tema 1: los articulos en inglÉs · adverbios de frecuencia este tipo de adverbios nos indica la...

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TEMA 1: LOS ARTICULOS EN INGLÉS

El aritículo "a/an" equivale a nuestro artículo indeterminado en español(un, uno, una). Utilizamos "a" cuando la siguiente palabra empieza consonido consonántico, y "an" cuando empieza sonido vocálico. Ejemplos:

A dogA carA televisionA human being

An elephantAn appleAn orangeAn hour

Utilizamos "some" en SINGULAR con aquellos sustantivos que no se pueden contar, que son incontables. Ejemplos:

some milk some water some suger some tea

Utilizamos "some" en plural con todos aquellos sustantivos contables. Ejemplos:

a dog - some dogsan elephant - some elephants A car - some carsAn hour - some hours

Como normal general utilizamos some para frases afirmativas en singular, si el sustantivo es incontable, y en frases afirmativas en plural si el adjetivo es contable. Ejemplos: Some milkSome dogs

Como norma general utilizamos any para frases negativas e interrogativas en singular, si el sustantivo es incontable, y en frases negativas e interrogativas en plural si el adjetivo es contable. Ejemplos:

There isn't any milk in the glassThere aren't any dogs in the street

Pero podemos encontrar algunas excepciones. Por ejemplo, si hacemos una pregunta en la que esperamos una respuesta afirmativa utilizamos some en lugar de any. Por ejemplo: Would you like some more coffee?

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TEMA 2: LOS SUSTANTIVOS EN

INGLÉS

Los sustantivos son palabras que sirven para designar personas, animales o cosas. Por ejemplo, boy, dog, city o table. En inglés el nombre no suele tener variaciones genéricas, es decir, un mismo sustantivo puede utilizarsepara el masculino y el femenino. Por ejemplo, la palabra teacher o la palabra student. Compara estos dos ejermplos:

My English teacher is a man, but my Maths teacher is a woman.The student in front of me was a girl. The student next to me is a boy. Podemos diferenciar los siguientes tipos de sustantivos en inglés: SUSTANTIVOS PROPIOS MARY, SPAIN, JOHN, MADRID

SUSTANTIVOS COMUNES CHAIR, CAT, WOMAN, RABBIT

SUSTANTIVOS ABSTRACTOS BEAUTY, COURAGE, FEAR

SUSTANTIVOS COLECTIVOS CROWD, GRUOP, TEAM

Hemos referido anteriormente, que en inglés las palabras no suelen tener variación genérica, pero sin embargo hay excepciones en las que se diferencia entre masculino y femenino: MASCULINO FEMENINO

MAN WOMAN

BOY GIRL

SON DAUGHTER

BROTHER SISTER

HUSBAND WIFE

UNCLE AUNT

KING QUEEN

FATHER MOTHER

Algunos sustantivos se forman con la terminación –ess:

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MASCULINO FEMENINO ACTOR ACTRESS LION LIONESS PRINCE PRINCESS

El plural se hace en inglés añadiendo una -s al sustantivo. Por ejemplo, dog- dogs (perro - perros). Sin embargo, existen excepciones que enumeramos a continuación. 1. Si un sustantivo acaba en "s, ss, sh, ch, x, o (excepto piano, pianos) " , el plural se forma añadiendo - es a la palabra. Bus - bussesKiss - kisses Brush - Brushes Box - boxes Bench - benches Tomato - tomatoes 2. Si un sustantivo acaba en "-y", la formación del plural depende de la letra que precede a la "-y". Si la "-y" está precedida de una vocal el plural se forma añadiendo "-s", pero si la "-y" está precedida por una consonante, la "-y" se convierte en "-i", y despúes añadimos " -es". Ejemplos: Lady - ladiesDay - days

3. Si un sustantivo acaba en -f / -fe, se elimina la terminación "- f / - fe" y se añade "-ves". Thief - ThievesLife - Lives

4. Hay sustantivos que son invariables tanto en singular como en plural, esdecir, su forma del singular y el plural es la misma. Ejemplos: Sheep - sheep (oveja, ovejas) Salmon - salmon (salmón, salmones)

5. Hay sustantivos que solo tienen forma plural. Ejemplos: glasses (gafas)troussers (pantalones)scissors (tijeras)

ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES Man - Men Woman - Women Child - ChildrenPerson - People Foot - Feet

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Goose - Geese Tooth - Teeth Mouse - Mice

TEMA 3 “LOS PRONOMBRES”

PRONOMBRES PERSONALES

SUJETO OBJETO

I (yo)YOU (tu) HE /SHE /IT (el, ella, ello)WE (nosotros, as)YOU (vosotros, as)THEY (ellos, as)

ME (yo, me – a mí)YOU (tu, te – a tí)HIM / HER / ITS (el, lo - a él / ella, la – aella)US (nosotros/as, nos – a nosotros/as)YOU (vosotros/as, os – a vosotros/as)THEM (ellos, los/las/les - a ellos/as)

PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

MY (mi, mis)YOUR (tu, tus)HIS / HER / ITS (su, sus)OUR (nuestro, a, os, as)YOUR (vuestro, a, os, as)THEIR (su, sus)

MINE (mio, a, os, as)YOURS (tuyo, a, os, as)HIS / HERS / ITS (suyo, a, os, as)OURS (nuestro, a, os, as)YOURS (vuestro, a, os, as)THEIRS (suyo, a, os, as)

PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS

SINGULARTHIS (este, a, o)THAT (ese, a, o) / (aquel, a, o)

PLURALTHESE (estos, as)THOSE (esos, as) / (aquellos, as)

PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS

MYSELF (yo mismo)YOURSELF (tu mismo)

HIMSELF / HERSELF / ITSELF (el mismo, ella misma)OURSELVES (nosotros/as, mismos/as)YOURSELVES (vosotros/as, mismos/as)

THEMSELVES (ellos/as mismos/as)

PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS

EVERYONE / EVERYBODY (Todo el mundo)

WHO (que, quien, quienes) / Se utiliza solo con personas.

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NO ONE / NOBODY (Nadie)SOMEONE / SOMEBODY (Alguien)ANYONE / ANYBODY (Alguien – en frases interrogativas) / (Nadie – en frases negativas)EVERYTHING (Todo)NOTHING (Nada)SOMETHING (Algo)ANYTHING (Algo en frases interrogativas)/ (Nada en frases negativas)

THAT (que) / Se utiliza para personas, animales y cosas.WHOSE (cuyo, a, os, as)WHICH (que) / Se utiliza para animales y cosasWHOM (a quien, es, al que)WHAT (lo que)WHEN (cuando)WHERE (donde)WHY (el porqué)HOW (como)

PRONOMBRES RECÍPROCOS

EACH OTHER / ONE ANOTHER (el uno al otro, mutuamente)

TEMA 4 “LOS ADJETIVOS”

Los adjetivos son palabras que determinan a los sustantivos (persona, animal o cosa). Por ejemplo:

The red book.

La posición de los adjetivos varía dependiendo de sí se refieren a un nombre o a un verbo. Si refiere a un sustantivo siempre se coloca delante del mismo.

A big man

A black dog

A small door

A tall girl

Si se refiere a un verbo entonces se coloca después. Por ejemplo:

She’s British

He is cold

They were late

El adjetivo en inglés es invariable. No varía del masculino al femenino ni tampoco del singular al plural. Por ejemplo:

An old man – an old woman

A red table – two red tables

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COMPARATIVO

En inglés existen 3 tipos de comparativo: INFERIORIDAD, IGUALDAD YSUPERIORIDAD

1) COMPARATIVO DE INFERIORIDAD: Estructura: [less + than] ///// [not as .......as] Ejemplo: He is less intelligent than you (El es menos inteligente que tu)Ejemplo: He is not as intelligent as you (El no es tan inteligente como tu) NOTA: Normalmente se utiliza less para incontables y fewer para los contables 2) COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD: Estructura: [as + as] Ejemplo: He is as intelligent as you (El es tan inteligente como tu) 3) COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDAD El comparativo de superioridad tiene dos estructuras diferentes dependiendo de la longitud del adjetivo. ADJETIVOS CORTOS [-er + than] Ejemplo: He is taller than me (El es más alto que yo) ADJETIVOS LARGOS [more + than] Ejemplo: He is more intelligent than me (El es más inteligente que yo)

SPECIAL SPELLING

Pretty - Prettier (La "y" se sustituye por "i", y después se añade -er.Large - Larger (Se añade solo una "r" porque ya acabe en "e".Big - Bigger (Si un adejetivo acaba en consonate+vocal+consonante, se le dobla la última consonante y se añade er. ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES (Bueno) Good - Better (Mejor)(Malo) Bad - Worse (Peor)(Lejos) Far - Further (más lejos)

SUPERLATIVO

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En inglés, el superlativo, al igual que ocurre con el comprativo de superioridad tiene dos estructuras dependiendo de la longitud de los adjetivos:

ADJETIVOS CORTOS

Estructura: [the + -est] Ejemplo: He is the tallest boy in the classroom (El es el chico más alto de la clase)

ADJETIVOS LARGOS

Estructura: [ the most + adjetivo] Ejemplo: He is the most intelligent boy in the classroom (El es el chico más inteligente de la clase)

ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES

Good - The best (el mejor)Bad - The worst (el peor)Far - The furthest (el más lejano)

TEMA 5 “ADVERBIOS”

Los adverbios son palabras invariables, cuya función consiste en complementar la significación del verbo, de un adjetivo, de otro adverbio y de ciertas secuencias.

De acuerdo con su significado, clasificamos los adverbios del siguiente modo:

ADVERBIOS DE LUGAR

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Los adverbios de lugar nos dicen dónde ocurre la acción, por ejemplo: everywhere, here, nowhere, there.

Estos son los adverbios de lugar más frecuentes:

ABOVE – ARRIBA FOREWARD – HACIA DELANTEABROAD – EN EL EXTRANJERO HERE – AQUÍAHEAD – DELANTE, AL FRENTE IN – DENTROANYWHERE – EN CUALQUIER PARTE INDOORS – DENTRO (DE CASA)AROUND – ALREDEDOR INSIDE – DENTROAWAY – LEJOS INWARDS – HACIA ADENTROBACK – DE REGRESO NEAR – CERCABACKWARD(S) – HACIA ATRÁS NOWHERE – EN NINGUNA PARTEBEHIND – DETRÁS OFF – LEJOS, FUERABELOW – DEBAJO OUT – FUERADOWN – ABAJO OUTSIDE – FUERADOWNSTAIRS – ABAJO (PISO) OUTWARDS – HACIA FUERADOWNWARDS – HACIA ABAJO SOMEWHERE – EN ALGUNA PARTEEVERYWHERE – EN TODAS PARTES THERE – ALLÍ FAR – LEJOS UP - ARRIBA

UPSTAIRS – ARRIBA (PISO)UPWARDS – HACIA ARRIBA

ADVERBIOS DE TIEMPO

Los adverbios de tiempo nos indican cuándo ocurre una acción, por ejemplo: immediately, now…

Estos son los advebios de tiempo más frecuentes:

AFTER – DESPUÉS AGO – HACEAFTERWARDS – DESPUÉS ALREADY – YAAGAIN – OTRA VEZ ANY MORE – NUNCA MAS, YA NOAT FIRST – AL PRINCIPIO NEXT WEEK – LA SEMANA QUE VIENEAL LAST – POR FIN NO LONGER – NO MAS, YA NO, NUNCA

MÁSAT ONCE – AL PUNTO, EN SEGUIDA, AL MISMO TIEMPO

NOWADAYS – HOY EN DÍA, ACTUALMENTE

BEFORE – ANTES PRESENTLY – EN BREVE, INMEDIATAMENTE

EARLY – TEMPRANO SOON – PRONTOEVERYDAY/WEEK – TODOS LOS DÍAS/SEMANAS

STILL – TODAVÍA

FORMERLY - ANTIGUAMENTE TODAY – HOYLAST WEEK – LA SEMANA PASADA TOMORROW – MAÑANALATE – TARDE TONIGHT – ESTA NOCHE

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LATLEY – ÚLTIMAMENT,RECIENTEMENTE THEN - ENTONCESMEANWHILE – MIENTRAS TANO YESTERDAY – AYERNOW – AHORA YET – YA, TODAVIA

ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

Este tipo de adverbios nos indica la frecuencia con la que ocurre una acción.

Estos son algunos de los más comunes:

ALWAYS – SIEMPRE OCCASIONALLY – OCASIONALMENTEEVER – ALGUNA VEZ OFTEN – A MENUDOFREQUENTLY – FRECUENTEMENTE RARELY – RARA VEZGENERALLY – GENERALMENTE SOMETIMES – ALGUNAS VECESNEVER – NUNCA SELDOM – RARA VEZNOW AND THEN – DE VEZ EN CUANDO USUALLY - NORMALMENTE

ADVERBIOS DE MODO

Los adverbios de modo nos indican la manera en la que ocurre una acción.

Los adverbios de modo pueden formarse añadiendo –ly a un adjetivo. Por ejemplo, slowly, quickly...

Algunos de los adverbios de modo más frecuentes son los siguientes:

ALOUD – EN VOZ ALTA HOW – COMOBADLY – MAL PROMPTLY – RÁPIDAMENTECALMLY – TRANQUILAMENTE QUICKLY – RÁPIDAMENTECAREFULLY – CUIDADOSAMENTE QUIETLY – TRANQUILAMENTEDISTINCLY – CLARAMENTE SIMPLY – SIMPLEMENTEEASILY – FÁCILMENTE TOGETHER – JUNTOSEQUALLY – IGUALMENTE VERY WELL – MUY BIENFAST – RÁPIDO WILLINGLY – DE BUENA GANAGLADLY – DE BUENA GANA WRONGLY – EQUIVOCADAMENTE

ADVERBIOS DE CANTIDAD

Este tipo de adverbios indica cantidad, como su propio nombre indica.

Destacamos los siguiente como los más frecuentes:

LITTLE – POCO TWICE – DOS VECESMUCH – MUCHO VERY LITTLE – MUY POCOONCE – UNA VEZ VERY MUCH – MUCHÍSIMO

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ADVERBIOS DE PROBABILIDAD

Este tipo de adverbios indican la probabilidad que tiene una acción de ocurrir o tener lugar.

Destacamos los siguientes:

MAYBE – QUIZÁ POSSIBLY – POSIBLEMENTEPERHAPS – QUIZÁ PROBABLY – PROBABLEMENTE

ADVERBIOS DE AFIRMACIÓN

CERTAINLY – CIERTAMENTE OBVIOUSLY – OBVIAMENTEDECIDLY - DECIDIDAMENTE OF COURSE – POR SUPUESTOINDEED – CIERTAMENTE, DE HECHO SURELY – SEGURAMENTENATURALLY - NATURALMENTE YES – SÍ

ADVERBIOS DE NEGACIÓN

NEVER – NUNCA NOT - NONO – NO (NOT) AT ALL – EN ABSOLUTO

TEMA 6 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: EL VERBO TOBE”

El verbo “be” en inglés presenta las siguientes estructuras en presente simple:

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I AMYOU AREHE IS SHE ISIT ISWE AREYOU ARETHEY ARE

I'MYOU'REHE'SSHE'SIT'SWE'REYOU'RETHEY'RE

NEGATIVE FORM

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I AM NOTYOU ARE NOTHE ISN'TSHE ISN'TIT ISN'TWE AREN'TYOU AREN'TTHEY AREN'T

I'M NOTYOU AREN'THE ISN'TSHE ISN'TIT ISN'TWE AREN'TYOU AREN'TTHEY AREN'T

INTERROGATIVE FORM

AM I?ARE YOU?IS HE?IS SHE?IS IT?ARE WE?ARE YOU?ARE THEY?

AM I?ARE YOU?IS HE?IS SHE?IS IT?ARE WE? ARE YOU?ARE THEY?

Ejemplos:

Steve is twelve years ago (Steve tiene doce años)

Peter is very tall (Peter es muy alto)

John is angry (John es alto)

TEMA 7 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: TO HAVE GOT”

El verbo “have got” presenta la siguiente estructura:

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I HAVE GOTYOU HAVE GOTHE HAS GOTSHE HAS GOTIT HAS GOTWE HAVE GOTYOU HAVE GOTTHEY HAVE GOT

I'VE GOTYOU'VE GOTHE'S GOTSHE'S GOTIT'S GOTWE'VE GOTYOU'VE GOTTHEY'VE GOT

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NEGATIVE FORM

I HAVE NOT GOTYOU HAVE NOT GOTHE HAS NOT GOTSHE HAS NOT GOTIT HAS NOT GOTWE HAVE NOT GOTYOU HAVE NOT GOTTHEY HAVE NOT GOT

I HAVEN'T GOTYOU HAVEN'T GOTHE HASN'T GOTSHE HASN'T GOTIT HASN'T GOTWE HAVEN'T GOTYOU HAVEN'T GOTTHEY HAVEN'T GOT

INFORMATIVE FORM HAVE I GOT?HAVE YOU GOT?HAS HE GOT?HAS SHE GOT?HAS IT GOT?HAVE WE GOT?HAVE YOU GOT?HAVE THEY GOT?

