telling your story through video telling your story through video
TRANSCRIPT
Telling Your Story Through VideoTelling Your Story Through Video
Goals of Today’s Session:Goals of Today’s Session:
To examine techniques for recording the best To examine techniques for recording the best video and audio content possible for use in video and audio content possible for use in your productionsyour productions
To examine a basic equipment setupTo examine a basic equipment setup To look at the connections between video To look at the connections between video
production techniques and the core content production techniques and the core content especially in the area of literacyespecially in the area of literacy
The First Rule of Video ProductionThe First Rule of Video ProductionThe First Rule of Video ProductionThe First Rule of Video Production
No matter how good your equipment, No matter how good your equipment, editing, and graphics… editing, and graphics…
Garbage In! Garbage In! Garbage Out! Garbage Out!
It takes quality audio/video to make a good production!It takes quality audio/video to make a good production!
Safety First!Safety First! Use a tripod and make sure it is stableUse a tripod and make sure it is stable Make sure camera is tight on tripodMake sure camera is tight on tripod Watch out for cablesWatch out for cables Don’t point camera at bright light like Don’t point camera at bright light like
the sun for long periods the sun for long periods Don’t try and force tape, cables, Don’t try and force tape, cables,
or attachments into placeor attachments into place
Roles in ProductionRoles in Production Producer – Oversees project,Producer – Oversees project, Guides idea, works with directorGuides idea, works with director Director - Guides actual production (calls the Director - Guides actual production (calls the
shots!)shots!) Assistant Producer/Assistant Director- finds Assistant Producer/Assistant Director- finds
resources, gets copyright okays,resources, gets copyright okays,sets schedules, arrange interviews, locationssets schedules, arrange interviews, locations
Talent - On-camera host, anchor, or actor Talent - On-camera host, anchor, or actor delivers lines, acts in character, follows delivers lines, acts in character, follows director’s cuesdirector’s cues
Roles in ProductionRoles in Production Camera person - Operates camera, tells story Camera person - Operates camera, tells story
visually as guided by directorvisually as guided by director Audio Engineer – Records and manages sound Audio Engineer – Records and manages sound Scriptwriter – writes scripts & storyboardsScriptwriter – writes scripts & storyboards Computer Generated Imaging (CGI) Designer- Computer Generated Imaging (CGI) Designer-
Creates text, still images, and animations for Creates text, still images, and animations for onscreen and web use.onscreen and web use.
Website Designer- Many programs have websites Website Designer- Many programs have websites or are delivered as part of a website.or are delivered as part of a website.
It’s All About the AudienceIt’s All About the AudienceIt’s All About the AudienceIt’s All About the Audience
Producers target specificProducers target specificaudiencesaudiences for various for various productions. productions.
Consider:Consider: Background Background Age/grade levelAge/grade level AbilitiesAbilities Wants / needsWants / needs
What is your purpose? Think PIE!What is your purpose? Think PIE!What is your purpose? Think PIE!What is your purpose? Think PIE!
PersuadePersuade Inform/ teach Inform/ teach Entertain Entertain
Pre-ProductionPre-ProductionPre-ProductionPre-Production Decide on target audience and purposeDecide on target audience and purpose Have all props and materials in placeHave all props and materials in place Write outline/ scripts /storyboardsWrite outline/ scripts /storyboards Plan for graphics and special effectsPlan for graphics and special effects
ProductionProductionProductionProduction Scenes are rehearsed, performed by Scenes are rehearsed, performed by
talent, and recorded.talent, and recorded. Supporting video (B-roll) is also shot to Supporting video (B-roll) is also shot to
“ “cover” audio (the sound) and natural cover” audio (the sound) and natural audio is captured.audio is captured.
