_Telescopium.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: This image is available from the United States Library ofCongress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3g10070.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.Original artist: Sidney Hall

• File:Telescopium_IAU.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Telescopium_IAU.svg License: CC BY 3.0Contributors: [1] Original artist: IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg)

7.3 Content license• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0