Ejemplos:

I have got a new car (Tengo un coche nuevo)She has got two brothers (Yo tengo dos hermanos)Steve hast got a brown dog (Steve tiene un perro marrón)

TEMA 8 “LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES: EL PRESENTE SIMPLE”

FORMACIÓN

AFIRMATIVA

Sujeto+infinitivo+complemento

En 3º persona del sing -s/-es/-ies

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They work hard / She works hard/ She watches TV/ She studies music/ She plays volleyball

NEGATIVA

Sujeto+don’t/doesn’t + infinitivo+com

(No se añade –s en 3ºPS)

They don’t work hard/ She doesn’t work hard/ She doesn’t watch TV/She doesn’t study music/ She doesn’t play volleyball

INTERROGATIVA

Do/Does + sujeto + infinitivo?

(No se añade –s en 3ºPS)

Do they work hard? Does she work hard?/ Does she watch TV?/Does she study music? / Does she play volleyball?

USO

Acciones que se repite con cierta frecuencia, como rutinas, hábitos, acciones que realizamos a diario. Ejemplos:

Steve goes to school everyday

He visits his uncle twice a week

. Situaciones permanentes

John works in Iberia

. Verdades absolutas

Water boils at 100º degrees

. Para horarios de transportes

The train leaves at 7 o’clock

ADVERBIOS Y EXPRESIONES TEMPORALES

Everyday, usually, sometimes, generally, once a week, twice a week, three times a day, often.

TEMA 9 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: EL PRESENTE CONTINUO”

FORMACIÓN

Afirmativa

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Sujeto+am/is/are+V-ing+complem

I am working today / She is working today / They are working today

Negativa

Sujeto+am/is/are+V-ing+compleme

I am not working today / She is not working today / They are not working today.

Interrogativa

Am/is/are+sujeto+V-ing+comple?

Am I working today? / Is she working today? / Are they working today?

USO

Acciones que se producen en el mismo momento de hablar, o en un momento concreto.

They are studying Enlgish now.

Acciones que se refieren a un futuro cercano.

She is visiting her aunt this afternoon / They are playing football at 3 o’clock

ADVERBIOS / EXPRESIONES TEMPORALES

NOW, RIGHT NOW, IN THIS MOMENT, AT PRESENT, AT FIVE O’CLOCK, ON MONDAY

La exclamación indica que una acción está ocurriendo en un momento concreto

TEMA 10 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: EL PASADO SIMPLE”

FORMACIÓN

!

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- Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo acabado en -ed (Regulares)/// Verbo 2º columna (Irregulares) + complementos

- Negativa: sujeto + didn't + verbo en infinitivo sin -to + complementos

- Interrogativa: Did + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo sin -to + complementos?

USO

- Acción acabada y finalizada en el pasado.

Por ejemplo: I ate spaghetti yesterday.

EXPRESIONES TEMPORALES / ADVERBIOS

- YESTERDAY

- LAST DAY/MONTH/WEEK/YEAR

- A SPECIFIC DATE IN THE PAST (IN 1979)

- AGO

TEMA 11 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: EL PASADO CONTINUO”

FORMACIÓN

- Afirmativa: sujeto + was/were + verbo acabado en -ing + complementos

- Negativa: sujeto + wasn't/weren't + verbo acabado en -ing + complementos

- Interrogativa: was/were + sujeto + verbo acabado en -ing + complementos?

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USO

- Acción que realizamos en un momento concreto del pasado.

Por ejemplo: I was studying English yesterday afternoon.

EXPRESIONES TEMPORALES

- Un momento específico del pasado.

For example: I was playing football yesterday afternoon.

Ver frases con when y while

TEMA 12 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: WILL Y GOING TO”

FUTURO SIMPLE

USO

- Para predicciones. Por ejemplo: Paco will pass selectividad (pero todavía no lo sabe)- Para decisiones espontáneas: “Which do you prefer tea or coffee? – I will havea coffee”- Para expresar acciones que se producirán 100% seguro: I will be 18 next month.

ESTRUCTURA

- Afirmativa: sujeto + will + infinitivo sin -to + complementos- Negativa: sujeto + won't + infinitivo sin-to + complementos- Interrogativa: Will + sujeto + infinitivo sin -to + complementos?

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FUTURO PLANEADO "GOING TO"

USO

- Se trata de un futuro planeado porque decimos cuando se va a ejecutar laacción. Por ejemplo: I am going to go to David’s party this weekend.

ESTRUCTURA

- Afirmativa: sujeto + am/is/are + going to + infinitivo + complementos- Negativa: sujeto + am/is/are + not + going to + infinitivo + complementos- Interrogativa: am/is/are + sujeto + going to + complementos?

TEMA 13 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE”

FORMACIÓN

- Afirmativa: sujeto + have/has + participio (-ed en los regulares/3º columna en los irregulares) + complementos

- Negativa: sujeto + haven't/ hasn't + participio + complementos

- Interrogativa: Have/ Has + sujeto + participio + complementos?

USO

- Se refiere a una acción ocurrida en el pasado, pero muy cercana al presente. Por tanto, podemos decir que el presente perfecto simple se refiere a un pasado reciente.

Por ejempo: I have been in Madrid this morning.

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ADVERBIOS:

ALREADY: ya, todavía / Frases afirmativas

YET: ya, todavia / frases negativas e interrogativas / Posición final

JUST: acabar de

NEVER: nunca (frases afirmativas)

EVER: alguna vez / Si aparece con una frase negativa significa "nunca"

SINCE: desde

FOR: durante

TEMA 14 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO”

FORMACIÓN

Afirmativa: sujeto + have/has been + verbo acabado en -ing.He’s been writing letters all morning. Negative: sujeto + haven’t/hasn’t been + verbo acabado en -ingWe haven’t been reading much lately. Interrogative: Have / Has + sujeto + been + verbo acabado en –ing?You look hot! Have you been running?

USO

Utilizamos el presente perfecto continuo para hablar de una acción que se desarolló durante algún tiempo en el pasado y que acaba de terminar. Los efectos de dicha acción se hacen sentir en el presente.

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She has been running

Queremos decir con esto que estuvo corriendo, acaba de dejarlo, pero aún se siente cansada. We've been playing volleyball.They've been fighting.She's been washing her hair. Este último ejemplo significa que hace poco estaba lavándose la cabeza. Ahora ya no se está lavando, pero los efectos de la acción pueden verse en el presente: su pelo está aún húmedo.

TEMA 15 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: PASADO PERFECTO SIMPLE”

FORMACIÓN

- Afirmativa: sujeto + had + participio (-ed en los regulares/3º columna en los irregulares) + complementos

- Negativa: sujeto + hadn't + participio + complementos

- Interrogativa: Had + sujeto + participio + complementos?

USO

- Utilizamos el pasado perfecto simple para referirnos a una acción del pasado que es anterior a otra acción que hemos expresado. Por ejemplo:

Before the police arrived the thieves had stolen everything. (Antes de que la policíallegara los ladrones lo habían robado todo)

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TEMA 16 “TIEMPOS VERBALES: FUTURO CONTINUO Y PERFECTO”

FUTURO CONTINUO

USO

Utilizamos el futuro continuo para expresar acciones que ocurrirán en un momento concreto del futuro. Por ejemplo: Andrew can't go to the party. He'll be working all day tomorrow.

FORMACIÓN Afirmativa: Sujeto + will be + V-ing + complementosNegativa: Sujeto + won't be + V-ing + complementosInterrogativa: Will + sujeto + be + V-ing + complementos?

FUTURO PERFECTO

USO

Utilizamos el futuro perfecto para expresar una acción que acabará en un momento determinado del futuro. Por ejemplo: By the year 2020 I will have finished my studies at University.

ESTRUCTURA

Afirmativa: sujeto + will have + participio + complementosNegativa: sujeto + won't have + participio + complementos

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Interrogativa: will + sujeto + have + participio + complementos?

TEMA 17 “ORACIONES CONDICIONALES”

En inglés podemos distinguir tres tipos de oraciones condicionales:

FIRST CONDITIONAL

El primer tipo nos indica que una situación ocurrirá con seguridad en el futuro. [if + presente simple] + [futuro simple (will)] If he finishes his homework, he’ll go to the cinema.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

El Segundo tipo de condicional indica que una acción podría ocurrir. Tiene un matiz de duda.

[if + pasado simple] + [condicional simple (would)] (Duda)

If I met Leonardo DiCaprio, I’d ask him for his autograph.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

El tercer tipo de condicional indica la imposibilidad de que una acción hubiese tenido lugar.

[if + pasado perfecto simple] + [condicional perfecto (would have+participio)

If she had got up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.

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TEMA 18 “I WISH / IF ONLY”

PRIMER TIPO: I WISH/IF ONLY + PASADO SIMPLE

En esta estructura el verbo "wish" va seguido de un pasado irreal cuando queremos hablar sobre situaciones en el presente con las que no somos felices, pero tampoco las podemos cambiar. Ejemplos: I wish i had more money --- ojalá tuviese más dinero (pero no lo tengo)I wish i could come to the party -- ojalá pudiese venir a las fiesta (pero no puedo)

SEGUNDO TIPO: I WISH/IF ONLY + PASADO PERFECTO SIMPLE

Utilizamos esta estructura cuando queremos hablar sobre situaciones del pasado con las que no somos felices, o acciones de las que estamos arrepentidos. Ejemplo: I wish i hadn't said that -- ojalá no hubiese dicho eso (pero lo dije)He wishes he hadn't bought the car -- ojalá el no se hubiese comprado el coche (pero lo compró)

TERCER TIPO: I WISH/IF ONLY + WOULD + INFINITIVO

Utilizamos esta estructura cuando queremos protestar por algo, es decir, cuando queremos que alguien abandone un hábito. por ejemplo: I wish he would stop smoking: ojalá el dejara de fumar(no me gusta y quiero que cambie)

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TEMA 19 “ESTILO INDIRECTO”

Compara la diferecia entre el estilo directo y el indirecto:

Estilo directo:He said: " I don't want to go home yet".Estilo indirecto o repoted speech:He said (that) he didn't want to go home yet.

En estilo indirecto that es opcional. Si se incluye, el registro es algo

más formal que si se omite.

Cuando los verbos como say, ask, tell, etc. (reporting verbs) están

en pasado, cambia el tiempo verbal del resto de la oración en el estilo indirecto. La excepción se produce cuando hablamos de algo que aún tiene validez en el presente.:

- They told me: "Water boils at 100 degrees" ---- They told me (that) water boils at 100 degrees.- She said: "He has to work all weekend" ----She said (that) he had to work all weekend.

Cambios de tiempo verbal en estilo indirecto:

Presnte simple - Pasado simplePresente continuo - Pasado continuoPasado simple - Pasado Perfecto simplePasado continuo - Pasado Perfecto continuoPresente Perfecto - Pasado PerfectoFuturo Simple (will) - Condicional simple (would)Can - CouldMust - Had toMay - Might

Reporting verbs:

- Verbo + (that): say, claim, explain, insist, agree, complain, deny, reply.- Verbo + pronombre objeto + (that): tell (She told me that...)- Verbo + infinitivo con - to: offer, refuse, agree, promise...

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- Verbo + for + verbo (-ing): apologise, thank

Expresiones que cambian en estilo indirecto:

- Tomorrow - the next day/ the following day- Today - that day- Yesterday - the day before / the previous day- Next week - the following week - Last week - the week before / the previous week- Now - then- Here - there- This week - that week

Cambios en los pronombres personales sujeto y objeto

- I don't know YOU - She said she didn't like ME- WE are late - He said THEY were late

Cambios en los posesivos:

That's not MY book - He said that wasn't HIS book.

Peticiones e imperativos en estilo indirecto: (not) to + infinitivo

"Shut up" - He asked me TO shut up."Don't open that window" - He ordered them NOT TO open that window.

Preguntas en estilo indirecto:

- Al pasar de estilo directo a indirecto las preguntas tienen el orden SUJETO + VERBO. Hay que diferenciar entre dos tipos de preguntas: * Preguntas con palabra interrogativa (what, who, where, etc): He asked: "Where are you?" - He asked me WHERE I was * Preguntas cuya respuesta es si o no (sin palabra interrogativa). She asked: are you OK? - She asked me IF/WHETHER I was OK.

Sugerencias en estilo indirecto: Suggest + -ing / that should

They suggested leaving earlyThey suggested that we should live early

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TEMA 20 “LA VOZ PASIVA”

USO

Utilizamos la voz pasiva cuando no sabemos que o quien realiza una acción, o cuando éste no es relevante.

After the car accident, Peter was arrested.The space shuttle will be launched on 4th July.

Utilizamos la voz active cuando sabemos quien o que realiza una acción, dado que éste es relevante.

After the car accident, the police arrested Peter.NASA will launch the space shuttle on 4th July.

FORMACIÓN

Utilizamos el verbo to be en su correspondiente forma verbal + un participio:

These computers are made in Japan.The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.The crime will be investigated by the police.

PASOS PARA HACER UNA ORACIÓN PASIVA

Vamos a explicar como pasar una oración a pasiva a partir del siguiente ejemplo: - The boy bouht the house - The house was bought (by the boy) Primer paso: El objeto de la oración activa (que normalmente es la primera palabra o sintagma nominal que aparece después del verbo principal de la oración activa - the house se convierte en sujeto en la voz pasiva.

Segundo paso: Tenemos que escribir el verbo TO BE en la oración pasiva, en el mismo tiempo verbal que el verbo de la oración activa. Es decir, si el verbo de la

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oración activa está en presente, tenemos que poner am, is o are en la oración pasiva. Si el verbo principal de la activa está en pasado, pondríamos was o were, y si estuviese en futuro pondríamos will be.

Tercer paso: El verbo principal de la oración activa, se transforma en participio en la pasiva.

Cuarto paso: El sujeto de la oración activa (the boy) se convierte en complemento agente en la voz pasiva introducido por la preposición - by (by the boy)

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TEMA 21 “ORACIONES DE RELATIVO”

Vamos a analizar los distintos pronombres relativos que podemos encontrar en inglés:

1. WHO (que ,quien, quienes) - Lo utilizamos para referirnos a personas. Ej: The boy, who you met yesterday, is my brother. 2. WHICH (que, el que, la que...) - Lo utilizamos para referirnos a animales,cosas u objetos. Ej: The car, which you bought yesterday, is really nice. 3. THAT (que, el que, la que...) - Lo utilizamos para referirnos a personas, animales y cosas. Hay una regla en inglés que dice que no se puede utilizar"that" después de coma. Por tanto, no podemos utilizar este relativo en oraciones NON - DEFINING que son aquellas oraciones en las que la oración de relativo va entre comas. 4. WHAT (lo que) - Utilizamos "what" con este sentido cuando es pronombre relativo, y no interrogativo. Ej: What you say is false! ///// I don't understand what you say. 5. WHERE (donde) - Indica lugar. Ej: This is the house where I live. 6. WHEN (cuando) - Indica tiempo. Ej: Yesterday, when you called me, was special for me. 7. WHOSE (cuyo, a, os, as) - Indica posesión. Ej: Maria, whose father is a doctor, is my cousin. 8. WHY (el porque) - Para argumentar una razón de porque se hace algo. Ej: I don't understand why she got angry yesterday.

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TEMA 22 “QUESTION WORDS”

QUESTION WORDS

WHO

WHO HELPED YOU? ¿QUIÉN TE AYUDÓ?

WHOSE

WHOSE FAULT WAS IT? ¿DE QUIÉN FUE LA CULPA?

WHOM

WHOM COULD WE ASK? ¿A QUIÉN PODEMOS PREGUNTAR?

WHAT

WHAT DO YOU NEED? ¿QUÉ NECESITAS?

WHICH

WHICH BOOK IS YOURS? ¿CUÁL ES TU LIBRO?

WHEN

WHEN IS YOUR BIRTHDAY? ¿CUÁNDO ES TU CUMPLEAÑOS?

WHERE

WHERE DO YOU LIVE? ¿DÓNDE VIVES?

WHY

WHY DO YOU ASK? ¿POR QUÉ PREGUNTAS?

HOW

HOW DO YOU DO? ¿CÓMO ESTÁS?

HOW MUCH

HOW MUCH IS THE HAMBUERGER? ¿CUÁNTO CUESTA LA HAMBURGUESA?

HOW MANY

HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE THERE? ¿CUÁNTA GENTE HABÍA?

HOW LONG

HOW LONG DOES THE FILM LAST? ¿CUÁNTO DURA LA PELÍCULA?

HOW OFTEN

HOW OFTEN DO YOU PLAY TENNIS? ¿CÚANTAS VECES JUEGAS AL TENIS?

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TEMA 23 “LOS VERBOS MODALES”

Un verbo modal es aquel que se usa en combinación con un verbo principalpara expresar obligación, prohibición, capacidad o habilidad para realizar alguna tarea, para hacer recomendaciones, etc. Ex. Ralph can speak three languages. You know you shouldn´t smoke, so why do you do it?