Video/audio clips are Video/audio clips are
logged and labeledlogged and labeled
Camera TipsCamera TipsCamera TipsCamera Tips
Use a tripodUse a tripod Place camera so greatest Place camera so greatest
light is at camera person’s backlight is at camera person’s back Use focus and white balance controlsUse focus and white balance controls Practice camera moves (blocking) Practice camera moves (blocking) Frame shots and moves with purposeFrame shots and moves with purpose
How To Frame A ShotHow To Frame A Shot ((Subject Facing Camera)Subject Facing Camera)
How To Frame A ShotHow To Frame A Shot ((Subject Facing Camera)Subject Facing Camera)
Subject can be centered
Headroom
How to Frame A ShotHow to Frame A Shot (Subject looking to one side)(Subject looking to one side)
How to Frame A ShotHow to Frame A Shot (Subject looking to one side)(Subject looking to one side)
HeadroomHeadroom
Give lead or “ talking” Give lead or “ talking” roomroom
How to Frame A ShotHow to Frame A Shot Using the Rule of ThirdsUsing the Rule of Thirds
How to Frame A ShotHow to Frame A Shot Using the Rule of ThirdsUsing the Rule of Thirds
Place most interesting part of subject where lines cross. Notice body Place most interesting part of subject where lines cross. Notice body and eyes lie along these lines instead of picture’s center.and eyes lie along these lines instead of picture’s center.
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1 2 31 2 3
Telling Your Story With ShotsTelling Your Story With ShotsTelling Your Story With ShotsTelling Your Story With Shots
Basic Shots TypesBasic Shots TypesBasic Shots TypesBasic Shots Types
Close-up (CU)Close-up (CU)
Wide Shot (WS)Wide Shot (WS)
Medium Shot (Med)Medium Shot (Med)
Shot Purposes Shot Purposes
Close-up/Extreme CU shots- “tell” what Close-up/Extreme CU shots- “tell” what characters look like, show emotions, characters look like, show emotions, point out detailspoint out details
Medium shots- create comfortable Medium shots- create comfortable “talking” distance; good for interviews“talking” distance; good for interviews
Wide Shots- Show setting or action.Wide Shots- Show setting or action. Point of View (POV) shot lets viewer Point of View (POV) shot lets viewer
“ “see” through a character’s eyessee” through a character’s eyes
Don’t do This! The “witness Protection” shotDon’t do This! The “witness Protection” shot
When shooting don’t place your subject in front of a strong light like a When shooting don’t place your subject in front of a strong light like a window, lamp, mirror, etc. window, lamp, mirror, etc.
Camera Tips (continued)Camera Tips (continued)Camera Tips (continued)Camera Tips (continued)
Vary shotsVary shots Don’t overuse zoom Don’t overuse zoom Be sure to lay down pre and post-rollBe sure to lay down pre and post-roll Correct roll-back (only on tape cameras)Correct roll-back (only on tape cameras)
Using Angles Using Angles Using Angles Using Angles
Bird’s Eye (High angle)Bird’s Eye (High angle) shots make characters or shots make characters or
objects look small or weakobjects look small or weak
Worm’s Eye (low angle) Worm’s Eye (low angle) shots make characters shots make characters look big or stronglook big or strong
ZOOMING!ZOOMING!ZOOMING!ZOOMING!
Zoom – Zooming out or in can be used Zoom – Zooming out or in can be used to “guide” viewer through a scene but to “guide” viewer through a scene but should not be overused to avoid viewer should not be overused to avoid viewer “seasickness”“seasickness”
Viewfinder
Lens Assembly
Auto Zoom Control Switch
Wide
Telephoto
Inset Detail
Auto/Manual Focus Controls
WT
Battery Compartment
Power/ Record Controls
MicrophonePlayback Controls
Diagram of a Typical Camcorder
Common Video Mistakes…..Common Video Mistakes…..Common Video Mistakes…..Common Video Mistakes….. Too much headroom - bad framingToo much headroom - bad framing Subject in front of bright backlightSubject in front of bright backlight Shaky camera - no tripodShaky camera - no tripod No shot variation - wide shotNo shot variation - wide shot Insufficient planning - no scriptInsufficient planning - no script lack of pre and post rolllack of pre and post roll
Audio Track PartsAudio Track PartsAudio Track PartsAudio Track Parts
TalkingTalkingSound effectsSound effectsMusicMusicNatural soundNatural sound
Audio TipsAudio TipsAudio TipsAudio Tips
If possible use headphonesIf possible use headphones to monitor sound to monitor sound
Select microphones based on project needsSelect microphones based on project needs Place microphone right distance from Place microphone right distance from
sourcesource When using built-in microphone move When using built-in microphone move
closer and zoom out closer and zoom out Listen for distracting background noisesListen for distracting background noises
Common Audio Mistakes…..Common Audio Mistakes…..Common Audio Mistakes…..Common Audio Mistakes…..
using only cam mikeusing only cam mike mike too far from sound sourcemike too far from sound source No sound checkNo sound check not monitoring audionot monitoring audioSpeaking too fast or not clearlySpeaking too fast or not clearly
On-Air Tips for TalentOn-Air Tips for TalentOn-Air Tips for TalentOn-Air Tips for Talent Make sure ahead of time that
you can read and properly pronounce words (especially people’s names)
Wait for your cue before speaking
Smile! (when appropriate)
On-Air Tips for TalentOn-Air Tips for TalentOn-Air Tips for TalentOn-Air Tips for Talent When addressing audience, look into
camera when speaking as much as possible.
Hold referred to objects close
to face when possible so it is easy to frame shot “spokesmodel pose”
Speak clearly and slowly enough to be understood, projecting your voice toward the microphone
Planning Your ProductionPlanning Your ProductionPlanning Your ProductionPlanning Your Production
Two main ways of planning are scripts and Two main ways of planning are scripts and storyboardsstoryboards
Scripts take many forms but should have a Scripts take many forms but should have a place for both audio (sound) and video (picture)place for both audio (sound) and video (picture)
Storyboards are really comic strip versions of Storyboards are really comic strip versions of production where shots are drawn with the production where shots are drawn with the audio written as captions underneathaudio written as captions underneath
Script Writing ProcessScript Writing Process Research- Look not only for factual information but also sources Research- Look not only for factual information but also sources
for stills, video segments, audio sources etc. for stills, video segments, audio sources etc.
Content Outline- The framework for the script. which contains all Content Outline- The framework for the script. which contains all the information the script will have. It's easier to edit, cut, or add the information the script will have. It's easier to edit, cut, or add to later. The outline is laid out in the sequence of the script. to later. The outline is laid out in the sequence of the script.
Treatment- written in story format (in commercial world the Treatment- written in story format (in commercial world the treatment is often used to “sell” the production before actual treatment is often used to “sell” the production before actual script is written) script is written)
11st,st, 2 2ndnd, and final draft process, and final draft process
Steps to a News StorySteps to a News Story
1. Research- this tells you whether you actually have a story
2. Focus Statement- Do people in school drink too much soda?
3. Brainstorm B-Roll
4. Shoot
5. Log footage
6A. Option- Re-shoot or shoot additional footage
Steps to a News StorySteps to a News Story6B. Option- Scrap the story (if you don’t
have it by now, there may not be one. This happens!)
7. Write the script for audio and video. This is where the focus statement is proven or disproved and where anchor’s lead is written
8. Edit
9. Enjoy the fruits of your labor!
Taken by permission from Steve Galyon, Henry Co. High School
Script ExampleScript ExampleScript ExampleScript Example VideoVideo
EST. Shot -of school exteriorEST. Shot -of school exterior
Med. Shot- Student host pointing at Med. Shot- Student host pointing at buildingbuildingWS. Shot – Student walks through WS. Shot – Student walks through doordoorMed. 2 shot- Host and school directorMed. 2 shot- Host and school director
CU- Director’s face as he is talkingCU- Director’s face as he is talking
EST. Shot- Scriptwriter’s office with her EST. Shot- Scriptwriter’s office with her at her computerat her computer
AudioAudio
V.O- Welcome to the ACME School of V.O- Welcome to the ACME School of ProductionProduction
Let’s go inside and take a tour!Let’s go inside and take a tour!
Music Music
This is the school’s director, Mr. DoeThis is the school’s director, Mr. DoeWhat are you going to show us What are you going to show us today?today?
Well I thought we would start by talking Well I thought we would start by talking with our scriptwriter, Ms. Smith.with our scriptwriter, Ms. Smith.