CUADRO RESUMEN

VERBOS MODALES

MODAL SIMPLE

Hacen referencia al presente

MODAL PERFECTO

Hace referencia al pasado

ESTRUCTURA

Sujeto + modal + verbo (infinitivo sin –to) She should go to the doctor

ESTRUCTURA Sujeto + modal + have + participio She should have gone to the doctor yesterday

CAN – COULD – MUST – SHOULD - MAY – MIGHT…

VERBOS SEMIMODALES (HAVE TO)

Es semi – modal porque admite verbos auxiliaries en todos los tiempos

She has to wear uniform in this school

She doesn’t have to wear uniform at this schoolDoes she have to wear uniform at this school?

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TEMA 24 “GERUNDIOS EINFINITIVOS”

GERUNDIO

1. Al principio de frase, utilizamos los verbos en gerundio:

Ej: Smoking is unhealthy (Fumar no es saludable)

Studying English is boring (Estudiar ingles es aburrido)

2. Después de preposiciones utilizamos el verbo en gerundio:

Ej: You must keep on studying English this afternoon (Debes seguir estudiando ingles esta tarde)

You should give up smoking (Deberías dejar de fumar)

3. Utilizamos el verbo en –ing después de like, love y hate.

Ej: I hate doing sport (Odio hacer deporte)

I like doing karate (Me gusta hacer karate)

4. Cuando hablamos de deportes, aquellos que van seguidos de GO, llevan –ing:

Ej: Let’s go swimming (Vamos a nadar)

I will go playing football tomorrow (Iré a jugar a fútbol mañana)

INFINITIVO

1. Después de adjetivo o nombre utilizamos infinitive con –to:

Ej: It’s easy to do (Es fácil de hacer)

Ej: I telephoned my sister to say sorry (Llamé a mi hermana para pedirle perdón)

2. Después de WANT si ponemos otro verbo, éste lleva infinitivo con –to:

Ej: Do you want to drink some water?

3. Las frases imperativas con TELL rigen infinitive con –to

Ej: I told her to open the Windows (Le dijeron que cerrara la ventana)

Ej: I told him not to make noise (Le dije que no hiciese ruido)

4. Después del condicional (would like) utilizamos el infinitive con -to:

Ej: Would you like to dance with me?

5. Cuando damos una orden utilizamos el infinitivo sin –to:

Ej: Go home (Vete a casa) / Don’t go home (No te vayas a casas)

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ORACIONES SUBORDINADASCONSECUTIVAS

Las oraciones subordinadas consecutivas se forman con “such” y “so”. Las oraciones subordinadas consecutivas (clauses of result) se forman con las siguientes estructuras.

1. SUCH A / AN + sustantivo contable en plural + (THAT) + oración principal.

Ejemplo: John is such an intelligent boy (that) everybody want to speak to him (Juan es una persona tan inteligente que todo el mundo quiere hablar con él).

2. SUCH + adjetivo + sustantivo contable en plural + (THAT) + oración principal.

Ejemplo: John saw such cheap shirts that he bought three of them (Juan vio enla tienda unas camisas tan baratas que compro tres).

3. SUCH + adjetivo + sustantivo incontable + (THAT) + oración principal.

Ejemplo: It was such sour wine (that) John didn’t drink it. (Era un vino tan agrio que Juan no se lo bebió).

4. SO + adjetivo o adverbio + (that) + oración principal.

Ejemplo: He is driving so slow (that) he might arrive late. (El conduce tan despacio que puede llegar tarde). Ejemplo: He is so stupid (that) many people hate him. (El es tan estúpido que mucha gente lo odia).

5. SO MUCH + sustantivo incontable.

Ejemplo: We drank so much wine (that) we had a terrible headache (Bebimos tanto vino que teníamos un dolor de cabeza terrible)

6. SO MANY + sustantivo contable.

Ejemplo: There were so many people in the Street (that) we couldn’t walk.

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ORACIONES SUBORDINADASCONCESIVAS

Las clauses of contrast (oraciones subordinadas concesivas) con aquellas que como su propio nombre indica expresan un contraste de ideas en una oración. Las conjunciones más frecuentes son “although o though”, “in spite of o despite”. ALTHOUGH O THOUGH (Aunque)

Ejemplos:

1. Although / Though it was raining he didn’t take his umbrella. (Aunque estaballoviendo, no cogió el paraguas)

2. He didn’t take his umbrella although / though it was raining. (No cogió el paraguas aunque estaba lloviendo).

3. Even though he tried to make us smile, he wasn’t able to. (Aunque intentó hacernos reir, no lo consiguió). IN SPITE OF O DESPITE (A pesar de) + sustantivo o gerundio

Ejemplos:

1. In spite of / Despite the rain, we went out (A pesar de la lluvía, salimos).

2. In spite of / Despite having done the exercises, the teacher got angry (A pesar de haber hecho los ejercicios, el professor se enfado). Construcción adicional : In spite of / Despite + the fact (that) + oración subordinadaIn spite of the fact (that) he is very rich, he lives in a modern house. (A pesar deque es muy rico vive en una casa modesta.

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FORMACIÓN DE LOS TIEMPOS

VERBALES

PRESENTE SIMPLE

Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo en infinitivo sin to + complementos Negativa: sujeto + don't / doesn't (3º P.S) + verbo en infinitivo sin to + complementos Interrogativa: Do / Does (3º P.S) + sujeto + complemetos?

PRESENTE CONTINUO

Afirmativa: Sujeto + to be + verbo acabado en ing + complementos Negativa: Sujeto + to be + not + verbo acabado en ing + complemetos Interrogativa: to be + sujeto + verbo acabado en ing + complementos?

PASADO SIMPLE Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo acabado en ed (Regulares)/// Verbo 2º columna (Irregulares) + complementos Negativa: sujeto + didn't + verbo en infinitivo sin to + complementos Interrogativa: Did + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo sin to + complementos?

PASADO CONTINUO Afirmativa: sujeto + was/were + verbo acabado en ing + complementos Negativa: sujeto + wasn't/weren't + verbo acabado en ing + complementos Interrogativa: was/were + sujeto + verbo acabado en ing + complementos?

FUTURO SIMPLE Afirmativa: sujeto + will + infinitivo sin to + complementos Negativa: sujeto + won't + infinitivo sinto + complementos

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http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/present-simple/


http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/will-going-to/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-continuous/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-simple/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/present-continuous/


Interrogativa: Will + sujeto + infinitivo sin to + complementos?

FUTURO PLANEADO Afirmativa: sujeto + to be + going to + infinitivo + complementos Negativa: sujeto + to be + not + going to + infinitivo + complementos Interrogativa: to be + sujeto + going to + infinitivo + complemetos?

PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE Afirmativa: sujeto + have/has + participio (ed en los regulares/3º columna en los irregulares) + complementos Negativa: sujeto + haven't/ hasn't + participio + complementos Interrogativa: Have/ Has + sujeto + participio + complementos?

PASADO PERFECTO SIMPLE Afirmativa: sujeto + had + participio + complementos Negativa: sujeto + hadn't + participio + complementos Interrogativa: had + sujeto + participio + complementos

CONDICIONAL SIMPLE Afirmativa: sujeto + would + infinitivo sin to + complementos Negativa: sujeto + wouln't + infinitivo sin to + complementos Interrogativa: would + sujeto + infinitivo sin to + complementos?

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO Afirmativa: sujeto + would have (nunca has) + participio + complementos Negativa: sujeto + wouldn't have + participio + complementos Interrogativa: Would + sujeto + have + participio + complementos?

FUTURO PERFECTO Afirmativa: sujeto + will have (nunca has) + participio + complementos Negativa: sujeto + won't have + participio + complementos

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http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/future-continuous-perfect/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/conditionals/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/conditionals/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-perfect-simple/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/present-perfect-simple/



Interrogativa: will + sujeto + have + participio + complementos?

FUTURO CONTINUO Afirmativa: sujeto + will be + verbo acabado en ing + complementos Negativa: sujeto + won't be + verbo acabado en ing + complementos Interrogativa: Will + sujeto + be + verbo acabado en ing + complementos

USO DE LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES

PRESENTE SIMPLE

Expresar hábitos. Cosas que hacemos frecuentemente. Por ejemplo: She goes to

school everyday. /// Para verdades absolutas. Por ejemplo: The water boils at 100ºC

negrees. /// Para horarios de transportes. Por ejemplo: The train leaves at 5 o’clock.////

Para situaciones permanentes. Por ejemplo: Juan lives in Madrid.

PRESENTE CONTINUO

Acción que realizamos en un momento concreto del presente. Por ejemplo: I’, studying

English now. /// También lo utilizamos para expresar un futuro próximo. Por ejemplo: I

am playing football this afternoon.

PASADO SIMPLE

Acción acabada y finalizada en el pasado. Por ejemplo: I ate spaghetti yesterday.

PASADO CONTINUO

Acción que realizamos en un momento concreto del pasado. Por ejemplo: I was

studying English yesterday afternoon.

FUTURO SIMPLE

Para predicciones. Por ejemplo: Paco will pass selectividad (pero todavía no lo

sabe) ////// Para decisiones espontáneas: “Which do you prefer tea or coffee? – I will

have a coffee”.//// Para expresar acciones que se producirán 100% seguro: I will be 18

next month.

GOING TO

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http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-continuous/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-simple/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/present-continuous/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/present-simple/



Se trata de un futuro planeado porque decimos cuando se va a ejecutar la acción. Por

ejemplo: I am going to go to David’s party this weekend.

FUTURO CONTINUO

Acción que se estará realizando en un momento concreto del futuro. Ejemplo: I will be

doing my English exam next week at this time.

FUTURO PERFECTO

Acción que habrá acabado en un momento del futuro. Suele ir acompañado por la

preposición –by al principio de la frase. Por ejemplo: By the year 2044 I will have

passed 2nd Bachillerato.

PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE

Se refiere a una acción ocurrida en el pasado, pero muy cercana al presente. Por

tanto, podemos decir que el presente perfecto simple se refiere a un presente a un

pasado reciente. Por ejempo: I have been in Madrid this morning.

PASADO PERFECTO SIMPLE

Cuando tenemos dos acciones que se producen en pasado, pero una se produce

antes que la otra, el 1º pasado que ocurre se expresa en pasado perfecto simple,

mientras que el pasado que ocurre en 2º lugar se expresa con pasado simple. Por

ejemplo: By the time the police arrived the thieves had stolen everything.

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http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-perfect-simple/

http://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/present-perfect-simple/




EJERCICIOS

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EJERCICIOS DE SUSTANTIVOS

1. Escribe las siguientes palabras al plural:

BABY

TABLE

KISS

OX

THIEF

LIFE

CHAIR

FOOT

CHURCH

TOMATO

2. Escribe las siguientes oraciones en singular:

Flies are insects.

Houses in London are expensive.

Examinations are important.

Umbrellas are useful in England.

Black and white televisions are cheap.

Alligators are dangerous.

They’re interesting ideas.

Oranges are good for you.

They’re easy questions.

Supermarkets are usually big.

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EJERCICIOS COMPARATIVOS YSUPERLATIVOS

1. Complete the adjectives using the comparative form

1. It´s too noisy here. Can we go to a ……………………. (quiet) place?2. The hotel was …………………….. (big) than that in which we stayed last year.3. Your work is …………………….. (good) than mine.4. The accident could have been …………………… (bad) than it was.5. I was …………………….. (nervous) in my exam yesterday than Mark.6. I´d like to have a ……………………….. (fast) car. The one I have now is really old.7. Last week it was really hot. Today is …………………….. (cold) than then.

2. Which is correct?

1. We have an older / more old brother who lives in Miami.2. Her illness is more serious / most serious than what the doctors expected.3. I like warm weather. If the weather is more cold / colder, I feel ill.4. This dress is more beautiful / the most beautiful than that.5. He is richest / richer than Arthur.6. This road is farther / further than the motorway.7. Was the TV programme bad /worse than the film?

3. Complete the sentences using the superlative form of the adjectives 1. It´s a very nice house. It´s …………………………house in the street.2. This is a cheap restaurant. It´s ………………………. I´ve ever been.3. It was a very valuable painting. I´m sure it was …………………………… painting in the gallery.4. She´s a very good tennis player. Her trainer says she is ………………………5. He´s a very dangerous criminal. The police say he is ………………………. inthe country.6. We should buy him a beautiful present. Last year we gave him ……………………… gift of all in his birthday.

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4. Write the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in these

sentences

1. She was a very intelligent student. She was…………………………. girl in her class.2. It´s a very old castle. Experts argued it is …………………………. in Britain.3. I´m going to sleep on the sofa. The floor is ………………………… (uncomfortable) than it.4. This new job is ……………………….. (important) for me than the last I had.5. Living in the countryside is …………………………… (healthy) than leaving in town.6. These instructions were …………………………. (difficult) I have ever read.

EJERCICIO PRONOBRES Y ADJETIVOSPOSESIVOS

1. Elige un pronombre personal o con un adjetivo posesivo:

1. She is playing with our / us 2. I have got me / my books in the car. 3. Do you want to go with him / his to the party? 4. Is this your / yours? can i have mine / my, please? 5. I work with they / them in their / them bar.

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EJERCICIOS VERBO TO BE

1. Completa con am, is o are 1. Bob ______ clever. 2. You ______ not a good dancer. 3. The car ______ new. 4. Ted and Bill ______ brothers. 5. I ______ a good student. 6. It ______ an old house. The rooms ______ not big.

2. Escribe estas oraciones de forma contraída 1. She is not a good student. 2. You are not in class. 3. I am not sad. 4. We are not at home. 5. It is not hot today. 6. Robert is not a football player.

3. Escribe las preguntas

1. She is happy. 2. The telephone is on the table. 3. The cats are outside. 4. We are near the school. 5. My sister is on holiday. 6. He is a reporter.

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4. Corrige los errores. 1. Carol and I is in the photo. 2. The school is big? 3. The boys is tall. 4. The sun are yellow. 5. It is a apple. 6. We am students.

5. Completa con la forma correcta del verbo to be 1. She _____ a doctor. 2. It _____ an elephant. 3. Barbara _____ a student. She _____ a teacher. 4. Sue and Tim _____ at school. 5. You _____ in Year 1. 6. Mum and dad _____ at work. 7. ______ it Monday today? 8. _____ they at the zoo?

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PRESENTE SIMPLE

1. Completa las oraciones con presente simple.

- She _______ (think) Manuel _______ (be) crazy.- They _______ (not know) what to say.- _______ (she / feel) ok?- He ________ (not be) a relative of mine.- I _________ (not know) who she ________ (be).- She _______ (wash) her car every week.- Paul ________ (sleep) seven hours a day.- Mary and John ________ (be) my cousins.- She always ________ (win).- James ________ (cry) very easily.- She _________ (pray) in church every Sunday.- Sarah _________ (not like) pop music.- ________ (John / play) football everyday?- ________ (she / be) a friend of yours?- ________ (they / be) in love?- ________ (Mary / believe) in God?- Who ________ (be) your favourite football player?

2. Responde las siguientes preguntas en afirmativa y negativa con respuestas cortas

- Do you play tennis?- Does she play tennis?- Is he a lawyer?- Are you a teacher?- Does he go to school?- Is Marvin a doctor?- Are you a student?- Does she speak English?- Does she play golf?- Do you like cheese?

3. Pasa a negativa e interrogativa las siguientes oraciones - I play tennis- He lives in London- You are good- He is a teacher- They live in England

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- Joe is a doctor- Mary is a lawyer- They have two cars- We are in London- Molly likes to flirt

EJERCICIOS PRESENTECONTINUO

1. Traduce estas oraciones Estamos jugando a las cartas ¿Jeremy and Jane están viendo la tele en casa esta noche? No estoy planeando nada para hoy ¿La madre de John no está cocinando?

2. Completa en afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa She_____________(eat) because she ate before.Where_____________(they/go) tonight?I_________________(study)to pass my exam tomorrow.What_______________(you/do)? Don´t drink that.

3. Inventa tres frases en presente continuo con estos verbos (play/ dance/ wear)

1-2-3-

4. Elige entre presente simple o continuo y traduce las oraciones Where__________(she/go)? She has to study. I___________(drink) water.I am thirsty. He___________(always/study) alone. ___________________(Pepe and she/watch) documentaries?

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My cat_____________(sleep) very well. I_______________(go) anywhere, I am at home. She____________(kiss) him, look at them! I______________(think) I will go. I_______________(use) headache tablets this week.

PRESENTE SIMPLE VS. CONTINUO

1. Completa con presente simple o presente continuo

The phone ______ (ring). Can you answer it? Where ______ (you / come) from? Why _____ (she/cry)? Because she hurt herself. What _____ (you/do)? I’m a teacher. What _____ (she/ wear)? A bikini and sunglasses. Where is he? He ____ (do) his homework. How many hours ____ (they / work) a week? How often ____ (you / have) a bath? What time ____ (this programme / end)? _____ (you / know) the answer? _____ (you / remember) his name? _____ (she / like) what she is eating?

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PASADO SIMPLE – EJERCICIOS

1. Completa las oraciones con pasado simple

- My father _______ (go) to work by car yesterday.- This morning I _______ (have) a shower.- My sister________ (not clean) her room on Saturday.- The birds ________ (fly) over our heads.- Last week my family _______ (buy) a new table for the dinning room.- The other day, I ________ (lose) my math’s book.- I ______ (tell) my mother a lie.- We _______ (hear) a terrible sound outside last night.- ________ (you / see) football match Tuesday night?- Paul _______ (drink) a litre of coke for lunch yesterday.

2. Pasa a negativa e interrogativa las siguientes oraciones

- Paul went to the cinema yesterday- Mary went to school alone last week.- She was at home.- Paul eat too much salad yesterday night.- Mario washed his car yesterday.

3. Responde las siguientes preguntas en afirmativa y negativa utilizando respuestas cortas.

- Did you go home early?- Was Ann at Paul’s house on Monday?- Did you travel together?

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PASADO CONTINUO –EJERCICIOS

1. Completa las siguientes oraciones con pasado continuo.

- She _______ (play) basketball yesterday at five o’clock.- We _______ (study) hard yesterday afternoon.- They ______ (watch) TV when I arrived.- The thieves ________ (steal) when the police arrived.- They ______ (smoke) yesterday in the morning.

2. Pasa a negativa e interrogativa las oraciones del ejercicio anterior

-----

3. Completa con pasado simple o pasado continuo

- She ______ (sit)on a chair and watching TV.- We waved at him, but he _______ (look).- When I was Young I ______ (want) to be a pilot.- What _______ (happen) after that?- _______ (you / see) Jane last night?- She ______ (wear) her new jacket when I saw her.- I ______ (see) you walking in the park this morning.- I got up at seven and then I _____ (have) a big breakfast.- ______ (you/go) to the restaurant yesterday evening?- I left the cinema before the film ended. I _____ (not enjoy) it.- When ______ (she / start) learning English? – Five years ago.- How much _____(it/cost) to fly to Paris?- Mr. Brown ______ (have) a shower when I knocked his door.- I turn the radio off. Nobody _______ (listen) to it.- She was a beautiful woman. She always _______ (attract) a lot of men.

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EJERCICIO WILL / GOING TO

1. Completa con fututo simple o going to.

- I ______ (get married) next year.- These schoes are very dirty. I ______ (clean) them.- As soon as I arrive, I ______ (send) you a postcard.- This car is very old. I ______ (buy) a new one.- If you don't leave, I ______ (call) the police. - I ______ (take) the state exam next year.- Is she helps you with your homework, I _______ (tell) the teacher.- I ______ (be) thirty next month.- I have a special plan for the weekend. I ______ (learn) how to make a cake.

PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE – EJERCICIOS

1. Completa con presente perfecto simple

- She __________ (already/finish) her English exercises. - Paul ________ (just/eat). He doesn’t want to eat any more. - _______ (you/ever/be) in London? - Kate ______ (never/go) to Australia. - ________ (you/hear) the news yet? - Mary _______ (bye) a new house. - Paul and Mary ______ (find) a job in Switzerland. - Tom ______ (celebrate) her birthday this morning. - ________ (you/ever/see) a Kangaroo? I saw one last year. - ________ (she/paint) her grandmother’s house yet?

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EJERCICIOS –PRESENTE PERFECTOCONTINUO

1. Make sentences with the present perfect continuous, using the words given.

I/ work She / not / feel / very well What / you / do? How long / they / live there? People / wait for a long time He / not / play / badly Who / you / talk to? Our telephone / not / work

2. Rewrite these sentences in the present perfect continuous using for and since:

1. He started working here six months ago. 2. I began painting the house last Monday. 3. You sat down an hour ago. 4. They first went out together last July. 5. We came to live here in 1983. 6. She learnt to speak English when she was ten. 7. You started to read that paper an hour ago. 8. I first smoked when I was about fifteen.

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CONDICIONALES

1. Completa con el tipo de condicional apropiado.

If I _______ (know) the truth I wouldn’t have said those stupid words. If I _______ (have) more money I would buy a new house. John will come if Mary _______ (call) him. If I ______ (be) you, I would visit Ann. You ______ (not arrive) on time unless you hurry up. If I study harder I ______ (pass) my two exams tomorrow. Rose ______ (come) if you hadn’t been so stupid with her. If you heat the water, it ______ (boil). Maria’s baby would sleep if you ______ (keep) silence. Vanessa will pass her exams if she ______ (feel) confident.

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EJERCICIO – ESTILO INDIRECTO

1. Pasa las siguientes oraciones a estilo indirecto

1. "The boss must sign the letter", Jean said.2."Our teacher will go to Madrid tomorrow", Emily said.3. "I was writing a letter yesterday", Helen told me.4. "Tim went to the Stadium yesterday", Peter said.5. "My mother will celebrate her birthday next week", Pablo told me.6. "John had already gone at six", David said.7. "Are the boys reading a book?" Mandy asked me.8. "Where are you playing football today?", Jennifer asked.9. "Did Max fly to London two weeks ago?", Paul asked.10. Where are my glasses? My grandmother asked me.11. "Clean the blue bike", Andrew told me.12. "Write a text message", Jessica told me.13. "Don't play football in the garden!", Karen told me.14. "Don't forget to do your work!", the teacher told me.

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EJERCICIO VOZ PASIVA

1. Turn the following sentences into passive voice

1. They had won the race.2. He has seen two bulls this morning.3. I was buying the newspaper when I saw Mary this morning.4. They are buying a new house this afternoon.5. Paul has sold his two cars.6. I put the glasses on the table.7. I was feeding the animal yesterday at 10 o'clock.8. They had been painting the house on Monday.9. She has given Paul a kiss this morning.10. They hid the treasure a long time ago.11. We listened to a strong noise coming from the street.12. They are studying English right now.13. They drank two pints at Paul's house.14. They found two fossils of Mammoth.15. I didn't recognize Mary at first sight.16. I don't know her.17. He was driving his car when I phoned her.18. They have stolen all the food.20. You can't park cars in here.21. You can't take photographs in this place.22. The school must change these rules.23. You should repair the stairs.24. I have to mend this watch.25. The nurse examined the patient.26. My song cleaned the windows.27. The fire destroyed the building.28. That dog bit the boy.29. Paul has written her a letter this week.30. Many people speak French in Canada.31. The police found the thief in that house.32. The owner of the shop had left his dog outside.33. The manager is going to offer Sue a job.34. A local radio station is reporting the event.

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EJERCICIO - RELATIVOS

1. Completa las siguientes oraciones con un pronombre relativo George, _________ father is a doctor, is a nice boy. This is the animal _______ John saw last week. He is the boy _______ broke the window. I don’t understand the reason _______ he got so angry. ________ you say is false. I strongly disagree. That is the school ________ Andrew works. Mary, ______ was eighteen yesterday, is one of my best friends. The table, ______ you broke yesterday, was bought by my grandmother. I don’t understand _______ you say. Could you repeat it? That is the dog _______ I told you yesterday.

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SOLUCIONES

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SOLUCIONES EL PLURAL

1. Transforma al plural las siguientes palabras.

BABY BABIES

TABLE TABLES

KISS KISSES

OX OXEN

THIEF THIEVES

LIFE LIVES

CHAIR CHAIRS

FOOT FEET

CHURCH CHURCHES

TOMATO TOMATOES

2. Escribe las siguientes oraciones en singular.

Flies are insects.

A fly is an insect

Houses in London are expensive.

A house in London is expensive

Examinations are important.

An examination is important.

Umbrellas are useful in England.

An umbrella is useful in England.

Black and white televisions are cheap.

A black and white television is cheap.

Alligators are dangerous.

An alligator is dangerous.

They’re interesting ideas.

It’s an interesting idea.

Oranges are good for you.

An orange is good for you.

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They’re easy questions.

It’s an easy question.

Supermarkets are usually big.

A supermarket is big.

SOLUCIONES EJERCICIOS COMPARATIVO &SUPERLATIVO

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1. Complete the adjectives using the comparative form 1. It´s too noisy here. Can we go to a QUIETER (quiet) place?2. The hotel was BIGGER (big) than that in which we stayed last year.3. Your work is BETTER (good) than mine.4. The accident could have been WORSE (bad) than it was.5. I was MORE NERVOUS (nervous) in my exam yesterday than Mark.6. I´d like to have a FASTER (fast) car. The one I have now is really old.7. Last week it was really hot. Today is COLDER (cold) than then.

2. Which is correct? 1. We have AN OLDER / more old brother who lives in Miami.2. Her illness is MORE SERIOUS / most serious than what the doctors expected.3. I like warm weather. If the weather is more cold / COLDER, I feel ill.4. This dress is MORE BEAUTIFUL / the most beautiful than that.5. He is richest / RICHER than Arthur.6. This road is farther / FURTHER than the motorway.7. Was the TV programme bad /WORSE than the film?

3. Complete the sentences using the superlative form of the adjectives 1. It´s a very nice house. It´s THE NICEST house in the street.2. This is a cheap restaurant. It´s THE CHEAPEST I´ve ever been.3. It was a very valuable painting. I´m sure it was THE MOST VALUABLE painting in the gallery.4. She´s a very good tennis player. Her trainer says she is THE BEST5. He´s a very dangerous criminal. The police says he is THE MOST DANGEROUS in the country.6. We should buy him a beautiful present. Last year we gave him THE MOST BEAUTIFUL gift of all in his birthday.

4. Write the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in these sentences

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1. She was a very intelligent student. She was THE MOST INTELLIGENT girlin her class.2. It´s a very old castle. Experts argued it is THE OLDEST in Britain.3. I´m going to sleep on the sofa. The floor is MORE UNCOMFORTABLE (uncomfortable) than it.4. This new job is MORE IMPORTANT (important) for me than the last I had.5. Living in the countryside is HEALTHIER (healthy) than leaving in town.6. These instructions were THE MOST DIFFICULT (difficult) ones I have ever read.

SOLUCIÓN – EJERCICIO DE PRONOMBRES

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1. Elige un pronombre personal o con un adjetivo posesivo: 1. She is playing with our / us 2. I have got me / my books in the car. 3. Do you want to go with him / his to the party? 4. Is this your / yours? can i have mine / my, please? 5. I work with they / them in their / them bar.

SOLUCIONES EJERCICIOS TO BE

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1. Completa con am, is o are 1. Bob IS clever. 2. You ARE not a good dancer. 3. The car IS new. 4. Ted and Bill ARE brothers. 5. I AM a good student. 6. It IS an old house. The rooms ARE not big.

2. Escribe estas oraciones de forma contraída

1. She is not a good student. SHE ISN'T A GOOD STUDENT / SHE'S NOT A GOOD STUDENT2. You are not in class. YOU AREN'T IN CLASS / YOU'RE NOT IN CLASS3. I am not sad. I'M NOT SAD4. We are not at home. WE AREN'T AT HOME / WE'RE NOT AT HOME5. It is not hot today. IT ISN'T HOT TODAY / IT'S NOT HOT TODAY6. Robert is not a football player.ROBERT ISN'T A FOOTBALL PLAYER / ROBERT'S NOT A FOOTBALL PLAYER

3. Escribe las preguntas

1. She is happy. IS SHE HAPPY?2. The telephone is on the table. IS THE TELEPHONE ON THE TABLE?3. The cats are outside. ARE THE CATS OUTSIDE?4. We are near the school. ARE WE NEAR THE SCHOOL?5. My sister is on holiday. IS MY SISTER ON HOLIDAY?

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6. He is a reporter. IS HE A REPORTER?

4. Corrige los errores 1. Carol and I is in the photo. CAROL AND I ARE IN THE PHOTO2. The school is big? IS THE SCHOOL BIG?3. The boys is tall. THE BOYS ARE TALL4. The sun are yellow. THE SUN IS YELLOW5. It is a apple. IT IS AN APPLE6. We am students. WE ARE STUDENTS

5. Completa con la forma correcta del verbo to be 1. She IS a doctor. 2. It IS an elephant. 3. Barbara ISN'T a student. She IS a teacher. 4. Sue and Tim ARE at school. 5. You ARE in Year 1. 6. Mum and dad ARE at work. 7. IS it Monday today? 8. ARE they at the zoo?

SOLUCIONES EJERCICIO 1 PRESENTESIMPLE

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1. Completa las oraciones con presente simple - She THINKS (think) Manuel IS (be) crazy.- They DON'T KNOW (not know) what tos ay.- DOES SHE FEEL (she / feel) ok?- He ISN'T (not be) a relative of mine.- I DON'T KNOW (not know) who she IS (be).- She WASHES (wash) her car every week.- Paul SLEEPS (sleep) seven hours a day.- Mary and John ARE (be) my cousins.- She always WINS (win).- James CRIES (cry) very easily.- She PRAYS (pray) in church every Sunday.- Sarah DOEN'T LIKE (not like) pop music.- DOES JOHN PLAY (John / play) football everyday?- IS SHE (she / be) a friend of yours?- ARE THEY (they / be) in love?- DOES MARY BELIEVE (Mary / believe) in God?- Who IS (be) your favourite football player?

2. Responde las siguientes preguntas en afirmativa y negativa con respuestas cortas

- Do you play tennis? YES, I DO / NO, I DON'T- Does she play tennis? YES, SHE DOES / NO, SHE DOESN'T- Is he a lawyer? YES, HE IS / NO, HE ISN'T- Are you a teacher? YES, I AM / NO, I AM NOT- Does he go to school? YES, HE DOES / NO, HE DOESN'T- Is Marvin a doctor? YES, HE IS / NO, HE ISN'T- Are you a student? YES, I AM / NO, I AM NOT- Does she speak English? YES, SHE DOES / NO, SHE DOESN'T - Does she play golf? YES, SHE DOES / NO, SHE DOESN'T - Do you like cheese? YES, I DO / NO, I DON'T

3. Pasa a negativa e interrogativa las siguientes oraciones - I play tennis . I DON'T PLAY TENNIS / DO YOU PLAY TENNIS? (lo lógico en interrogativa es decir "do you" porque "do I" sería una pregunta retórica, puesto que te estarías preguntando a ti mismo, y lo cual tambíén dependiendo del contexto sería correcto)- He lives in London HE DOESN'T LIVE IN LONDON / DOES HE LIVE INLONDON?

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- You are good YOU AREN'T GOOD / ARE YOU GOOD?- He is a teacher HE ISN'T A TEACHER / IS HE A TEACHER?- They live in England THEY DON'T LIVE IN ENGLAND / DO THEY LIVE IN ENGLAND- Joe is a doctor JOES ISN'T A DOCTOR / IS JOE A DOCTOR- Mary is a lawyer MARY ISN'T A LAWYER / IS MARY A LAWYER?- They have two cars THEY DON'T HAVE TWO CARS / DO THEY HAVE TWO CARS?- We are in London WE AREN'T IN LONDON / ARE WE IN LONDON?- Molly likes to flirt MOLLY DOESN'T LIKE TO FLIRT / DOES MOLLY LIKE TO FLIRT?

SOLUCIÓN EJERCICIO 2 PRESENTE SIMPLEVS.CONTINUO

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1. Completa con presente simple o continuo: The phone IS RINGING (ring). Can you answer it? Where DO YOU COME (you / come) from? Why IS SHE CRYING (she/cry)? Because she hurt herself. What DO YOU DO (you/do)? I’m a teacher. (Recuerdo que la pregunta significa "¿A qué te dedicas?) What IS SHE WEARING (she/ wear)? A bikini and sunglasses. Where is he? HE IS DOING (do) his homework. How many hours DO THEY WORK (they / work) a week? How often DO YOU HAVE (you / have) a bath? What time DOES THIS PROGRAMME END (this programme / end)? DO YOU KNOW (you / know) the answer? DO YOU REMEMBER (you / remember) his name? DOES SHE LIKE (she / like) what she is eating?

SOLUCIONES EJERCICIOS PRESENTECONTINUO

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1. Traduce estas oraciones Estamos jugando a las cartasWE ARE PLAYING CARDS¿Jeremy and Jane están viendo la tele en casa esta noche?ARE JEREMY AND JANE WATCHING TV AT HOME TONIGHT?No estoy planeando nada para hoy I'M NOT PLANNING ANYTHING FOR TODAY / I'M PLANNING NOTHING FORTODAY¿La madre de John no está cocinando?ISN'T JOHN'S MOTHER COOKING?

2. Completa en afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa She IS EATING (eat) because she ate before.Where ARE THEY GOING (they/go) tonight?I AM STUDYING (study)to pass my exam tomorrow.What ARE THEY DOING (you/do)? Don´t drink that.

3. Inventa tres frases en presente continuo con estos verbos (play/ dance/ wear)

1- HE IS PLAYING THE GUITAR RIGHT NOW2- SHE IS DANCING REALLY WELL TODAY3- MARY IS WEARING A NICE DRESS

4. Elige entre presente simple o continuo Where IS SHE GOING(she/go)? She has to study. I AM DRINKING(drink) water.I am thirsty.