Director – Well hello Ms. Smith! We Director – Well hello Ms. Smith! We have a visitor with us, Mr. Hosthave a visitor with us, Mr. Host
Shot AbbreviationsShot AbbreviationsShot AbbreviationsShot Abbreviations
(ECU) Extreme Close-up Shot(ECU) Extreme Close-up Shot (CU) Close-up Shot(CU) Close-up Shot (Med) Medium Shot(Med) Medium Shot (WS) Wide Shot(WS) Wide Shot (POV) Point of View Shot(POV) Point of View Shot (EST) Establishing Shot(EST) Establishing Shot
Sample StoryboardSample Storyboard
The veterinarian will take a blood sample
She will use a special needle to take the sample
She will check the sample under a microscope
Interview TipsInterview TipsInterview TipsInterview Tips
Write a focus sentenceWrite a focus sentenceResearch the subject Research the subject Target your audience correctlyTarget your audience correctlyPrepare a complete list of questionsPrepare a complete list of questionsDescribe the purpose to the subject Describe the purpose to the subject
before the interviewbefore the interview
Interview TipsInterview TipsInterview TipsInterview Tips
Don’t interview the subject without the Don’t interview the subject without the camera before the actual interviewcamera before the actual interview
LISTENLISTENAsk good follow-up questionsAsk good follow-up questionsBe polite and professionalBe polite and professional
Interview No-No’sInterview No-No’sInterview No-No’sInterview No-No’s
Yes and no questionsYes and no questions ““I see” and “Uh-huh”I see” and “Uh-huh” Two-part questionsTwo-part questions Obvious questionsObvious questions Questions in poor tasteQuestions in poor taste Questions that have already been Questions that have already been
answeredanswered
When writing for a news broadcast…When writing for a news broadcast…
Some things stay the sameSome things stay the same
You still need to be:You still need to be: ClearClear Fair Fair BalancedBalanced InterestingInteresting
Some things change
Write the way you talk; you are telling a story
Sesame Street Style –simple, slow easy on the ears
Short sentences Listen to your story as well
as watch it. Let your pictures tell the
story. Avoid talking heads Let your subjects provide
the drama
Dressing for TelevisionDressing for TelevisionDressing for TelevisionDressing for Television
Choose clothes with simple, clean linesChoose clothes with simple, clean lines Wear solid colors but avoid day-glow colors Wear solid colors but avoid day-glow colors Avoid white, black, shiny jewelry, and Avoid white, black, shiny jewelry, and
distracting patterns distracting patterns Avoid tee shirts with photos or slogansAvoid tee shirts with photos or slogans be well groomed be well groomed
The “Magic” of TV (Special The “Magic” of TV (Special Effects and Post Production)Effects and Post Production)The “Magic” of TV (Special The “Magic” of TV (Special Effects and Post Production)Effects and Post Production)EditingEditingGraphicsGraphicsSpecial EffectsSpecial EffectsAnimationAnimationMake-upMake-up
Post-ProductionPost-ProductionPost-ProductionPost-Production
The best pieces of video and audio are The best pieces of video and audio are picked and put in the right order.picked and put in the right order.
The video pieces are edited together.The video pieces are edited together. Green Screen effects are addedGreen Screen effects are added Graphics (words on screen) and computer Graphics (words on screen) and computer
effects are created and edited in.effects are created and edited in. The audio track is edited (sweetened) with The audio track is edited (sweetened) with
sound effects, music, and natural sounds sound effects, music, and natural sounds placed where needed.placed where needed.
Editing: In-Camera/Non-Linear Editing: In-Camera/Non-Linear In-Camera editing: Plan and shoot in order using In-Camera editing: Plan and shoot in order using
record/pause feature. Little flexibility for later record/pause feature. Little flexibility for later rearrangement.rearrangement.
Non-Linear: shoot video andNon-Linear: shoot video and then input into computer with then input into computer with non-linear editing software. non-linear editing software. Video and audio segments Video and audio segments represented by icons placed represented by icons placed on a desktop timeline in desired on a desktop timeline in desired order. order. Segments can easily beSegments can easily be rearranged and graphics, rearranged and graphics, transitions, effects integrated to transitions, effects integrated to created finished product. created finished product.
You may use this PowerPoint in whole You may use this PowerPoint in whole or in part but please cite KET or in part but please cite KET
as the source! as the source!