He ALWAYS STUDIES (always/study) alone. ARE THEY WATHING / DO THEY WATCH(Pepe and she/watch) documentaries?(Si interpretamos que están viendo documentales en un momentoconcreto, contestamos con continuo. Por el contrario, si lo que queremos expresar es que ellos tienen el hábito de ver documentales, utilizamos el simple. Algunas oraciones, en las que no aparece adverbio alguno, podrían interpretarse los dos casos. Sin embargo si en la oración hubiese un "usually" sería en simple. Si hubieseun "right now" sería continuo. My cat SLEEPS (sleep) very well. (Es simple porque nos referimos a un hábito. "Mi gato duerme bien" (normalmente) I AM NOT GOING (go) anywhere, I am at home. (La acción ser refiere a un momento concreto, al momento justo en el que se dice la frase. Por tanto, nunca sería un hábito, y se considera Presente continuo She IS KISSING (kiss) him, look at them! (Las oraciones exclamativas, se refieren a situaciones aisladas, a momentos concretos. Por eso, se expresan en presente continuo) I THINK(think) I will go. (Es presente simple. Simplemente, describimos un hecho)

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I AM USING(use) headache tablets this week. (La expresión temporal "this week", nos dice que la acción se refiere a un futuro cercarno, y a un momento determinado o concreto, como lo es esta semana. Esta oración nunca sería simple porque no indica ningún hábito o repetición)

SOLUCIÓN EJERCICIO PASADOSIMPLE

1. Completa las oraciones con pasado simple - My father WENT (go) to work by car yesterday.- This morning I HAD (have) a shower.

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- My sister DIDN'T CLEAN (not clean) her room on Saturday.- The birds FLEW (fly) over our heads.- Last week my family BOUGHT (buy) a new table for the dinning room.- The other day, I LOST (lose) my math’s book.- I TOLD (tell) my mother a lie.- We HEARD (hear) a terrible sound outside last night.- DID YOU SEE (you / see) football match Tuesday night?- Paul DRANK (drink) a litre of coke for lunch yesterday.

2. Pasa a negativa e interrogativa las siguientes oraciones - Paul went to the cinema yesterday PAUL DIDN'T TO SCHOOL YESTERDAY / DID PAUL GO TO SCHOOL YESTERDAY- Mary went to school alone last week. MARY DIDN'T GO TO SHOOL ALONE LAST WEEK / DID MARY GO ALONE TO SCHOOL LAST WEEK- She was at home. SHE WASN'T AT HOME / WAS SHE AT HOME?- Paul eat too much salad yesterday night. PAUL DIDN'T EAT TOO MUCH SALAD YESTERDAY NIGHT / DID PAUL EAT TOO MUCH SALAD YESTERDAY NIGHT?- Mario washed his car yesterday. MARIO DIDN'T WASH HIS CAR YESTERDAY / DID MARIO WASH HIS CAR YESTERDAY?

3. Responde las siguientes preguntas en afirmativa y negativa utilizando respuestas cortas

- Did you go home early? YES, I DID / NO, I DIDN'T- Was Ann at Paul’s house on Monday? YES ANN WAS / NO, ANN WASN'T- Did you travel together? YES, I DID / NO, I DIDN'T

SOLUCIÓN PASADO CONTINUO

1. Completa las siguientes oraciones con pasado continuo - She WAS PLAYING (play) basketball yesterday at five o’clock.

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- We WERE STUDYING (study) hard yesterday afternoon.- They WERE WATCHING (watch) TV when I arrived.- The thieves WERE STEALING (steal) when the police arrived.- They WERE SMOKING (smoke) yesterday in the morning.

2. Pasa a negativa e interrogativa las oraciones del ejercicio anterior - SHE WASN'T PLAYING BASKETBALL YESTERDAY AT 5 O'CLOCK / WAS SHEPLAYING BASKETBALL YESTERDAY AT FIVE?- WE WEREN'T STUDYING HARD YESTERDAY AFTERNOON / WERE WE STUDYING HARD YESTERDAY AFTERNOON?- THEY WEREN'T WATCHING / WERE THEY WATCHING TV WHEN I ARRIVED?- THE THIEVES WEREN'T STEALING WHEN THE POLICE ARRIVED / WERE THE THIEVES STEALING WHEN THE POLICE ARRIVED?- THEY WEREN'T SMOKING YESTERDAY IN THE MORNING / WERE THEY STEALING WHEN THE POLICE ARRIVED.

3. Completa con pasado simple o pasado continuo

- She WAS SITTING (sit)on a chair and watching TV.- We waved at him, but he WASN'T LOOKING (look).- When I was Young I WANTED (want) to be a pilot.- What HAPPENED (happen) after that?- DID YOU SEE (you / see) Jane last night?- She WAS WEARING (wear) her new jacket when I saw her.- I SAW (see) you walking in the park this morning.- I got up at seven and then I HAD (have) a big breakfast.- DID YOU GO (you/go) to the restaurant yesterday?- I left the cinema before the film ended. I WASN'T ENJOYING (not enjoy) it.- When DID SHE START (she / start) learning English? – Five years ago.- How much DOES IT COST (it/cost) to fly to Paris?- Mr. Brown WAS HAVING (have) a shower when I knocked his door.- I turn the radio off. Nobody WAS LISTENING (listen) to it.- She was a beautiful woman. She always ATTRACTED (attract) a lot of men.

SOLUCIÓN EJERCICIO WILL / GOINGTO

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1. Completa con fututo simple o going to

- I AM GOING TO GET / WILL GET MARRIED (get married) next year. (Ambas posibilidades son correctas, dependiendo de si lo consideramos una predicción o algo ya planeado)- These schoes are very dirty. I WILL CLEAN (clean) them. (Decisión espontánea)- As soon as I arrive, I WILL SEND (send) you a postcard. (Predicción)- This car is very old. I WILL BUY (buy) a new one. (Decisión espontánea)- If you don't leave, I WILL CALL (call) the police. (1º tipo de condicional)- I WILL TAKE /AM GOING TO TAKE (take) the state exam next year. (Ambas posibilidades son correctas, dependiendo de si lo consideramos una predicción o algo ya planeado)- If she helps you with your homework, I WILL TELL (tell) the teacher. (Primer tipo de condicional)- I WILL BE (be) thirty next month. (Acción segura)- I have a special plan for the weekend. I AM GOING TO LEARN (learn) howto make a cake. (plan)

SOLUCIÓN EJERCICIO PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE

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1. COMPLETA CON PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE

- She HAS ALREADY FINISHED (already/finish) her English exercises. - Paul HAS JUST EATEN (just/eat). He doesn’t want to eat any more. - HAVE YOU EVER BEEN (you/ever/be) in London? - Kate HAS NEVER GONE (never/go) to Australia. - HAVE YOU HEARD (you/hear) the news yet? - Mary HAS BOUGHT (bye) a new house. - Paul and Mary HAVE FOUND (find) a job in Switzerland. - Tom HAS CELEBRATED (celebrate) her birthday this morning. - HAVE YOU EVER SEEN (you/ever/see) a Kangaroo? I saw one last year. - HAS SHE PAINTED (she/paint) her grandmother’s house yet?

SOLUCIONES PRESENTE PERFECTOCONTINUO

1. Make sentences with the present perfect continuous, using the words given

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I / WORKI HAVE BEEN WORKINGSHE / NOT / FEEL / VERY WELLHE HASN'T BEEN FEELING VERY WELLWHAT / YOU / DO?WHAT HAVE YOU BEEN DOINGHOW LONG / THEY / LIVE THERE?HOW LONG HAVE THEY LIVED THERE?PEOPLE / WAIT FOR A LONG TIMEPEOPLE HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR A LONG TIMEHE / NOT / PLAY / BADLYHE HASN'T BEEN PLAYING BADLYWHO / YOU / TALK TO?WHO HAVE YOU BEEN TALKING TO?OUR TELEPHONE / NOT / WORK OUR TELEPHONE HASN'T BEEN WORKING

2. Rewrite these sentences in the present perfect continuous using for and since:

1. He started working here six months ago.He has been working here for six months.2. I began painting the house last Monday.I have been painting the house since last Monday.3. You sat down an hour ago.You have been sitting down for an hour.4. They first went out together last July.They have been going out since last July.5. We came to live here in 1983.We have been living here since 1983.6. She learnt to speak English when she was ten.He has been learning to speak English since she was ten.7. You started to read that paper an hour ago.You have been reading that paper for an hour.8. I first smoked when I was about fifteen.I have been smolking since I was about fifteen.

SOLUCIONES EJERCICIOCONDICIONALES

1. Completa las siguientes oraciones utilizando los tres tipos de oraciones condicionales

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If I HAD KNOWN (know) the truth I wouldn’t have said those stupid words. If I HAD (have) more money I would buy a new house. John will come if Mary CALLS (call) him. If I WERE (be) you, I would visit Ann. You WON'T ARRIVE (not arrive) on time unless you hurry up. If I study harder I WILL PASS (pass) my two exams tomorrow. Rose WOULD HAVE COME (come) if you hadn’t been so stupid with her. If you heat the water, it BOILS (boil). Maria’s baby would sleep if you KEPT (keep) silence. Vanessa will pass her exams if she FEELS (feel) confident.

SOLUCIONES ESTILO INDIRECTO

PASA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES A ESTILO INDIRECTO

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1. "The boss must sign the letter", Jean said.JEAN SAID (THAT) THE BOSS HAD TO SIGN THE LETTER ("That" entre paréntesis indica que se puede omitir la palabra)2."Our teacher will go to Madrid tomorrow", Emily said.EMILY SAID (THAT) THEIR TEACHER WOULD GO TO MADRID THE FOLLOWING DAY.3. "I was writing a letter yesterday", Helen told me.HELEN TOLD ME (THAT) SHE HAD BEEN WRITING A LETTER THE DAY BEFORE.4. "Tim went to the Stadium yesterday", Peter said.PETER SAID (THAT) TIM HAD GONE TO THE STADIUM THE DAY BEFORE.5. "My mother will celebrate her birthday next week", Pablo told me.PABLO TOLD ME (THAT) HIS MOTHER WOULD CELEBRATE HER BIRHTDAY THE FOLLOWING WEEK.6. "John had already gone at six", David said.DAVID SAID (THAT) JOHN HAD ALREADY GONE AT SIX"7. "Are the boys reading a book?" Mandy asked me.MANDY ASKED ME IF THE BOYS WERE READING A BOOK.8. "Where are you playing football today?", Jennifer asked.JENNIFER ASKED WHERE I WAS PLAYING FOOTBALL THAT DAY.9. "Did Max fly to London two weeks ago?", Paul asked.PAUL ASKED IF MAX HAD FLOWN TO LONDON TWO WEEKS BEFORE.10. Where are my glasses? My grandmother asked me.MY GRANDMOTHER ASKED ME WHERE HER GLASSES WERE.11. "Clean the blue bike", Andrew told me.ANDREW TOLD ME TO CLEAN THE BLUE BIKE.12. "Write a text message", Jessica told me.JESSICA TOLD ME TO WRITE A TEXT MESSAGE.13. "Don't play football in the garden!", Karen told me.KAREN TOLD ME NOT TO PLAY FOOTBALL IN THE GARDEN.14. "Don't forget to do your work!", the teacher told me.THE TEACHER TOLD ME NOT TO FORGET TO DO MY WORK.

SOLUCIÓN EJERCICIO VOZ PASIVA

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1. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE VOICE 1. They had won the race.THE RACE HAD BEEN WON.2. He has seen two bulls this morning.TWO BULLS HAVE BEEN SEEN THIS MORNING.3. I was buying the newspaper when I saw Mary this morning.THE NEWSPAPER WAS BEING BOUGHT WHEN MARY WAS SEEN THIS MORNING4. They are buying a new house this afternoon.A NEW HOUSE IS BEING BOUGHT THIS AFTERNOON5. Paul has sold his two cars.HIS TWO CARS HAVE BEEN SOLD6. I put the glasses on the table.THE GLASSES ARE PUT ON THE TABLE / THE GLASSES WERE PUT ON THE TABLE7. I was feeding the animal yesterday at 10 o'clock.THE ANIMAL WAS BEING FED YESTERDAY AT 10 O'CLOCK8. They had been painting the house on Monday.THE HOUSE HAD BEEN PAINTED ON MONDAY.9. She has given Paul a kiss this morning.PAUL HAS BEEN GIVEN A KISS THIS MORNING / A KISS HAS BEEN GIVEN TO PAUL THIS MORNING10. They hid the treasure a long time ago.THE TREASURE WAS HIDDEN A LONG TIME AGO.11. We listened to a strong noise coming from the street.A STRONG NOISE WAS LISTENED TO COMING FROM THE STREET.12. They are studying English right now.ENGLISH IS BEING STUDIED RIGHT NOW.13. They drank two pints at Paul's house.TWO PINTS WERE DRUNK AT PAUL'S HOUSE.14. They found two fossils of Mammoth.TWO FOSSILS OF MAMMOUTH WERE FOUND.15. I didin't recognize Mary at first sight.MARY WASN'T RECOGNIZED AT FIRST SIGHT.16. I don't know her.SHE WASN'T KNOWN.17. He was driving his car when I phoned her.HIS CAR WAS BEEN DRIVEN WHEN SHE WAS PHONED.18. They have stolen all the food.ALL THE FOOD HAS BEEN STOLEN.20. You can't park cars in here.CARS CAN'T BE PARKED IN HERE.

21. You can't take photographs in this place.PHOTOGRAPHS CAN'T BE TAKEN IN THIS PLACE.22. The school must change these rules.THE RULES MUST BE CHANGED BY SCHOOL (En esta oración el -by no se omite porque se relevante para el significado final de la oración)23. You should repair the stairs.THE STAIRS SHOULD BE REPAIRED.

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24. I have to mend this watch.THIS WATCH HAS TO BE MENDED.25. The nurse examined the patient.THE PATIENT WAS EXAMINED BY THE NURSE (El -by no se omite, es relevante parael significado)26. My song cleaned the windows.THE WINDOWS WERE CLEANED.27. The fire destroyed the building.THE BUIDING WAS DESTROYED BY THE FIRE (El -by no se omite, es relevante parael significado)28. That dog bit the boy.THE BOY WAS BITTEN BY THAT DOG (El -by no se omite, es relevante para el significado)29. Paul has written her a letter this week.SHE HAS BEEN WRITTEN A LETTER THIS WEEK / A LETTER HAS BEEN WRITTEN TO PAUL THIS WEEK.30. Many people speak French in Canada.FRENCH IS SPOKEN IN CANADA31. The police found the thief in that house.THE THIEF WAS FOUND IN THAT HOUSE BY THE POLICE (El -by no se omite, es relevante para el significado)32. The owner of the shop had left his dog outside.HIS DOG HAS BEEN LEFT OUTSIDE33. The manager is going to offer Sue a job.SUE IS GOING TO BE OFFERED A JOB / A JOB IS GOING TO BE OFFEREN TO SUE.34. A local radio station is reporting the event.THE EVENT IS BEING REPORTED BY A LOCAL RADIO (el -by no se omite, es relevante para el significado)

SOLUCIÓN EJERCICIO RELATIVOS

1. Completa las siguientes oraciones con un pronombre relativo George, WHOSE father is a doctor, is a nice boy.

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This is the animal (WHICH / THAT) John saw last week. (El relativo puede omitirse) He is the boy THAT / WHO broke the window. I don’t understand the reason WHY he got so angry. WHAT you say is false. I strongly disagree. (Para los hablantes de español, es bueno traducir el WHAT por "lo que" para entender mejor el significado de la oración) That is the school WHERE Andrew works. Mary, WHO was eighteen yesterday, is one of my best friends. (Nunca podríaser THAT, porque THAT no se puede poner después de coma. Es una regla). The table, WHICH you broke yesterday, was bought by my grandmother. (Nunca podría ser THAT, porque THAT no se puede poner después de coma. Es una regla). I don’t understand WHAT you say. Could you repeat it? (Para los hablantes deespañol, es bueno traducir el WHAT por "lo que" para entender mejor el significado de la oración) That is the dog (WHICH / THAT) I told you yesterday. (El relativo puede omitirse)

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VOCABULARIO

PRINCIPALES ADJETIVOS DESCRIPTIVOS

77



PEOPLE CHARACTER

IMPATIENT(IMPACIENTE) /GENEROUS(GENEROSO) / PATIENT(PACIENTE) / ENVIOUS(ENVIDIOSO) CAREFUL(CUIDADOSO) / MEAN (TACAÑO) /CARELESS(DESCUIDADO) / JEALOUS (CELOSO) / CHARMING (ENCANTADOR) / ARROGANT(ARROGANTE) /CHARMLESS (SIN ENCANTO) /INNOCENT (INOCENTE) / GLAD(CONTENTO) / GUILTY(CULPABLE) /HAPPY (FELIZ) / SOCIABLE (SOCIABLE) / CHEERFUL(ALEGRE) /UNSOCIABLE(INSOCIABLE) /ANGRY(ENFADADO) / IMAGINATIVE(IMAGINATIVO) / UPSET(MOLESTO) / UNIMAGINATIVE (SIN IMAGINACIÓN) / ANNOYED (MOLESTO) /TIDY (ORDENADO) /RUDE (GROSERO) /UNTIDY (DESORDENADO) / IMPOLITE (MAL EDUCADO) / EDUCATED (CULTO/EDUCADO) / POLITE (EDUCADO)/ WISE(SABIO)/ WELL BEHAVED (DE BUEN COMPORTAMIENTO) / CLEVER (LISTO) / SHY (TÍMIDO) /INTELLIGENT (INTELIGENTE) / CONFIDENT (SEGURO DE SÍ MISMO) / BRIGHT (BRILLANTE) /CALM (TRANQUILO)/ SENSIBLE (SENSATO)/ NERVOUS (NERVIOSO)/ SANE (CUERDO) / TENSE (TENSO)/ INSANE (LOCO)/ RELAXED (RELAJADO)/ FOOLISH (TONTO) /FUSSY (EXIGENTE) /SILLY (TONTO) /TIRED (CANSADO)/ STUPID (ESTÚPIDO)/ LIVELY (ANIMADO/ALEGRE) / DUMB(TONTO/ESTUPIDO) /QUIET(TRANQUILO) /CRAZY (LOCO) /TALKATIVE (CHARLATÁN) /MAD (LOCO) / NOISY (RUIDOSO) / AMBITIOUS (AMBICIOSO) / ADVENTUROUS(AVENTURERO) / UNAMBITIOUS (SIN AMBICIÓN)/ CAUTIOUS (PRECAVIDO)/ LAZY (PEREZOSO/VAGO) / OPTIMISTIC (OPTIMISTA) /HARDWORKING (TRABAJADOR) / PESSIMISTIC (PESIMISTA)/ SELFISH (EGOÍSTA)/ UNSELFISH(GENEROSO /DESINTERESADO) / CRUEL(CRUEL) /VIOLENT (VIOLENTO)/ NICE (BONITO)/ KIND (AMABLE) / UNKIND (ANTIPÁTICO)/ TENDER (CARIÑOSO)/ SERIOUS (SERIO) / PROUD (ORGULLOSO) / FAITHFUL (FIEL) / SENSITIVE (SENSATO)/ SINCERE (SINCERO) / HONEST (HONESTO) / RELIABLE (FIABLE)

PEOPLE APPEARANCE

TALL(ALTO) / SHORT(BAJO) / FAT (GORDO) / WELL-BUILT (CORPULENTO) / THIN (DELGADO) / SLIM (DELGADO) / ELEGANT (ELEGANTE) / GOOD- LOOKING (BIEN PARECIDO / GUAPO) / BEAUTIFUL (MARAVILLOSO) / HANDSOME (GUAPO) / PRETTY (GUAPA) / LOVELY (ENCANTADOR) / UGLY (FEO) / ATTRACTIVE (ATRACTIVO) / UNATTRACTIVE (POCO ATRACTIVO) / UNTIDY (DESARREGLADO) / WAVY HAIR (PELO ONDULADO) / STRAIGHT HAIR (PELO LISO / LACIO) / CURLY HAIR (PELO RIZADO) / BLONDE HAIR (RUBIA) / FAIR HAIR (RUBIO/A) / DARK HAIR (MORENO)/ RED HAIRED (PELIRROJO) / GINGER HAIR (PELO ANARANJADO) / BALD (CALVO) /ROUND-FACED (CARA REDONDA) / THIN-FACED (CARA DELGADA) / DARK-SKINNED (MORENO DE PIEL) / PALE (PALIDO) / HEALTHY (SANO) / SICK (ENFERMO) / ILL(ENFERMO) /CONSTIPATED (ESTREÑIDO) / PREGNANT (EMBARAZADA) / DEAF(SORDO) / BLIND (CIEGO) / WEAK (DÉBIL) /INJURED (HERIDO/LESIONADO) / WOUNDED (HERIDO) / BRUISED (MAGULLADO/AMORATADO)

FOOD AND DRINK

SWEET(DULCE)/ BITTER(AMARGO)/ SOUR(AGRIO)/ HOT(CALIENTE)/ SPICY (PICANTE) / MILD(SUAVE) /SALTY (SALADO) / TASTY (SABROSO) / GREASY (GRASIENTO) / RAW (CRUDO) / OVER-COOKED (PASADO) /COOKED (COCINADO)/ FRIED (FRITO) / BOILED (HERVIDO) / BAKED (ORNEADO) / GRILLED (A LA PARRILLA) /

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BURNT (QUEMADO) / SOFT DRINK (REFRESCO) / HUNGRY (HAMBRIENTO) / FULL (LLENO) / DRUNK (BORRACHO) / STARVING (MUERTO DE HAMBRE)

WEATHER

SUNNY (SOLEADO) / CLOUDY (NUBLADO) / WINDY (VENTOSO) / STORMY (TORMENTOSO) / RAINY (LLUVIOSO) / FOGGY (NEBLINOSO) / MISTY (CON NIEBLA) / SNOWY (NEVOSO / CUBIERTO DE NIEVE) / DAMP (HÚMEDO) /WET (HÚMEDO) / DRY (SECO) / CLEAR (CLARO) / BRIGHT (BRILLANTE) / LOVELY (ENCANTADOR) / NASTY (ASQUEROSO) / FREEZING (HELADO /CONGELADO) / CHILLY (FRIO / HELADO) / COLD (FRIO) / COOL (FRESCO) / MILD (SUAVE) / WARM (CALIDO) / HOT(CALIENTE)

TIME

UP TODAY (HASTA HOY) / OUT OF DATE (CADUCADO) / EARLY (TEMPRANO) / LATE (TARDE)/ LAST (ÚLTIMO) / PUNCTUAL (PUNTUAL) / DELAYED (RETRASADO) / PERMANENT (PERMANENTE) /INTERRUPTED (INTERRUMPIDO) / URGENT(URGENTE) / FREQUENT (FRECUENTE)

MATERIAL

GOLDEN (DE ORO) / SILVER (PLATA) / IRON (HIERRO) / WOODEN (DE MADERA) / HARD(DURO) / SMOOTH (LISO) / ROUGHT (ÁSPERO) / SHARP (AFILADO) / BLUNT (DESAFILADO) / HEAVY (PESADO) / LIGHT (LIGERO) / SOLID (SÓLIDO) / HOLLOW (HUECO) / PURE (PURO) / USEFUL(ÚTIL) / USELESS (SIN UTILIDAD) / EXPENSIVE (CARO) / CHEAP (BARATO) / USED (USADO) / NEW (NUEVO)

DISTANCES & DIMENSIONS

LONG (LARGO) / SHORT (CORTO) / WIDE (ANCHO) / NARROW (ESTRECHO) / DEEP (PROFUNDO) / SHALLOW (POCO PROFUNDO) / LOW (BAJO) / HIGH (ALTO) / FAR (LEJOS) / NEAR (CERCA) / HUGE (ENORME) / LARGE (GRANDE) /BIG (GRANDE) / GREAT (GRANDE) / TINY (MUY PEQUEÑO) / SMALL (PEQUEÑO)/ OPPOSITE (EN FRENTE DE) / SIMILAR (SIMILAR) / RIGHT (DERECHA) / LEFT (IZQUIERDA) / TOP (ALTO) / UPPER (SUPERIOR/MAS ALTO) / OUTER (EXTERIOR) / INNER (INTERIOR) / FEW (POCOS) / HALF (MITAD)

OTHERS

SLOW (LENTO) / FAST (RÁPIDO) / RAPID (RÁPIDO) / QUICKLY (RÁPIDAMENTE) / BUSY (OCUPADO) /FREE (LIBRE/GRATIS) / CROWDED (ABARROTADO) / FULL(LLENO) / EMPTY (VACÍO) / FILTHY (ASQUEROSO) / DIRTY (SUCIO) / CLEAN (LIMPIO) / LUCKY (AFORTUNADO) / UNLUCKY (DESAFORTUNADO)/ DANGEROUS (PELIGROSO) / SAFE (SEGURO) / POWERFUL (PODEROSO) / POWERLESS (SIN PODER) / SILENT (SILENCIOSO) / LOUD (ALTO) / BROKEN (ROTO) / LOST (PERDIDO) / WONDERFUL (MARAVILLOSO) /EXCITING (EMOCIONANTE) / EXCITED (CONTENTO) / INTERESTING (INTERESANTE) /INTERESTED (INTERESADO) / AMAZING (ALUCINANTE) / AMAZED (ALUCINADO) /SURPRISING (SORPRENDENTE) / SURPRISED

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(SORPRENDIDO) / ASTONISHING (INCREIBLE) /ASTONISHED (ATÓNITO) / EASY (FÁCIL)/ DIFFICULT(DIFÍCIL) / FINE (BIEN) / FAIR (JUSTO)

PRINCIPALES CONECTORES EN

INGLÉS

FIRST PARAGRAPH: At first sight: A primera vista / First: En primer lugar / Firstof all: Antes que nada / In the first place: En primer lugar / To start with: Paraempezar

SECOND PARAGRAPH: In the second place: En segundo lugar/ Second: Segundo/ Secondly: En segundo lugar/ Third: Tercero / Thirdly: En tercer lugar

CONCLUSION: Finally: Por último / In conclusion: Para concluir / Lastly: Por último / And eventually: Y finalmente

ADDING INFORMATION: Apart from: Aparte de / In addition: Además / in addition to: Además de / What is more: Además; lo que es más/Moreover: Además / On top of that: Además / Besides: Además / On the one hand: Por una parte / On the other hand: Por otra parte / And eventually: Y finalmente

CONTRAST: all the same: a pesar de todo / however: sin embargo / instead of: en vez de / in spite of / despite: a pesar de / nevertheless: no obstante/ on the contrary: por el contrario/ whereas/while: mientras / though / although: aunque /

REASON: because of + noun: a causa de / due to + noun: debido a due to the fact that + sentence: debido a que for this / that reason: por esta / esa razón / owing to + noun: debido a owing to the fact that + sentence: debido a que

RESULT: as a result: como resultado de.

EXPRESSING FACTS: actually: en realidad / as a matter of fact: de hecho / in fact: de hecho / really: en realidad EXPRESSING PERSONAL OPINION: as far as I am concerned por lo que a mí respecta /from my point of view desde mi punto de vista / I agree estoy de acuerdo / I disagree no estoy de acuerdo / In my opinion en mi opinión / In my view según lo veo / I think that creo que / It is true that es verdad que /

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Personally personalmente / To be honest para ser honesto /To tell the truth adecir verdad

EXPLAIN: that is (to say): es decir / in other words: en otras palabras / in short: en resumen / above all: sobre todo / all in all: en general / at least: al menos / basically: básicamente, fundamentalmente especially : especialmente, sobre todo / essentially: esencialmente / in general: en general / in particular: en particular / more or less: más o menos / on the whole: en general / to a certain extent: hasta cierto punto

EXEMPLIFYING: and so on: etcetera / for example: por ejemplo / for instance: por ejemplo / such as: tal(es)como

SUMMARIZING: all in all: en suma / in brief: en resumen / in conclusion: Para concluir / in short: en resumen / on the whole: en general / to sum up: Para resumir

SEQUENCING: after that: después de eso / all of a sudden: de repente/ Finally: Finalmente / First of all: En primer lugar / in the end: al final / In the meantime: mientras tanto / meanwhile: mientras tanto next: luego/ suddenly: de repente / then: entonces, después / while: mientras

VOCABULARIO DE ANIMALES

ASS: ASNOBEAR: OSOBIRD: PÁJAROBULL: VACACAT: GATOCOCK: GALLOCOW: TORODOG: PERRODONKEY: BURRODOVE: PALOMAELEPHANT: ELEFANTEFISH: PESCADOFLEA: PULGAFLY: MOSCAGIRAFFE: GIRAFAGOAT: CABRA

81



HEN: GALLINAHORSE: CABALLOINSECT: INSECTOIPPOPOTAMUS: HIPOPÓTAMOLION: LEÓNMARE: YEGUAMOSQUITO: MOSQUITOMOUSE: RATÓNPIG: CERDORABBIT: CONEJOSHEEP: OVEJASNAKE: SERPIENTESTORK: CIGÜEÑASWAM: CISNETIGER: TIGRETORTOISE: TORTUGA DE TIERRATURTLE: TORTUGA DE AGUA

VOCABULARIO DE AUTOBÚS

BUS: AUTOBÚS

SEAT: ASIENTO

COACH: AUTOCAR

DOBLE DECKER BUS: AUTOBÚS DE DOS PISOS

TO GET OFF: BAJAR

BUS TICKET: BILLETE

BUS & TRAM PASS: BONOBÚS

CONDUCTOR: REVISOR

BUS ROUTE: PARADA

FARE: TARIFA

VOCABULARIO CUARTO DE BAÑO

SHOWER: DUCHASPONGE: ESPONJATOILET PAPER: PAPEL HIGIÉNICOSOAP: JABÓNWASH – BASIN: LAVABOTOILET: SERVICIO

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MIRROR: ESPEJOBRUSH: CEPILLOTOOTHBRUSH: CEPILLO DE DIENTESTOWEL: TOALLATO HAVE A SHOWER: DARSE UNA DUCHATO COMB: PEINARSE / CEPILLARSETO WASH: LAVARTO BRUSH ONE’S TEETH: CEPILLARSE LOS DIENTESDRY: SECOWET: MOJADONAKED: DESNUDODRESSED: VESTIDOFULL: LLENOEMPTY: VACIO

VOCABULARIO DE CARNE

PORK – CERDO

PORK CHOP – CHULETA

SAUSAGE – SALCHICHA

BACON – BEICON

HAM – JAMÓN

BEEF – TERNERA

GROUND BEEF – CARNE PICADA

STEAWING BEEF – TERNERA DE ESTOFADO

BEEF RIBS – COSTILLAS

TRIPE – CALLOS

LIVER – HÍGADO

LAMB – CORDERO

LEG OF LAMB – PIERNA DE CORDERO

TURKEY – PAVO

DUCK – PATO

CHIKEN – POLLO

BREAST – PECHUGA

WING – ALA

THIGH – MUSLO

VOCABULARIO DE CARTOGRAFÍA

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NORTH POLE: POLO NORTE

ARTIC CIRCLE: CÍRCULO POLAR ÁRTICO

NOTHERN HEMISPHERE: HEMISFERIO NORTE

TROPIC OF CANCER: TRÓPICO DE CÁNCER

EQUATOR: ECUADOR

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE: HEMISFERIO SUR

TROPIC OF CAPRICORN: TRÓPICO DE CAPRICORNIO

ANTARTIC CIRCLE: CÍRCLO POLAR ANTÁRTICO

SOUTH POLE: POLO SUR

LATITUDE: LATITUD

LONGITUDE: LONGITUD

PARALLEL: PARALELO

SOUTH POLE: POLO SUR

VOCABULARIO "MI HABITACIÓN"

BLIND: PERSIANA WARDROBE: ROPERO DOLL: MUÑECA PILLOW: ALMOHADA PYJAMAS: PIJAMA BED: CAMA PAPER BIN: PAPELERA BALL: BALÓN SHEETS: SÁBANAS BLANKET: MANTA RADIO: RADIO BOX: CAJA BALL: BALÓN CLOSED: CERRADO OPENED: ABIERTO TIDY: ORDENADO MESSY: DESORDENADO LONG: LARGO SHORT: CORTO

84



LOS NUMERALES EN INGLÉS

NUMERALES

CARDINALES ORDINALES

1 ONE2 TWO3 THREE4 FOUR5 FIVE6 SIX7 SEVEN8 EIGHT9 NINE10 TEN11 ELEVEN12 TWELVE13 THIRTEEN14 FOURTEEN15 FIFITEEN16 SIXTEEN17 SEVENTEEN18 EIGHTEEN19 NINETEEN20 TWENTY21 TWENTY – ONE22 TWENTY – TWO30 THIRTY40 FORTY50 FIFTY60 SIXTY70 SEVENTY80 EIGHTY90 NINETY100 (ONE) HUNDRED101 ONE HUNDRED AND ONE356 THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY – SIX1000 ONE THOUSAND5000 FIVE THOUSAND100000 ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND1000000 ONE MILLIONMILL MILLONES = 1 BILLION

1ST FIRST2ND SECOND3RD THIRD4TH FOURTH5TH FIFTH6TH SIXTH7TH SEVENTH8TH EIGHTH9TH NINTH10TH TENTH20TH TWENTIETH21ST TWENTY – FIRST22ND TWENTY – SECOND30TH THIRTIETH37TH THIRTY – SEVENTH40TH FORTIETH100TH ONE HUNDREDTH101ST ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST1000TH ONE THOUSANDTH4122ND FOUR THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY - SECOND

85



VOCABULARIO DE "CIUDAD" / CITY AND

TOWN

AIRPORT: AEROPUERTOALLEY: CALLEJÓNATHLETICS STADIUM: ESTADIO DE ATLETISMOAVENUE: AVENIDABAKER’S: PANADERÍABANK: BANCOBAR: BAR, LOCAL DE BEBIDASBOOKSHOP: LIBRERÍABOROUGH: MUNICIPIOBOUTIQUE: BOUTIQUEBRIDGE: PUENTEBUIDING: EDIFICIOBUS STATION: ESTACÓN DE AUTOBUSESBUTCHER’S: CARNICERÍACAFÉ: CAFETERÍACANTEEN: CANTINACAR PARK: APARCAMIENTOCATHEDRAL: CATEDRALCHEMIST’S: FARMACIACHURCH: IGLESIACINEMA: CINECOLLEGE: COLEGIO MAYORDEPARTMENT STORE: GRANDES ALMACENESDRY CLEANER’S: TINTORERÍAEMBASSY: EMBAJADAFACTORY: FÁBRICAFOOTBALL GROUND: CAMPO DE FÚTBOLGARAGE: GARAGEGREENGROCER’S: VERDULERÍAGROVE: ARBOLEDAHAIRDRESSER’S: PELUQUERÍAHIGH SCHOOL: INSTITUTOHOSPITAL: HOSPITALHOSTEL: HOSTALHOTEL: HOTELINDUSTRY: INDUSTRIA

86



JEWELLER’S: JOYERÍALAKE: LAGOLAUDERETTE: LAVANDERÍALIBRARY: LIBRERÍAMONUMENT: MONUMENTOMUSEUM: MUSEONEWSAGENT’S: TIENDA DE REVISTASPARK: PARQUEPAVEMENT: ACERAPETROL STATION: GASOLINERAPIZZA BAR: PIZZERÍAPLAYGROUND: CAMPO DE REGREOPOLICE STATION: COMISARÍA DE POLICÍAPOND: ESTANQUEPOST OFFICE: OFICINA DE CORREOSPUB: PUB, CAFETERÍA, BARRAILWAY STATION: ESTACIÓN DE TRENRESTAURANT: ESTAURANTERIVER: RÍOSCHOOL: ESCUELASHOP WINDOW: ESCAPARATE (TO GO WINDOW SHOPPING: MIRAR ESCAPARATES)SHOP: TIENDASHOPPING CENTER: CENTRO COMERCIALSQUARE: PLAZASTATIONER’S: PAPELERÍASUBURB: BARRIO RESIDENCIALSUPERMARKET: SUPERMERCADOSWIMMNING POOL: PISCINATAXI RANK: PARADA DE TAXISTENNIS COURT: CAMPO DE TENISTHEATRE: TEATROTOWN HALL: AYUNTAMIENTOTOY SHOP: TIENDA DE JUGUETESTRAVEL AGENCY: AGENCIA DE VIAJESUNIVERSITY: UNIVERSIDAD WORKSHOP: TALLER

VOCABULARIO DE CLASE

ADHESIVE TAPE: CINTA ADHESIVABLACKBOARD: PIZARRABOOK: LIBRO

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CALCULATOR: CALCULADORACHALK: TIZACOLOURING PENCILS: LÁPICES DE COLORESCOMPASSES: COMPÁSDRAWING: DIBUJOEXERCISE BOOK: CUADERNOFELT-TIP PENS: ROTULADORESFILE: ARCHIVADORGLUE: PEGAMENTOPENCIL CASE: ESTUCHEPENCIL SHARPENER: SACAPUNTASPENCIL: LÁPIZRUBBER: GOMARULER: REGLASCHOOLBAG: MOCHILA / CARTERASCISSORS: TIJERASSET SQUARE: CARTABÓNSHEET OF PAPER: HOJA DE PAPEL

VOCABULARIO DE FAMILIA

GRANDMOTHER: ABUELA GRANDFATHER: ABUELO PARENTS: PADRES UNCLE: TITO AUNT: TITA FATHER: PADRE DAD: PAPÁ MOTHER: MADRE MOM: MAMÁ COUSIN: PRIMO/A BROTHER: HERMANO SISTER: HERMANA BABY: BEBÉ YOUNG: JOVEN OLD: ANCIANO HUSBAND: MARIDO WIFE: ESPOSA BROTHER IN LAW: CUÑADO SISTER IN LAW: CUÑADA FATHER IN LAW: SUEGRO MOTHER IN LAW: SUEGRA RELATIVES: FAMILIARES BOYFRIEND: NOVIO GIRLFRIEND: NOVIA

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FRIEND: AMIGO/A MATE: COLEGA COUPLE: PAREJA

VOCABULARIO DE COMIDA

BREAD: PAN OIL: ACEITE SALAD: ENSALADA PASTA: PASTA JUICE: ZUMO FISH: PESCADO PIE: PASTEL CEREALS: CEREALES MILK: LECHE SUGAR: AZÚCAR CHEESE: QUESO HAMBURGER: HAMBURGUESA EGGS: HUEVOS CHIPS: PATATAS FRITAS STEAK: FILETE SAUSAGE: SALCHICHA BUTTER: MANTEQUILLA TOAST: TOSTADASALT: SALRICE: ARROZ SOUP: SOPA COLD: FRIO HOT: CALOR LIQUID: LÍQUIDO SOLID: SÓLIDO

VOCABULARIO DE LA COCINA

CURTAIN: CORTINA CUP: TAZA PLATE: PLATO FRYING PAN: SARTÉN POT: OLLA KNIFE: CUCHILLO

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GLASS: VASO FORK: TENEDOR SPOON: CUCHARA REFRIGERATOR: FRIGORÍFICO TAP: GRIFO STOOL: TABURETE FREGADERO: BASIN OVEN: HORNO DISHCLOTH: PAÑO TABLECLOTH: MANTEL WASHING MACHINE: LAVADORA TEAPOT: TETERA DRAWERS: CAJONES

VOCABULARIO CUERPOS CELESTES

SUN: SOL

MOON: LUNA

MERCURY: MERCURIO

VENUS: VENUS

EARTH: TIERRA

MARS: MARTE

JUPITER: JÚPITER

SATURN: SATURNO

URANUS: URANO

NEPTUNE: NEPTUNO

PLUTO: PLUTÓN

PLANET: PLANETA

MILKY WAY: VÍA LÁCTEA

GALAXY: GALAXIA

ORBIT: ÓRBITA

COMET: COMETA

VOCABULARIO DE EMOCIONES

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HAPPY: CONTENTO

UNHAPPY: DESCONTENTO/A

SAD: TRISTE

FURIOUS: FURIOSO/A

ANGRY: ENFADADO/A

CONFUSED: CONFUNDIDO/A

IN LOVE: ENAMORADO/A

WORRIED: PREOCUPADO/A

ANXIOUS: ANGUSTIADO/A

DESPERATE: DESESPERADO/A

EXCITED: ENTUSIASMADO/A

TIRED: CANSADO/A

SURPRISED: SORPRENDIDO/A

ENVIOUS: ENVIDIOSO/A

JELOUS: CELOSO/A

PROUD: ORGULLOSO/A

KNACKERED: AGOTADO/A

VOCABULARIO DE GEOGRAFÍA

MAP: MAPA

EUROPE: EUROPA

NORTH AMERICA: NORTE AMÉRICA

CENTRAL AMERICA: AMÉRICA CENTRAL

SOUTH AMERICA: AMÉRICA DEL SUR

OCEANIA: OCEANÍA

ASIA: ASIA

AFRICA: ÁFRICAANTARCTICA: ANTÁRTIDA

AUSTRALIA: AUSTRALIA

GREENLAND: GROENLANDIA

ATLANTIC OCEAN: OCÉANO ATLÁNTICO

PACIFIC OCEAN: OCÉANO PACÍFICO

INDIAN OCEAN: OCÉANO ÍNDICO

ANTARTIC OCEAN: OCÉANO ANTÁRTICO

ARTIC OCEAN: OCÁNO ÁRTICO

MEDITERRANEAN SEA: MAR MEDITERRÁNEO

91



GREENLAND SEA: MAR DE GROENLANDIA

RED SEA: MAR ROJO

CARIBBEAN SEA: MAR DEL CARIBE

NORTH SEA: MAR DEL NORTE

BEARING SEA: MAR DE BEARING

CASPIAN SEA: MAR CASPIO

LATITUDE: LATITUD

LONGITUDE: LONGITUD

PARALLEL: PARALELO

MERIDIAN: MERIDIANO

VOCABULARIO DE INSECTOS

FLEA: PULGA

LOUSE: PIOJO

MOSQUITO: MOSQUITO

FLY: MOSCA

TERMITE: TERMITA

CICADA: CIGARRA

LADYBIRD: MARIQUITA

SHIELD BUG: CHINCHE DE CAMPO

COCKCHAFER: ESCARABAJO

WASP: AVISPA

HORNET: AVISPÓN

CIEG: TÁBANO

BUMBLEBEE: ABEJORRO

BOW – WINGED GRASSHOPPER: GRILLO (CAMPESTRE)

WATER STRIDE: OPILIÓN

DRAGONFLY: LIBÉLULA

MANTID: MANTIS RELIGIOSA

ATLAS MOTH: ORUGA DE POLILLA

VOCABULARIO DE ORDENADORES

COMPUTER: ORDENADOR / COMPUTADORA

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LAPTOP: PORTÁTIL

SCREEN: PANTALLA

ON - OFF SWITCH: INTERRUPTOR

TOUCHPAD: RATÓN TÁCTIL

KEYBOARD: TECLADO

SPACE BAR: BARRA ESPACIADORA

SHIFT KEY: TECLA DE MAYÚSCULA

BACKSPACE KEY: TECLA DE RETROCESO

ENTER KEY: TECLA ENTER / INTRO

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU): PROCESADOR

HARD DRIVE: DISCO DURO

DVD / CD DRIVE: UNIDAD DE DVD / CD

DOUBLE CLICK: HACER DOBLE CLIC

MOUSE: RATÓN

SPEAKERS: ALTAVOCES

HEADSET: AURICULAR CON MICRÓFONO

EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE: DISCO DURO EXTERNO

WIRELESS ROUTER: ROUTER INALÁMBRICO

BLANK CD: CD VIRGEN

SCANNER: ESCÁNER

INKJET PRINTER: IMPRESORA DE TINTA

INK CARTRIDGE: CARTUCHO DE TINTA

LASER PRINTER: IMPRESORA LÁSER

TONER CARTRIDGE: CARTUCHO DE TÓNER

DESKTOP: ESCRITORIO DEL PC

WINDOW: VENTANA

ICON: ICONO

TRASH: PAPELERA

MENU BAR: BARRA DE MENÚ

SCROLL BAR: BARRA DE DESPLAZAMIENTO

TOOLBAR: BARRA DE HERRAMIENTAS

FOLDER: CARPETA

FILE: ARCHIVO

PROGRAM: PROGRAMA

TABLE: TABLA

FONT: FUENTE

VOLUME CONTROL: CONTROL DE VOLUMEN

ERROR MESSAGE: MENSAJE DE ERROR

93



MESSAGE: MENSAJE

ACCOUNT: CUENTA

TO SAVE: GUARDAR

TO DELETE: ELIMINAR

BACKUP: COPIA DE SEGURIDAD

INBOX: BANDEJA DE ENTRADA

OUTBOX: BANDEJA DE SALIDA

TO RECEIVE: RECIBIR

ATTACHMENT: ARCHIVO ADJUNTO

VOCABULARIO SALA DE ESTAR

CLOCK: RELOJ DE PARED CUSHION: COJÍN LAMP: LÁMPARA COUCH: SOFÁ PAINTING: CUADRO SOCKET: ENCHUFE WALL: PARED TELEVISION: TELEVISIÓN VIDEO: VIDEO KEYS: LLAVES ASHTRAY: CENICERO CHAIR: SILLA FLOOR: SUELO CARPET: ALFOMBRA /MOQUETA UMBRELLA: SOMBRILLA TO WATCH TV: VER LA TELE TO RING: SONAR TO SIT DOWN: SENTARSE TO GET UP: LEVANTARSE TO TURN ON THE LIGHT: ENCENDER LA LUZ TO REST: DESCANSAR CLEAR: CLARO DARK: OSCURO NICE: BONITO UGLY: FEO

94



VOCABULARIO "LOS SENTIDOS"

SENSE OF HEARING: SENTIDO DEL OIDO EAR: OREJASENSE OF TOUCH: SENTIDO DEL TACTO FINGERNAIL: UÑA SKIN: PIEL SENSE OF TASTE: SENTIDO DEL GUSTO LIP: LÁBIO MOUTH: BOCA TONGUE: LENGUA TEETH: DIENTES SENSE OF SIGHT: SENTIDO DE LA VISTA EYEBROW: CEJA EYELID: PÁRPADO EYELASH: PESTAÑA PUPIL: PUPILA IRIS: IRIS SENSE OF SMELL: SENTIDO DEL OLFATO NOSE: NARIZ TO HEAR: OIR TO SEE: VER TO SMELL: OLERTO TOUCH: TOCAR TO TASTE: PROBAR (SABOREAR) NOISY: RUIDOSO QUIET: TRANQUILO SWEET: DULCE SOUR: AMARGO FRESH: FRESCO/A WILTED: MARCHITA/O SALTY: SALADO TASTELESS: SOSO / INSIPID/ SIN SABOR HARD: DURO SOFT: BLANDO

VOCABULARIO "EL CUERPO

HUMANO"

HAIR: PELO HEAD: CABEZA EYE: OJO MOUTH: BOCA TOOTH: DIENTE

95



NECK: CUELLO SHOULDERS: HOMBROS ELBOW: CODO HAND: MANO FINGER: DEDO DE LA MANO BACK: ESPALDA LEG: PIERNA KNEE: RODILLA ANKLE: TOBILLO FOOT: PIE

VOCABULARIO "ROPA"

HANGER: PERCHA SKIRT: FALDA CAP: GORRA DRESS: VESTIDO COAT: ABRIGO SCARF: BUFANDA SHIRT: CAMISETA BUTTON: BOTÓN KNICKERS: BRAGAS SLIPPERS: ZAPATILLAS DE CASA SHOE: ZAPATO TROUSERS: PANTALONES SOCKS: CALCETINES BELT: CORREA/ CINTURON UNDERPANTS: CALZONCILLOS TO GET DRESS: VESTIRSE TO UNDRESS: DESVESTIRSE/ QUITARSE LA ROPA TO TIE ONE’S SHOELACES UP: ATARSE LAS ZAPATILLAS TO PUT MAKE UP ON: HECHARSE MAQUILLAJE DARK HAIR: PELO MORENO BLOND (E): RUBIO/A FAT: GORDO SLIM: DELGADO TALL: ALTO SHORT: CORTO DIRTY: SUCIO CLEAN: LÍMPIO

96



VOCABULARIO "ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS"

DOG: PERRO CANARY: CANARIO PARROT: LORO GOLDFISH: PECES DE COLORES TURTLE: TORTUGA CAT: GATO HAMSTER: HAMSTER CAGE: JAULA RABBIT: CONEJO

VOCABULARIO "EL PARQUE"

POND: ESTANQUE SWAN: CISNE TRUNK: TRONCO BRANCH: RAMA SWING: COLUMPIO SLICE: TOBOGÁN GARDENER: JARDINERO LADY BIRD: MARIQUITA WASP: AvISPA ICE CREAM: HELADO TO JUMP: SALTAR TO SLIDE DOWN: TIRARSE POR EL TOBOGÁN

VOCABULARIO DE ECOLOGÍA

FACTORY: FÁBRICA POLLUTION: CONTAMINACIÓN PAPER: PAPEL RECYCLING CONTAINERS: CONTENEDORES DE RECICLAJE BATTERIES: PILAS PLASTIC: PLÁSTICO

97



POISONOUS: VENENOSO RECYCLABLE: RECICLABLE TO RECYCLE: RECICLAR TO EMPTY: VACIAR TO POLLUTE: CONTAMINAR

VOCABULARIO DE VERDURAS

CARROT – ZANAHORIA

CABBAGE – COL, REPOLLO

CAULIFLOWER – COLIFLOR

ONION – CEBOLLA

CUCUMBER – PEPINO

BROCCOLI – BRÓCOLI

BRUSEL SPROUT – COL DE BRUSELAS

LEEK – PUERRO

PUNPKIN – CALABAZA

SPINACH – ESPINACA

MUSHROOM – CHAMPIÑÓN

GREEN ONION – CEBOLLETA

SCALLION – CEBOLLETA

WATERCRESS – BERROS

ASPARAGUS – ESPÁRRAGOS

LETTUCE – LECHUGA

BEANS – ALUBIAS, JUDÍAS

GREEN BEANS – JUDÍAS VERDES

PEA – GUISANTE

CELERY – APIO

CORN – MAÍZ

POTATO - PATATA

TOMATO – TOMATE

GARLIC – AJO

ARTICHOKE – ALCACHOFA

PEPPER – PIMIENTO

GREEN PEPPER – PIMIENTO VERDE

RED PEPPER – PIMIENTO ROJO

RADISHES – RÁBANOS

BEET – REMOLACHAS

PARSLEY – PEREJIL

98



TURNIP – NABO

YAM - BONIATO

AUBEGINE – BERENJENA (UK)

EGGPLANT – BERENJENA (USA)

COURGETTE – CALABACÍN ( UK)

ZUCCHINI – CALAQBACÍN (USA)

VOCABULARIO DE VIAJAR

ARRIVALS LLEGADASBABY CHANGING FACILITIES CAMBIADORESBAGGAGE ENQUIRIES INFORMACIÓN DE EQUIPAJESBAGGAGE RECLAIM RECOGIDA DE EQUIPAJESBORDER CROSSING PASO DE LA FRONTERABUREAU DE CHANGE CAMBIO DE MONEDACAR HIRE ALQUILER DE COCHESCAR PARK APARCAMIENTOCASH FACILITIES CAJEROS AUTOMÁTICOSCAUTION PRECAUCIÓNCLOSED CERRRADOCUSTOMER SERVICE ATENCIÓN AL CLIENTECUSTOMS ADUANASUITCASE MALETAHARD – SHELL SUITCASE MALETA RÍGIDASOFT – SHELL SUITCASE MALETA BLANDAUNDERGROUND METROPURSE MONEDERODESK MOSTRADORPORTER MOZO PORTAEQUIPAJESNATIONALITY NACIONALIDADGOODS TO DECLARE OBJETOS A DECLARARBUS STOP PARADA DE AUTOBUSTAXI RANK PARADA DE TAXISPASSENGER PASAJEROTRANSIT PASSENGER PASAJEROS EN TRÁNSITOPASSPORT PASAPORTELOST PERDIDOMEETING POINT PUNTO DE ENCUENTROHOTEL BOOKING RESERVA DE HOTELES

99



DELAY RETRASOROLLING WHEELS RUEDAS (DE MALETA)TOURIST PASS TÁRJETA TURISTICAPASSPORT HOLDER TÍTULAR DEL PASAPORTEWINDOW VENTANILLAVISA VISADODANGER PELIGROENTRANCE ENTRADAFIGHT CONNECTIONS CONEXIÓN DE VUELOSFOOD AND DRINK CAFETERIAS Y RESTAURANTESFREE / VACANT LIBREINFORMATION DESK MOSTRADORES DE

INFORMACIÓNINSERT A COIN INTRODUCE UNA MONEDAINTERNET ACCESS ACCESO A INTERNETLEFT BAGGAGE CONSIGNALOST BAGGAGE OFFICE OFICINA DE RECLAMACIÓN DE

EQUIPAJELOST PROPERTY OFFICE OFICINA OBJETOS PERDIDOSMEDICAL HELP DISPENSARIOMIND THE STEP CUIDADO CON EL ESCALÓNNO ENTRY NO PASARNOTHING TO DECLARE NADA QUE DECLARAROCCUPIED OCUPADOOPEN ABIERTOPASSPORT CONTROL CONTROL DE PASAPORTESPHONE AND FAX TELÉFONO Y FAXPULL TIRARPUSH EMPUJARSECURITY CONTROL CONTROL DE SEGURIDADSHOPS TIENDASSLIPPERY FLOOR SUPERFICIE RESBALADIZATOILETS / RESTROOMS ASEOSWAY OUT / EXIT SALIDAWET FLOOR SUELO MOJADOWORKSHIP CAPILLACUSTOMS OFFICER AGENTE DE ADUANASIMMIGRATION OFFICER AGENTE DE IMMIGRACIÓNTRAVEL AGENCY AGENCIA DE VIAJESPOLICE OFFICER AGENTE DE POLICÍACAR COCHEBANK BANCOTICKETS BILLETES

100



BAG BOLSOHANDBAG BOLSO DE MANODRIVING LICENCE CARNÉ DE CONDUCIR(NATIONAL) IDENTITY CARD CARNÉ DE IDENTIDADTROLLEY CARRO PORTAEQUIPAJESWALLET CARTERACITY / TOWN CENTRE CENTRO CIUDADCITY / TOWN CIUDADLOCKER CONSIGNAQUEUE COLACASH DINERO EN METÁLICO /

EFECTIVOLUGGAGE / BAGGAGE EQUIPAJEHAND LUGGAGE / BAGGAGE EQUIPAJE DE MANOUNDERGROUND STATION ESTACIÓN DE METRORAILWAY STATION ESTATIÓN DE TRENLINE FILAFREE GRATUITOTIMETABLE HORARIOSTRIKE HUELGAABRIR OPENHIRE / RENT ALQUILARHELP AYUDARWALK CAMINARCANCEL CANCELARCLOSE CERRARTAKE COGER / TOMARBUY / PURCHASE COMPRARCONSFISCATE CONFISCARANSWER CONTESTARSHOW MOSTRAR / ENSEÑARWAIT ESPERARGO IRARRIVE LLEGARLEAVE SALIR / MARCHARSENEED NECESITARASK YOU HELP PEDIR AYUDALOSE PERDERASK PREGUNTARCOMPLAIN RECLAMAR / PROTESTARCOLLECT RECOGERDEPART SALIRBRING TRAER

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AIRPORT AEREOPUERTOLIFT ASCENSORLAND ATERRIZARPLANE AVIÓNCONVEYOR BELT CINTA TRANSPORTADORAAIRLINE COMPAÑÍA AEREALEAVE THE PLANE DESEMBARCARDESTINATION DESTINOFLIGHT NUMBER NÚMERO DE VUELOLANDING STRIP / LANDING LINE PISTA DE ATERRIZAJEFLIGHT VUELODOMESTIC FLIGHT VUELO NACIONALINTERNATIONAL FLIGHT VUELO INTERNACIONAL

Preguntas y respuestas básicas

QUESTION POSSIBLE ANSWER

PERSONAL INFORMATION PERSONAL INFORMATION

What’s your name? Peter / My name’s Peter / I’m PeterWhere do you live? I live in Granada, Boston, Madrid, Barcelona….What is your address? 17 Santiago Street, Granada, Post Code (PC) 18000

Where are you from? I’m from Spain, England, Portugal… I come from…

What’s your surname / family name? My surname / family name is RodriguezWhat’s your first name? My first name is Paul / It’s PaulWhat’s your (tele)phone number? My (tele)phone number is… / It’s….How old are you? I am 15 / I’m 15When were you born? I was born in 1982, GranadaWhere were you born? I was born in Granada, SpainAre you married? What is marital status? I’m single / I’m marriedWhat do you do? / What’s your job? I’m electrician / teacher / painter…Where are you going (now)? I’m going to the bus station…Where did you go? I went to the cinema…Where were you? I was at homeHave you got a car / job / house …? Yes, I have two cars… / No I haven’tHave you got any children / friends / books…? Yes, I have 3 children, two boys and one girl.Can you play tennis / football / golf …? Yes I can / No, I can’tCan you speak English / French / Italian …? Yes I can speak English very well / A little bitWhat’s your favourite singer /colour…? My favourite singer is Michael Jackson…

GREETING GREETING

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Good morning / afternoon / evening Good morning / afternoon / eveningGood night (when you go to bed) Good night (When you go to bed)Hello / Hi Hello / Hi / How are you?How are you? (informal) I’m fine, thanks / I’m cool thanks / not badHow do you do? (very formal) How do you do. Nice to meet youNice to meet you Nice to meet you

SHOPPING SHOPPING

How can I help you? / May I help you? Yes, I’m looking for a sweaterCan I try it on? Sure, the changing rooms are over there?How much does it cost? How much is it? It’s 45€How would you like to pay? By credit card / by debit card / in cashCan I pay by credit card / check / debit car? Certainly, we accept all major cardsHave you got something bigger / smaller / lighter? Certainly, we’ve got smaller sizes as well

ASK SOMETHING SPECIFIC ANSWERS TO SOMETHING SPECIFIC

What’s that? It’s a catWhat time is it? It’s nine o’clock / It’s half past nineCan / May I open the window? Sure! It’s hot here!Is there a bank / supermarket / Chemist near here?

Yes, there is a bank on the next corner next to the post office

Where is the nearest bank / supermarket / pharmacy, etc…?

The nearest supermarket is on 15th Street

Who wrote / painted / invented …? Shakespeare wrote HamletIs there any water / sugar / rice…? Yes, there are a lot of sugar left.Are there any apples / sandwiches / books…? No, there aren’t any apples leftIs this your /his / her…. Pen / book / bag…? Yes, It’s mine / his / hers / ours / theirs

No, it’s yoursWhose is this / that? It’s Jack’s / It’s Vanessa’s

QUESTIONS WITH “LIKE” ANSWERS TO “LIKE” QUESTIONS

What do you like? I like playing tennis / listening to music…What does he look like? He’s tall and slimWhat would you like to eat? I’d like to eat a steak and chipsWhat is it like? (a country for example) It’s an interesting countryWhat’s the weather like? It’s sunny / rainy / cloudy / snowy / foggy…Would you like something to eat / drink? Thank you. Could I have a cup of tea?Would you like some coffee / tea / food…? Yes, thank you. I’d like some coffee

ASKING FOR AN OPINION ASKING FOR AN OPINION

What’s it about? It’s about a boy who likes adventuresWhat do you think about your job / book / film…?

I think this book is very interesting

How big / far / easy / difficult is it? The test was very difficult.How big / far / easy / difficult are they? The answers are very easyHow was it? It was very boring / interestingWhat are you going to do tomorrow / this evening/ tonight / next week?

I’m going to visit some friends next week

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SUGGESTIONS SUGGESTIONS

What shall we do this evening? Let’s go see a film

Why don’t we go out / play tennis / visit friends/ this evening…?

Yes, that’s sounds like a good / bad idea.

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVO PASADO SIMPLE PARTICIPIO TRADUCCIÓN

ARISE AROSE ARISEN Surgir, Levantarse

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN Despertarse

BE WAS,WERE BEEN Ser, Estar

BEAR BORE BORN Llevar, Soportar

BEAT BEAT BEATEN Batir, Golpear, Latir

BECOME BECAME BECOME Llegar A Ser

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN Empezar

BEND BENT BENT Doblar

BET BET BET Apostar

BID BID BID Pujar, Ofertar

BIND BOUND BOUND Atar, Encuadernar

BITE BIT BITTEN Morder, Picar

BLEED BLED BLED Sangrar

BLOW BLEW BLOWN Soplar

BREAK BROKE BROKEN Romper

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT Traer

BUILD BUILT BUILT Construir

BURN BURNT BURNT Arder, Quemar

BURST BURST BURST Estallar

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT Comprar

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT Coger, Atrapar

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN Elegir, Escoger

COME CAME COME Venir

COST COST COST Costar

CREEP CREPT CREPT Arrastrarse

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CUT CUT CUT Cortar

DEAL DEALT DEALT Tratar

DIG DUG DUG Excavar

DO DID DONE Hacer

DRAW DREW DRAWN Dibujar

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT Soñar

DRINK DRANK DRUNK Beber

DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN Conducir

EAT ATE EATEN Comer

FALL FELL FALLEN Caer

FEEL FELT FELT Sentir

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT Luchar

FLY FLEW FLOWN Volar

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN Olvidar

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN Perdonar

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN Congelar

GET GOT GOT Conseguir

GIVE GAVE GIVEN Dar

GO WENT GONE Ir

GROW GREW GROWN Crecer

HAVE HAD HAD Haber, Tener

HEAR HEARD HEARD Oir

HIDE HID HIDDEN Esconder

HIT HIT HIT Golpear

HOLD HELD HELD Sostener

HURT HURT HURT Herir

KEEP KEPT KEPT Guardar

KNEEL KNELT KNELT Arrodillarse

KNOW KNEW KNOWN Saber, Conocer

LAY LAID LAID Poner

LEAD LED LED Conducir, Guiar

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT Aprender

LEAVE LEFT LEFT Dejar, Abandonar

LEND LENT LENT Prestar

LET LET LET Permitir, Alquilar

LOSE LOST LOST Perder

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MAKE MADE MADE Hacer, Preparar

MEAN MEANT MEANT Querer Decir

MEET MET MET Encontrar, Reunirse

PUT PUT PUT Poner

PAY PAID PAID Pagar

READ READ READ Leer

RIDE RODE RIDDEN Montar, Cabalgar

RING RANG RUNG Telefonear

RUN RAN RUN Correr

SAY SAID SAID Decir

SEE SAW SEEN Ver

SELL SOLD SOLD Vender

SEND SENT SENT Enviar

SET SET SET Poner,Establecer

SHOOT SHOT SHOT Disparar

SHUT SHUT SHUT Cerrar

SING SANG SUNG Cantar

SINK SANK SUNK Hundirse

SIT SAT SAT Sentarse

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT Dormir

SMELL SMELT SMELT Oler

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN Hablar

SPELL SPELT/SPELLED SPELT/SPELLED Deletrar

SPEND SPENT SPENT Gastar

STAND STOOD STOOD Estar De Pie

STEAL STOLE STOLEN Robar

SWEAR SWORE SWORN Jurar

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT Barrer

SWIM SWAM SWUM Nadar

SWING SWANG SWUNG Balancearse

TAKE TOOK TAKEN Tomar, Llevar, Coger

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT Enseñar

TEAR TORE TORN Romper

TELL TOLD TOLD Decir, Contar

THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT Pensar, Creer

THROW THREW THROWN Tirar, Arrojar

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UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD Comprender,Entender

WAKE WOKE WAKEN Despertarse

WEAR WORE WORN Llevar Puesto, Usar

WIN WON WON Ganar

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN Escribir

PHRASAL VERBS

1. Break down: averiarse, estropearse

2. Break up: separarse, romper

3. Carry on: continuar

4. Check out: comprobar

5. Check up (on someone): hacer averiguaciones

6. Clean up: limpiar

7. Come away from: salir, escapar

8. Come back: volver, regresar

9. Come up with: proponer, ocurrirse

10. Cool off: refrescarse

11. Cut down: talar, cortar

12. Deal with: tratar, ocuparse, encargarse de

13. Dispose of: deshacerse de

14. Drop out: dejar (una actividad), retirarse

15. End up: terminar, ir a parar

16. Feel like: apetecer, tener ganas de

17. Fill in: rellenar (impreso, documento)

18. Find out: averiguar, descubrir

19. Get along: llevarse bien

20. Get back: volver, regresar, recuperar

21. Get in: entrar

22. Get into: entrar, meterse en, interesarse por

23. Get off: bajar(se), apearse de

24. Get out: salir / bajarse de

25. Get to: llegar a

26. Get together: reunir(se), juntar(se)

27. Get up: levantarse, subir

28. Give away: revelar, delatar

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http://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp?tranword=break%20down


30. Give up: abandonar, dejar, darse por vencido

31. Go down: bajar, descender

32. Go off: sonar

33. Go on: pasar, ocurrir

34. Go out (with): salir (con alguien)

35. Grow apart: distanciar

36. Grow up: crecer, criarse

37. Hand over: entregar

38. Hang out: pasar el tiempo

39. Keep on: seguir, continuar

40. Leave out: omitir, dejar fuera, excluir

41. Lie down: tumbarse

42. Log in: iniciar sesión

43. Log out: cerrar, salir de la sesión

44. Look after: cuidar a / de, estar al cuidado de

45. Look at: mirar, observar, fijarse

46. Look for: buscar

47. Look forward to: esperar con ansia, tener muchas ganas de, estar deseando

48. Look into: investigar, estudiar

49. Look out: Tener cuidado

50. Look up: buscar, ir a visitar

51. Make up: inventarse, hacer las paces

52. Pay back: rembolsar, devolver (dinero), vengarse

53. Pick out: elegir, escoger

54. Pick up: coger, recoger, pasar a buscar a alguien, aprender, adquirir

55. Put back: devolver, poner otra vez en su sitio

56. Put off: aplazar, posponer

57. Put on: ponerse (ropa)

58. Run away: huir, escapar(se)

59. Run out of: quedarse sin

60. Run over: atropellar

61. Rush over: salir corriendo

62. Save up: ahorrar, reunir (dinero)

63. Set off: Salir, ponerse en camino

64. Set up: crear, construir

65. Show up: aparecer, llegar, presentarse (en un lugar)

66. Shut down: apagar

67. Sit down: sentarse

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68. Stand out: destacar

69. Start off: Comenzar, empezar

70. Start up: arrancar, iniciar

71. Take after: parecerse a, salir a

72. Take off: despegar (avión)

73. Take on: contratar

74. Take out: sacar

75. Take part in: participar en

76. Turn against: Volver(se), poner(se) en contra

77. Turn away: rechazar, no admitir

78. Turn back: regresar, volver

79. Turn down: rechazar, bajar el volumen de la radio

80. Turn in: entregar

81. Turn into: transformarse en, convertirse en

82. Turn off: apagar, desenchufar (aparato), desconectar, perder la atención.

83. Turn out: resaltar, asistir, acudir

84. Turn to: acudir a (alguien)

85. Turn up: aparecer, subir el volumen de la radio

86. Use up: gastar, consumir

87. Walk on: pasar de largo, seguir andando

88. Watch out: funcionar

89. Write down: apuntar, anotar

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tema 1: los articulos en inglÉs · adverbios de frecuencia este tipo de adverbios nos indica la...

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